{"id":149451,"date":"2026-09-04T05:10:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=149451"},"modified":"2026-09-04T05:23:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:23:58","slug":"marduk","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/marduk\/","title":{"rendered":"Marduk"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"149451\" class=\"elementor elementor-149451 elementor-1880 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marduk, bog mezopotamske tradicije<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glavni bog Babilona i dr\u017eavni bog babilonskog panteona, uzdignut od lokalnog gradskog boga do najvi\u0161e bo\u017eanske vlasti. Marduk se nalazi u sredi\u0161tu mezopotamskog svijeta bogova kao pobjednik u borbi protiv kaosa i tvorac ure\u0111enog svijeta.<\/p><p>Njegov put od gradskog boga Babilona do babilonskog vrhovnog boga odra\u017eava politi\u010dko \u0161irenje Babilona pod Hamurabijem i knji\u017eevno je utemeljen u Enuma Eli\u0161u, babilonskom epu o stvaranju.<\/p><p>Marduk se smatra pobjednikom nad kaosom u mezopotamskoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skup predanih pripovijesti o bogovima jedne kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiji<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bog \/ bo\u017eica: Personificirana najvi\u0161a mo\u0107 u panteonu neke kulture, s jasnim nadle\u017enostima, prirodne sile, sudbina, rat, plodnost. \u0160tovan kroz kultove, \u017ertve i hramske institucije.\">Bog<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149318\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kolijevka dokumentirane religije, Sumer, Akad, Babilon, Asirija (od oko 3500. pr. Kr. do 330. pr. Kr.).\">Mesopotamija<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149443\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Najvi\u0161i bogovi nekog panteona, kozmi\u010dki suverenitet, stvarala\u010dki ili vladarski aspekt.\">Visoko bo\u017eanstvo<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na ovoj stranici nisu prona\\u0111eni naslovi.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSadr\u017eaj\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_marduk-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151802\" alt=\"Marduk - bogovi iz mezopotamske tradicije, povijesno-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_marduk-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_marduk-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_marduk-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_marduk.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marduk<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kratki profil: Marduk<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Mezopotamsko glavno bo\u017eanstvo, dr\u017eavni bog Babilona<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost bogova neke religije ili kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Babilon (glavni bog babilonskog panteona), Aur (sekundarno kao Bel)<br>Funkcija: stvaranje, kraljevstvo, oluja, pravednost, gospodarstvo<br>Glavni atributi: krilati zmaj (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u), lopata (marru), visoka dijadema u obliku \u0161e\u0161ira<br>Glavna kultna mjesta: Babilon (hram Esagila sa zigguratom Etemenanki), Borsippa (sin Nabu)<br>Astronomska identifikacija: Jupiter (Salbatu)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marduk je potvr\u0111en kao lokalno gradsko bo\u017eanstvo Babilona od starobabilonskog doba (rano 2. tisu\u0107lje\u0107e pr. Kr.). Glavni uzlazak pod Hamurabijem (oko 1750. pr. Kr.) do razine dr\u017eavnog bo\u017eanstva. U novobabilonskom kraljevstvu (Nabopolasar, Nabukodonozor II.) postaje apsolutni glavni bog.<\/p><p><em>Enuma Eli\u0161<\/em> (ep o stvaranju, 12. st. pr. Kr.) uspostavlja Marduka kao tvorca svijeta iz zmaja kaosa Tiamat. Njegov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina posve\u0107ena obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramski<\/span> kompleks <em>Esagila<\/em> sa zigguratom <em>Etemenanki<\/em> (\u201eKula babilonska\u201c) bio je jedno od svjetskih \u010duda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Razdoblje gr\u010dke i rimske kulture, otprilike od 800. pr. Kr. do 600. n. Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glavno kultno mjesto bio je <strong>Babilon<\/strong> s <em>Esagila<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina koja slu\u017ei \u0161tovanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramom<\/span> i zigguratom <em>Etemenanki<\/em>. Uz to Borsippa (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina koja slu\u017ei \u0161tovanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hram<\/span> sina Nabua), Sippar, Ninive (sekundarno).<\/p><p>Godi\u0161nja <em>Akitu<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sve\u010dana vjerska povorka.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesija<\/span> (Nova godina, u mjesecu Nisanu) bila je najve\u0107a babilonska pu\u010dka svetkovina, Marduk je u sve\u010danoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sve\u010dana vjerska povorka.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiji<\/span> prolazio gradom, a kralj je obnavljao svoj mandat. S ahemenidskim i seleukidskim razdobljem dolazi do opadanja; u 1. st. n. e. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ukupnost vjerskih \u0161tovateljskih radnji za neko bo\u017eanstvo ili svetu osobu.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> se gasi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sredi\u0161nji izvori: <em>Enuma Eli\u0161<\/em> (ep o stvaranju, 7 tablica), <em>Hamurabijeva <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspravna, natpisom ili slikom ukra\u0161ena kamena ili drvena plo\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">stela<\/span><\/em> (dodjela mo\u0107i Marduku), ep <em>Erra<\/em>, novobabilonski kraljevski natpisi (Nabopolasar, Nabukodonozor II., Nabonid). Sekundarna literatura: Lambert, <em>Babylonian Creation Myths<\/em>; Sommerfeld, <em>Der Aufstieg Marduks<\/em>; Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naziv i pravopisni oblici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Akadski:<\/strong> Marduk (MAR.DUK u klinastom pismu), mogu\u0107e podrijetlo: \u201etele Utua\u201c ili \u201esin svjetlosti\u201c, etimologija je spora. Nadimci: <em>Bel<\/em> (\u201egospodar\u201c, kasniji standardni naziv, posebno u helenisti\u010dkom razdoblju), <em>Merodach<\/em> (gr\u010dka transliteracija), <em>Lugal-dimmer-ankia<\/em> (sumerski ekvivalent: \u201ekralj bogova zemlje\u201c).<\/p><p>Teolo\u0161ka 50 imena: U Enuma Eli\u0161u Marduku se dodjeljuje 50 imena, svako preuzimanje funkcija drugih babilonskih bogova, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji predstavlja neku ideju ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> njegove nadmo\u0107i. Biblijska recepcija: \u201eBel\u201c u Jeremiji i Danijelu; \u201eMerodach\u201c kao ime idola u helenisti\u010dkim izvorima.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Izgled<\/strong><\/p><p>Marduk se tipi\u010dno prikazuje kao zreo, bradati mu\u0161karac, kako sjedi na tronu ili kora\u010da, u kraljevskoj odori. Rogatu krunu (<em>agus<\/em>) nosi kao znak svoje bo\u017eanskosti. Vijenac zraka okru\u017euje njegovu glavu.<\/p><p>U rukama dr\u017ei lopatu <em>Marru<\/em>, oru\u0111e stvaranja i ure\u0111ivanja, ili \u017eezlo. Zmaj mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u (poznat i kao sirru\u0161), sedmoglavo \u010dudovi\u0161te s prednjim nogama lava i zadnjim nogama patke, slu\u017ei mu kao jaha\u0107a \u017eivotinja ili za\u0161titni duh.<\/p><p><strong>Priroda i djelovanje<\/strong><\/p><p>Marduk nije prvobitni stvoritelj, nego onaj koji uspostavlja red iz kaosa. U Enuma Eli\u0161u bori se protiv prabo\u017eice Tiamat, pobje\u0111uje je i od njezina tijela stvara nebo i zemlju. Time uspostavlja pogled na svijet zasnovan na kozmi\u010dkom redu.<\/p><p>On je \u010duvar pravde, sudac bogova i za\u0161titnik ljudskog poretka. Kao gradski bog Babilona obilje\u017eio je javni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ure\u0111en slijed simboli\u010dnih radnji s religijskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>, posebno novogodi\u0161nju svetkovinu Akitu, na kojoj se njegova vrhovna vlast obnavljala svake godine.<\/p><p><strong>Izgled i simbolika<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Marduk<\/em> se prikazuje kao mo\u0107an, bradati mu\u0161karac s visokom krunom (<em>Marru<\/em>) i odorama koje pokazuju njegov kraljevski autoritet. Nosi zlatno \u017eezlo i \u010desto ga okru\u017euje zlatna ili srebrna aura.<\/p><p>Uz sebe nosi plameni ma\u010d ili druga ratna oru\u017eja. U svojoj stvarateljskoj ulici \u010desto se prikazuje s nekom vrstom stvarala\u010dke svjetlosti ili energije. Njegova sveta \u017eivotinja je zmaj <em>Tiamat<\/em> (ili peteroglavi zmaj <em>U\u0161um<\/em>), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji zastupa neku ideju ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> njegove vlasti nad kaoti\u010dnom silom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Marduk<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najva\u017eniji aspekti Marduka na prvi pogled. Sljede\u0107a polja sa\u017eimaju podrijetlo, funkciju, izgled, \u0161tovanje, simbole i paralele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradicija<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marduk je sin <em>Ee<\/em> (Enkija, boga vode) i <em>Damkine<\/em>. U <em>Enuma Eli\u0161u<\/em> je junak mla\u0111e generacije bogova koji se bori protiv prabo\u017eice <em>Tiamat<\/em> (zmaja kaosa) i pobje\u0111uje je, a od njezina tijela stvara nebo i zemlju.<\/p><p>Otac je <em>Nabua<\/em> (boga pisma), suprug <em>Sarpanitu<\/em>. Uzdi\u017eu\u0107i se do vrhovnog bo\u017eanstva carstva, prima <em>50 imena<\/em>, koja mu pripisuju funkcije svih drugih bogova (teogonijska konsolidacija).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mardukov\u00e1 funkcija<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vrhovni bog Babilona, svaki je kralj svoju vlast primao iz Mardukove ruke. Stvoritelj svijeta (u Enuma Eli\u0161u), garant kozmi\u010dkog poretka. Za\u0161titnik gospodarstva i blagostanja Babilona. Bog oluje i vremena (u svojoj staroj lokalnoj ulozi). U osobnom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveukupnost religijskih obreda \u0161tovanja neke bo\u017eanske ili svete pojave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mole\u0107ivo ili zazivaju\u0107e obra\u0107anje bo\u017eanstvu ili sili.\" tabindex=\"0\">zaziva<\/span> se za za\u0161titu od bolesti, zlo\u010dina i demonskih napasti, njegova zvijezda (Jupiter) smatrala se sretonosnom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prikaz<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorfan, prikazan kao bradati mu\u0161karac s visokom kapom-dijademom i dugom, slojevitom odorom. Karakteristi\u010dni atributi: <em>lopata<\/em> (marru, njegov znak, izvorno selja\u010dko oru\u0111e, potom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji zastupa neku ideju ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> stvoritelja), luk, strijele, ma\u010d. Pratitelj: zmaj <em>mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje u sebi spaja obilje\u017eja razli\u010ditih \u017eivih vrsta.\" tabindex=\"0\">hibridno bi\u0107e<\/span> zmije, lava i ptice), najpoznatiji Mardukov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak koji zastupa neku ideju ili zna\u010denje.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> na I\u0161tarinim vratima Babilona. Na novobabilonskim reljefima \u010desto se prikazuje kako stoji s lopatom u ruci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mardukovo \u0161tovanje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Djelokrug:<\/strong> Marduk je kao glavni bog Babilona zazivan u svim podru\u010djima, od kraljevskog mandata preko godi\u0161nje Akitu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sve\u010dana religijska procesija.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesije<\/span> do osobne za\u0161tite. Esagila je bila hodo\u010dasni\u010dko odredi\u0161te iz cijelog carstva.<\/p><p>Kralj je svoju potvrdu dobivao na godi\u0161njem Akitu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ure\u0111en slijed simboli\u010dnih radnji s religijskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualu<\/span>: veliki sve\u0107enik bi ga ponizio, a zatim bi ga Mardukova ruka vratila na njegovu du\u017enost. Najva\u017eniji osobni obredi: molitve u bolesti, za\u0161titne molitve u osobnoj kriz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mardukovi simboli<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lopata (marru), visoka kapa-dijadem, luk, strijele, ma\u010d, zmaj mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u (pratitelj), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namijenjena \u0161tovanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hram<\/span> Esagila, zigurat Etemenanki, krilati sun\u010dev disk (u nekim tradicijama). Sveta biljka: tamarisk. Sveta zvijezda: Jupiter. Sveti broj: 50 (Mardukova imena).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usporedivo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Bel<\/em> (asirski naziv, jednostavno zna\u010di \u201egospodar\u201d), <em>A\u0161ur<\/em> (Asirija, asirski pandan kao vrhovni bog carstva), <em>Anu<\/em> (Mezopotamija, starije otac panteona), <em>Iuppiter Optimus Maximus<\/em> (Rim, astronomski identificiran preko Jupitera), <em>Zeus<\/em> (Gr\u010dka, paralela kao vrhovni bog i bog gromova), <em>Indra<\/em> (hinduizam, kralj bogova s gromom i munjom), <em>Thor<\/em> (germanska tradicija, djelomi\u010dno), <em>Hadad\/Adad<\/em> (Mezopotamija, aspekt boga vremena).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160tovanje u svakodnevnom \u017eivotu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marduk je prvenstveno bio bog dr\u017eavnog kulta, a ne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bi\u0107e koje se u okviru neke religije po\u0161tuje kao bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span> osobnog spasenja ili misterija. U javnom prostoru njegovo po\u0161tovanje bilo je itekako prisutno: kraljevski natpisi pozivali su se na Markukov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Iskazivanje spasa i za\u0161tite, \u010desto u ustaljenom jezi\u010dnom obliku.\" tabindex=\"0\">blagoslov<\/span>, ugovori su se sklapali pred njegovim okom, a zakletve su ga navodile kao nadzornika.<\/p><p>U privatnom ku\u0107anstvu Marduk je imao manje sredi\u0161nju ulogu. Osobna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Do\u017eivljena religiozna stav i praksa jedne osobe.\" tabindex=\"0\">pobo\u017enost<\/span> bila je usmjerena vi\u0161e na za\u0161titni\u010dke duhove, boginju I\u0161tar ili boga lije\u010denja Gulu.<\/p><p>Ipak, mnogi su Babilonci nosili imena koja su sadr\u017eavala &#8220;Marduk&#8221; (npr. Merodach-Baladan: &#8220;Marduk je dao sina&#8221;), \u0161to je bio izraz teolo\u0161ke ukorijenjenosti Marduka u svakodnevno mi\u0161ljenje. Na blagdanu Akitu, novogodi\u0161njoj svetkovini, grad i zemlja slavili su obnovu Markukove vladavine nad svijetom; sudjelovanje u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sve\u010dana religiozna povorka.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiji<\/span> bilo je obveza svakog Babilonca.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marduk, paralele u drugim kulturama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Gr\u010dka tradicija:<\/strong> Zeus kao vrhovno bo\u017eanstvo i vladar neba i poretka. Oba boga nisu prvobitni stvoritelji, nego uspostavljaju red iz kaosa nakon borbe s Titanima. Funkcija gromovnika izra\u017eenija je kod Zeusa, ali aspekt kozmi\u010dkog pravnog poretka zajedni\u010dki je obojici.<\/p><p><strong>Vedska i hinduisti\u010dka tradicija:<\/strong> Indra kao bog gromova i vo\u0111a Deva. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Element sadr\u017eaja koji se ponavlja u umjetnosti ili pripovijedanju.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motiv<\/span> borbe s drakonom (Indra protiv Vritre) temeljni je paralelni element <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana pri\u010da o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mita<\/span>. Indra tako\u0111er nosi gromovnu munju (Vajru) i \u010duvar je kozmi\u010dkog poretka (Rte).<\/p><p><strong>Egipatska tradicija:<\/strong> Ra kao boog Sunca i \u010duvar Maat (svjetskog poretka). Dok Marduk svladava kaos u pripovijesti o borbi protiv protivnika, kod Re to se odvija u cikli\u010dkom no\u0107nom putovanju (borba protiv zmije Apofisa). Teolo\u0161ki model, bo\u017eanstvo stvoritelj kao uspostavitelj poretka, sli\u010dan je.<\/p><p><strong>Hetitska tradicija:<\/strong> Te\u0161ub kao bog oluje i vrhovno bo\u017eanstvo, poznat iz <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana pri\u010da o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mita<\/span> o Kumarbiju, deli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Element sadr\u017eaja koji se ponavlja u umjetnosti ili pripovijedanju.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> borbe s drakonom s Markukom. Te\u0161ubova borba protiv zmije Iluyanke paralela je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predana pri\u010da o bogovima, podrijetlu i poretku svijeta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitu<\/span> o Tiamat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6874574 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6874574\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb3658ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb3658ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enuma Eli\u0161: babilonski ep o stvaranju<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f37203 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3f37203\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa527e77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa527e77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najva\u017eniji izvor za Markukov rang je babilonski ep o stvaranju, nazvan po svojim po\u010detnim rije\u010dima <em>Enuma Eli\u0161<\/em> (&#8222;Kad gore&#8220;). Sa\u010duvan je na sedam glinenih plo\u010dica, koje potje\u010du prije svega iz knji\u017enice asirskoga kralja A\u0161\u0161urbanipala u Ninivi, ali \u010duvaju i starije predaje.<\/p><p>O to\u010dnom vremenu nastanka i dalje se raspravlja; mnogo govori u prilog nastanku u drugom tisu\u0107lje\u0107u prije na\u0161e ere, mo\u017eda u starobabilonsko ili srednjobabilonsko doba.<\/p><p>Ep opisuje kako iz prvobitnih voda, koje utjelovljuju <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149541\">Tiamat<\/a> i Apsu, nastaju bogovi. Kad Tiamat objavi rat mla\u0111im bogovima i podigne vojsku \u010dudovi\u0161ta, nitko od starih bogova ne usu\u0111uje se suprotstaviti joj. Marduk se izja\u0161njava spreman, ali kao cijenu tra\u017ei vrhovno kraljevsko dostojanstvo me\u0111u bogovima.<\/p><p>Skup bogova mu odobrava taj polo\u017eaj. Marduk pobje\u0111uje Tiamat u dvoboju, cijepa njezino tijelo i od polovica oblikuje nebo i zemlju. Iz krvi vo\u0111e suprotstavljenih bogova, Kingua, stvara se \u010dovjek, kako bi slu\u017eio bogovima. Na kraju bogovi za Marduka podi\u017eu grad Babilon s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namijenjena po\u0161tovanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hramom<\/span> Esagila.<\/p><p><em>Enuma Eli\u0161<\/em> je time manje neutralni izvje\u0161taj o stvaranju, a vi\u0161e teolo\u0161ko opravdanje za nadmo\u0107 Babilona i Marduka. Obja\u0161njava za\u0161to je svijet ure\u0111en kako jest i za\u0161to ba\u0161 Babilon treba biti njegovo sredi\u0161te.<\/p><p>Sedma plo\u010dica sastoji se skoro potpuno od litanije pedeset Markukovih imena, u kojoj mu se pripisuju funkcije drugih bogova.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpab7c6b1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpab7c6b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp922795f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp922795f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Esagila i Etemenanki: Markukov hram i Babilonska kula<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf75bb56 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf75bb56\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd1621ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd1621ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mardu\u043a\u043e\u0432 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der religi\u00f6sen Verehrungshandlungen f\u00fcr eine Gottheit oder heilige Gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> bio je prostorno vezan uz Babilon. Njegov glavni hram zvao se <em>Esagila<\/em>, &#8222;ku\u0107a \u010diji je vrh visok&#8220;. Uz njega se nalazila stepenasta kula <em>Etemenanki<\/em>, &#8222;ku\u0107a temelja neba i zemlje&#8220;, ziggurat zami\u0161ljen kao poveznica izme\u0111u sfera.<\/p><p><em>Etemenanki<\/em> se u istra\u017eivanjima smatra vjerojatnim stvarnim predlo\u0161kom za biblijsku pri\u010du o babilonskoj kuli.<\/p><p>Arheolo\u0161ki ostaci te\u0161ko su o\u0161te\u0107eni zbog <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoche der griechischen und r\u00f6mischen Kultur, etwa 800 v. Chr. bis 600 n. Chr.\" tabindex=\"0\">anti\u010dkog<\/span> uklanjanja materijala i modernih zahvata, no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoche der griechischen und r\u00f6mischen Kultur, etwa 800 v. Chr. bis 600 n. Chr.\" tabindex=\"0\">anti\u010dki<\/span> opisi, primjerice kod Herodota, i klinopisni tekstovi omogu\u0107uju pribli\u017enu rekonstrukciju. Babilonski kralj Nabukodonozor II. dao je u 6. stolje\u0107u prije na\u0161e ere rasko\u0161no pro\u0161iriti kompleks.<\/p><p>U Esagili se nalazio Mardu\u043a\u043e\u0432 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bildliche Darstellung einer Gottheit, die im Tempel oder Schrein verehrt wird.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultni kip<\/span>. Taj je kip bio toliko usko povezan s identitetom grada da se njegovo odvo\u0111enje od strane neprijatelja, primjerice Hetita i kasnije Asiraca, smatralo nacionalnom katastrofom, a njegov povratak trijumfom.<\/p><p>Kip nije bio puko prikazivanje, nego se smatrao stvarnom prisutno\u0161\u0107u boga, koja se njegovala, obla\u010dila i hranila.<\/p><p>Babilon je uz to imao <em>procesijsku cestu<\/em>, koja je vodila kroz poznata I\u0161tarina vrata, oblo\u017eena glaziranim ciglama i figurama \u017eivotinja. Tom je cestom za novogodi\u0161nje svetkovine prolazila <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein feierlicher religi\u00f6ser Umzug.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesija<\/span> bo\u017eanskih kipova. Monumentalna arhitektura Babilona bila je time pozornica i kulisa Mardu\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 kulta, a ne puka pozadina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3ede43e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3ede43e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0a5ee8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0a5ee8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Novogodi\u0161nja svetkovina Akitu: obred, kraljevstvo i kozmi\u010dka obnova<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7a1665f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7a1665f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33d71f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp33d71f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najva\u017eniji ciklus svetkovina Mardu\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 kulta bio je <em>akitu<\/em>, babilonska novogodi\u0161nja svetkovina, koja se u prolje\u0107e slavila oko jedanaest dana. Iz kasnog razdoblja sa\u010duvani su ritualni tekstovi koji opisuju tijek pojedinih dana, iako fragmentarno.<\/p><p>Me\u0111u sa\u010duvanim sastavnicama nalazi se recitacija <em>Enuma Eli\u0161a<\/em> pred Mardu\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bildliche Darstellung einer Gottheit, die im Tempel oder Schrein verehrt wird.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultnim kipom<\/span>. Time se liturgijski aktualizirala pobjeda boga nad kaosom: svetkovina je ponavljala i osiguravala svjetski poredak. Poznata je i scena u kojoj kralj mora stupiti pred <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bildliche Darstellung einer Gottheit, die im Tempel oder Schrein verehrt wird.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultni kip<\/span>.<\/p><p>Vrhovni sve\u0107enik oduzima mu kraljevske insignije, udara ga u lice i navodi ga da izjavi kako nije po\u010dinio nepravdu. Tek nakon toga dobiva insignije natrag. Taj je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine geregelte Abfolge symbolischer Handlungen mit religi\u00f6ser oder kultureller Bedeutung.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> vezao zemaljsko kraljevstvo uz Marduka i podvrgavao ga bo\u017eanskoj kontroli.<\/p><p>Drugi sastavni dio bila je velika <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein feierlicher religi\u00f6ser Umzug.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesija<\/span>, tijekom koje su se kipovi bogova iz hramova razli\u010ditih gradova donosili u Babilon i u svetkovinsku ku\u0107u izvan grada. Time je svetkovina ujedno pokazivala nadmo\u0107 Marduka i Babilona nad ostalim kultnim mjestima Mezopotamije.<\/p><p>Starija istra\u017eivanja, pod utjecajem takozvane \u0161kole mit-i-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eine geregelte Abfolge symbolischer Handlungen mit religi\u00f6ser oder kultureller Bedeutung.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>, rado su u svetkovini <em>akitu<\/em> vidjela dramu o umiru\u0107em i uskrsavaju\u0107em bogu. To se tuma\u010denje danas smatra pretjeranim i slabo utemeljenim. Trezveno \u010ditanje nagla\u0161ava da je svetkovina zajedno potvr\u0111ivala poredak kozmosa, polo\u017eaj Babilona i legitimitet kralja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe942edb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe942edb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc69cf80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc69cf80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Od gradskog boga do dr\u017eavnog boga: povijesni uspon Marduka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp779b35e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp779b35e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6af0f46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6af0f46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marduk izvorno nije bio zna\u010dajno <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kao bo\u017eansko \u0161tovano bi\u0107e unutar neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span>. U najstarijim izvorima pojavljuje se kao lokalni gradski bog Babilona, grada koji je u ranodinasti\u010dko doba bio bez ve\u0107eg zna\u010daja. Njegov uspon usko je povezan s politi\u010dkim usponom Babilona.<\/p><p>Presudan poticaj dala je vladavina Hamurabija u 18. stolje\u0107u prije na\u0161e ere, kada je Babilon postao vode\u0107a sila Mezopotamije. I nakon toga taj se proces nastavio razvijati.<\/p><p>Teolo\u0161ki gledano, Marduku su postupno pripisivane funkcije koje su prije pripadale drugim bogovima, prije svega starom sumerskom bogu-kralju <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149770\">Enlilu<\/a> i bogu mudrosti <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149491\">Ei<\/a>, koji se u epu pojavljuje kao Mardukov otac.<\/p><p>Popis imena na sedmoj plo\u010di <em>Enuma Eli\u0161a<\/em> teolo\u0161ki je alat te transformacije: preuzimaju\u0107i imena, a time i svojstva drugih bogova, Marduk postaje sa\u017eetak cijelog panteona. Neki istra\u017eiva\u010di govore o tendenciji prema monolatriji, iako Babilon nikada nije dosegnuo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vjerovanje u jednoga jedinog boga.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteizam<\/span>.<\/p><p>Mardukov nadimak \u010desto je bio jednostavno <em>Bel<\/em>, &#8222;Gospodar&#8220; naslov koji se pojavljuje i u hebrejskoj Bibliji kao <em>Bel<\/em>, primjerice kod proroka Jeremije i Izaije, koji ismijavaju babilonskog boga.<\/p><p>Njegov sin bio je bog pisara <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149544\">Nab\u00fb<\/a> iz Borsippe, \u010diji je vlastiti uspon pratio Mardukov. Ovaj povijesni nalaz zorno pokazuje koliko su u Mezopotamiji <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanstveno u\u010denje o Bogu i vjerovanju neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologija<\/span> i vlast bile isprepletene.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daljnje poveznice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149491\">Ea\/Enki, otac<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149544\">Nabu, sin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149541\">Tiamat, svladana boginja kaosa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149447\">Anu, starije bo\u017eanstvo panteona<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149318\">Mezopotamija, pregled panteona<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149443\">Vrhovna bo\u017eanstva, potkategorija<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149415\">Bogovi, pregled klasa<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (izbor)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Creation Myths<\/em>. Winona Lake 2013.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sommerfeld, Walter: <em>Der Aufstieg Marduks. Die Stellung Marduks in der babylonischen Religion des zweiten Jahrtausends v. Chr.<\/em>. Neukirchen-Vluyn 1982.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (izd.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (natuknica &bdquo;Marduk&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Ostala standardna djela u <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149465\">popisu literature<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-wv-marduk-faq-9f83f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"wv-marduk-faq-9f83f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-wv-marduk-faq-col-1313dd\" data-id=\"wv-marduk-faq-col-1313dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-marduk-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"wv-marduk-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010cesto postavljana pitanja o Marduku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-marduk-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wv-marduk-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Tko je bio bog Marduk?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Marduk je bio glavni bog babilonskog panteona i smatra se stvoriteljem svijeta prema babilonskim vjerovanjima. Enuma Eli\u0161, babilonski mit o stvaranju, pripovijeda kako Marduk pobje\u0111uje prvobitno morsko \u010dudovi\u0161te Tiamat te iz njezina tijela oblikuje nebo i zemlju. Marduk je u post-akadskom razdoblju preuzeo funkciju sumerskog boga Enlila.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>\u0160to je Mardukova svetkovina?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Najva\u017enija Mardukova svetkovina bila je Akitu, babilonska nova godina koja se slavila u prolje\u0107e. Prilikom nje se javno kazivao mit o stvaranju Enuma Eli\u0161, Mardukov kip nosio se u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sve\u010dana religijska povorka.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiji<\/span> iz Esagila-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gra\u0111evina namijenjena obo\u017eavanju jednog ili vi\u0161e bo\u017eanstava.\" tabindex=\"0\">hrama<\/span> kroz Babilon, a kralj je ponovno potvr\u0111ivan u svojoj slu\u017ebi. Akitu je strukturirao babilonsku godinu.<\/p>\n<\/details>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-marduk-s elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wv-marduk-s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Tko je bio bog Marduk?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Marduk je bio glavni bog babilonskog panteona i smatra se stvoriteljem svijeta prema babilonskim vjerovanjima. Enuma Eli\u0161, babilonski mit o stvaranju, pripovijeda kako Marduk pobje\u0111uje prvobitno morsko \u010dudovi\u0161te Tiamat te iz njezina tijela oblikuje nebo i zemlju. 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Akitu je strukturirao babilonsku godinu.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1635,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Marduk","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Marduk \u2013 babilonski dr\u017eavni bog i pobjednik nad kaosom","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Uzdizanje od gradskog boga do dr\u017eavnog boga, pobjeda nad Tiamat, hram Esagila, festival Akitu, 50 imena, zmaj Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-149451","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized 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