{"id":47954,"date":"2026-07-29T20:36:34","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T20:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tsongkhapa-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-29T20:36:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T20:36:57","slug":"tsongkhapa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hi\/tsongkhapa\/","title":{"rendered":"Tsongkhapa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"47954\" class=\"elementor elementor-47954 elementor-3052\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff07ec5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ff07ec5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2587cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2587cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2283551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2283551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c119749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c119749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e, \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f77872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f77872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c85aa6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c85aa6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0926\u0947\u0935\/\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940: \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 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aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 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\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937&#8221; \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0908\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0920 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0926\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>16 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u090f, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0917\u092b\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0925\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0930\u0949\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 &#8220;Life and Teachings of Tsong Khapa&#8221; (1982) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u091a\u0947\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p><p>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span>-\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u092a\u093e \u0917\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0928 \u0925\u0947, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0916\u0947\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0941\u092a \u091c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u092c \u091c\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f64bbb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f64bbb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f9ab83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f9ab83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915-\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bbbea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bbbea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094d <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 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\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925; \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span>-\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e-\u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0920-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 &#8220;\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b&#8221; \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8220;\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u092a\u093e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925&#8221;, \u091c\u094b 1402 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>Donald Lopez \u0914\u0930 Joshua Cutler \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0920\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157b82d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"157b82d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b04173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b04173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8154cdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8154cdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e\u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 &#8220;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915-\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915&#8221; (prasangika-madhyamaka) \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e&#8221; (\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101) \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 &#8220;\u0927\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u093e \u0930\u092c \u0917\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0932&#8221; (&#8220;\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e&#8221;) \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e-\u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n \u0928\u0947 &#8220;A Dose of Emptiness&#8221; (1992) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915-\u092c\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0947 &#8220;\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8221; \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3deba7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3deba7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea81549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea81549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b27c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0b27c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925; \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span>-\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 &#8220;\u0938\u094d\u0919\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u094b&#8221; (&#8220;\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u092a\u093e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925&#8221;, 1405) &#8220;\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b&#8221; \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-, \u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e-, \u092f\u094b\u0917- \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930- \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0915-\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e-\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964 Christian Wedemeyer \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915-\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b335914 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b335914\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd96f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd96f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0920 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a857d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a857d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0938\u0928\u094d 1409 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0928\u0947 &#8220;\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0932\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b&#8221;, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d &#8220;\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 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class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u092e\u0920-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83c8358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83c8358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u092f, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940, \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092c\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 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\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 &#8220;\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0947-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e&#8221; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 &#8220;\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0947 \u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e&#8221; \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964 Donald Lopez \u0928\u0947 &#8220;The Madman&#8217;s Middle Way&#8221; (2006) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b3008 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29b3008\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-890b427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"890b427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fb4c24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u0928 1419 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0920 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0935 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0920 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0924\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 18 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0902 \u0914\u0930 17\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940\u0902; \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 &#8220;\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b&#8221; \u092a\u0930 100 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0930\u091a\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928, \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0938\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e 25\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u093f\u0928, \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 &#8220;\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0919\u092e\u094d\u091b\u094b&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0916\u0928-\u0926\u0940\u092a \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0924 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><p>Geoffrey Samuel \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0949\u092e\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u092c\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u0940 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0948\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0921\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d3352 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"91d3352\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432921e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"432921e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u094b\u0927<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15be08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d15be08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u092a\u093e\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0935\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u091f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u092a\u0930 20\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 Giuseppe Tucci \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0906 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>David Snellgrove, Robert Thurman, Donald Lopez, Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n \u0914\u0930 Jan-Ulrich Sobisch \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u093e &#8220;\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b&#8221; \u0906\u091c \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928-\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 14\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u0903 &#8220;\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b&#8221; \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947, \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d55238 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d55238\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9b9305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f9b9305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80b5746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80b5746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0947 &#8220;\u0917\u094d\u0938\u0941\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u092c\u0941\u092e&#8221; (&#8220;\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901&#8221;) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u092a\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0939 \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 210 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><p>&#8220;\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b&#8221; (&#8220;\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u092a\u093e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925&#8221;, 1402) \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u0919\u093e\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b&#8221; (&#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930-\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930; \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964\" tabindex=\"0\">\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u092a\u093e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925&#8221;, 1405) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 &#8220;\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u0919\u0947\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0917\u094d\u0938-\u092c\u0936\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0902\u0917-\u092a\u094b&#8221; (&#8220;\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930&#8221;, 1408), &#8220;\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0907 \u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0936\u094b&#8221; (&#8220;\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930&#8221;, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e) \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902\u0917 \u091b\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u094b&#8221; (\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0947\u0928\u092e\u094b \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925) \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><p>Robert A. F. Thurman \u0928\u0947 &#8220;Tsongkhapa&#8217;s Speech of Gold in the Essence of True Eloquence&#8221; (Princeton 1984) \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u0919\u0947\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0917\u094d\u0938-\u092c\u0936\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0902\u0917-\u092a\u094b&#8221; \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e-\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e; Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Cabez\u00f3n \u0928\u0947 &#8220;A Dose of Emptiness&#8221; (Albany 1992) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 mKhas-grub-rje \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 &#8220;Sera Jey Library&#8221; \u0914\u0930 &#8220;Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center&#8221; (TBRC, 1999 \u0938\u0947 E. Gene Smith \u0915\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 Donald S. Lopez Jr. \u0928\u0947 &#8220;The Madman&#8217;s Middle Way&#8221; (Chicago 2006) \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917-\u0939\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0928\u0947\u092f\u0941\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e-\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u0935 \u0925\u0940: \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917-\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094d-\u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0940\u0938\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e02b96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e02b96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5134f5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5134f5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\" \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0924\u092d\u0947\u0926<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce88a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ce88a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0935\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 (svatantra-anum\u0101na, \u0924\u093f\u092c. &#8220;\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0926&#8221;) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 (prasa\u1e45ga) \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e &#8220;\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902\u0917 \u091b\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u094b&#8221; \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0907 \u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0936\u094b&#8221; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928-\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0940\u0902: \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f-\u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094b\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e \u0938\u094b\u0928\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 (1429 \u0938\u0947 1489) \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u091b\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928 (1428 \u0938\u0947 1507) \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 15\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 16\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/p>\n<p>Cabez\u00f3n \u0914\u0930 Geshe Lobsang Dargyay \u0928\u0947 &#8220;Scholasticism&#8221; (Albany 1998) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915-\u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n \u0928\u0947 &#8220;Freedom from Extremes&#8221; (Somerville 2007) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f &#8220;lTa ba&#8217;i shan &#8216;byed&#8221; (&#8220;\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926&#8221;) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p><p>Janet Gyatso \u0928\u0947 &#8220;Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies&#8221; (\u0916\u0902\u0921 27, 2004) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0940, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f 17\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0920-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b68be83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b68be83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fd2180 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fd2180\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u092c\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55c1090 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55c1090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0926\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b 11\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u0949\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0940, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092d\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0940\u0964<\/p><p>\u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092a\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 17\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924\u0964 Klaus-Dieter Mathes \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e, \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0916\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0932\u094b\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0917\u092a\u093e (1357 \u0938\u0947 1419) \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u0920-\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 &#8220;\u0938\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0941\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f&#8221; \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e 17\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0932\u093e\u0908 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