{"id":149386,"date":"2026-09-04T05:09:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:09:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=149386"},"modified":"2026-09-04T05:22:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:22:23","slug":"preta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/preta\/","title":{"rendered":"Preta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"149386\" class=\"elementor elementor-149386 elementor-1208\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta, duh budisti\u010dke tradicije<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netjelesno bi\u0107e kojem se pripisuje djelovanje u svijetu.\" tabindex=\"0\">duh<\/span> budisti\u010dke tradicije.<\/p><p><strong>Gladni duh s grlom tankim kao u\u0161ica igle, karmi\u010dki lik pohlepe.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duh: Netjelesno ili poluodjelesno bi\u0107e, umrli, prirodna bi\u0107a, ku\u0107ni duhovi ili \u010duvari pragova. Djeluje u svakodnevnom \u017eivotu, \u010desto vezan za mjesta ili obitelji.\">Duh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149378\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Budisti\u010dka tradicija s bodhisattvama, bo\u017eanstvima za\u0161titnicima, gladnim duhovima i \u010duvarima pakla.\">Budizam<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149435\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Umrli \u010diji duhovi nastavljaju djelovati u ovozemaljskom svijetu, ku\u0107ni duhovi, preci, nespokojni mrtvi.\">Duh umrlog<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSadr\u017eaj\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151760\" alt=\"Preta \u2013 duhovi iz budisti\u010dke tradicije, povijesno-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta (pali: Peta) jedna je od najupe\u010datljivijih pojava budisti\u010dke <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predod\u017eba o strukturi i poretku svijeta unutar jedne kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmologije<\/span>. Gladni duh s naduvenim trbuhom i grlom tankim kao u\u0161ica igle, sposoban vidjeti i \u017eudjeti, ali nesposoban jesti ili piti.<\/p><p>Ovaj lik postao je slika posljedica karmi\u010dke pohlepe: onaj koji je za \u017eivota uskra\u0107ivao darove, bio \u0161krt ili pronevjerio milodare, prepora\u0111a se u svijetu preta i trpi odgovaraju\u0107u oskudicu.<\/p><p>U tekstovima Petavatthu (dijelu palijskog kanona) budisti\u010dki u\u010ditelji izvje\u0161tavaju o susretima s pretama koji ispovijedaju svoja prija\u0161nja djela. Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu kratki pou\u010dni tekst.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Veliko vozilo'; jedna od tri glavne tradicije budizma, s idealom bodhisattve i razvijenom filozofskom refleksijom.\">mahajana<\/span>) pripovijeda kako Maudgaljajana vidi svoju pokojnu majku u stanju prete i mo\u017ee je spasiti samo zajedni\u010dkom snagom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu radi izra\u017eavanja zahvale, molbe ili po\u0161tovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertvenog prinosa<\/span> sanghe.<\/p><p>Iz ove pri\u010de razvio se svjetski poznati Festival gladnih duhova (Ullambana, kineski Yulanpen, japanski Obon). Ovaj lik je, za razliku od mnogih drugih demona, \u010dvrsto povezan s ritualnom praksom godi\u0161njeg kalendara.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ukratko: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> gladni duh, budisti\u010dko ponovno ro\u0111enje<br>Podrijetlo: karmi\u010dka posljedica \u0161krtosti, zavisti, pohlepe, zloupotrebe milodara<br>Tekstovi: Petavatthu (pali), Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu kratki pou\u010dni tekst.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>, \u0111\u017eatake<br>Razdoblje: od 5. st. pr. Kr. do danas<br>Sredi\u0161nji blagdan: Festival gladnih duhova \/ Ullambana \/ Obon<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uvod<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U palijskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skup spisa neke religije priznat kao obvezuju\u0107.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonu<\/span> razra\u0111en od 3. st. pr. Kr. u tekstu Petavatthu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Veliko vozilo; jedna od tri glavne tradicije budizma, s idealom bodhisattve.\">Mahajansko<\/span> pro\u0161irenje kroz Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu kratki pou\u010dni tekst.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutru<\/span> (rano kr\u0161\u0107ansko doba, prevedeno na kineski u 3. st. n. Kr.). Festival gladnih duhova utemeljuje se u Kini od doba dinastije Tang, u Japanu kao Obon od doba Nara. Neprekinuto do danas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Theravada: \u0160ri Lanka, Tajland, Mjanmar, Laos, Kambod\u017ea (ondje povezano s lokalnim kultovima predaka). Mahajana: Kina, Koreja, Japan, Vijetnam (ondje posebno \u017eivo). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Dijamantno vozilo'; tantri\u010dki oblik mahajana budizma, primarno u Tibetu, s praksom yidama i mantra-tehnikom u sredi\u0161tu.\">Vad\u017erajana<\/span>: Tibet, Mongolija. Ma\u0111arske, mongolske, kazahstanske budisti\u010dke zajednice. Moderne dijasporske zajednice po cijelom svijetu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Petavatthu (pali, dio Khuddaka Nikaye), Vimanavatthu (kao komplementarna suprotnost), Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu kratki pou\u010dni tekst.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (sanskrt\/kineski), \u0111\u017eatake, tibetanske tradicije knjige mrtvih, moderna etnografija o Festivalu gladnih duhova.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ime i varijante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrt:<\/strong> <em>preta<\/em>; pali <em>peta<\/em>; \u017eensko <em>pretani<\/em>.<br>Kineski: \u9913\u9b3c (<em>E Gui<\/em>, \u201egladni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netjelesno bi\u0107e kojem se pripisuje djelovanje u svijetu.\" tabindex=\"0\">duh<\/span>&#8220;).<br>Japanski: <em>Gaki<\/em>.<br>Tibetanski: <em>yidag<\/em>.<br>Etimologija: od <em>pra-i<\/em> \u201ei\u0107i unaprijed&#8221;, izvorno \u201eumrli&#8221;, potom specijalizirano na klasu gladnih duhova.<\/p><p>Pojam vrlo dobro pokazuje razvoj: u vedskom razdoblju <em>preta<\/em> je jednostavno ozna\u010davao umrlog u prijelaznoj fazi prije ponovnog ro\u0111enja. Budizam to specificira: odre\u0111eni mrtvi postaju gladni duhovi, ovisno o svojoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu, budizmu i d\u017eainizmu zakon uzro\u010dno-posljedi\u010dne veze djela: svako djelo djeluje na sljede\u0107e egzistencije.\">karmi<\/span>. Iz te specijalizacije razvila se klasa preta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Karakteristike<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Izgled<\/strong><\/p><p>Ogroman naduti trbuh, si\u0107u\u0161na usta, grlo tanko kao u\u0161ica igle, mr\u0161avi udovi. Gladan, pohlepan pogled, \u010desto s plamenim ustima (sve pi\u0107e se pretvara u vatru). Prema klasi\u010dnoj demonologiji postoji 36 vrsta preta, svaka s vlastitim patnjama.<\/p><p><strong>Pona\u0161anje<\/strong><\/p><p>Neprestano tra\u017ei hranu, ali ne mo\u017ee jesti. Proklet je da bude zauvijek gladan. Vidi vodu koja se pretvara u gnoj, vidi jela koja izgaraju. Privla\u010di ga miris <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kao izraz zahvale, molbe ili po\u0161tovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertvenih<\/span> darova.<\/p><p><strong>Podru\u010dje djelovanja<\/strong><\/p><p>Vlastita Pretaloka (svijet preta) u budisti\u010dkoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predod\u017eba o ustroju i poretku svijeta unutar neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmologiji<\/span>, koja se prostorno preklapa sa svijetom ljudi, ali se do\u017eivljava druga\u010dije. \u010cesto se nalazi u blizini mjesta ranijeg \u017eivota. U Kini se prema predaji tradicionalno \u201eosloba\u0111aju&#8221; iz podzemnog svijeta u sedmom mjesecu po lunarnom kalendaru.<\/p><p><strong>Mitolo\u0161ko zna\u010denje<\/strong><\/p><p>Nije rije\u010d o stvaranju, ve\u0107 o slijedu ponovnih ro\u0111enja. Uzrok su pohlepa, zavist, kra\u0111a milodara i zloupotreba religijskih darova. Trajanje postojanja kao preta odre\u0111eno je karmi\u010dkom te\u017einom, \u010desto je vrlo dugo, a neki tekstovi govore o kalpama.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najva\u017eniji aspekti bi\u0107a Preta na jednom mjestu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podrijetlo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Karmi\u010dko ponovno ro\u0111enje uzrokovano pohlepom, zavi\u0161\u0107u i zloupotrebom darova. Nije rije\u010d o stvaranju, ve\u0107 o obliku postojanja u budisti\u010dkoj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predod\u017eba o ustroju i poretku svijeta unutar neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmologiji<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kome je Preta namijenjen<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Biv\u0161i ljudi s negativnim nakupinama karme. U kasnijim tradicijama vezani su i za odre\u0111ena mjesta i obitelji (preci-preta).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oblik<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Naduti trbuh, si\u0107u\u0161na usta, grlo tanko kao u\u0161ica igle, mr\u0161avi udovi. U nekim opisima plamena usta. 36 vrsta, svaka sa svojim patnjama.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkcija<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vje\u010dno gladan, nesposoban jesti. Progoni \u017eive iz pohlepe, privla\u010de ga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kao izraz zahvale, molbe ili po\u0161tovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertveni<\/span> darovi. Mo\u017ee izazvati bolest u domovima koji zanemaruju pretke.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0161tita<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Darovi i Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ure\u0111en slijed simboli\u010dnih radnji s religijskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> (za imenom spomenute prete), recitiranje Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu kratak sa\u017eeti tekst u\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutre<\/span>, \u017ertvovanje vode i ri\u017ee. U <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dijamantno vozilo; tantri\u010dki oblik mahayana budizma, prvenstveno u Tibetu, s yidam praksom u sredi\u0161tu.\">Vajrayani<\/span>: tsok <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ure\u0111en slijed simboli\u010dnih radnji s religijskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kao izraz zahvale, molbe ili po\u0161tovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertvenim<\/span> darovima podijeljenim svim \u017eivim bi\u0107ima.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usporedbe s Pretom<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E Gui (kineski), Gaki (japanski), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149322\">Edimmu<\/a>, Pishacha, kr\u0161\u0107anske prikaze du\u0161a u \u010distili\u0161tu strukturno su srodni prijelazni duhovi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obredi i blagdani<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ullambana\/Festival gladnih duhova<\/strong><\/p><p>U sedmom mjesecu po mjese\u010devom kalendaru (obi\u010dno u kolovozu) prema <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Preno\u0161enje znanja i pri\u010da kroz generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">predaji<\/span> otvaraju se vrata podzemnog svijeta i preti dolaze u svijet. Vjernici prinose <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kao izraz zahvale, molbe ili \u0161tovanja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertvene<\/span> darove, recitiraju sutre, podi\u017eu oltare. Budisti\u010dka i daoisti\u010dka tradicija spajaju se u jedan od najve\u0107ih festivala pu\u010dke pobo\u017enosti isto\u010dne Azije.<\/p><p><strong>Obon u Japanu<\/strong><\/p><p>Preci se do\u010dekuju u vrijeme Obona (obi\u010dno 13. do 16. kolovoza). Plesovi Bon-Odori, vatre pred ku\u0107nim vratima, posjeti grobovima. Veza s izbavljenjem maj\u010dinskog lika (mit o Mulianu\/Maudgaljajani) emotivno je nabijena.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ure\u0111en slijed simboli\u010dkih radnji s vjerskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> u svakodnevici<\/strong><\/p><p>U theravadi: prino\u0161enje vode pretima tijekom obroka pindapata. U vad\u017erajani: dimni prinos sur, svakodnevno \u201ehranjenje preta&#8221; kao dio \u017ertvene prakse. U mahajani: predaja imena preminulih ro\u0111aka samostanima radi redovite recitacije <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"U hinduizmu i budizmu sa\u017eeti oblik vjerskog teksta.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutre<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usporedbe i suvremenost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Gladni duhovi u razli\u010ditim kulturama<\/strong><\/p><p>E Gui (Kina) i Gaki (Japan) izravni su prijevodi i predstavljaju isti lik u isto\u010dnoazijskom obliku. Pishacha (hinduizam) ima zajedni\u010dki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Element sadr\u017eaja koji se ponavlja u umjetnosti ili pripovijedanju.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> gladi, ali sa specifi\u010dno\u0161\u0107u pro\u017ediratelja le\u0161eva. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149322\">Edimmu<\/a> i rimski Lemuri strukturno su srodni prijelazni duhovi.<\/p><p><strong>Psiholo\u0161ko i ekolo\u0161ko tuma\u010denje:<\/strong> Moderni budisti\u010dki u\u010ditelji (Thich Nhat Hanh) tuma\u010de prete i psiholo\u0161ki: kao stanje vje\u010dnog nezadovoljstva unato\u010d materijalnom bogatstvu. Ekolo\u0161ki se preta \u010dita kao slika nezasitne potro\u0161nje, suvremeno vrlo djelotvorna pou\u010dna figura.<\/p><p><strong>Popularna kultura:<\/strong> Japanski anime i manga redovito preuzimaju motive Gakija. Festival gladnih duhova je komercijaliziran, ali ostaje religijski va\u017ean. U zapadnoj fantastici prete se prilago\u0111avaju kao samostalna vrsta \u010dudovi\u0161ta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26fd4bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26fd4bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ca3f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ca3f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utemeljenje postojanja preta u karmi\u010dkom mi\u0161ljenju<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5a782f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb5a782f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf49c5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf49c5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preporod u obliku <em>prete<\/em> (pali <em>peta<\/em>) u budisti\u010dkom kozmosu smatra se posljedicom jasno odre\u0111enog skupa djela. Tekstovi kao <em>Petavatthu<\/em>, zbirka pedesetjedne pri\u010de o duhovima u Khuddaka Nikayi palijskog kanona, ro\u0111enje u carstvu gladnih duhova prete\u017eno pripisuju \u0161krtosti, pohlepi, odbijanju milodara i uskra\u0107ivanju hrane potrebitima.<\/p><p>Kazna odra\u017eava djelo: onaj koji za \u017eivota nije ni\u0161ta davao, kao bi\u0107e trpi grlo tanko kao igla i ogroman trbuh koji nikada nije zasi\u0107en.<\/p><p>Ta zrcalnost nije slu\u010dajna, nego izraz budisti\u010dkog nau\u010davanja da karmi\u010dko djelovanje odgovara vrsti uzroka. <em>Petavatthu<\/em> pripovijeda o \u017eenama koje su gostima davale pokvarenu hranu i koje sada same moraju jesti gnoj i izmet, ili o \u010dovjeku koji je vrije\u0111ao monahe i sada luta s trulim ustima.<\/p><p>Komentar Dhammapale, <em>Petavatthu-atthakatha<\/em>, svaku pri\u010du pripisuje konkretnom prijestupu i tako od zbirke stvara moralni ud\u017ebenik.<\/p><p>Va\u017eno je vremensko ograni\u010denje. Za razliku od ro\u0111enja u paklu, koje traje neizmjerno duga, ali ipak kona\u010dna razdoblja, stanje prete smatra se stanjem koje se preostalom dobrom karmom ili prenosom zasluga \u017eivih mo\u017ee ukratiti.<\/p><p>Time carstvo gladnih duhova zauzima srednji polo\u017eaj me\u0111u \u0161est podru\u010dja postojanja, izme\u0111u paklenih bi\u0107a i \u017eivotinja. To je mjesto nedostatka, a ne aktivnog mu\u010denja.<\/p><p>Budisti\u010dka etika iz toga izvla\u010di dvostruku pouku. S jedne strane, slika preta slu\u017ei kao upozorenje protiv \u0161krtosti. S druge strane, ona utemeljuje sredi\u0161nju praksu darivanja (<em>dana<\/em>): dare\u017eljivost se smatra putem koji upravo ne vodi u carstvo gladnih duhova.<\/p><p>Preta je time manje zastra\u0161uju\u0107a slika, a vi\u0161e pou\u010dna figura na kojoj se zorno prikazuje odnos izme\u0111u djela i posljedice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9f2f2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9f2f2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf68fe07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf68fe07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Festival duhova i prenos zasluga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11fbd0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp11fbd0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6817619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6817619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Obredna briga o gladnim duhovima jedna je od najstarijih i najra\u0161irenijih budisti\u010dkih praksi. Njezino kanonsko utemeljenje nalazi se u <em>Tirokudda Sutti<\/em> iz Khuddaka Nikaye, gdje Buda obja\u0161njava da darovi koji se u ime preminulih ro\u0111aka daju mona\u0161koj zajednici mogu koristiti onima koji su preporo\u0111eni kao preti.<\/p><p>Mehanizam se naziva prijenos zasluga (<em>pattidana<\/em>): \u017eivi dobrim djelom stje\u010de zaslugu i izri\u010dito je posve\u0107uje pokojniku, koji se time raduje i biva olak\u0161an.<\/p><p>Iz te ideje razvio se u isto\u010dnoj Aziji veliki festival duhova.<\/p><p>U Kini se naziva <em>Yulanpen<\/em> i slavi se u sedmom mjesecu po mjese\u010devom kalendaru, u Japanu kao <em>Obon<\/em>.<\/p><p>Temelj je <em>Yulanpen sutra<\/em>, koja pripovijeda pri\u010du o monahu Maudgaljajani: on natprirodnim vidom vidi svoju preminulu majku kako pati kao gladni duh i ne mo\u017ee je sam izbaviti, ve\u0107 tek zajedni\u010dkim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Konkretan predmet ili hrana koji se prinose bo\u017eanstvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertvenim darom<\/span> cijele mona\u0161ke zajednice na kraju ki\u0161nog razdoblja.<\/p><p>Festival tako povezuje sinovsku pobo\u017enost s budisti\u010dkom logikom spasenja.<\/p><p>U praksi se tijekom festivala prinose hrana, pi\u0107e i simboli\u010dki novac, recitiraju se sutre i pale se svjetiljke. U theravada-budisti\u010dkom svijetu \u0160ri Lanke i jugoisto\u010dne Azije postoje odgovaraju\u0107i darovi milostinje monasima u ime pokojnika, \u010desto sedmog dana, nakon tri mjeseca i nakon godinu dana.<\/p><p>Tibetanski budizam poznaje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ure\u0111en slijed simboli\u010dkih radnji s vjerskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> zvan <em>sur<\/em>, dimni prinos od spaljene hrane, \u010diji miris treba hraniti gladne duhove, jer njihovo su\u017eeno grlo ne mo\u017ee primiti \u010dvrstu hranu.<\/p><p>Ovi obredi pokazuju da preta u \u017eivom budizmu nije daleka pou\u010dna figura, ve\u0107 bi\u0107e s kojim postoji trajan odnos. Pokojnik ostaje dio obitelji, a njegova skrb du\u017enost je nad\u017eivjelih.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6c2679 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6c2679\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp463f07c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp463f07c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografski prikaz na kota\u010du \u017eivota<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb0d1ef8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb0d1ef8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp072efc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp072efc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najra\u0161ireniji prikaz gladnih duhova nalazi se u <em>bhavachakri<\/em>, budisti\u010dkom kota\u010du \u017eivota, koji krasi ulaz mnogih tibetanskih samostana. Krug je podijeljen u \u0161est segmenata, jedan od njih prikazuje carstvo preta.<\/p><p>Ikonografska konvencija je \u010dvrsto utvr\u0111ena: tanki udovi, naduven trbuh, dug tanak vrat i si\u0107u\u0161na usta, \u010desto malena kao u\u0161ica igle. Ta anatomija kaznu \u010dini tjelesno vidljivom, glad je neuta\u017eiva jer tijelo ne mo\u017ee primiti hranu.<\/p><p>Slikarstvo \u010desto prikazuje Budu koji se pretama pojavljuje i nudi im iscjeliteljsko nau\u010davanje ili hranu. Ta se figura obi\u010dno prikazuje kao crvena ili \u017euta prilika i upu\u0107uje na to da put do oslobo\u0111enja nije potpuno zatvoren ni u carstvu gladnih duhova.<\/p><p>Krajolik carstva preta prikazuje se kao suha, isu\u0161ena ravnica, povremeno s rijekama koje se pri poku\u0161aju pijenja pretvaraju u gnoj, krv ili vatru.<\/p><p>Tibetanski tekstovi dalje razlikuju gladne duhove. Uobi\u010dajena podjela razlikuje prete s vanjskim zaprekama, koji jednostavno ne mogu prona\u0107i hranu, prete s unutarnjim zaprekama, kojima tijelo sprje\u010dava unos hrane, i prete \u010dija je sama hrana muka. Ta se sustavnost nalazi primjerice u Gampopinom djelu <em>Nakit oslobo\u0111enja<\/em> iz dvanaestog stolje\u0107a.<\/p><p>U isto\u010dnoazijskoj umjetnosti gladni duhovi pojavljuju se i izvan kota\u010da \u017eivota. Japanski slikani svitak <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> iz doba Heian, danas u muzejima Tokija i Kyota, u nizu prizora prikazuje gladne duhove koji se zadr\u017eavaju na grobljima, zahodima i mjestima prinosa i \u017eive neopa\u017eeni me\u0111u obi\u010dnim ljudima.<\/p><p>Taj svitak smatra se jednim od glavnih djela srednjovjekovnog japanskog slikarstva i dokazuje koliko je ta zamisao bila konkretno usidrena u svakodnevici.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp653e979 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp653e979\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf700548 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf700548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Predbudisti\u010dki korijeni i vedska preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa99ec33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa99ec33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d0367b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8d0367b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pojam <em>preta<\/em> nije budisti\u010dkog podrijetla, ve\u0107 potje\u010de iz starijeg vjerskog rje\u010dnika Indije. Doslovno zna\u010di onaj koji je pro\u0161ao ili onaj koji je oti\u0161ao, a nastao je od predmetka <em>pra<\/em> i korijena sa zna\u010denjem i\u0107i.<\/p><p>U vedskim i ranim hinduisti\u010dkim tekstovima <em>preta<\/em> u po\u010detku jednostavno ozna\u010dava tek preminulu osobu, koja se nalazi u prijelaznom stanju prije nego \u0161to uz pomo\u0107 obreda za mrtve postane <em>pitr<\/em>, predak.<\/p><p>Taj prijelaz je u hinduisti\u010dkom obrednom sustavu to\u010dno propisan. Obredi <em>shraddha<\/em>, \u017ertvovanja hrane za mrtve, trebaju nestalnog pretu prevesti u ure\u0111enu zajednicu predaka.<\/p><p>Ako se ti obredi ne izvr\u0161e ili osoba umre lo\u0161om smr\u0107u, pokojnik mo\u017ee zaostati kao nemirni preta. Prema ovom shva\u0107anju preta dakle nije zaseban svijet postojanja, ve\u0107 opasna prijelazna faza koja se mora okon\u010dati pravilnim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ure\u0111eni niz simboli\u010dkih radnji s religijskim ili kulturnim zna\u010denjem.\" tabindex=\"0\">obredom<\/span>.<\/p><p>Budizam je preuzeo pojam, ali ga je preoblikovao. Od privremenog prijelaznog stanja postao je jedan od \u0161est stalnih svjetova postojanja u krugu ponovnih ro\u0111enja, u koji se potpuno ra\u0111a zbog odre\u0111ene karme.<\/p><p>Veza s obredima za mrtve pri tome je ostala, ali se pomaknula od du\u017enosti stvaranja pretka prema mogu\u0107nosti preno\u0161enja zasluge pate\u0107em bi\u0107u.<\/p><p>Ovaj zajedni\u010dki korijen obja\u0161njava za\u0161to su hinduisti\u010dka i budisti\u010dka praksa vezana za mrtve \u010desto sli\u010dne i te\u0161ko ih je razdvojiti u \u017eivoj religioznosti Ju\u017ene Azije.<\/p><p>To pokazuje i da budisti\u010dki preta nije nastao iz ni\u010dega, ve\u0107 da je staru indijsku ideju ugradio u novi kozmolo\u0161ki sustav. Onaj koji \u017eeli razumjeti ovu figuru mora imati na umu tu slojevitost, vedsku pretpovijest i budisti\u010dko nanovo tuma\u010denje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77bf53f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp77bf53f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp083baac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp083baac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160irenje i promjene u budisti\u010dkim kulturama Azije<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b61d6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b61d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c34744 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8c34744\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sa \u0161irenjem budizma putovala je i predod\u017eba o gladnom duhu te se prilago\u0111avala lokalnim uvjetima. U theravadskim zemljama, \u0160ri Lanki, Mjanmaru, Tajlandu, Laosu i Kambod\u017ei, veza s pali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Skup spisa priznat kao obvezuju\u0107i u nekoj religiji.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonom<\/span> i s <em>Petavatthuom<\/em> ostala je jaka.<\/p><p>Ovdje se predod\u017eba o preti djelomi\u010dno stopila s doma\u0107im vjerovanjem u duhove, poput tajlandskih <em>phi<\/em>, tako da se budisti\u010dki gladni duh ne razdvaja uvijek strogo od drugih nemirnih pokojnika.<\/p><p>U Kini se ta ideja susrela s ve\u0107 visoko razvijenom kulturom predaka. Gladni duh, kineski <em>egui<\/em>, tamo je bio \u010dvrsto povezan s brigom za zanemarene ili bezdjetne pokojnike. Onaj koji nema potomke koji bi prinosili <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu kojim se izra\u017eava zahvala, molba ili po\u0161tovanje.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertve<\/span>, prijeti da postane gladan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezhotelno bi\u0107e kojemu se pripisuje djelovanje u svijetu.\" tabindex=\"0\">duh<\/span>.<\/p><p>Festival duhova sedmog mjeseca postao je jedan od najva\u017enijih godi\u0161njih blagdana, kada se otvaraju vrata podzemnog svijeta i duhovi lutaju. Ovdje se budisti\u010dka nauka o spasenju povezala s daoisti\u010dkim i narodnoreligijskim elementima.<\/p><p>Tibetanski budizam sustavno je klasificirao gladne duhove u svojim tekstovima o putu postupnog napredovanja i razvio vlastiti oblik obreda, dimnu \u017ertvu <em>sur<\/em>. Figura <em>yidaka<\/em>, kako se preta zove na tibetanskom, duboko je usa\u0111ena u svijest, jer se kota\u010d \u017eivota vidi na ulazu u svaki samostan.<\/p><p>U Japanu je gladni duh naposljetku dobio kulturno-povijesno zna\u010dajan izraz u djelu <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> te je ostao prisutan u festivalu Obon. Pojam <em>gaki<\/em> u modernom japanskom postao je i razgovorna psovka za nezaja\u017eljivo ili neposlu\u0161no dijete, dokaz koliko je duboko religijska predod\u017eba prodrla u svakodnevni jezik.<\/p><p>Ova kulturna raznolikost pokazuje da preta nije ostao kruta doktrinarna figura, ve\u0107 je postao \u017eiv i prilagodljiv element budisti\u010dkog svijeta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daljnje poveznice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preporu\u010dene interne poveznice:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149378\">Budizam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149384\">Mara<\/a>, Yamad\u016bta, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149387\">\u010duvari Naraka<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149389\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149390\">Gui<\/a> (Kina), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149383\">Pishacha<\/a> (hinduizam), paralele<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149322\">Edimmu<\/a> (Edimmu kao motiv prethodnika)<\/li><li>Festival Ullambana\/Obon<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izvori i literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Izbor klju\u010dnih radova o preti:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Gehman, Henry S.: <em>Petavatthu. Stories of the Departed<\/em>. Oxford 1942.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Robert J.: <em>Ancestor Worship in Contemporary Japan<\/em>. Stanford 1974.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cuevas, Bryan J.: <em>Travels in the Netherworld. Buddhist Popular Narratives of Death and the Afterlife in Tibet<\/em>. Oxford 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gombrich, Richard: <em>Precept and Practice<\/em>. Oxford 1971.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Ostala standardna djela u <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hr\/?page_id=149465\">popisu literature<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-preta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Ovdje opisana za\u0161titna praksa religijskoznanstveni je prikaz povijesnih tradicija. iWell Guard nastavlja se na ovu kulturnopovijesnu liniju nosivih za\u0161titnih predmeta i predstavlja njezin suvremeni oblik. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Vi\u0161e o iWell Guardu \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efee16 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7efee16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2508526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010cesto postavljana pitanja o Preti<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>\u0160to su prete u budizmu?<\/h3><p>Preta (sanskrt za razne, na tibetanskom Yi-dvags) su u budizmu gladni duhovi, jedno od \u0161est podru\u010dja postojanja u kojima se odvija preporod. To su bi\u0107a s prevelikim \u017eelucem i si\u0107u\u0161nim ustima ili grlom tankim kao igla: nikada se ne mogu zasititi, jer se svaka hrana pretvori u pepeo \u010dim do\u0111e do njihovih usta.<\/p><p>U Bhava\u010dakri (tibetanskom kolu \u017eivota) prikazani su na tipi\u010dan ikonografski na\u010din. Karmi\u010dki uzrok su \u0161krtost, pohlepa i sebi\u010dnost tijekom \u017eivota: onaj koji je drugima uskra\u0107ivao hranu, u sljede\u0107em \u017eivotu preporodit \u0107e se kao gladni preta.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>\u0160to je budisti\u010dki festival gladnih duhova?<\/h3><p>Festival gladnih duhova (kineski Yulanpen, japanski Obon, korejski Baekjung) jedan je od najva\u017enijih narodnih budisti\u010dkih blagdana u isto\u010dnoj Aziji, koji se slavi u sedmom lunarnom mjesecu. Njegovo podrijetlo se\u017ee do pri\u010de o Maudgaly\u0101yani, Buddhinom u\u010deniku koji svoju majku pronalazi u carstvu Preta i ne mo\u017ee je izravno hraniti.<\/p><p>Buddha ga pou\u010dava da \u017ertvene darove upu\u0107ene sanghi (zajednici monaha) na kraju ki\u0161nog povla\u010denja gladni duhovi mogu primiti. Iz toga je nastao veliki isto\u010dnoazijski festival s darovima za pokojne, plesnim izvedbama (Bon Odori) i simboli\u010dnim pu\u0161tanjem lampiona na vodu.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was sind Pretas im Buddhismus?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Preta (sanskrt za razne, na tibetanskom Yi-dvags) su u budizmu gladni duhovi \\u2014 jedno od \u0161est podru\u010dja postojanja u kojima se odvija preporod. To su bi\u0107a s prevelikim \u017eelucem i si\u0107u\u0161nim ustima ili grlom tankim kao igla: nikada se ne mogu zasititi, jer se svaka hrana pretvori u pepeo \u010dim do\u0111e do njihovih usta. U Bhava\u010dakri (tibetanskom kolu \u017eivota) prikazani su na tipi\u010dan ikonografski na\u010din. Karmi\u010dki uzrok su \u0161krtost, pohlepa i sebi\u010dnost tijekom \u017eivota \\u2014 onaj koji je drugima uskra\u0107ivao hranu, u sljede\u0107em \u017eivotu preporodit \u0107e se kao gladni preta.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was ist das buddhistische Hungergeisterfest?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Festival gladnih duhova (kineski Yulanpen, japanski Obon, korejski Baekjung) jedan je od najva\u017enijih narodnih budisti\u010dkih blagdana u isto\u010dnoj Aziji \\u2014 slavi se u sedmom lunarnom mjesecu. Njegovo podrijetlo se\u017ee do pri\u010de o Maudgaly\\u0101yani, Buddhinom u\u010deniku koji svoju majku pronalazi u carstvu Preta i ne mo\u017ee je izravno hraniti. Buddha ga pou\u010dava da \u017ertvene darove upu\u0107ene sanghi (zajednici monaha) na kraju ki\u0161nog povla\u010denja gladni duhovi mogu primiti. Iz toga je nastao veliki isto\u010dnoazijski festival s darovima za pokojne, plesnim izvedbama (Bon Odori) i simboli\u010dnim pu\u0161tanjem lampiona na vodu.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1678,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Preta","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Preta \u2013 gladni duh s grlom tankim kao u\u0161ica igle","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Preta (pali: Peta) jedna je od najupe\u010datljivijih pojava budisti\u010dke kozmologije. Gladni duh s naduvenim trbuhom i grlom tankim kao u\u0161ica igle","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-149386","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Preta \u2013 gladni duh s grlom tankim kao u\u0161ica igle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Preta (pali: Peta) jedna je od najupe\u010datljivijih pojava budisti\u010dke kozmologije. 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