{"id":195032,"date":"2026-09-07T09:38:28","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=195032"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","slug":"hefesto","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/hefesto\/","title":{"rendered":"Hefesto"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"195032\" class=\"elementor elementor-195032 elementor-2978 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bd68ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6bd68ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-322df7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"322df7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a8b23c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a8b23c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f442e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f442e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hefesto, deus ferreiro grego<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60eebce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60eebce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hefesto \u00e9 un deus ferreiro grego e o mestre do lume art\u00edstico, ao que se lle atrib\u00faen as obras m\u00e1is fermosas dos deuses ol\u00edmpicos. Hefesto \u00e9, no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de deuses dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span> grego, o deus da arte da forxa, do lume e da invenci\u00f3n artesanal.<\/p><p>A diferenza de Atena Ergane, que protexe o lado intelectual e planificador do oficio, Hefesto representa o dominio pr\u00e1ctico da materia: o control do lume e a fusi\u00f3n, forxa, martelado e fundici\u00f3n do metal.<\/p><p>En Homero leva o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un alcume fixo que caracteriza a unha divindade ou figura.\" tabindex=\"0\">ep\u00edteto<\/span> \u00abamphigyeeis\u00bb, \u00abde p\u00e9s coxos\u00bb, e \u00abkyllopodion\u00bb, \u00abcoxo\u00bb. A s\u00faa discapacidade forma parte do seu perfil m\u00e1is antigo e non ten ningunha connotaci\u00f3n moral ou negativa; ao contrario, m\u00e1rcao como un artista excepcional, cuxas obras compensan o que o seu corpo perde en mobilidade.<\/p><p>O seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de acci\u00f3ns de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dedicadas a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> est\u00e1 ben documentado nas illas volc\u00e1nicas de Lemnos e Sicilia, en Atenas e nos centros de talleres helen\u00edsticos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-294bf3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"294bf3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d04c11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5d04c11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Deus \/ Deusa: Poder supremo personificado no pante\u00f3n dunha cultura, con competencias claras \u2014 forzas naturais, destino, guerra, fertilidade. Venerado mediante cultos, ofrendas e instituci\u00f3ns de templo.\">Deus<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/grecia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Relixi\u00f3n e mitolox\u00eda da Grecia antiga, desde a \u00e9poca mic\u00e9nica at\u00e9 a Antig\u00fcidade tard\u00eda.\">Grecia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ba00c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ba00c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32fe886 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"32fe886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Non se atoparon t\\u00edtulos nesta p\\u00e1xina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__32fe886\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__32fe886\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__32fe886\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a93e4c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a93e4c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3035918 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3035918\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_hephaistos-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-196738\" alt=\"Hefesto - Deuses da tradici\u00f3n grega, ilustraci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_hephaistos-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_hephaistos-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_hephaistos-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_hephaistos.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a84155 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a84155\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b5bf46 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b5bf46\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53e34cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53e34cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mito e xenealox\u00eda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0eeb5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0eeb5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sobre a orixe de Hefesto existen d\u00faas tradici\u00f3ns en competencia. En Hes\u00edodo (Teogon\u00eda 927-929), nace s\u00f3 de Hera, como resposta desafiante ao nacemento partenoxen\u00e9tico de Atena da cabeza de Zeus. Esta versi\u00f3n fai del un fillo exclusivo de Hera, sen participaci\u00f3n do pai dos deuses.<\/p><p>Unha segunda tradici\u00f3n en Homero (Il\u00edada I, 578 e XIV, 338) o nomea fillo de ambos, Zeus e Hera. A versi\u00f3n hesi\u00f3dica \u00e9 a m\u00e1is antiga desde o punto de vista da historia relixiosa e mellor documentada; encaixa coa funci\u00f3n de Hefesto como figura ferreira independente, cuxa relaci\u00f3n cos reis ol\u00edmpicos permanece distante.<\/p>\n<p>A s\u00faa discapacidade expl\u00edcase en d\u00faas historias de ca\u00edda. A primeira, en Homero (Il\u00edada I, 590-594), conta como Zeus o botou do Olimpo porque Hefesto interve\u00f1u do lado de Hera nunha disputa dos seus pais; caeu durante un d\u00eda enteiro, at\u00e9 chegar a Lemnos, gravemente ferido, onde foi recollido polos sintios.<\/p><p>A segunda versi\u00f3n, tam\u00e9n en Homero (Il\u00edada XVIII, 395-405), inverte a orde: a propia Hera bota ao seu fillo recentemente nacido do Olimpo, por ter nacido coxo; Tetis e Eur\u00ednome rec\u00f3llelo e esc\u00f3ndeno durante nove anos nunha gruta no Oceano, onde aprende o seu oficio de ferreiro.<\/p>\n<p>A esposa de Hefesto \u00e9, en Homero (Odisea VIII, 266-366), Afrodita; en Hes\u00edodo e na tradici\u00f3n posterior, Aglaia, a m\u00e1is xove das C\u00e1rites. Con Atena xera, na tradici\u00f3n local \u00e1tica, ao rei aut\u00f3ctono Erictonio, sen que se produza unha uni\u00f3n regular.<\/p><p>A paternidade de Erictonio \u00e9 significativa porque insire a Hefesto na narrativa fundacional de Atenas e convi\u00e9rtelo no verdadeiro xenitor da li\u00f1axe rexia ateniense, xunto a Atena como nai adoptiva.<\/p>\n<p>Na tradici\u00f3n posterior aparecen m\u00e1is fillos: o cabiro argivo Cabiro, ao que se vinculan os misterios subterr\u00e1neos de Lemnos e Samotracia, as\u00ed como os fillos malignos e estridentes Cabiroi, segundo Estrab\u00f3n. A trav\u00e9s destas conexi\u00f3ns, Hefesto conv\u00e9rtese na figura central da capa relixiosa mist\u00e9rica m\u00e1is antiga da relixi\u00f3n grega, moito m\u00e1is al\u00e1 da s\u00faa funci\u00f3n ol\u00edmpica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b2f2eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b2f2eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd6f7bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd6f7bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00edmbolos, iconograf\u00eda e atributos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1812d33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1812d33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hefesto adoita representarse con martelo, tenaces e forxa de aire, \u00e1s veces sentado nun escano, xa que a s\u00faa discapacidade dificulta permanecer de p\u00e9 por longo tempo. Leva un gorro de feltro en forma de cono, o \u00abpilos\u00bb, tocado caracter\u00edstico dos artes\u00e1ns, que o distingue dos ol\u00edmpicos que van coa cabeza descuberta.<\/p><p>O seu quit\u00f3n \u00e9 curto, moitas veces cubrindo s\u00f3 un ombreiro (exomis), como o levaban os traballadores. Na pintura de vasos \u00e1ticos dos s\u00e9culos sexto e quinto aparece con frecuencia acompa\u00f1ado de s\u00e1tiros, m\u00e9nades e Dioniso, coa que se representa xuntos o seu regreso ao Olimpo.<\/p>\n<p>O seu taller sit\u00faase tradicionalmente baixo terra, no interior dos volc\u00e1ns Lemnos, Hiera (Hefestia, actual Vulcano) e Etna.<\/p><p>No taller hom\u00e9rico os axudantes non son mortais, sen\u00f3n m\u00e1quinas autom\u00e1ticas: doncelas de ouro que pensan, falan e traballan coma seres vivos (Il\u00edada XVIII, 417-420), e tre\u00edpodes ardentes con rodas que rolan por si soas at\u00e9 a sala de asemblea dos deuses. Esta visi\u00f3n temper\u00e1 da automotividade t\u00e9cnica \u00e9 un dos testemu\u00f1os m\u00e1is antigos dunha rob\u00f3tica m\u00edtica na literatura europea.<\/p>\n<p>Entre as obras m\u00e1is c\u00e9lebres de Hefesto at\u00f3pase o novo escudo de Aquiles (Il\u00edada XVIII, 478-608), no cuxo programa de imaxes Hefesto representa o mundo enteiro, desde a cidade en paz at\u00e9 a cidade en guerra, desde a festa da colleita at\u00e9 a voda; as cadeas inquebrantables coas que Prometeo \u00e9 acorrentado ao C\u00e1ucaso (\u00c9squilo, Prometeo encadeado 1-87); o carro do sol de Helios; a exida de Zeus e de Atena; o broche peitoral de Harmon\u00eda, que traer\u00e1 a desgraza \u00e1 s\u00faa li\u00f1axe; e o xigante de bronce Talos, que garda a illa de Creta (Apolonio de Rodas IV, 1638-1693).<\/p>\n<p>A representaci\u00f3n escult\u00f3rica de Hefesto na \u00e9poca cl\u00e1sica \u00e9 m\u00e1is rara que a dos outros ol\u00edmpicos, porque a s\u00faa modestia artesanal parec\u00eda contradicir a arquitectura sacra monumental. Unha excepci\u00f3n \u00e9 o grupo de Atena e Hefesto que Alc\u00e1menes creou para o Hefesteion na \u00c1gora de Atenas; hoxe s\u00f3 se pode reconstru\u00edr a trav\u00e9s de descrici\u00f3ns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db3a61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7db3a61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c800a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c800a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Culto e veneraci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dafffc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dafffc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En Atenas, Hefesto ti\u00f1a unha funci\u00f3n central como deus protector dos artes\u00e1ns. As Chalkeia, celebradas o \u00faltimo d\u00eda do mes de Pianopsi\u00f3n (outubro\/novembro), eran a festa conxunta de Hefesto e Atena Ergane. Nese d\u00eda, as tecedoras da Acr\u00f3pole comezaban o novo Peplos para as Panateneas.<\/p><p>Unha procesi\u00f3n festiva dos artes\u00e1ns marchaba desde o Hefaisti\u00f3n, na \u00c1gora, cara \u00e1 Acr\u00f3pole. Pausanias (I, 14, 6) relata que ao p\u00e9 do templo se ergu\u00eda unha oliveira sagrada, que supostamente crecera do bast\u00f3n de Erictonio.<\/p>\n<p>Unha festa propia de Hefesto eran as Apaturias, das fratr\u00edas de Atenas, na cal, no terceiro d\u00eda (Koureotis) da festa familiar, cada fillo dun cidad\u00e1n ofrec\u00eda a Hefesto unha antorcha para a s\u00faa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Paso ritual polo cal algu\u00e9n \u00e9 admitido nun novo estatus ou nunha comunidade.\" tabindex=\"0\">iniciaci\u00f3n<\/span>.<\/p><p>A carreira de antorchas de Hefaistia (unha corrida de antorchas desde a Academia at\u00e9 a cidade) era unha das competici\u00f3ns atl\u00e9ticas m\u00e1is antigas de Atenas e estaba especialmente asociada a Hefesto. Os vencedores recib\u00edan l\u00e1mpadas de barro coa representaci\u00f3n do deus ferreiro.<\/p>\n<p>Lemnos foi o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de actos rituais de veneraci\u00f3n dedicados a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> a Hefesto m\u00e1is antigo e m\u00e1is marcado. Na illa volc\u00e1nica, as fumarolas do monte Moschylos consider\u00e1ronse a proba visible da s\u00faa forxa.<\/p><p>Unha vez ao ano apag\u00e1banse todos os lumes da illa e mant\u00ed\u00f1anse nove d\u00edas nunha fase ritual de pureza; despois, un barco tra\u00eda desde o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lugar sagrado dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuario<\/span> de Delos un lume novo e puro at\u00e9 Lemnos, co que se volv\u00edan encender os lumes do fogar e da forxa (Fil\u00f3strato, Heroikos 28, 6).<\/p><p>Este per\u00edodo era co\u00f1ecido como a \u00abacci\u00f3n lemnia\u00bb, en lembranza da m\u00edtica acci\u00f3n das mulleres de Lemnos, cando as lemnias mataron os seus homes, o que deixou a illa \u00abimpura\u00bb at\u00e9 que Hefesto propiciou a reconciliaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>En Sicilia, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de actos rituais de veneraci\u00f3n dedicados a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> estaba vinculado ao Etna. As illas ao norte de Sicilia (L\u00edpari, Vulcano, Estr\u00f3mboli) foron interpretadas en \u00e9poca helen\u00edstica como forxas de Hefesto; P\u00edndaro (P\u00edticas I, 17-28) fai que o deus, baixo o Etna, mante\u00f1a preso ao xigante Tif\u00f3n.<\/p><p>En Olimpia, Hefesto figuraba na serie dos doce altares dos deuses ol\u00edmpicos; en Argos compart\u00eda un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n dedicada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> coas Erinias. As adaptaci\u00f3ns it\u00e1licas levaron o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de actos rituais de veneraci\u00f3n dedicados a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span>, baixo o nome de Vulcano, tam\u00e9n ao pante\u00f3n romano.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-982fabe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"982fabe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe321dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe321dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Santuarios e templos importantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53f69ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53f69ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n dedicada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> de Hefesto m\u00e1is importante que se conserva at\u00f3pase na colina noroeste da \u00c1gora ateniense, o Hefaisti\u00f3n. Constru\u00eddo entre os anos 449 e 415 antes da nosa era, \u00e9 o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n dedicada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> d\u00f3rico mellor conservado de Grecia; a s\u00faa conservaci\u00f3n d\u00e9bese \u00e1 s\u00faa transformaci\u00f3n nunha igrexa dedicada a san Xurxo no s\u00e9culo VII.<\/p><p>As metopas mostran feitos de Heracles e de Teseo; no interior gard\u00e1base o grupo de bronce de Atena e Hefesto de Alc\u00e1menes. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n dedicada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> serviu at\u00e9 o s\u00e9culo XIX como cemiterio para viaxeiros brit\u00e1nicos, do cal dan testemu\u00f1a numerosas lousas sepulcrais.<\/p>\n<p>En Lemnos, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lugar sagrado dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuario<\/span> de Hefesto atop\u00e1base en Hefaistia, na costa norte da illa. As investigaci\u00f3ns arqueol\u00f3xicas de escolas italianas, desde a d\u00e9cada de 1930, documentaron o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lugar sagrado dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuario<\/span>; foi punto de reuni\u00f3n da poboaci\u00f3n pregrega dos \u00absintios\u00bb e despois da poboaci\u00f3n grega. No teatro e no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lugar sagrado dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuario<\/span> do Cabirion p\u00f3dense constatar referencias a Hefesto en numerosas inscrici\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n<p>Nas illas L\u00edpari, Hiera, a actual illa de Vulcano, era na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca da cultura grega e romana, desde aproximadamente o ano 800 a.C. at\u00e9 o 600 d.C.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antig\u00fcidade<\/span> un lugar consagrado a Hefesto; a actividade volc\u00e1nica consider\u00e1base a confirmaci\u00f3n visual da forxa. Estrab\u00f3n (VI, 2, 11) describe as erupci\u00f3ns regulares como golpes r\u00edtmicos de forxa.<\/p><p>En Argos, Hefesto compart\u00eda cas Erinias un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un lugar sagrado dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuario<\/span>, que Pausanias (II, 24, 2) describe coma un pequeno centro de culto urbano. En Creta exist\u00eda un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un pequeno lugar sagrado de gardar\u00eda ou de devoci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">santuario menor<\/span> en Olo, onde se veneraba a Hefesto como construtor de Talos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35949e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35949e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8b1db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a8b1db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relatos mitol\u00f3xicos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-704ab8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"704ab8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O mito nupcial de Afrodita e Hefesto \u00e9 a historia m\u00e1is c\u00e9lebre do deus. En Homero (Odisea VIII, 266 a 366) o cantor Dem\u00f3doco relata ante os feacios: Afrodita, infiel ao seu marido coxo, enc\u00f3ntrase con Ares no leito de Hefesto. Helios, o que todo o ve, delata o adulterio.<\/p><p>Hefesto forxa unha rede invisible de fin\u00edsimos f\u00edos de bronce e c\u00f3brea sobre o leito. Sorprendidos in flagranti, os amantes quedan atrapados; Hefesto chama aos deuses do Olimpo, que estoupan na c\u00e9lebre gargallada hom\u00e9rica. Este episodio \u00e9 unha das comedias m\u00e1is antigas da literatura europea e trata a tensi\u00f3n permanente entre a virtude artesanal e a beleza aristocr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relato transmitido sobre deuses, orixes e a orde do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> do trono dourado narra un episodio entre Hera e Hefesto. Hefesto env\u00eda \u00e1 s\u00faa nai, que o expulsara do Olimpo, un trono marabilloso como aparente agasallo de reconciliaci\u00f3n. Hera s\u00e9ntase no trono e queda retida por cadeas invisibles. Os ol\u00edmpicos non conseguen soltar a obra; s\u00f3 Hefesto co\u00f1ece o segredo.<\/p><p>S\u00f3 cando Dioniso emborracha ao deus ferreiro e o leva ao Olimpo montado nun mulo, Hefesto acepta liberar \u00e1 s\u00faa nai. Este \u00abretorno\u00bb de Hefesto ao Olimpo \u00e9 un dos motivos m\u00e1is frecuentes da pintura de vasos \u00e1tica entre o 580 e o 470 antes da nosa era.<\/p>\n<p>No nacemento de Atena, Hefesto desempe\u00f1a o papel de partenio: parte o cranio de Zeus dun golpe de machado, do que xorde Atena en plena armadura (P\u00edndaro, Odas Ol\u00edmpicas VII, 35 a 38).<\/p><p>Esta constelaci\u00f3n paradoxal, na que o ferreiro coxo se converte en axudante do parto da deusa virxe, consid\u00e9rase na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto dos relatos m\u00edticos transmitidos por unha cultura sobre os seus deuses.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolox\u00eda<\/span> comparada un modelo da mediaci\u00f3n entre forma e materia a trav\u00e9s do saber t\u00e9cnico.<\/p>\n<p>O suplicio de Prometeo, narrado no \u00abPrometeo encadeado\u00bb de Esquilo, mostra a Hefesto no seu segundo papel como executor da orde divina. Por orde de Zeus, encadena o tit\u00e1n \u00e1 rocha do C\u00e1ucaso. Pero na traxedia pronuncia a s\u00faa tarefa cunha tristeza manifesta e reco\u00f1ece o seu parentesco co castigado, xa que ambos son deuses do lume. Ademais, cuestiona a dureza do encargo.<\/p><p>Esta escena presenta a Hefesto como un deus eticamente sensible, que obedece a orde pero se sit\u00faa moralmente por riba dela.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bbbada e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9bbbada\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ad772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64ad772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relaci\u00f3ns no pante\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77508df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77508df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A relaci\u00f3n de Hefesto con Hera \u00e9 ambivalente. Por unha banda \u00e9 a s\u00faa nai, moitas veces sen intervenci\u00f3n paterna; por outra, foi ela quen o expulsou do Olimpo. O trono dourado e o seu retorno grazas a Dioniso mostran a reconciliaci\u00f3n entre nai e fillo, posibilitada por unha figura intermediaria (Dioniso).<\/p><p>Con Zeus mant\u00e9n unha relaci\u00f3n profesional: Zeus enc\u00e1rgalle os traballos m\u00e1is pesados (a exida, a creaci\u00f3n de Pandora, o encadeamento de Prometeo), e Hefesto ex\u00e9cutaos sen queixarse, a\u00ednda que \u00e1s veces con certa distancia interior.<\/p>\n<p>Segundo Homero, est\u00e1 casado con Afrodita, e vinculado a Atena polo episodio de Erictonio. Ambas as relaci\u00f3ns evidencian a tensi\u00f3n entre o coxo e as deusas m\u00e1is fermosas do pante\u00f3n.<\/p><p>A uni\u00f3n con Afrodita consid\u00e9rase unha alegor\u00eda c\u00f3smica da uni\u00f3n entre a materia (a arte da forxa) e a forma (a beleza), interpretaci\u00f3n desenvolvida por Plutarco e na tradici\u00f3n neoplat\u00f3nica. A relaci\u00f3n con Atena \u00e9 de \u00edndole pr\u00e1ctica: ambos son patr\u00f3ns dos artes\u00e1ns, e o Hefesteion estaba <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Entregado ao sagrado mediante un acto relixioso, e por iso separado do \u00e1mbito coti\u00e1n.\" tabindex=\"0\">consagrado<\/span> aos dous.<\/p>\n<p>Con Ares existe rivalidade por Afrodita, pero tam\u00e9n unha diferenza profesional: Hefesto forxa as armas, Ares util\u00edzaas. Na pintura de vasos \u00e1tica ambos aparecen con frecuencia como figuras contrapostas no programa iconogr\u00e1fico.<\/p><p>Con Dioniso comparte o episodio do \u00abretorno ao Olimpo\u00bb, unha das escenas divinas m\u00e1is antigas e representadas da arte arcaica. Cos Ciclopes comparte o taller subterr\u00e1neo; consid\u00e9ranse os seus axudantes na forxa das armas ol\u00edmpicas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6941657 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6941657\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4563a45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4563a45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5810fae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5810fae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na relixi\u00f3n romana, Hefesto corresponde a Vulcano, un antigo deus it\u00e1lico do lume cuxo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das pr\u00e1cticas de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dedicadas a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> se concentraba sobre todo no Volcanal, no Foro. As Vulcanalia, celebradas o 23 de agosto, eran unha festa para conxurar o perigo de incendios do final do ver\u00e1n; o programa festivo inclu\u00eda a queima de pequenos peixes, probablemente como ofrenda expiatoria polas semanas de calor.<\/p><p>Virxilio (Eneida VIII, 416 a 453) sit\u00faa o taller de Vulcano na illa de Hiera (Vulcano) e describe a fabricaci\u00f3n das armas para Eneas, unha recepci\u00f3n directa do episodio do escudo de Aquiles na Il\u00edada.<\/p>\n<p>Na Idade Media, Hefesto seguiu presente como alegor\u00eda do oficio da forxa. Boccaccio tr\u00e1tao en \u00abDe genealogia deorum gentilium\u00bb con interpretaci\u00f3ns aleg\u00f3ricas. O Renacemento trouxo novas creaci\u00f3ns iconogr\u00e1ficas coa \u00abForxa de Vulcano\u00bb de Vel\u00e1zquez (1630) e \u00abVulcano sorprende a Marte e Venus\u00bb de Tintoretto.<\/p><p>No Barroco, Rubens e Cortona interpretaron o tema como alegor\u00eda da creaci\u00f3n art\u00edstica; o ferreiro golpeado polo martelo conv\u00e9rtese en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha imaxe expresiva que representa unha idea abstracta.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbolo<\/span> do artista produtivo.<\/p>\n<p>O s\u00e9culo dezaoito viu en Vulcano sobre todo o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha imaxe expresiva que representa unha idea abstracta.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbolo<\/span> da t\u00e9cnica ilustrada, e o s\u00e9culo dezanove o da forxa industrial. Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, en \u00abHiperi\u00f3n\u00bb, converte a Hefesto en patr\u00f3n do traballador do ferro. Karl Marx cita, nas \u00abTeor\u00edas sobre a plusval\u00eda\u00bb, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relato transmitido sobre deuses, orixes e a orde do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> para ilustrar a relaci\u00f3n entre o traballo e o capital.<\/p><p>A investigaci\u00f3n moderna de Marcel Detienne e Jean-Pierre Vernant (\u00abLes ruses de l&#8217;intelligence\u00bb, 1974) situou a Hefesto no concepto m\u00edtico da \u00abmetis\u00bb, a astuta enxe\u00f1osidade inventiva, salientando as\u00ed de novo a s\u00faa dimensi\u00f3n intelectual.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a19d5d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a19d5d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecf1e48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ecf1e48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interpretaci\u00f3n desde a ciencia da relixi\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-263059a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"263059a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A etimolox\u00eda do nome Hefesto (Hephaistos) \u00e9 incerta. Consid\u00e9rase pouco probable unha derivaci\u00f3n indoeuropea; a maior\u00eda dos investigadores, entre eles Robert Beekes, admiten unha orixe pregrega, posiblemente lemnia. As t\u00e1boas mic\u00e9nicas en lineal B non citan ning\u00fan deus con este nome, o que poder\u00eda indicar unha introduci\u00f3n na relixi\u00f3n grega s\u00f3 en \u00e9poca xeom\u00e9trica.<\/p><p>A vinculaci\u00f3n coa illa vulc\u00e1nica de Lemnos e cos sintios non gregos apoia esta hip\u00f3tese.<\/p>\n<p>No contexto relixioso comparado destacan os paralelos co ferreiro hurrita-hitita Hasamil, co ugar\u00edtico Kothar-e-Hasis e co v\u00e9dico Tva\u1e63\u1e6d\u1e5b, todos eles encarnando o perfil do artes\u00e1n divino que forxa as armas dos deuses e que, mediante invenci\u00f3ns singulares, contrib\u00fae a constru\u00edr o mundo m\u00edtico.<\/p><p>A discapacidade do deus ferreiro \u00e9 un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento de contido recorrente na arte ou na narraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> moi estendido: tam\u00e9n o xerm\u00e1nico Wieland, o n\u00f3rdico V\u00f6lundr e o irland\u00e9s Goibniu presentan, en distintos matices, discapacidades f\u00edsicas.<\/p><p>Marcel Detienne e Jean-Pierre Vernant interpretaron este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento de contido recorrente na arte ou na narraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> como marca simb\u00f3lica dun estatus excepcional: o ferreiro sae da traxectoria vital normal e obt\u00e9n as\u00ed un acceso extraordinario \u00e1s forzas elementais do lume e do metal.<\/p>\n<p>Walter Burkert, en \u00abGriechische Religion\u00bb, expuxo a funci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rico-relixiosa de Hefesto como o \u00abLucas\u00bb do pante\u00f3n (comparable a unha funci\u00f3n de santo patr\u00f3n): \u00e9 o deus que sacraliza a produci\u00f3n do taller e que confire ao artes\u00e1n unha dignidade relixiosa propia, xunto \u00e1 nobreza guerreira e \u00e1 clase sacerdotal.<\/p><p>Esta funci\u00f3n explica a s\u00faa forte presenza no culto c\u00edvico ateniense, que entend\u00eda os artes\u00e1ns como membros de pleno dereito da polis. As investigaci\u00f3ns m\u00e1is recentes de Robert Parker reconstru\u00edron a estratificaci\u00f3n social dos devotos de Hefesto en Atenas e mostraron que as Chalkeia e a carreira das antorchas foron sostidas principalmente por metecos e artes\u00e1ns aut\u00f3ctonos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d645446 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d645446\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31b92a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31b92a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etimolox\u00eda e substrato pregrego<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-032d57b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"032d57b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O nome \u00abHephaistos\u00bb (non documentado en mic\u00e9nico, d\u00f3rico \u00abAphaistos\u00bb) \u00e9 etimoloxicamente incerto. Consid\u00e9rase pouco probable unha derivaci\u00f3n indoeuropea; a maior\u00eda dos investigadores, entre eles Robert Beekes, admiten unha orixe pregrega. A vinculaci\u00f3n coa illa vulc\u00e1nica de Lemnos e cos sintios non gregos apoia esta hip\u00f3tese.<\/p><p>Os sintios, que segundo Homero recollen a Hefesto tras a s\u00faa ca\u00edda, consid\u00e9ranse na investigaci\u00f3n unha poboaci\u00f3n pregrega do Exeo norte, posiblemente con v\u00ednculos anatolios ou tracios.<\/p>\n<p>Resulta salientable a ausencia de documentaci\u00f3n mic\u00e9nica. Mentres a maior\u00eda dos deuses ol\u00edmpicos est\u00e1n atestados nas t\u00e1boas en lineal B, Hefesto est\u00e1 completamente ausente dos textos mic\u00e9nicos atopados at\u00e9 o momento.<\/p><p>Isto poder\u00eda indicar que o deus se incorporou ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto dos deuses dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span> grego s\u00f3 despois do colapso da cultura palacial mic\u00e9nica, posiblemente a ra\u00edz dos contactos coas illas vulc\u00e1nicas do Exeo norte e coas divindades ferreiras anatolias da fase de transici\u00f3n da Idade do Ferro.<\/p>\n<p>O parentesco teol\u00f3xico de Hefesto coas divindades ferreiras hurrita-hititas foi estudado sistematicamente por Sandra Blakely (\u00abMyth, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regrada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> and Metallurgy in Ancient Greece and Recent Africa\u00bb, 2006) e por Walter Burkert.<\/p><p>En particular, o hitita \u00abHasamil\u00bb e o hurrita \u00abKothar-e-Hasis\u00bb (chamado Kothar en Ugarit) mostran semellanzas estruturais co Hefesto grego: os tres son creadores das armas dos deuses, os tres presentan un estatus corporal f\u00f3ra do com\u00fan e os tres se localizan en talleres situados en lugares extraordinarios.<\/p><p>Este parentesco suxire unha antiga tradici\u00f3n mediterr\u00e1nea oriental do ferreiro divino, na que se inscribe o Hefesto grego.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11c86b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11c86b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cce63ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cce63ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fontes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-657621d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"657621d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Homero, \u00abIl\u00edada\u00bb I, 571-600 (ca\u00edda do Olimpo), XVIII, 369-617 (escudo de Aquiles); \u00abOdisea\u00bb VIII, 266-366 (Afrodita e Ares). Hes\u00edodo, \u00abTeogon\u00eda\u00bb 927-929 (nacemento). Esquilo, \u00abPrometeo encadeado\u00bb 1-87. P\u00edndaro, \u00abOdas Ol\u00edmpicas\u00bb VII, 35-38. Apolonio de Rodas, \u00abArgon\u00e1uticas\u00bb IV, 1638-1693 (Talos).<\/p><p>Apolodoro, \u00abBiblioteca\u00bb, I, 3, 5 e III, 14, 6 (Erictonio). Pausanias, \u00abDescrici\u00f3n de Grecia\u00bb, I, 14 (Hefesteo), II, 24 (Argos). Virxilio, \u00abEneida\u00bb VIII, 416-453. Walter Burkert, \u00abGriechische Religion\u00bb, Stuttgart 1977. Marcel Detienne, Jean-Pierre Vernant, \u00abLes ruses de l&#8217;intelligence. La m\u00e8tis des Grecs\u00bb, Paris 1974. Karl Ker\u00e9nyi, \u00abDie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das narraci\u00f3ns tradicionais sobre os deuses dunha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitolox\u00eda<\/span> der Griechen\u00bb, Z\u00fcrich 1951.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2983,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hefesto","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hefesto \u2013 Deus ferreiro do lume | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hefesto \u00e9 o deus ferreiro grego, mestre do lume e da arte do artesanato. Fillo de Hera, esposo de Afrodita. 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