{"id":194804,"date":"2026-09-07T09:37:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:37:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=194804"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","slug":"guan-yu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/guan-yu\/","title":{"rendered":"Guan Yu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"194804\" class=\"elementor elementor-194804 elementor-2104 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guan Yu, deus da tradici\u00f3n chinesa<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O xeneral deificado, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signo que representa unha idea ou significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbolo<\/span> da lealdade, deus da guerra e da xustiza. Guan Yu non \u00e9 un deus mitol\u00f3xico, sen\u00f3n un xeneral hist\u00f3rico da \u00e9poca dos Tres Reinos (184-280 d.C.), deificado a trav\u00e9s de s\u00e9culos de tradici\u00f3n popular.<\/p><p>Con fazulas vermellas, longa barba negra e a s\u00faa espada lapeante *Guan Dao*, encarna a virtude, a lealdade at\u00e9 a morte e a honra guerreira.<\/p><p>En *Romance of the Three Kingdoms*, a novela chinesa m\u00e1is lida, Guan Yu \u00e9 unha figura resplandecente: un xeneral que non abandona o seu se\u00f1or a\u00ednda que a derrota sexa inminente.<\/p><p>A s\u00faa execuci\u00f3n converteuse en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relato edificante, xeralmente sobre a vida de santos.\" tabindex=\"0\">lenda<\/span>. M\u00e1is tarde, Guan Yu foi incorporado en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edificio dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span>, e desde al\u00ed pasou ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de deuses dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span> dao\u00edsta e budista, non como deus da transcendencia, sen\u00f3n como santo patr\u00f3n das persoas morais.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Deus \/ Deusa: Poder supremo personificado dentro do pante\u00f3n dunha cultura, con \u00e1mbitos de competencia claros, forzas da natureza, destino, guerra, fertilidade. Venerado mediante cultos, ofrendas e instituci\u00f3ns templarias.\">Deus<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/china\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Relixi\u00f3n chinesa de deuses, esp\u00edritos e tradici\u00f3n popular, dao\u00edsta, budista, confuciana.\">China<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Non se atoparon t\\u00edtulos nesta 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_guan-yu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-197126\" alt=\"Guan Yu - Deuses da tradici\u00f3n chinesa, hist\u00f3rico-ilustrativo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_guan-yu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_guan-yu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_guan-yu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_guan-yu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guan Yu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nun vistazo: Guan Yu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipo:<\/strong> Deidade principal chinesa, deus da guerra e dos guerreiros, heroe hist\u00f3rico deificado<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto dos deuses dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pante\u00f3n<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3n relixioso-filos\u00f3fica chinesa orientada ao Dao, o Cami\u00f1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dao\u00edsmo<\/span>, relixi\u00f3n popular chinesa, budismo (como Sangharama-Bodhisattva)<br>Funci\u00f3n: guerra, lealdade, xustiza, riqueza, protecci\u00f3n dos negocios e da polic\u00eda<br>Atributos principais: barba vermella, t\u00fanica verde, cabalo Lebre Vermella, alabarda xigante Guan Dao<br>Principais lugares de culto: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templo<\/span> de Guandi en Luoyang (a s\u00faa tumba), monte Yuquan, en cada distrito chin\u00e9s<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fusi\u00f3n de elementos de diferentes relixi\u00f3ns ou cultos en novas formas mixtas, como no vod\u00fa haitiano (Lwa e santos cat\u00f3licos).\">Sincretismo<\/span> budista: Sangharama-Bodhisattva (protector dos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span>)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historische Einordnung<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guan Yu (162&ndash;220 d. C.) foi un xeneral hist\u00f3rico da dinast\u00eda dos Han <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Concepto coreano de tristeza profunda e acumulada e inxustiza non resolta; motor cl\u00e1sico do motivo cheonyeo-gwishin.\">Posteriores<\/span>, famoso pola novela <em>Sange Yanyi<\/em> (<em>Os Tres Reinos<\/em>, s\u00e9c. XIV). A s\u00faa deificaci\u00f3n comeza xa na dinast\u00eda Sui (s\u00e9c. VI\/VII); a s\u00faa posici\u00f3n canonizada no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto dos deuses dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span> chin\u00e9s establ\u00e9cese a partir da \u00e9poca Tang.<\/p><p>No imperio Ming (1368&ndash;1644) ascende a &laquo;Santo Guerreiro&raquo; (<em>W&#363; Sh&egrave;ng<\/em>), en paralelo a Confucio como &laquo;Santo Civil&raquo;. Na dinast\u00eda Qing institucional\u00edzase como deus protector do imperio. Hoxe \u00e9 unha das deidades populares chinesas m\u00e1is populares do mundo, presente como figura protectora en todos os restaurantes e negocios chineses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difusi\u00f3n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principais lugares de culto: <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templo<\/span> de Guanlin<\/strong> en Luoyang (Henan, a s\u00faa tumba; un dos maiores templos de Guan Yu do mundo), <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templo<\/span> de Yuquan<\/strong> en Hubei (lugar m\u00edtico onde act\u00faa o seu esp\u00edrito), <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templo<\/span> de Guandi de Jiezhou<\/strong> en Shanxi (o seu lugar de nacemento).<\/p><p>En cada cidade chinesa hai varios <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span> de Guandi<\/em>. A nivel internacional est\u00e1 presente en todos os restaurantes chineses, negocios, escolas de artes marciais e nas comisar\u00edas de polic\u00eda de Hong Kong (\u00e9 o patr\u00f3n dos polic\u00edas e das tr\u00edades).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fontes centrais: hist\u00f3rica <em>Sangguozhi<\/em> (cr\u00f3nica dos Tres Reinos, s. III), literaria <em>Sange Yanyi<\/em> (Luo Guanzhong, s. XIV, fonte principal da tradici\u00f3n popular), <em>Guan Sheng Dijun Sheng Ji Tu Zhi<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Relato hagiogr\u00e1fico, a mi\u00fado edificante e estilizado; x\u00e9nero literario con convenci\u00f3ns propias desde a Antig\u00fcidade tard\u00eda.\">hagiograf\u00eda<\/span> da \u00e9poca Ming).<\/p><p>Bibliograf\u00eda secundaria: ter Haar, <em>Guan Yu. The Religious Afterlife of a Failed Hero<\/em>; Werner, <em>Myths and Legends of China<\/em>; Yang\/An, <em>Handbook of Chinese Mythology<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denominaci\u00f3n e formas de escritura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guan Yu \u00e9 reco\u00f1ecible ao instante: fazulas vermellas (un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signo que representa unha idea ou significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbolo<\/span> art\u00edstico que expresa a dor da lealdade, non a ira), longa barba negra, armadura tradicional ou vestimentas de seda. A s\u00faa espada <em>Guan Dao<\/em> \u00e9 unha arma de l\u00e1mina longa en forma de media l\u00faa, m\u00e1is simb\u00f3lica que pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p><p>Adoita representarse a cabalo, ou entronizado cunha presenza serena e digna. A diferenza de Zhong Kui (feroz) ou Raijin (demon\u00edaco), Guan Yu \u00e9 maxestoso, non aterrador. Artisticamente, o seu retrato ocupa un lugar central nos altares dos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edificio dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span> e nas academias militares. A cor vermella \u00e9 central: fazulas vermellas, e m\u00e1is tarde t\u00fanicas vermellas nas representaci\u00f3ns dos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edificio dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descrici\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guan Yu \u00e9 venerado como patr\u00f3n da lealdade, da fidelidade nos contratos comerciais e da honra militar. Os comerciantes colocan estatuas de Guan Yu para xurar honestidade nos contratos comerciais. Academias militares, polic\u00eda e instituci\u00f3ns militares v\u00e9nano.<\/p><p>A diferenza doutras divindades, a Guan Yu non se lle pide <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Concesi\u00f3n de benestar e protecci\u00f3n, moitas veces nunha f\u00f3rmula ling\u00fc\u00edstica fixa.\" tabindex=\"0\">bendici\u00f3n<\/span>, sen\u00f3n forza moral. O seu festival de nacemento \u00e9 o sexto d\u00eda do quinto mes lunar.<\/p><p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n dedicada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> de Guan Gong en Guangzhou \u00e9 un dos maiores e m\u00e1is antigos, con mil anos de historia. Os c\u00edrculos budistas identifican a Guan Yu como manifestaci\u00f3n do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No budismo mahayana, un ser iluminado que aprazadas a s\u00faa propia liberaci\u00f3n en beneficio do ensino a outros seres.\">bodhisattva<\/span> Guan Gong, non como transformaci\u00f3n, sen\u00f3n como reco\u00f1ecemento da s\u00faa calidade espiritual.<\/p><p>A diferenza de Yuhuang (administraci\u00f3n) ou Yanluo (xu\u00edzo), Guan Yu \u00e9 persoalmente accesible: p\u00f3dese pedirlle consello, non s\u00f3 permiso formal.<\/p><p><strong>Aparencia e simbolox\u00eda<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Guan Yu<\/em> repres\u00e9ntase como un home grande e vermello con barba longa, moitas veces con armadura de guerra. Leva unha lanza (Guandao) e monta un cabalo verde. O seu rostro vermello simboliza a rectitude e a valent\u00eda. A mi\u00fado aparece xunto aos seus compa\u00f1eiros (dous outros xenerais hist\u00f3ricos) formando unha tr\u00edade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ficha: Guan Yu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os aspectos m\u00e1is importantes de Guan Yu dun ollo. Os seguintes campos resumen a s\u00faa orixe, funci\u00f3n, aparencia, veneraci\u00f3n, s\u00edmbolos e paralelismos culturais.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Orixe de Guan Yu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guan Yu naceu no ano 162 d.C. en Hedong (hoxe Yuncheng, Shanxi) e morreu no 220 como xeneral de Liu Bei durante a tard\u00eda dinast\u00eda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Concepto coreano dunha tristeza profunda e acumulada e dunha inxustiza non resolta; move o motivo do cheonyeo-gwishin.\">Han<\/span>. Na obra hist\u00f3rica <em>Sange Yanyi<\/em> \u00e9 lembrado como irm\u00e1n no xuramento do xard\u00edn dos pexegueiros con Liu Bei e Zhang Fei, a imaxe de fraternidade m\u00e1is c\u00e9lebre da tradici\u00f3n chinesa.<\/p><p>A s\u00faa morte (execuci\u00f3n por parte de Sun Quan) consid\u00e9rase unha separaci\u00f3n inxusta. A esposa e o fillo aparecen mencionados nas fontes, pero de forma perif\u00e9rica; o tema mitol\u00f3xico principal \u00e9 a lealdade inquebrantable a Liu Bei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obxecto de acci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Patr\u00f3n da <em>lealdade<\/em> (zhong) e da <em>xustiza<\/em> (yi), as d\u00faas virtudes confucianas centrais encarnadas mitol\u00f3xicamente. Deus protector dos guerreiros, dos polic\u00edas e, de forma paradoxal, das sociedades secretas criminais (as tr\u00edadas).<\/p><p>Patr\u00f3n dos comerciantes e empresarios, porque segundo a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relato edificante, normalmente sobre a vida de santos.\" tabindex=\"0\">lenda<\/span> pagaba sempre as s\u00faas d\u00e9bedas con honra. Na China moderna e en Hong Kong: protecci\u00f3n contra perdas financeiras, socios comerciais fraudulentos e perigos no traballo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Representaci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Repres\u00e9ntase de forma caracter\u00edstica: <strong>barba e rostro vermellos<\/strong> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signo que representa unha idea ou significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbolo<\/span> da pureza interior e da lealdade, unha iconograf\u00eda rara e inconfundible), t\u00fanica verde (\u00e1s veces dourada) de mangas longas, sombreiro de funcionario. Na man dereita leva a <em>Guan Dao<\/em> (unha arma en forma de alabarda con folla curva, nomeada segundo el).<\/p><p>A mi\u00fado aparece sobre o seu famoso cabalo <em>Lebre Vermella<\/em> (Chitu). Acompa\u00f1ado polo seu fillo adoptivo Guan Ping e polo seu fiel servidor Zhou Cang. En posturas de p\u00e9 ou sentado, sempre cunha calma maxestosa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Actividade<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00c1mbito de acci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Guan Yu \u00e9 venerado en case todos os restaurantes chineses, tendas, escolas de artes marciais e moitas casas privadas, unha das poucas divindades cuxa estatua chega incluso aos espazos seculares modernos. Diariamente se lle queiman incenso no altar familiar.<\/p><p>O seu aniversario, o d\u00eda 13 do 5\u00ba mes (calendario chin\u00e9s), c\u00e9lebrase con grandes festas. En Hong Kong e Taiwan, as comisar\u00edas de polic\u00eda t\u00e9\u00f1eno como patr\u00f3n protector. Nas tr\u00edadas tradicionais \u00e9, paradoxalmente, tam\u00e9n o receptor central dos xuramentos, unha tensi\u00f3n cultural moi debatida.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defensa de Guan Yu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guan Dao (alabarda en forma de folla curva, atribu\u00edda ao seu nome), barba vermella, rostro vermello, t\u00fanica verde de mangas longas, sombreiro de funcionario, cabalo Lebre Vermella (Chitu), fillo adoptivo Guan Ping, servidor Zhou Cang. Plantas sagradas: pexegueiro (xuramento do xard\u00edn dos pexegueiros). Animais sagrados: o cabalo Lebre Vermella. Cores sagradas: vermello e verde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elementos comparables<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Sangharama-Bodhisattva<\/em> (budismo, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fusi\u00f3n de elementos de diferentes relixi\u00f3ns ou cultos en formas mixtas, como no vod\u00fa haitiano.\">sincretismo<\/span> chin\u00e9s-budista), <em>Bishamonten<\/em> (Xap\u00f3n, deus protector e guerreiro), <em>Marte<\/em> (Roma, deus da guerra), <em>Tyr<\/em> (xerm\u00e1nico, deus guerreiro), <em>Karttikeya\/Skanda<\/em> (hindu\u00edsmo, deus da guerra), <em>Inguri<\/em> (vod\u00fa, loa guerreiro). Comparable como &laquo;heroe hist\u00f3rico deificado&raquo;: <em>San Xurxo<\/em> (cristi\u00e1n), <em>Xenxis Kan<\/em> (mongol nalgunhas tradici\u00f3ns populares). Guan Yu \u00e9 a transformaci\u00f3n de &laquo;persoa hist\u00f3rica en deidade principal&raquo; m\u00e1is c\u00e9lebre da historia relixiosa chinesa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protecci\u00f3n na vida coti\u00e1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituais de veneraci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Guan Yu \u00e9 venerado en China como deus da lealdade (Guandi\/\u95dc\u5e1d), con grandes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edificio dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span> de Guan Yu en todas as grandes cidades chinesas. Festividade principal: Guandi Sheng Dan (aniversario o d\u00eda 24 do sexto mes lunar) con ofrendas rituais (froitas, carne, vi\u00f1o, varas de incenso).<\/p><p>Venerado por comunidades comerciais e militares, con estatuas en corpos de garda e oficinas como s\u00edmbolo de lealdade e valent\u00eda. Pr\u00e1ctica popular chinesa: reverencias matinais ante os altares de Guan Yu.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Invocaci\u00f3ns e chamamentos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chamamento suplicante ou conxurador dirixido a unha divindade ou poder.\" tabindex=\"0\">Invocaci\u00f3n<\/span> tao\u00edsta: \u201e\u95dc\u516c\u95dc\u8056\u5e1d\u541b\u4fdd\u4f51\u300d (Guan Gong Guan Sheng Dijun Baoyou, Gran Xeneral Guan, Emperador Sagrado, prot\u00e9xenos). Os textos hist\u00f3ricos usan escenas da novela dos Tres Reinos (Sanguo Yan Yi) como base para as pregarias. Os <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un obxecto ao que se atrib\u00fae un efecto que atrae boa sorte ou \u00e9xito.\" tabindex=\"0\">talism\u00e1ns<\/span> con retrato de Guan Yu e selos tao\u00edstas p\u00f3dense obter con sacerdotes tao\u00edstas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Amuletos e s\u00edmbolos de protecci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Estatuas de Guan Yu e imaxes de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un obxecto ao que se atrib\u00fae un efecto que atrae boa sorte ou \u00e9xito.\" tabindex=\"0\">talism\u00e1n<\/span> (fu) en comercios, comisar\u00edas de polic\u00eda e monumentos de guerra. Probas arqueol\u00f3xicas: estatuas de bronce de Guan Yu do per\u00edodo Ming (s\u00e9culos XIV-XVII), relevos de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edificio dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span> en Changshu e Shaoxing. Os santuarios modernos de Guan Yu en Taiw\u00e1n, Hong Kong e Singapur mostran unha tradici\u00f3n de veneraci\u00f3n continua desde a \u00e9poca dos Tres Reinos (s\u00e9culos II-III).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guan Yu, paralelismos noutras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guan Yu asemella o san Xurxo europeo (soldado, virtude), o Aquiles grego (car\u00e1cter guerreiro, honra) e o David hebreo (valent\u00eda, lealdade ao rei). A diferenza destes, Guan Yu est\u00e1 claramente documentado historicamente, non \u00e9 mitol\u00f3xico-po\u00e9tico. Con Huitzilopochtli, o deus azteca, comparte o estatus de deus da guerra, pero Huitzilopochtli \u00e9 primeiro deus, mentres que Guan Yu \u00e9 primeiro home deificado.<\/p><p>Con Susanoo (deus xapon\u00e9s da tormenta) comparte aspectos guerreiros, pero Susanoo \u00e9 un deus c\u00f3smico, mentres que Guan Yu \u00e9 un heroe moral. \u00danico \u00e9 a mediaci\u00f3n literaria: unha novela converteu un xeneral en deus, o que mostra o poder das narraci\u00f3ns sobre a espiritualidade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3a7ace3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3a7ace3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd95eaa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd95eaa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Do xeneral ao deus: a persoa hist\u00f3rica Guan Yu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc7628f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc7628f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd8338cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd8338cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guan Yu foi en primeiro lugar unha figura hist\u00f3rica. Viviu a finais do s\u00e9culo II e comezos do III, cara ao final da dinast\u00eda Han, e serviu como xeneral baixo Liu Bei, un dos se\u00f1ores da guerra dos que xurdiron os conflitos que deron lugar \u00e1 \u00e9poca dos Tres Reinos.<\/p><p>As noticias m\u00e1is antigas sobre el aparecen no <em>Sanguozhi<\/em>, a &#8220;Cr\u00f3nica dos Tres Reinos&#8221; do historiador Chen Shou, de finais do s\u00e9culo III, complementada polo comentario de Pei Songzhi do s\u00e9culo V.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos ao longo de xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3n<\/span> hist\u00f3rica describe a Guan Yu como un comandante capaz pero tam\u00e9n orgulloso. Est\u00e1 documentada a s\u00faa captura e execuci\u00f3n por volta do ano 220 tras unha derrota militar fronte ao reino de Wu. As notas cron\u00edsticas, sobrias, apenas dan pistas sobre a posterior veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa; mostran un home do seu tempo, cuxa reputaci\u00f3n se baseaba sobre todo na lealdade a Liu Bei.<\/p><p>O cami\u00f1o desde esta persoa at\u00e9 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser venerado como divino dentro dunha relixi\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> percorreu s\u00e9culos. Xurdiron cultos locais no lugar da s\u00faa morte e nos lugares da s\u00faa actividade durante a dinast\u00eda Tang e, sobre todo, durante a dinast\u00eda Song.<\/p><p>Foi decisivo que a persoa de Guan Yu se convertese en portador da virtude da lealdade (<em>zhong<\/em>) e da rectitude (<em>yi<\/em>), valores apreciados tanto polo estado confuciano como polos c\u00edrculos budistas e tao\u00edstas.<\/p><p>A deificaci\u00f3n non foi, pois, unha ruptura, sen\u00f3n unha carga progresiva de significado moral sobre unha biograf\u00eda real. A investigaci\u00f3n relixiosa, como os traballos de Prasenjit Duara sobre o &#8220;superscribing&#8221; de s\u00edmbolos, mostrou como diferentes grupos sociais ench\u00edan o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de actos de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dedicados a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> con contidos propios en cada caso.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c25cc6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c25cc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5d88841 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5d88841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A novela dos Tres Reinos e a formaci\u00f3n da lenda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa948130 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa948130\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0247704 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0247704\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A imaxe de Guan Yu que hoxe \u00e9 popular procede menos das cr\u00f3nicas que da novela <em>Sanguo Yanyi<\/em>, a &#8220;Historia dos Tres Reinos&#8221;, que na s\u00faa forma co\u00f1ecida xurdiu no s\u00e9culo XIV e atrib\u00faese a Luo Guanzhong. A novela elabora relatos orais m\u00e1is antigos, materiais teatrais e historiograf\u00eda nunha narraci\u00f3n desenvolvida.<\/p><p>Nesta obra, Guan Yu recibe os seus atributos e episodios co\u00f1ecidos. O xuramento no xard\u00edn dos pexegueiros, no que Liu Bei, Guan Yu e Zhang Fei xuran fraternidade ata a morte, marca a s\u00faa imaxe como encarnaci\u00f3n da lealdade.<\/p><p>Episodios como a traves\u00eda dos cinco pasos, na que se abre cami\u00f1o por un campamento inimigo para chegar ao seu se\u00f1or, ou a s\u00faa fortaleza durante a intervenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica, cando o m\u00e9dico Hua Tuo lle abre o brazo envelenado mentres el segue xogando tranquilamente, conv\u00e9rtense nun repertorio fixo.<\/p><p>A novela deulle tam\u00e9n a Guan Yu os seus trazos iconogr\u00e1ficos: a cara vermella, a longa barba, a alabarda chamada &#8220;Drag\u00f3n Verde&#8221; e o cabalo Lebre Vermella. Estes trazos difund\u00edronse a trav\u00e9s da \u00f3pera e a estampa popular ata converterse hoxe nos elementos que definen todos os <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span> e estatuas.<\/p><p>Importante para a investigaci\u00f3n \u00e9 a interacci\u00f3n mutua: a novela alimentou o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das acci\u00f3ns de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dunha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> con material narrativo, e o crecente <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das acci\u00f3ns de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dunha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> fixo a s\u00faa vez m\u00e1is popular a novela. Por iso a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos ao longo de xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3n<\/span> literaria e a relixiosa non se poden separar con claridade. Quen le a novela le tam\u00e9n unha obra de fontes relixiosas, e quen investiga o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das acci\u00f3ns de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dunha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> non pode evitar a novela.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4efd7b0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4efd7b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd6e038a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd6e038a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guan Di: t\u00edtulos imperiais e a carreira dun deus do Estado<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9fa1445 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9fa1445\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf229dc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf229dc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A elevaci\u00f3n de Guan Yu a deus do Estado produciuse mediante unha longa serie de concesi\u00f3ns de t\u00edtulos imperiais. Xa na \u00e9poca Song recibiu dignidades, pero o ascenso decisivo tivo lugar baixo as dinast\u00edas Ming e Qing.<\/p><p>Os gobernantes manch\u00fas da dinast\u00eda Qing promoveron o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das pr\u00e1cticas relixiosas de veneraci\u00f3n dunha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> con especial insistencia; viron na lealdade encarnada por Guan Yu un modelo que os seus s\u00fabditos deb\u00edan interiorizar.<\/p><p>Os t\u00edtulos foron aumentando ao longo dos s\u00e9culos. De &#8220;pr\u00edncipe&#8221; pasou a &#8220;emperador&#8221; (<em>di<\/em>), de onde xorde a denominaci\u00f3n difundida de Guan Di.<\/p><p>No s\u00e9culo XIX o seu t\u00edtulo oficial estaba composto por unha longa cadea de ep\u00edtetos honor\u00edficos, e o seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das pr\u00e1cticas relixiosas de veneraci\u00f3n dunha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> estaba integrado no sistema estatal de sacrificios, con templos propios na capital e nas cidades de provincia. Os funcionarios ofrec\u00edanlle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e1diva a unha divindade para expresar agradecemento, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrendas<\/span> regulares.<\/p><p>Este apoio estatal converteu a Guan Yu nunha das poucas figuras reclamadas simultaneamente polo confucianismo, polo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3n relixioso-filos\u00f3fica chinesa orientada polo Dao, o Cami\u00f1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">dao\u00edsmo<\/span> e polo budismo. O Estado confuciano viu nel o servidor leal, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3n relixioso-filos\u00f3fica chinesa orientada polo Dao, o Cami\u00f1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">dao\u00edsmo<\/span> incorporouno ao seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de deuses dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span>, e o budismo venerouno como divindade protectora (<em>qielan<\/em>) dos mosteiros.<\/p><p>A investigaci\u00f3n relixiosa reco\u00f1eceu nesta pertenza m\u00faltiple un trazo t\u00edpico da pr\u00e1ctica relixiosa chinesa, na que a mesma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser venerado como divino dentro dunha relixi\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> pode ser interpretada de forma distinta por diferentes tradici\u00f3ns e grupos sociais e, a\u00ednda as\u00ed, ser venerada conxuntamente. Co final do Imperio en 1911, o culto estatal perdeu o seu marco oficial, pero o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das pr\u00e1cticas relixiosas de veneraci\u00f3n dunha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> popular continuou sen interrupci\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd152391 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd152391\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7445922 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7445922\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guan Yu como deus do comercio e das sociedades secretas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9704ab3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9704ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf91cc68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf91cc68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un dos desenvolvementos m\u00e1is salientables do culto \u00e9 a veneraci\u00f3n de Guan Yu como deus protector dos comerciantes. \u00c1 primeira vista parece incoherente que un heroe guerreiro se converta en patr\u00f3n do comercio. A investigaci\u00f3n explica isto sobre todo a trav\u00e9s do valor da <em>yi<\/em>, a rectitude e a fidelidade aos pactos.<\/p><p>Na vida comercial, baseada na fiabilidade e na palabra dada, Guan Yu converteuse en garante dos acordos honestos. As gremios de comerciantes \u00e9rguenlle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span>, e a s\u00faa imaxe estivo e segue estando presente en innumerables comercios, moitas veces acompa\u00f1ada dunha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O obxecto ou alimento concreto que se ofrece a unha divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrenda<\/span>.<\/p><p>Unha segunda li\u00f1a, en parte relacionada coa anterior, \u00e9 a veneraci\u00f3n por parte de irmandades e sociedades secretas. As organizaci\u00f3ns baseadas na fraternidade xurada invocaban o xuramento no xard\u00edn de pexegueiros como modelo m\u00edtico. Os novos membros prestaban o seu xuramento diante da imaxe de Guan Yu, que as\u00ed se convert\u00eda en garante da lealdade dentro do grupo.<\/p><p>Esta funci\u00f3n converteuno tam\u00e9n en divindade protectora de soldados e da polic\u00eda, \u00e9 dicir, de profesi\u00f3ns que dependen da camaradar\u00eda e da fiabilidade.<\/p><p>A\u00ednda hoxe as s\u00faas imaxes at\u00f3panse tanto en comisar\u00edas de polic\u00eda como nos locais de organizaci\u00f3ns criminais, o que amosa que no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de acci\u00f3ns relixiosas de veneraci\u00f3n dirixidas a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> o que importa \u00e9 a l\u00f3xica social do xuramento vinculante, non unha moral determinada do grupo.<\/p><p>Coa migraci\u00f3n chinesa, Guan Yu estendeuse polo sueste asi\u00e1tico at\u00e9 chegar a Am\u00e9rica do Norte e Europa. Nas Chinatowns de todo o mundo, o seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templo<\/span> forma parte do equipamento b\u00e1sico da comunidade. A investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica utiliza este culto tan amplo e adaptable como exemplo de como unha soa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser venerado como divino dentro dunha relixi\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> pode servir, ao mesmo tempo, para respaldar relixiosamente o Estado, a econom\u00eda e a orde social informal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8b64f44 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8b64f44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1aff45b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1aff45b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iconograf\u00eda: o rostro vermello e o drag\u00f3n verde<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp81d29fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp81d29fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0e8c7c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0e8c7c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A representaci\u00f3n pict\u00f3rica de Guan Yu est\u00e1 tan fixada que resulta reco\u00f1ecible de inmediato en estatuas, imaxes e na \u00f3pera. O elemento determinante \u00e9 o rostro dun vermello intenso, que na tradici\u00f3n teatral chinesa simboliza a lealdade e o car\u00e1cter recto.<\/p><p>A novela explica esta cor mediante un episodio propio, a\u00ednda que o seu verdadeiro significado reside na linguaxe simb\u00f3lica da escena, da que pasou \u00e1s imaxes relixiosas.<\/p><p>Outros trazos caracter\u00edsticos son a barba longa e coidada, que nas fontes lle deu o alcume de &#8220;o home da fermosa barba&#8221;, as\u00ed como a pesada alabarda co\u00f1ecida co nome de &#8220;folla de media l\u00faa do drag\u00f3n verde&#8221;.<\/p><p>A mi\u00fado leva armadura e a vestimenta verde propia dun xeneral; outras veces sost\u00e9n en cambio un libro, os anais <em>Chunqiu<\/em>, o que subli\u00f1a a s\u00faa formaci\u00f3n e o seu car\u00e1cter confuciano.<\/p><p>Nos templos, Guan Yu raras veces aparece s\u00f3. Ao seu lado adoitan figurar o seu fillo ou fillo adoptivo Guan Ping, con o selo de xeneral, e o seu fiel portador de armas Zhou Cang, coa alabarda. Este tr\u00edo constit\u00fae unha unidade iconogr\u00e1fica propia. A disposici\u00f3n segue o modelo dunha corte imperial e subli\u00f1a o rango de Guan Yu como deus imperial.<\/p><p>A cultura material at\u00f3pase moito m\u00e1is al\u00e1 dos grandes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha construci\u00f3n destinada \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span>. Altares dom\u00e9sticos, estampas para o Ano Novo, amuletos e capelas de comercio difunden a s\u00faa imaxe na vida coti\u00e1. A coherencia da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Estudo do contido das imaxes e do seu significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconograf\u00eda<\/span> ten unha raz\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica: fixo que o deus fose identificable de inmediato durante s\u00e9culos por unha poboaci\u00f3n en gran parte analfabeta, independentemente da rexi\u00f3n ou da clase social.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp08e2bd8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp08e2bd8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c21acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5c21acd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guan Yu no tao\u00edsmo e no budismo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8da37e8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8da37e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1463288 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1463288\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As relixi\u00f3ns institucionais de China integraron Guan Yu, cada unha, nos seus propios sistemas, sen que isto desprazase o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de acci\u00f3ns de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dedicadas a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> popular. No <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3n relixioso-filos\u00f3fica chinesa orientada ao Dao, o Cami\u00f1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">dao\u00edsmo<\/span> obtivo un lugar fixo no aparato burocr\u00e1tico celestial.<\/p><p>Os textos e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edificio dedicado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span> dao\u00edstas mencionano con t\u00edtulos elevados; consid\u00e9rase entre outras cousas un vencedor de demos e unha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser venerado como divino dentro dunha relixi\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> que vix\u00eda os xuramentos e castiga a inxustiza.<\/p><p>Unha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relato edificante, xeralmente sobre a vida de santos.\" tabindex=\"0\">lenda<\/span> moi difundida conta como o mestre dao\u00edsta Zhang Daoling invocou o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae efecto no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> de Guan Yu para axudarlle a someter un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ser espiritual ao que se lle atrib\u00fae un efecto danoso ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">demo<\/span>, feito que fundamenta miticamente a s\u00faa incorporaci\u00f3n \u00e1 tradici\u00f3n dao\u00edsta.<\/p><p>No budismo, Guan Yu \u00e9 venerado como <em>qielan pusa<\/em>, divindade protectora que garda os terreos mon\u00e1sticos e a comunidade.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relato edificante, xeralmente sobre a vida de santos.\" tabindex=\"0\">lenda<\/span> correspondente sit\u00faa a s\u00faa conversi\u00f3n no monte Yuquan: o seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae efecto no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> inquieto ter\u00eda al\u00ed un encontro cun mestre budista que o instru\u00edu sobre a lei do karma, tras o cal Guan Yu se consagrou ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nas relixi\u00f3ns indias, a doutrina e a ordenaci\u00f3n correcta da acci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span> e se converteu en protector da doutrina. Por iso, en moitos mosteiros chineses a s\u00faa figura ocupa un lugar destacado como gardi\u00e1n.<\/p><p>Esta pertenza m\u00faltiple resulta esclarecedora desde o punto de vista cient\u00edfico. Mostra que a relixiosidade chinesa non pensa en confesi\u00f3ns estritamente separadas, sen\u00f3n que unha mesma figura eficaz pode ser reclamada e interpretada por diferentes tradici\u00f3ns.<\/p><p>Guan Yu non \u00e9 un caso excepcional, pero si un exemplo especialmente claro, porque nel converxen nunha soa persoa o confucianismo estatal, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto das divindades dunha relixi\u00f3n ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span> dao\u00edsta, a protecci\u00f3n mon\u00e1stica budista e a veneraci\u00f3n popular. A investigaci\u00f3n fala aqu\u00ed dun <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signo que representa unha idea ou significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00edmbolo<\/span> compartido, que precisamente pola s\u00faa apertura interpretativa puido perdurar e difundirse tanto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ligaz\u00f3ns relacionadas<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/zhong-kui\/\">Zhong Kui, deus protector chin\u00e9s emparentado<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/emperador-de-xade\/\">Yuhuang, emperador celestial ao que est\u00e1 subordinado<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mazu\/\">Mazu, divindade popular chinesa emparentada<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/china\/\">China, panorama do pante\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/altas-divindades\/\">Deidades supremas, subcategor\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/deuses\/\">Deuses, panorama das clases<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fontes e bibliograf\u00eda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>ter Haar, Barend J.: <em>Guan Yu. The Religious Afterlife of a Failed Hero<\/em>. Oxford 2017 (obra de referencia).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Yang, Lihui \/ An, Deming: <em>Handbook of Chinese Mythology<\/em>. Santa Barbara 2005.<\/span><\/li><li>Luo, Guanzhong: <em>Sange Yanyi<\/em> (novela dos Tres Reinos, numerosas traduci\u00f3ns).<\/li><li>Sangguozhi (fonte cronol\u00f3xica do s. III).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (lema \u00abGuan Yu\u00bb).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>M\u00e1is obras de referencia no <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/literatura\/\">\u00edndice bibliogr\u00e1fico<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70278ac e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"70278ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18984c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18984c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Preguntas frecuentes sobre Guan Yu<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Quen foi Guan Yu e como se converteu en deus?<\/h3><p>Guan Yu foi un xeneral hist\u00f3rico que viviu no s\u00e9culo II e principios do s\u00e9culo III durante o per\u00edodo dos Tres Reinos en China, e foi executado no ano 220. F\u00edxose c\u00e9lebre pola s\u00faa proverbial lealdade, valent\u00eda e honestidade, sobre todo grazas \u00e1 novela cl\u00e1sica A Historia dos Tres Reinos.<\/p><p>Ao longo dos s\u00e9culos, a lembranza del transformouse en veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa: foi deificado e recibiu t\u00edtulos de varios emperadores, at\u00e9 alcanzar o rango de deus.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Que papel xoga hoxe Guan Yu, tam\u00e9n chamado Guandi?<\/h3><p>Como <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser venerado como divino dentro dunha relixi\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> Guandi ou Guangong, Guan Yu segue sendo amplamente venerado na actualidade. \u00c9 considerado o deus da lealdade e da xustiza, e ao mesmo tempo \u00e9 invocado como deus da guerra e como protector de comerciantes e negocios, xa que a honestidade se considera a base do comercio.<\/p><p>A s\u00faa imaxe at\u00f3pase en templos, comercios, restaurantes e mesmo na polic\u00eda e en irmandades criminais, ambas as cales invocan o seu c\u00f3digo de honra. Guan Yu tam\u00e9n \u00e9 venerado no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3n relixioso-filos\u00f3fica chinesa orientada ao Dao, o Cami\u00f1o.\" tabindex=\"0\">dao\u00edsmo<\/span>, no budismo e no confucianismo.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quen foi Guan Yu e como se converteu en deus?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Guan Yu foi un xeneral hist\u00f3rico que viviu no s\u00e9culo II e principios do s\u00e9culo III durante o per\u00edodo dos Tres Reinos en China, e foi executado no ano 220. F\u00edxose c\u00e9lebre pola s\u00faa proverbial lealdade, valent\u00eda e honestidade, sobre todo grazas \u00e1 novela cl\u00e1sica A Historia dos Tres Reinos.Ao longo dos s\u00e9culos, a lembranza del transformouse en veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa: foi deificado e recibiu t\u00edtulos de varios emperadores, at\u00e9 alcanzar o rango de deus.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Que papel xoga hoxe Guan Yu, tam\u00e9n chamado Guandi?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Como divindade Guandi ou Guangong, Guan Yu segue sendo amplamente venerado na actualidade. \u00c9 considerado o deus da lealdade e da xustiza, e ao mesmo tempo \u00e9 invocado como deus da guerra e como protector de comerciantes e negocios, xa que a honestidade se considera a base do comercio.A s\u00faa imaxe at\u00f3pase en templos, comercios, restaurantes e mesmo na polic\u00eda e en irmandades criminais, ambas as cales invocan o seu c\u00f3digo de honra. 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