{"id":194961,"date":"2026-09-07T09:38:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=194961"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","slug":"reshef-deus-fenicio-peste-guerra","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/reshef-deus-fenicio-peste-guerra\/","title":{"rendered":"Reshef \u2013 Deus fenicio da peste e da guerra"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"194961\" class=\"elementor elementor-194961 elementor-2633 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reshef, Deus fenicio-canaanita da peste e da guerra<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reshef (fenicio <em>r\u0161p<\/em>, ugar\u00edtico <em>r\u0161p<\/em>) \u00e9 o deus fenicio-canaanita da peste, da guerra e do arco. Foi venerado no Pr\u00f3ximo Oriente e no Exipto fara\u00f3nico como unha potencia ambivalente: portador de enfermidade e morte, e ao mesmo tempo deus protector contra estes males.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Deus da tradici\u00f3n fenicia.\">Deus<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/fenicios-cartago-baal-tanit\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitolox\u00eda da tradici\u00f3n fenicia.\">Fenicio<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Deus da peste e da guerra.\">Deus da peste e da guerra<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Non se atoparon t\\u00edtulos nesta p\\u00e1xina.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-reshef-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-reshef-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-reshef-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_reshef-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-196788\" alt=\"Reshef - Deuses da Tradici\u00f3n Fenicia, hist\u00f3rico-ilustrativo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_reshef-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_reshef-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_reshef-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_reshef.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-reshef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-reshef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-reshef\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-reshef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-reshef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-reshef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reshef aparece como deus <strong>fenicio-canaanita<\/strong> da peste e da guerra nos textos de Ugarit e do Levante.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Achega e perfil breve<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reshef est\u00e1 entre os deuses m\u00e1is antigos da tradici\u00f3n sem\u00edtica occidental; est\u00e1 documentado en Ebla desde a \u00e9poca altosiria (finais do III milenio a.C.) e permanece activo at\u00e9 o per\u00edodo helen\u00edstico-romano.<\/p><p>Sabatino Moscati demostrou en <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (1966) que Reshef desempe\u00f1a un papel importante en case todos os estados-cidade fenicios; o seu perfil como deus da peste e deus da guerra fai del unha figura ambivalente, temida e ao mesmo tempo invocada como axuda.<\/p><p>Paolo Xella examinou en <em>I testi rituali di Ugarit<\/em> (1981) e Maciej M\u00fcnnich en <em>The God Resheph<\/em> (2013) os textos sobre Reshef de xeito exhaustivo. A monograf\u00eda de M\u00fcnnich \u00e9 o estudo moderno m\u00e1is completo sobre este deus e constit\u00fae a referencia est\u00e1ndar. Dentro da <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/fenicios-cartago-baal-tanit\/\">tradici\u00f3n fenicia<\/a>, Reshef \u00e9 o deus ambivalente protot\u00edpico da enfermidade e da morte violenta.<\/p><p>Desde a perspectiva da historia das relixi\u00f3ns, Reshef pertence \u00e1 familia internacional de deuses das &#8216;frechas da peste&#8217;, presentes en case todas as mitolox\u00edas do Pr\u00f3ximo Oriente: Erra\/Nergal en Mesopotamia, aspectos de deus da peste no Apolo grego, o hetita Yarri e varios outros m\u00e1is. Estes deuses env\u00edan frechas que traen enfermidade e morte, pero tam\u00e9n poden ser invocados como protecci\u00f3n contra estes males. Esta ambivalencia \u00e9 o rasgo clave do perfil de Reshef.<\/p><p>Unha peculiaridade notable de Reshef \u00e9 a s\u00faa vinculaci\u00f3n co cabalo: nos textos ugar\u00edticos aparece ocasionalmente como &#8216;Reshef dos cabalos&#8217;, o que quizais indique unha funci\u00f3n como deus protector das tropas de carros de guerra. Esta amplitude funcional (peste, guerra, cabalo, arco) fai de Reshef un deus complexo con m\u00faltiples aspectos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e etimolox\u00eda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O nome <em>r\u0161p<\/em> \u00e9 sem\u00edtico occidental; a etimolox\u00eda non est\u00e1 definitivamente aclarada. Unha interpretaci\u00f3n plausible relaci\u00f3nao coa ra\u00edz <em>r\u0161p<\/em> &#8216;chama, l\u00f3strego, fa\u00edsca&#8217;, o que concordar\u00eda coa s\u00faa iconograf\u00eda de frecha e peste. En hebreo, <em>re\u0161ef<\/em> aparece como substantivo para &#8216;frecha&#8217; ou &#8216;enfermidade ardente&#8217; (Dt 32,24; Xob 5,7; Ct 8,6), unha herdanza sem\u00e1ntica directa.<\/p><p>Nas inscrici\u00f3ns aparece como <em>r\u0161p<\/em>, con frecuencia con ep\u00edtetos: Reshef-Hagab (&#8216;Reshef do lagosto&#8217;), Reshef-Mlk (&#8216;Reshef o rei&#8217;), Reshef-\u0160uluman (&#8216;Reshef da paz&#8217;). Esta diversidade de ep\u00edtetos reflicte as s\u00faas m\u00faltiples hip\u00f3stases en distintos contextos locais. En Ebla aparece xa no s\u00e9culo XXIV a.C.; en Ugarit \u00e9 un deus prominente.<\/p><p>En Exipto aparece desde o Imperio Novo como &#8216;Reshep&#8217;, importado ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de deuses dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span> exipcio. O fara\u00f3n Amenhotep II (s\u00e9culo XV a.C.) venerouno como deus da guerra e do arco; en numerosas estelas da rexi\u00f3n de Tebas aparece como guerreiro barbudo con casco e arco.<\/p><p>A veneraci\u00f3n exipcia de Reshef \u00e9 un notable exemplo de importaci\u00f3n na historia das relixi\u00f3ns e est\u00e1 tratada extensamente nos estudos de Izak Cornelius (<em>The Iconography of the Canaanite Gods Reshef and Ba\u02bfal<\/em>, 1994).<\/p><p>Tam\u00e9n no material aramaico do I milenio a.C. aparece Reshef en varias inscrici\u00f3ns, por exemplo na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha placa de pedra ou madeira erguida, con inscrici\u00f3ns ou imaxes.\" tabindex=\"0\">estela<\/span> de Bar-Rakib de Sam&#8217;al (s\u00e9culo VIII a.C.). Esta tradici\u00f3n aramaica de Reshef mostra a persistencia da s\u00faa veneraci\u00f3n na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca prehist\u00f3rica posterior \u00e1 Idade do Bronce, marcada polo traballo do ferro.\" tabindex=\"0\">Idade do Ferro<\/span> sem\u00edtica oriental.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descrici\u00f3n e iconograf\u00eda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reshef aparece na iconograf\u00eda sem\u00edtica occidental e exipcia como un home barbudo con taparrabos curto, cun casco ou unha tiara alta e puntiaguda, sostendo nunha man un arco ou unha machada de guerra, e na outra unha lanza ou un escudo.<\/p><p>Unha tradici\u00f3n iconogr\u00e1fica caracter\u00edstica m\u00f3strao coa frecha na man alzada, prestes a disparar; outro tipo de representaci\u00f3n m\u00f3strao cunha cabeza de gacela na fronte.<\/p><p>O seu animal sagrado \u00e9 a gacela; nalgunhas representaci\u00f3ns monta unha gacela ou sux\u00e9itaa polos cornos. A gacela \u00e9 significativa desde a perspectiva da historia das relixi\u00f3ns: representa a rapidez das frechas da peste e o car\u00e1cter fugaz da enfermidade. Tam\u00e9n o cabalo e o touro aparecen ocasionalmente como os seus animais acompa\u00f1antes.<\/p><p>En Exipto, Reshef foi representado con frecuencia xunto con Min (deus exipcio da fertilidade) e Qadeshet (deusa sem\u00edtica do amor, emparentada con Astart\u00e9) formando unha tr\u00edade; esta tr\u00edade &#8216;Reshef-Min-Qadeshet&#8217; aparece en varias estelas de Menfis e Tanis. Esta tr\u00edade exipcia \u00e9 un desenvolvemento hist\u00f3rico propio que non est\u00e1 documentado como tal na Fenicia orixinaria.<\/p><p>Unha tradici\u00f3n iconogr\u00e1fica exipcia particular mostra a Reshef coa caracter\u00edstica coroa &#8216;\u0160sm&#8217; de aneis ou tiaras puntiagudas, unha convenci\u00f3n que o distingue dos deuses exipcios e marca a s\u00faa orixe sem\u00edtica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relatos mitol\u00f3xicos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Case non se conservan mitos propiamente ditos sobre Reshef; tr\u00e1tase principalmente dunha figura c\u00faltico-ritual. Nos textos ugar\u00edticos aparece ocasionalmente como deus mensaxeiro ou da enfermidade, sen unha secuencia narrativa propia. Nas inscrici\u00f3ns fenicias inv\u00f3case como deus da peste e da guerra, sen unha base mitol\u00f3xica.<\/p><p>Un relato fragmentario relaciona a Reshef coas &#8216;Sete Frechas&#8217;, que env\u00eda contra os inimigos de Israel (as\u00ed no material hebreo) ou contra os inimigos dos fenicios (nos textos sem\u00edticos occidentais).<\/p><p>No libro hebreo de Habacuc (Hab 3,5) Reshef aparece como compa\u00f1eiro de Iahv\u00e9, cami\u00f1ando diante do guerreiro divino: &#8216;Diante del vai a peste, e Resef segue os seus pasos.&#8217; Esta dobre aparici\u00f3n \u00e9 relevante desde o punto de vista hist\u00f3rico-relixioso e mostra a persistencia das concepci\u00f3ns sobre Reshef na tradici\u00f3n po\u00e9tica hebrea.<\/p><p>No \u00c9pica de Aqhat e na \u00c9pica de Keret, Reshef \u00e9 invocado ocasionalmente sen actuar como personaxe. Maciej M\u00fcnnich revisou e comentou en <em>The God Resheph<\/em> (2013) todo o material textual dispo\u00f1ible; a escaseza mitol\u00f3xica de Reshef \u00e9 un feito constatado, non unha carencia da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos a trav\u00e9s das xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">transmisi\u00f3n<\/span>.<\/p><p>Na visi\u00f3n teof\u00e1nica de Habacuc (Hab 3,3, 6), Reshef aparece nunha constelaci\u00f3n impresionante: diante de Iahv\u00e9 van &#8216;a Peste&#8217; (Deber) e &#8216;Reshef&#8217; como avanzadas c\u00f3smicas.<\/p><p>Este testemu\u00f1o hebreo tard\u00edo resulta historicamente moi revelador, pois documenta a persistencia das concepci\u00f3ns sobre Reshef na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A doutrina cient\u00edfica sobre Deus e sobre a fe dunha relixi\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">teolox\u00eda<\/span> monote\u00edsta; do deus independente p\u00e1sase aqu\u00ed a un &#8216;mensaxeiro divino&#8217; ou a unha personificaci\u00f3n dos instrumentos de castigo de Iahv\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Culto e veneraci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os principais centros de culto de Reshef en Fenicia foron Biblos, Tiro, Sid\u00f3n, Beirut, Idalion en Chipre e Sarepta. No Exipto fara\u00f3nico foi venerado en Menfis e Tanis; unha &#8216;Cidade de Reshef&#8217; propia (a actual Tell Reshef en Fenicia?) menci\u00f3nase nalg\u00fans textos, pero non se identificou con claridade arqueoloxicamente.<\/p><p>A base de fontes m\u00e1is importante son as estelas e as inscrici\u00f3ns votivas; en Cartago, Motya e Sulcis, Reshef aparece con regularidade como receptor de ofrendas, moitas veces xunto a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/baal-hammon-alto-deus-cartaxines\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/tanit-deusa-suprema-cartago\/\">Tanit<\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/eshmun-deus-curador-de-sidon\/\">Eshmun<\/a>. Charles Krahmalkov, en <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (2001), e Wolfgang R\u00f6llig, nas <em>Kanaan\u00e4ische und aram\u00e4ische Inschriften<\/em>, reuniron os testemu\u00f1os epigr\u00e1ficos m\u00e1is importantes.<\/p><p>No Exipto fara\u00f3nico, Reshef pertenc\u00eda \u00e1 categor\u00eda dos &#8216;deuses asi\u00e1ticos&#8217;, promovidos activamente durante o Reino Novo.<\/p><p>O fara\u00f3n Amenhotep II e os seus sucesores vener\u00e1rono como deus do arco e da guerra; as estelas de Reshef aparecen incluso no \u00e1mbito real, por exemplo nas tumbas reais tebanas. Os fara\u00f3ns identific\u00e1banse con Reshef como figura guerreira e atribu\u00edan o seu poder protector \u00e1 persoa real.<\/p><p>No Exipto fara\u00f3nico, Reshef tam\u00e9n era venerado por particulares; unha famosa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha placa de pedra ou madeira, erguida, con inscrici\u00f3ns ou imaxes.\" tabindex=\"0\">estela<\/span> de Tanis mostra un particular chamado &#8216;Pa-Aper-Reshef&#8217;, que dirixe ao deus unha petici\u00f3n de curaci\u00f3n dunha enfermidade ocular. Esta devoci\u00f3n persoal \u00e9 un indicio importante da difusi\u00f3n popular do culto no Exipto do Reino Novo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e1ctica protectora e elementos apotropaicos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A funci\u00f3n protectora de Reshef ti\u00f1a unha dobre orientaci\u00f3n: protecci\u00f3n contra as enfermidades (sobre todo epidemias, febres e peste) e protecci\u00f3n na guerra. En tempos de peste invoc\u00e1base para po\u00f1er fin \u00e1 epidemia; en tempos de guerra, para conseguir a vitoria sobre os inimigos. Esta funci\u00f3n ambivalente conv\u00e9rtelo no deus apotropaico protot\u00edpico.<\/p><p>De xeito <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Que afasta desgrazas: relativo a signos e obxectos destinados a manter afastadas as influencias dani\u00f1as.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaico<\/span>, coloc\u00e1banse estatu\u00ed\u00f1as e amuletos de Reshef nas casas; atop\u00e1ronse en numerosos sitios fenicios pequenas figuras de bronce dun guerreiro en marcha cun machado erguido. Lev\u00e1banse escaravellos con motivos de Reshef co arco como amuletos protectores persoais. En Ugarit, as frechas de Reshef eran com\u00fans como &#8216;amuletos de frecha&#8217;.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Nos nomes persoais fenicios, os te\u00f3nimos con Reshef son frecuentes: Bod-Reshef, Reshef-Bar, Reshef-Jaton (&#8216;Reshef deu&#8217;). Esta frecuencia mostra a intensa devoci\u00f3n persoal. Desde unha perspectiva cient\u00edfica, a funci\u00f3n protectora ambivalente de Reshef \u00e9 un exemplo da concepci\u00f3n do Antigo Oriente segundo a cal a forza destrutiva e a forza protectora poden residir nunha mesma man. O iWell Guard rexistra a Reshef como figura hist\u00f3rico-relixiosa sen relaci\u00f3n con promesas curativas actuais.<\/p><p>Os amuletos de arco de Reshef estaban entre os obxectos protectores fenicio-exipcios m\u00e1is difundidos. Deposit\u00e1banse en ofrendas funerarias, en vivendas e en templos. A forma \u00e9 normalmente un arco tenso ou un arco con frecha; alg\u00fans levan inscrito o nome de Reshef ou f\u00f3rmulas protectoras fenicias.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelismos noutras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reshef est\u00e1 historicamente moi relacionado con Nergal e Erra en Mesopotamia, ambos deuses da peste e da guerra. Con Erra comparte o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> da frecha e a peste; con Nergal a compo\u00f1ente do inframundo nalg\u00fans textos posteriores.<\/p><p>Tam\u00e9n o hitita Yarri, un deus da peste con arco, est\u00e1 funcionalmente moi relacionado con el; Volkert Haas tratou en <em>Materia Magica et Medica Hethitica<\/em> (2003) a tradici\u00f3n <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/hetita-anatolica-tarhunna-deuses-proteccion\/\">hitita<\/a> dos deuses da peste.<\/p><p>Co grego Apolo, Reshef comparte a compo\u00f1ente do arco e da peste; na Il\u00edada, Apolo dispara frechas de peste contra o ex\u00e9rcito aqueo, unha paralela directa \u00e1 iconograf\u00eda de Reshef. Walter Burkert sinalou en <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> (1984) a probable transmisi\u00f3n do motivo da frecha da peste desde o \u00e1mbito sem\u00edtico occidental \u00e1 tradici\u00f3n grega de Apolo.<\/p><p>No material hebreo, Reshef segue presente como &#8216;re\u0161ef&#8217; para frecha e peste; en Habacuc 3,5 aparece incluso como acompa\u00f1ante divino. Esta presenza persistente das ideas sobre Reshef \u00e9 notable desde o punto de vista da historia das relixi\u00f3ns. Na posterior tradici\u00f3n xud\u00eda e cristi\u00e1 red\u00facese a &#8216;frecha de Deus&#8217; ou &#8216;praga&#8217;, sen divindade propia.<\/p><p>Tam\u00e9n en Idalion, en Chipre, Reshef foi venerado de forma destacada; unha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un texto gravado ou cicelado nun soporte fixo.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscrici\u00f3n<\/span> biling\u00fce de Idalion (s\u00e9culo V a.C., fenicio-grego) identifica a Reshef-Mikal co grego Apolo Amyklaios. Esta identificaci\u00f3n \u00e9 historicamente moi esclarecedora.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepci\u00f3n actual e investigaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A investigaci\u00f3n sobre Reshef at\u00f3pase hoxe nun alto nivel. A monograf\u00eda de Maciej M\u00fcnnich <em>The God Resheph<\/em> (2013) \u00e9 a referencia est\u00e1ndar; o estudo iconogr\u00e1fico de Izak Cornelius (1994) ofrece a historia visual exipcia; Paolo Xella editou os textos rituais de Ugarit. Sabatino Moscati e H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader presentaron importantes contribuci\u00f3ns sobre a veneraci\u00f3n fenicia de Reshef.<\/p><p>Na recepci\u00f3n popular, Reshef \u00e9 co\u00f1ecido sobre todo pola s\u00faa veneraci\u00f3n exipcia e polas alusi\u00f3ns hebraico-b\u00edblicas. Non existe un renacemento espiritual en sentido neopag\u00e1n; este deus ambivalente da peste e da guerra resulta demasiado alleo e teoloxicamente problem\u00e1tico para as formas de devoci\u00f3n modernas.<\/p><p>Cientificamente, Reshef consid\u00e9rase hoxe un obxecto de estudo central para a teolox\u00eda da peste e da guerra no Pr\u00f3ximo Oriente antigo. Os focos actuais da investigaci\u00f3n c\u00e9ntranse na diferenciaci\u00f3n das hip\u00f3stases locais de Reshef, na tr\u00edade exipcia Reshef-Min-Qadeshet e na cuesti\u00f3n das v\u00edas de transmisi\u00f3n cara \u00e1 tradici\u00f3n grega de Apolo. iWell Guard rexistra a Reshef como exemplo da historia das relixi\u00f3ns, sen ningunha relaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica de protecci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>As investigaci\u00f3ns actuais de Maciej M\u00fcnnich e H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader situan a Reshef nun contexto hist\u00f3rico m\u00e1is amplo: como representante dunha familia divina siro-sem\u00edtica occidental cuxa persistencia, desde o III milenio a.C. at\u00e9 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca prehist\u00f3rica posterior \u00e1 Idade do Bronce, marcada polo traballo do ferro.\" tabindex=\"0\">Idade do Ferro<\/span>, constit\u00fae un fen\u00f3meno notable na historia das relixi\u00f3ns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliograf\u00eda e fontes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A seguinte selecci\u00f3n re\u00fane as principais obras de referencia sobre a investigaci\u00f3n de Reshef. Incl\u00fae monograf\u00edas, estudos de iconograf\u00eda, edici\u00f3ns de textos e s\u00edntese hist\u00f3ricas. A monograf\u00eda de M\u00fcnnich \u00e9 o estudo moderno m\u00e1is exhaustivo; Cornelius ofrece a perspectiva iconogr\u00e1fica; Xella a base textual ritual; Moscati o marco hist\u00f3rico-cultural.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21744d88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21744d88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2be1cbf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2be1cbf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reschef na tradici\u00f3n exipcia do Reino Novo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c20c806 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c20c806\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f07db72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2f07db72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unha particularidade de <em>Reschef<\/em> \u00e9 que aparece en dous corpus documentais separados: nos textos sem\u00edticos occidentais da s\u00faa rexi\u00f3n de orixe e, moi extensamente, nos monumentos exipcios do Reino Novo.<\/p><p>Como moi tarde na dinast\u00eda XVIII, Reschef foi adoptado en Exipto, probablemente a trav\u00e9s da estreita relaci\u00f3n militar e pol\u00edtica coa Levante. Os fara\u00f3ns da \u00e9poca ram\u00e9sida gustaban de facerse representar cerca de Reschef, xa que se consideraba un deus guerreiro e poderoso.<\/p><p>Nas estelas exipcias, moitas veces adicadas por particulares, Reschef aparece con unha iconograf\u00eda fixa: un deus en actitude de marcha co brazo levantado, brandindo unha maza ou machado, a mi\u00fado con escudo e lanza, coa coroa do Alto Exipto na cabeza, na cal, no lugar da serpe uraeus, adoita haber unha cabeza de gacela na fronte.<\/p><p>Esta cabeza de gacela consid\u00e9rase un dos trazos identificativos m\u00e1is fiables.<\/p><p>En Exipto a s\u00faa funci\u00f3n transformouse. O deus que tra\u00eda a peste e a morte s\u00fabita converteuse tam\u00e9n nun deus ao que se recorr\u00eda en busca de protecci\u00f3n e curaci\u00f3n. Isto sucedeu en parte formando grupo coa deusa Qadeschu e o deus Min. Esta capa exipcia \u00e9 m\u00e1is rica en fontes que boa parte da tradici\u00f3n levantina, a\u00ednda que mostra a Reschef xa nun contexto alleo.<\/p><p>Quen busque o Reschef &#8220;orixinal&#8221; debe ler os testemu\u00f1os exipcios como unha apropiaci\u00f3n, non como un espello sen filtros.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2858e9e2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2858e9e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c2fb1d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c2fb1d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frecha e peste: Reschef como se\u00f1or da epidemia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d0acbb6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2d0acbb6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28af87e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp28af87e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O n\u00facleo da representaci\u00f3n de Reschef nas fontes sem\u00edticas occidentais \u00e9 a uni\u00f3n entre arco, frecha e peste. Reschef trae enfermidade e morte masiva, imaxinadas como frechas que lanza contra persoas e gando.<\/p><p>Esta representaci\u00f3n pode rastrexarse en varias culturas: nos textos ugar\u00edticos <em>Rashap<\/em> aparece en listas de deuses e textos rituais, mentres que nas fontes mesopot\u00e1micas se relaciona co deus da peste e do inframundo, Nergal.<\/p><p>Especialmente reveladora \u00e9 a Biblia hebrea. Al\u00ed, <em>reschef<\/em> xa non \u00e9 un deus venerado, sen\u00f3n un substantivo com\u00fan ou unha forza desdivinizada. En Habacuc 3,5, Deus sae, e <em>Reschef<\/em> s\u00e9guelle case como un sat\u00e9lite, xunto \u00e1 peste.<\/p><p>Noutras pasaxes, a palabra significa &#8220;brasa&#8221;, &#8220;fa\u00edsca&#8221; ou precisamente a enfermidade da peste que golpea de s\u00fapeto. Esta continuaci\u00f3n b\u00edblica \u00e9 un exemplo cl\u00e1sico de como un deus veci\u00f1o \u00e9 rebaixado polos autores dos textos hebreos a mera forza natural ou imaxe po\u00e9tica.<\/p><p>O simbolismo da frecha vincula a Reschef cun amplo grupo de divindades da peste, como o Apolo de tiro certeiro da poes\u00eda grega arcaica, que ao inicio da Il\u00edada env\u00eda a peste ao campamento grego. Esta paralelismo mencionase con frecuencia na investigaci\u00f3n, pero debe entenderse como unha semellanza tipol\u00f3xica, non como unha dependencia directa. A monograf\u00eda de referencia sobre Reschef \u00e9 de William J. Fulco; complementos importantes acheg\u00e1ronos os traballos de Paolo Xella e Maciej M\u00fcnnich, cuxo extenso estudo revisa criticamente as fontes.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliograf\u00eda (selecci\u00f3n)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Maciej M\u00fcnnich: <em>The God Resheph in the Ancient Near East<\/em> (T\u00fcbingen 2013)<\/li><li>Izak Cornelius: <em>The Iconography of the Canaanite Gods Reshef and Ba\u02bfal<\/em> (Fribourg 1994)<\/li><li>Paolo Xella: <em>I testi rituali di Ugarit<\/em> (Rom 1981)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader: <em>The History and Archaeology of Phoenicia<\/em> (Atlanta 2019)<\/li><li>Wolfgang R\u00f6llig: <em>Kanaan\u00e4ische und aram\u00e4ische Inschriften<\/em> (Wiesbaden, mit Donner)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-reshef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-reshef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-reshef-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-reshef-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das acci\u00f3ns relixiosas de veneraci\u00f3n dedicadas a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span><\/em> a Reshef est\u00e1 documentado desde o terceiro milenio antes de Cristo en Ebla e m\u00e1is tarde en Ugarit, Biblos e Chipre. Como deus da peste e da guerra represent\u00e1base con arco e escudo, considerado propagador de epidemias, pero tam\u00e9n protector dos guerreiros. En Exipto, Reshef foi incorporado ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto dos deuses dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span> oficial baixo Amen\u00f3fis II.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-reshef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-reshef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-reshef-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-reshef-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Segundo as fontes de Ugarit e Cartago, Reshef \u00e9 considerado un deus <em>cananeo<\/em> e <em>fenicio<\/em> da peste e do tiro con arco, cuxo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das acci\u00f3ns relixiosas de veneraci\u00f3n dedicadas a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> se estendeu ao longo da costa levantina e a trav\u00e9s de Chipre at\u00e9 Exipto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termos clave relacionados: Reshef fenicios deus da peste deus do arco guerra gacela Apolo Yarri.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-reshef\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard e tradici\u00f3ns de protecci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard retoma a tradici\u00f3n hist\u00f3rico-cultural dos obxectos de protecci\u00f3n port\u00e1tiles, na tradici\u00f3n do <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/fenicios-cartago-baal-tanit\/\">fenicio<\/a> e de moitas outras culturas de todo o mundo. 41 capas, ouro real, platino, prata, fabricado en Alema\u00f1a. Dereito de devoluci\u00f3n de 30 d\u00edas.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">M\u00e1is sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">M\u00e1is sobre o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">As experiencias persoais poden variar. Non \u00e9 un produto sanitario. Non promete curaci\u00f3n.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-reshef-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-reshef-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>non \u00e9 un produto sanitario<\/strong> e non substit\u00fae ning\u00fan tratamento m\u00e9dico ou psicoterap\u00e9utico. Os contidos relixiosos e cient\u00edficos son unha clasificaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rico-cultural, non unha recomendaci\u00f3n de pr\u00e1ctica espiritual.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2852,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Reshef fenicios deus da peste deus do arco","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Reshef \u2013 Deus fenicio da peste, deus da guerra, culto","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Reshef \u00e9 o deus fenicio-canaanita da peste e da guerra, deus do arco e deus protector. 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