{"id":194845,"date":"2026-09-07T09:37:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:37:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=194845"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","slug":"bannik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/bannik\/","title":{"rendered":"Bannik"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"194845\" class=\"elementor elementor-194845 elementor-2190 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bannik, esp\u00edrito da tradici\u00f3n eslava<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bannik (\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a) \u00e9 o esp\u00edrito dom\u00e9stico da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos ao longo das xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3n<\/span> eslava que domina o ba\u00f1o ou a casa de ba\u00f1os. T\u00e9mese e resp\u00e9ctaselle como <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser sen corpo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae influencia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> ambivalente, que trae tanto protecci\u00f3n coma perigo, e est\u00e1 estreitamente ligado \u00e1 auga, \u00e1 calor e \u00e1 purificaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><h2 id=\"dif-bannik\">Bannik no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regrada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas de significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> da banja<\/h2>\n<p>O Bannik \u00e9 o <strong>esp\u00edrito dom\u00e9stico da casa de ba\u00f1os eslava<\/strong> (en ruso <em>banja<\/em>, en ucra\u00edno <em>laznja<\/em>, en polaco <em>\u0142a\u017ania<\/em>). Habita na cuarta ou terceira <strong>quenda de sauna<\/strong>, a \u00faltima e perigosa rolda despois da medianoite.<\/p><p>As tres primeiras quendas pertencen \u00e1s persoas, a cuarta ao Bannik. Quen entra na casa de ba\u00f1os nese momento arrisca <strong>escaldadura, asfixia ou morte por vapor quente<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1ctica de protecci\u00f3n: deixar na banca ofrendas de auga e alimentos (pan, sal, mel), evitar facer o sinal da cruz (m\u00f3leno), non falar en voz alta.<\/p><p>A <strong>tradici\u00f3n do ritual de nacemento na banja<\/strong> (sobre todo no norte de Rusia e na rexi\u00f3n de Tver) conf\u00eda os recentemente nacidos ao Bannik para a s\u00faa primeira purificaci\u00f3n, en sinal de reco\u00f1ecemento. Figuras emparentadas no mundo dos esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos eslavos: <em>Domowoi<\/em> (esp\u00edrito da casa), <em>Owinnik<\/em> (esp\u00edrito da eira), <em>Dworowoi<\/em> (esp\u00edrito do curral), <em>Polewoi<\/em> (esp\u00edrito do campo), <em>Leshy<\/em> (esp\u00edrito do bosque).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esp\u00edrito: Entidade incorp\u00f3rea ou semicorp\u00f3rea, defuntos, seres da natureza, esp\u00edritos do fogar ou gardi\u00e1ns de limiares. Act\u00faa na vida coti\u00e1, a mi\u00fado ligado a lugares ou familias.\">Esp\u00edrito<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/eslavo\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitolox\u00eda e relixi\u00f3n popular eslava, con superposici\u00f3n cristi\u00e1 a partir do s\u00e9culo X.\">Eslavo<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Non se atoparon t\\u00edtulos nesta p\\u00e1xina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_slawisch_bannik-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-197037\" alt=\"Bannik - Esp\u00edritos da tradici\u00f3n eslava, ilustraci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_slawisch_bannik-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_slawisch_bannik-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_slawisch_bannik-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_slawisch_bannik.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bannik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bannik descr\u00edbese como un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae capacidade de actuar no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> hirsuto e de cabelo gris, que vive na auga quente e no vapor do ba\u00f1o. Pode axudar ao ba\u00f1ista, avisalo ou desperfollalo e arrastralo ao vapor, segundo o trato que se lle dea.<\/p><p>A diferenza dos demos malignos, Bannik non \u00e9 un ser danino en si mesmo, sen\u00f3n un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae capacidade de actuar no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> dom\u00e9stico con regras claras: quen \u00e9 educado e respecta a etiqueta \u00e9 favorecido; quen o ignora ou o ensucia, \u00e9 castigado. A s\u00faa natureza \u00e9 neutral, e as s\u00faas acci\u00f3ns dependen do contexto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil breve: Bannik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bannik est\u00e1 documentado en colecci\u00f3ns etnogr\u00e1ficas da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A cultura popular transmitida con costumes, relatos e canci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclore<\/span> eslavo (Afan\u00e1siev, Rybnikov, S\u00e9chan), pero menos en fontes literarias primarias. Non obstante, viaxeiros e cr\u00f3nicas rusas menci\u00f3nano con escepticismo como exemplo de \u00absuperstici\u00f3n pag\u00e1\u00bb. A s\u00faa difusi\u00f3n \u00e9 panslava: Rusia, Ucra\u00edna, Polonia, Serbia.<\/p><p>Investigadores da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ciencia que estuda a cultura coti\u00e1, os costumes e as crenzas transmitidas.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnograf\u00eda<\/span> como Nora Chadwick e Linda J. Ivanits documentan cultos ao Bannik at\u00e9 o s\u00e9culo XX. A diferenza dos santos cristi\u00e1ns, Bannik \u00e9 unha entidade precristi\u00e1 que perviviu na pr\u00e1ctica popular.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777529086 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777529086\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777529086 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777529086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><em><strong>Diferenciaci\u00f3n co Draugr:<\/strong> A diferenza do <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/draugr\/\">Draugr<\/a> da tradici\u00f3n xerm\u00e1nico-n\u00f3rdica, que aparece como un morto revivido con corpo material, o Bannik \u00e9 un <strong>esp\u00edrito dom\u00e9stico<\/strong>, ser protector da banja eslava (sauna rusa), que interact\u00faa cos que se ba\u00f1an segundo regras de comportamento claras.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contextualizaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O Bannik \u00e9 unha figura da tradici\u00f3n popular viva, menos documentada por escrito que os grandes deuses, pero igualmente real na pr\u00e1ctica vivida. As s\u00faas orixes at\u00f3panse probablemente en rituais cham\u00e1nicos de ba\u00f1o de vapor, com\u00fans aos eslavos xunto con outros pobos n\u00f3rdicos e siberianos.<\/p><p>A propia banja \u00e9 unha instituci\u00f3n antiga, anterior ao cristianismo, e con ela sobreviviu o Bannik. Rexistros etnogr\u00e1ficos dos s\u00e9culos XIX e XX documentan a crenza no Bannik en forma viva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difusi\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O Bannik estaba presente en todos os lugares onde se constru\u00edan banjas, en todo o mundo eslavo oriental, de norte a sur. A banja non \u00e9 s\u00f3 un edificio, sen\u00f3n unha instituci\u00f3n social e espiritual.<\/p><p>O Bannik era o seu operador e gardi\u00e1n invisible. En Finlandia e Escandinavia existen figuras paralelas como o Saunatonttu, o que apunta a unha orixe antiga e transversal \u00e1s culturas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As fontes escritas son escasas; as principais fontes son a tradici\u00f3n popular, as colecci\u00f3ns etnogr\u00e1ficas e as transmisi\u00f3ns orais. O clero cristi\u00e1n menciona o Bannik de forma cr\u00edtica, como exemplo de tolemia pag\u00e1. Pero a mellor evidencia \u00e9 a pr\u00e1ctica continuada da propia banja: un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae capacidade de actuar no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> sen arraigo institucional non ter\u00eda sobrevivido.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denominaci\u00f3n e formas de escritura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O Bannik repres\u00e9ntase como un ser forte e corpulento, de rostro avermellado ou negro e cuberto de sudor. Con frecuencia aparece nu ou s\u00f3 cuberto de follas de \u00e1rbore. Os seus ollos son intensos e por veces de aspecto animal e salvaxe.<\/p><p>Pode aparecer como home, como animal (gato, oso) ou como pura n\u00e9boa de vapor. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signo que representa unha idea ou significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbolo<\/span> sagrado \u00e9 a vasoira de ramas de bidueiro, coa que un mesmo se golpea de forma ritual, un acto de respecto e de recepci\u00f3n da s\u00faa forza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edsticas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O Bannik era moito m\u00e1is que un simple esp\u00edrito dom\u00e9stico: consider\u00e1b ase un sandador e purificador activo. Entr\u00e1base na banja con precauci\u00f3n e con palabras de respecto cara ao Bannik. Un cambio demasiado r\u00e1pido de calor a fr\u00edo pod\u00eda ser mortal; dic\u00edase que era o Bannik quen castigaba \u00e1 persoa.<\/p><p>Quen usaba a calor con sabedor\u00eda e respecto pod\u00eda curarse da enfermidade. As mulleres invocaban o Bannik en partos dif\u00edciles. O golpe coa vasoira de bidueiro era un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regrada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>, non un simple xogo: unha forma de falar co Bannik e activar o seu poder curativo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ficha: Bannik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A ficha amosa Bannik en seis perspectivas: a s\u00faa orixe cultural como esp\u00edrito do fogar, os grupos sociais da s\u00faa veneraci\u00f3n (ba\u00f1istas, familias), a s\u00faa forma f\u00edsica e atributos, as s\u00faas pr\u00e1cticas ambivalentes de protecci\u00f3n e dano, as\u00ed como paralelos noutras culturas. Estas dimensi\u00f3ns revelan o seu papel como gardi\u00e1n de limiares e entidade de purificaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradici\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bannik est\u00e1 xeograficamente ligado ao ba\u00f1o de vapor eslavo (banja), difundido en Europa do Leste. A s\u00faa orixe cultural \u00e9 protoeslava, probablemente prehist\u00f3rica, xa que o ba\u00f1o de vapor ti\u00f1a un papel hixi\u00e9nico e ritual central nas culturas eslavas.<\/p><p>Os testemu\u00f1os escritos son tard\u00edos e maioritariamente pexorativos (cr\u00f3nicas cristi\u00e1s). Desde a historia das relixi\u00f3ns, Bannik ent\u00e9ndese como unha especializaci\u00f3n dun culto xeral aos esp\u00edritos do fogar, diferenciado pola funci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica do ba\u00f1o como espazo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A fase de limiar na transici\u00f3n entre dous estados, por exemplo entre vida e morte, vixilia e so\u00f1o.\">liminal<\/span>-m\u00e1xico.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Destinatarios<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bannik era venerado e temido polos ba\u00f1istas, especialmente por mulleres e parteiras. A banja era un lugar de parto, curaci\u00f3n de doenzas e purificaci\u00f3n ritual; Bannik era o esp\u00edrito protector destas funci\u00f3ns.<\/p><p>As ocasi\u00f3ns inclu\u00edan os primeiros ba\u00f1os dos recentemente nacidos, ba\u00f1os curativos e purificaci\u00f3ns antes de acontecementos importantes (o casamento). A veneraci\u00f3n era pr\u00e1ctica: ofrendas antes de ba\u00f1arse, respecto polo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae influencia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>, cumprimento de tab\u00fas (por exemplo, non insultar). Os mestres do ba\u00f1o e as parteiras ti\u00f1an rituais especiais con Bannik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Representaci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bannik repres\u00e9ntase como un vello ou unha criatura peluda, con cabelo gris, corpo ennegrecido (polo fuligem) e aspecto salvaxe. Os seus atributos son ramas de bidueiro (para golpear no ba\u00f1o), pedras quentes e auga. \u00c1s veces am\u00f3sase rodeado de lume ou nubes de vapor.<\/p><p>En poucas representaci\u00f3ns visuais leva roupa de li\u00f1o \u00e1spero ou vai completamente nu. A iconograf\u00eda \u00e9 inquietante, pero non directamente mal\u00e9vola, m\u00e1is ben unha ferocidade fera que maldade. As cores son o gris, o negro (fuligem) e o vermello (calor).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1mbito de acci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00c1mbito de acci\u00f3n:<\/strong> O <em>Bannik<\/em> (en ruso \u0431\u0430\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a) \u00e9, na crenza popular eslava oriental, o esp\u00edrito protector da banja, a tradicional sauna rusa. Consid\u00e9rase ambivalente: ben\u00e9volo con quen respecta a banja e cumpre as s\u00faas regras, perigoso e imprevisible con quen se comporta con arrogancia.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Os rexistros etnogr\u00e1ficos do s\u00e9culo XIX (como o de Maksimov, <em>Ne\u010distaja, nevedomaja i krestnaja sila<\/em>, 1903) testemu\u00f1an o seu papel central nos rituais curativos campesi\u00f1os, na axuda no parto (as mulleres daban a luz tradicionalmente na banja, o que converteu a Bannik nun silencioso axudante de parto) e nas pr\u00e1cticas divinatorias, especialmente durante as noites sagradas entre o Nadal e o d\u00eda de Reis (<em>svjatki<\/em>).<\/span><\/p><p>A cuarta xeraci\u00f3n de vapor (despois das tres vaporadas \u00abregulares\u00bb da banja) consider\u00e1base a do propio Bannik: quen entraba ent\u00f3n corr\u00eda o risco de sufrir aparici\u00f3ns espectrais.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formas de defensa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bannik \u00e9 ambivalente: protecci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s do respecto, dano a trav\u00e9s do desprezo. A veneraci\u00f3n l\u00e9vase a cabo mediante ofrendas (pan, cervexa, aceite) antes de ba\u00f1arse, cun trato cort\u00e9s e co cumprimento de regras (non maldicir na banja, non pechar a porta con forza).<\/p><p>Os rituais de protecci\u00f3n consist\u00edan en fumigaci\u00f3ns e ofrendas rituais. Contra a ira de Bannik exist\u00edan pr\u00e1cticas apotropaicas como levar un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un obxecto que se leva posto e ao que se lle atrib\u00fae unha funci\u00f3n protectora ou de alonxamento do mal.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuleto<\/span> ou rezar oraci\u00f3ns. As parteiras manti\u00f1an negociaci\u00f3ns rituais con Bannik para asegurar partos seguros. A veneraci\u00f3n era pragm\u00e1tica e transaccional: trato xusto a cambio de seguridade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elementos comparables<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Son comparables outros esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos: o Domovoi eslavo (esp\u00edrito da casa en xeral), o Poltergeist ou os trasnos xerm\u00e1nicos (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser sen corpo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae influencia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> do fogar de feitos ambivalentes), o Tengu xapon\u00e9s (esp\u00edrito do bosque, ambivalente e salvaxe) e a Banshee celta (esp\u00edrito de aviso). Todos comparten a vinculaci\u00f3n a un lugar concreto, a natureza ambivalente e a necesidade dunha negociaci\u00f3n ritual.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bannik, paralelos noutras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O Bannik corresponde ao Saunatonttu fin\u00e9s (o elfo da sauna), ao esp\u00edrito do ba\u00f1o escandinavo e, de xeito m\u00e1is afastado, ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No sinto\u00edsmo xapon\u00e9s, os seres espirituais e poderes divinos venerados.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span> xapon\u00e9s dos onsen (esp\u00edrito das augas termais). A universalidade desta figura en culturas con fortes tradici\u00f3ns de ba\u00f1o de vapor mostra un arraigamento arquet\u00edpico na experiencia f\u00edsica inmediata.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tradici\u00f3n xud\u00eda:<\/strong> No xuda\u00edsmo non existe unha correspondencia directa con Bannik. Non obstante, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00edstica xud\u00eda cuxas obras principais son o Sefer Yetzir\u00e1, o Zohar e a escola luri\u00e1nica.\">cabala<\/span> co\u00f1ece os shedim (demos\/esp\u00edritos) e os maziqim (esp\u00edritos dani\u00f1os), vinculados a certos lugares. Estes son, por\u00e9n, m\u00e1is dani\u00f1os que ambivalentes e transaccionais como Bannik. Non existe unha paralelismo cultural coa especializaci\u00f3n na casa de ba\u00f1os.<\/p><p><strong>Mundo grego-romano:<\/strong> Os esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos da relixi\u00f3n romana (Lares, Penates) asemellan funcionalmente a Bannik como protectores de lugares. Por\u00e9n, os Lares son menos ambivalentes e menos salvaxes. O deus fluvial romano (por exemplo, as n\u00e1iades nos ba\u00f1os) poder\u00eda ser un paralelo remoto, pero non especializado na habitaci\u00f3n do ba\u00f1o de vapor como Bannik.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos a trav\u00e9s das xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3n<\/span> acadia e sumeria ten esp\u00edritos do fogar (udug), pero menos especializados en ba\u00f1os. Os ba\u00f1os mesopot\u00e1micos eran menos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pertencente a unha secuencia de acci\u00f3ns relixiosas establecida.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituais<\/span> centrais que a banja eslava. Non hai paralelos funcionais directos con Bannik.<\/p><p><strong>India\/Asia:<\/strong> No hindu\u00edsmo, os preta e os bhuta son esp\u00edritos similares con poderes ambivalentes, vinculados a lugares espec\u00edficos. O tengu xapon\u00e9s \u00e9 igualmente salvaxe e ambivalente coma Bannik. No feng shui e na crenza chinesa nos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae influencia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edritos<\/span>, existen esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos locais, pero menos ferozmente salvaxes que Bannik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp428f4b5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp428f4b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5f0cf96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5f0cf96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O Bannik na xerarqu\u00eda espiritual dom\u00e9stica dos eslavos orientais<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0ebd068 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0ebd068\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97c064d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp97c064d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O Bannik non \u00e9 un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser sen corpo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> illado, sen\u00f3n parte dun sistema xerarquizado de esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos que a relixiosidade popular eslava oriental proxectaba sobre a granxa labrega. Na cima estaba o <em>Domowoi<\/em>, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser sen corpo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> da casa e do grupo familiar.<\/p><p>Por debaixo del hab\u00eda esp\u00edritos propios de cada edificio da granxa: o <em>Owinnik<\/em> do secadeiro, o <em>Chlewnik<\/em> do establo, o <em>Gumenni\u043a<\/em> da eira e o propio Bannik da casa de ba\u00f1os. Esta divisi\u00f3n reflicte a organizaci\u00f3n espacial e funcional da propiedade, tal como a documentaron os etn\u00f3grafos do s\u00e9culo XIX.<\/p><p>Dentro desta orde, o Bannik ocupaba un lugar particular porque a <em>Banja<\/em> se consideraba un espazo impuro e perigoso. Adoitaba estar \u00e1 marxe, no l\u00edmite da propiedade ou preto da auga, e asoci\u00e1base ao nacemento, \u00e1 enfermidade, \u00e1 morte e aos ritos de paso.<\/p><p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser sen corpo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> que al\u00ed habitaba conside\u0155abase m\u00e1is irascible e hostil que o relativamente bondadoso Domowoi. Mentres ao Domowoi se lle deixaba pan e leite e case se lle trataba como un membro invisible da familia, ao Bannik acheg\u00e1base con cautela e apaciguamento.<\/p><p>A investigaci\u00f3n, por exemplo nos traballos de Dmitrij Selenin e m\u00e1is tarde de Lewkijewskaja, sinalou que o Bannik se situaba estruturalmente entre o esp\u00edrito dom\u00e9stico e o esp\u00edrito salvaxe da natureza. Pertence \u00e1 granxa, pero non est\u00e1 do todo domesticado. Esta posici\u00f3n intermedia explica por que os relatos o describen ora como protector dos que se ba\u00f1an, ora como ameaza mortal.<\/p><p>Nalgunhas rexi\u00f3ns atribu\u00edaselle unha compa\u00f1eira feminina, a <em>Bannaja Babuschka<\/em> ou <em>Obdericha<\/em>, o que suxire a idea dunha parella de esp\u00edritos na casa de ba\u00f1os. O sistema de esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos non era, pois, un esquema fixo, sen\u00f3n que variaba considerablemente segundo a rexi\u00f3n. Pode atopar crenzas relacionadas cos demais <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/eslavo\/\">esp\u00edritos eslavos da granxa<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf2e76eb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf2e76eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4199ddc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4199ddc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Banja como espazo ritual e o Bannik como o seu se\u00f1or<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbc4d00a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpbc4d00a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02af8be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp02af8be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para entender o lugar do Bannik hai que co\u00f1ecer o significado da casa de ba\u00f1os rusa. A <em>Banja<\/em> era moito m\u00e1is que un lugar de hixiene corporal. Serv\u00eda como sala de partos, xa que era un espazo quentable, apartado e ben provisto de auga quente.<\/p><p>Al\u00ed daban \u00e1 luz as mulleres, al\u00ed se trat\u00e1banos enfermos e al\u00ed ti\u00f1an lugar partes dos ritos nupciais, como o ba\u00f1o ritual da noiva na v\u00e9spera do casamento. Esta acumulaci\u00f3n de situaci\u00f3ns de transici\u00f3n converteu a Banja, na l\u00f3xica da relixiosidade popular, nun espazo de limiar onde a fronteira co outro mundo era permeable.<\/p><p>O Bannik era o se\u00f1or deste espazo, e as regras para tratar con el derivaban do seu papel de dono da casa. Nunca se ba\u00f1aba demasiado tarde pola noite nin despois da medianoite, porque ent\u00f3n ba\u00f1\u00e1base o propio Bannik, \u00e1s veces xunto con outros esp\u00edritos impuros.<\/p><p>A terceira ou cuarta rolda de vapor conside\u0155abase en moitos lugares a s\u00faa; quen a\u00ednda estivese na Banja nese momento arrisc\u00e1base a sufocarse co vapor quente, a que lle botasen auga fervendo ou a que lle arrincasen a pel. Estes relatos explicaban, no mundo coti\u00e1n da aldea, accidentes reais causados polo mon\u00f3xido de carbono, a insolaci\u00f3n e o desmaio.<\/p><p>Ao sa\u00edr da Banja daban grazas ao Bannik e deix\u00e1banlle auga, un pouco de xab\u00f3n e un vasoira de bidueiro para que puidese ba\u00f1arse el mesmo. Ao constru\u00edr unha nova Banja, ofrec\u00edase un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e1diva a unha divindade para expresar gratitude, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrificio<\/span> baixo o limiar ou nos alicerces, con frecuencia unha gali\u00f1a negra, \u00e1 que afogaban sen sal e enterraban.<\/p><p>Con isto compraban a benevolencia do esp\u00edrito que \u00eda habitar o novo espazo. Estes sacrificios de construci\u00f3n est\u00e1n documentados en varios gobernos rusos e mostran o estreito v\u00ednculo que se pensaba entre o Bannik e a erecci\u00f3n material do edificio.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd1ae0c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd1ae0c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5cf6ff6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5cf6ff6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adivi\u00f1aci\u00f3n na casa de ba\u00f1os: o Bannik como esp\u00edrito or\u00e1culo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4a9b052 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4a9b052\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2491f65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2491f65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Existe unha capa propia de relatos e pr\u00e1cticas que vincula o Bannik coa adivi\u00f1aci\u00f3n do futuro, especialmente no marco dos ritos adivi\u00f1atorios de Nadal chamados <em>Swjatki<\/em>, os doce d\u00edas entre o Nadal e a Epifan\u00eda.<\/p><p>Nesta \u00e9poca, as mozas en idade de casar acud\u00edan \u00e1 casa de ba\u00f1os \u00e1s escuras para pedirlle ao Bannik un sinal sobre o seu futuro marido. A forma m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida consist\u00eda en estender a man descuberta ou as costas espidas pola porta aberta ou pola boca do forno cara ao interior da Banja.<\/p><p>A interpretaci\u00f3n segu\u00eda un esquema fixo: se tocaba a quen se atrev\u00eda a facelo unha man \u00e1spera, peluda ou fr\u00eda, significaba un home pobre ou desagradable, ou un matrimonio dif\u00edcil. Un contacto suave e c\u00e1lido presaxiaba prosperidade e un marido bondadoso.<\/p><p>Se non se produc\u00eda ning\u00fan contacto, non haber\u00eda casamento ese ano. Esta pr\u00e1ctica est\u00e1 recollida en numerosas colecci\u00f3ns etnogr\u00e1ficas do s\u00e9culo XIX e comezos do XX, e \u00e9 un dos ritos do Bannik mellor documentados que existen.<\/p><p>O atractivo desta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A interpretaci\u00f3n de sinais para descubrir o oculto ou o futuro.\" tabindex=\"0\">adivi\u00f1aci\u00f3n<\/span> resid\u00eda precisamente no seu perigo. A Banja era pola noite o territorio do esp\u00edrito, e expo\u00f1erse a el al\u00ed consider\u00e1base un acto valente e arriscado.<\/p><p>Alg\u00fans relatos advirten de que o Bannik pod\u00eda suxeitar a man ou arrastrar cara dentro a quen se atrevese. A isto un\u00edase a idea de que o verdadeiro co\u00f1ecemento sobre o futuro s\u00f3 se pod\u00eda obter mediante un contacto directo e arriscado co outro mundo.<\/p><p>A investigaci\u00f3n clasificou estes ritos como parte dun complexo maior eslavo oriental de adivi\u00f1aci\u00f3n en limiares e espellos, no que lugares impuros como a casa de ba\u00f1os, o h\u00f3rreo e o cruzamento de cami\u00f1os se consideraban zonas de contacto privilexiadas. Aqu\u00ed o Bannik aparece como un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser sen corpo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> co\u00f1ecedor, cuxo saber se pod\u00eda obter con risco, e non simplemente como un esp\u00edrito dani\u00f1o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1605619 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1605619\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp80c3dde elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp80c3dde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes e tradici\u00f3n etnogr\u00e1fica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp69aedaa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp69aedaa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp351f3e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp351f3e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O que sabemos do Bannik procede case exclusivamente da recompilaci\u00f3n etnogr\u00e1fica dos s\u00e9culos XIX e principios do XX, non de textos medievais. A diferenza das divindades gregas ou exipcias, o Bannik non deixou unha tradici\u00f3n escrita das altas culturas. \u00c9 unha figura da relixi\u00f3n campesi\u00f1a oral, e a s\u00faa imaxe est\u00e1 polo tanto reconstru\u00edda a partir de enquisas, colecci\u00f3ns de crenzas populares e recompilaci\u00f3ns de contos.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Son fundamentais os traballos de Dmitrij Konstant\u00ednovich Zelenin, cuxa obra <em>Ostslavische <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ciencia que estuda a cultura coti\u00e1, os costumes e as crenzas transmitidas.\" tabindex=\"0\">Volkskunde<\/span><\/em> (edici\u00f3n alem\u00e1 de 1927) trata o Bannik sistematicamente no contexto dos esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos. Xa no s\u00e9culo XIX, recompiladores como Alexander Afan\u00e1siev nos seus estudos sobre as concepci\u00f3ns da natureza dos eslavos e Sergu\u00e9i Maks\u00edmov en <em>Netschistaja, newedomaja i krestnaja sila<\/em> reuniran material.<\/span><\/p><p>Para a investigaci\u00f3n m\u00e1is recente \u00e9 fundamental o l\u00e9xico <em>Slawjanskije drewnosti<\/em>, dirixido por Nikita Tolst\u00f3i, as\u00ed como os estudos de Yelena Levki\u00e9vskaya sobre a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de relatos transmitidos sobre os deuses dunha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolox\u00eda<\/span> eslava dos esp\u00edritos impuros.<\/p><p>Este estado das fontes ten consecuencias metodol\u00f3xicas. Os relatos proceden de rexi\u00f3ns diferentes, sobre todo do norte de Rusia, de Bielorrusia e de Ucra\u00edna, e contradinse en detalles.<\/p><p>\u00c1s veces o Bannik \u00e9 un anci\u00e1n pequeno, espido e de cabelo longo, outras veces unha figura negra e informe, e outras s\u00f3 unha presenza perceptible. Alg\u00fans informantes nin sequera co\u00f1ec\u00edan o nome e falaban s\u00f3 en xeral do &#8220;se\u00f1or da banja&#8221;.<\/p><p>Por iso a investigaci\u00f3n considera que &#8220;Bannik&#8221; designa menos unha figura individual ben definida ca un papel funcional: o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser sen corpo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae influencia no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> asociado a un determinado espazo econ\u00f3mico perigoso. Quen traballa coa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos ao longo das xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3n<\/span> deber\u00eda tomar en serio a dispersi\u00f3n dos testemu\u00f1os como trazo propio da tradici\u00f3n oral, en vez de fundir a diversidade rexional nunha imaxe global uniforme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5a17298 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5a17298\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9b1cb5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9b1cb5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A cristianizaci\u00f3n e a pervivencia da crenza<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9b8bd94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9b8bd94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp32847ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp32847ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A cristianizaci\u00f3n dos eslavos orientais a partir do s\u00e9culo X levou a crenza nos esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos, como o Bannik, a unha peculiar coexistencia co cristianismo ortodoxo, mais non a extinguiu. A banya seguiu sendo un lugar especialmente delicado, xa que na percepci\u00f3n eclesi\u00e1stica se consideraba impura.<\/p><p>\u00c9 significativo que se deixasen as icoas e a cruz peitoral antes de entrar na casa de ba\u00f1os. Ese espazo estaba exclu\u00eddo do \u00e1mbito consagrado, e precisamente por iso al\u00ed pod\u00eda e deb\u00eda reinar o Bannik.<\/p><p>Esta divisi\u00f3n do mundo nun \u00e1mbito protexido pola igrexa e outro exclu\u00eddo dela non era unha contradici\u00f3n que os crentes vivisen inconscientemente, sen\u00f3n unha ordenaci\u00f3n espacial consciente.<\/p><p>Na casa, as icoas ocupaban o &#8220;recuncho fermoso&#8221;; na banya rex\u00edan outras regras. Os textos relixiosos e eclesi\u00e1sticos condenaban a superstici\u00f3n, pero a pr\u00e1ctica das aldeas manti\u00f1a os ritos de aplacamento, porque correspond\u00edan \u00e1 experiencia dun lugar realmente perigoso.<\/p><p>No s\u00e9culo XX a crenza debilitouse notablemente coa desaparici\u00f3n do mundo tradicional campesi\u00f1o, a colectivizaci\u00f3n e a urbanizaci\u00f3n. Onde a antiga banya de madeira foi substitu\u00edda por outras formas de ba\u00f1o, o Bannik perdeu o seu lugar.<\/p><p>Non obstante, sobreviviron ditos, advertencias e certos costumes at\u00e9 a actualidade, en parte como saber folcl\u00f3rico, en parte como precauci\u00f3n a\u00ednda tomada en serio.<\/p><p>Na cultura popular rusa moderna, na literatura de fantas\u00eda e nos videoxogos, o Bannik volve aparecer, a\u00ednda que a\u00ed adoita ser unha figura pitoresca s\u00f3 laxamente ligada ao rexistro etnogr\u00e1fico. Para a an\u00e1lise das ciencias da relixi\u00f3n segue sendo un bo exemplo de como unha crenza espiritual precristi\u00e1 foi desprazada \u00e1s marxes do espazo cristianizado, en vez de desaparecer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ligaz\u00f3ns relacionadas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/domovoi\/\">Domovoi, esp\u00edrito dom\u00e9stico eslavo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/leshy\/\">Leshi, esp\u00edrito do bosque<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/kikimora\/\">Kikimora, esp\u00edrito dom\u00e9stico feminino<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/eslavo\/\">Tradici\u00f3n eslava, contexto xeral<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliograf\u00eda de investigaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Iwanits, Linda J.: <em>Russian Folk Belief<\/em>. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk 1989.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hubbs, Joanna: <em>Mother Russia: The Feminine Myth in Russian Culture<\/em>. Indiana UP, Bloomington 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Maksimov, Sergej V.: <em>Ne\u010distaja, nevedomaja i krestnaja sila<\/em>. St. Petersburg 1903.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Tokarev, Sergej A.: <em>Religioznye verovanija vosto\u010dnoslavjanskich narodov XIX, na\u010dala XX v.<\/em>. Akademie der Wissenschaften UdSSR, Moskau 1957.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Warner, Elizabeth: <em>Russian Myths<\/em>. British Museum Press, London 2002.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1647,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Bannik, esp\u00edrito eslavo da casa de ba\u00f1os","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Bannik \u2013 O esp\u00edrito do ba\u00f1o dos eslavos","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Bannik, esp\u00edrito eslavo do ba\u00f1o da banja. Rituais arredor da casa de ba\u00f1os, regras de protecci\u00f3n, horas de esp\u00edritos e o seu parentesco co Domovoi e o Ovinnik.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"slawisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-194845","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bannik \u2013 O esp\u00edrito do ba\u00f1o dos eslavos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bannik, esp\u00edrito eslavo do ba\u00f1o da banja. 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