{"id":194633,"date":"2026-09-07T09:37:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=194633"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","slug":"preta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/preta\/","title":{"rendered":"Preta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"194633\" class=\"elementor elementor-194633 elementor-1208\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta, esp\u00edrito da tradici\u00f3n budista<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta \u00e9 un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> da tradici\u00f3n budista.<\/p><p><strong>Esp\u00edrito famento coa gorxa en forma de ollo de agulla, figura k\u00e1rmica da avaricia.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esp\u00edrito: Ser incorp\u00f3reo ou semicorp\u00f3reo, defunto, ser da natureza, esp\u00edrito do fogar ou gardi\u00e1n de limiares. Act\u00faa na vida coti\u00e1, a mi\u00fado ligado a lugares ou familias.\">Esp\u00edrito<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/budismo\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3n budista con bodhisattvas, divindades protectoras, esp\u00edritos famentos e gardi\u00e1ns do inferno.\">Budismo<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/espiritos-dos-defuntos\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Defuntos cuxos esp\u00edritos seguen actuando neste mundo, esp\u00edritos do fogar, antepasados, mortos sen descanso.\">Esp\u00edrito dos defuntos<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" 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\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O preta (p\u00e1li: peta) \u00e9 unha das figuras m\u00e1is marcantes da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Concepci\u00f3n da estrutura e orde do mundo dentro dunha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmolox\u00eda<\/span> budista. Un esp\u00edrito famento de ventre inchado e gorxa fina coma un ollo de agulla, capaz de ver e desexar, pero incapaz de comer ou beber.<\/p><p>A figura converteuse en imaxe das consecuencias da avaricia k\u00e1rmica: quen en vida negou d\u00e1divas, foi mesqui\u00f1o ou malversou esmolas, renace no mundo dos pretas e sofre a correspondente carencia.<\/p><p>Nos textos do Petavatthu (parte do canon p\u00e1li), mestres budistas relatan encontros con pretas que confesan os seus actos pasados. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, un texto doutrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de Ullambana (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u201aGran veh\u00edculo'; unha das tres principais tradici\u00f3ns do budismo, co ideal do bodhisattva e unha reflexi\u00f3n filos\u00f3fica elaborada.\">mahayana<\/span>) narra como Maudgalyayana ve a s\u00faa nai defunta convertida en preta e s\u00f3 pode salvala grazas \u00e1 forza colectiva da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e1diva a unha divindade para expresar gratitude, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrenda<\/span> da Sangha.<\/p><p>Desta narraci\u00f3n xorde o c\u00e9lebre Festival dos Esp\u00edritos Famentos (Ullambana, en chin\u00e9s Yulanpen, en xapon\u00e9s Obon), celebrado en todo o mundo. A figura est\u00e1 as\u00ed, a diferenza de moitos outros demos, estreitamente ligada \u00e1 pr\u00e1ctica ritual do calendario anual.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nunha ollada: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipo:<\/strong> Esp\u00edrito famento, renacemento budista<br>Orixe: Consecuencia k\u00e1rmica da avaricia, envexa, cobiza e mal uso das esmolas<br>Textos: Petavatthu (p\u00e1li), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, un texto doutrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de Ullambana, Jatakas<br>Per\u00edodo: s\u00e9c. V a.C. at\u00e9 a actualidade<br>Festa central: Festival dos Esp\u00edritos Famentos \/ Ullambana \/ Obon<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contextualizaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Desenvolvido no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A colecci\u00f3n de textos sagrados dunha relixi\u00f3n reco\u00f1ecida como vinculante.\" tabindex=\"0\">canon<\/span> p\u00e1li a partir do s\u00e9culo III a.C. co Petavatthu. Ampliaci\u00f3n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gran veh\u00edculo; unha das tres principais tradici\u00f3ns do budismo, co ideal do bodhisattva.\">mahayana<\/span> a trav\u00e9s do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, un texto doutrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de Ullambana (cambio de era, traducido ao chin\u00e9s no s\u00e9culo III d.C.). O Festival dos Esp\u00edritos Famentos establ\u00e9cese en China a partir da \u00e9poca Tang, e en Xap\u00f3n como Obon desde a \u00e9poca Nara. Pervive sen interrupci\u00f3n na actualidade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difusi\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Theravada: Sri Lanka, Tailandia, Myanmar, Laos, Camboxa (al\u00ed ligado a cultos ancestrais locais). Mahayana: China, Corea, Xap\u00f3n, Vietnam (al\u00ed especialmente activo). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u201aVeh\u00edculo de diamante'; forma t\u00e1ntrica do budismo mahayana, principalmente en Tibet, centrada na pr\u00e1ctica do yidam e na t\u00e9cnica do mantra.\">Vajrayana<\/span>: Tibet, Mongolia. Comunidades budistas h\u00fangaras, mongolas e cazaquistanesas. Comunidades da di\u00e1spora moderna en todo o mundo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Petavatthu (p\u00e1li, parte do Khuddaka Nikaya), Vimanavatthu (como contrapartida complementaria), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, un texto doutrinal en forma concisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de Ullambana (s\u00e1nscrito\/chin\u00e9s), Jatakas, tradici\u00f3ns tibetanas do Libro dos Mortos, etnograf\u00eda moderna sobre o Festival dos Esp\u00edritos Famentos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e variantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>S\u00e1nscrito:<\/strong> <em>preta<\/em>; p\u00e1li <em>peta<\/em>; feminino <em>pretani<\/em>.<br>Chin\u00e9s: \u9913\u9b3c (<em>E Gui<\/em>, \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> famento&#8221;).<br>Xapon\u00e9s: <em>Gaki<\/em>.<br>Tibetano: <em>yidag<\/em>.<br>Etimolox\u00eda: de <em>pra-i<\/em> \u201eir adiante&#8221;, orixinalmente \u201edefunto&#8221;, m\u00e1is tarde especializado na clase dos esp\u00edritos famentos.<\/p><p>O termo mostra moi ben esta evoluci\u00f3n: en \u00e9poca v\u00e9dica, <em>preta<\/em> designaba simplemente o defunto na fase intermedia previa ao renacemento. O budismo especifica: certos mortos conv\u00e9rtense en esp\u00edritos famentos, segundo o seu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo, budismo e xainismo, a lei da consecuencia dos actos: cada acci\u00f3n repercute nas existencias posteriores.\">karma<\/span>. A partir desta especializaci\u00f3n xorde a clase dos pretas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edsticas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aparencia<\/strong><\/p><p>Ventre enorme e inchado, boca min\u00fascula, gorxa fina coma o ollo dunha agulla, membros delgados. Mirada afamada e cobizosa, moitas veces con boca en chamas (toda bebida v\u00f3lvese lume). 36 clases de pretas segundo a demonolox\u00eda cl\u00e1sica, cada unha con padecementos espec\u00edficos.<\/p><p><strong>Comportamento<\/strong><\/p><p>Busca alimento continuamente, pero non pode comer. Condenado a estar sempre famento. Ve auga que se converte en pus; ve alimentos que arden. Ach\u00e9gase ao ulir das <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ofrenda a unha divindade para expresar agradecemento, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrendas<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c1mbito de acci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>Ten o seu propio Pretaloka (mundo dos pretas) na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Concepci\u00f3n sobre a estrutura e a orde do mundo dentro dunha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmolox\u00eda<\/span> budista, comparte espazo co mundo humano pero perc\u00edbeo doutro xeito. Frecuentemente cerca de antigos lugares de vida. En China, tradicionalmente \u00e9 \u00abliberado\u00bb do inframundo durante a s\u00e9tima fase lunar.<\/p><p><strong>Clasificaci\u00f3n mitol\u00f3xica<\/strong><\/p><p>Non \u00e9 unha creaci\u00f3n, sen\u00f3n unha consecuencia da reencarnaci\u00f3n. Xorde da avaricia, a envexa, o roubo de esmolas ou o abuso de ofrendas relixiosas. A duraci\u00f3n da existencia como preta est\u00e1 fixada polo peso k\u00e1rmico, moitas veces moi longa; alg\u00fans textos falan de kalpas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ficha: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os aspectos m\u00e1is importantes do preta dun vistazo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Orixe<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reencarnaci\u00f3n k\u00e1rmica por avaricia, envexa e abuso de ofrendas. Non \u00e9 unha creaci\u00f3n, sen\u00f3n unha forma de existencia dentro da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Concepci\u00f3n sobre a estrutura e a orde do mundo dentro dunha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmolox\u00eda<\/span> budista.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Colectivo obxecto do preta<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antigos seres humanos con acumulaci\u00f3n de karma negativo. En tradici\u00f3ns posteriores tam\u00e9n vinculados a lugares e familias concretas (pretas ancestrais).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ventre inchado, boca min\u00fascula, gorxa fina coma o ollo dunha agulla, membros delgados. En certas descrici\u00f3ns, boca en chamas. 36 clases con padecementos propios.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eternamente famento, incapaz de comer. Persegue aos vivos por cobiza, ach\u00e9gase \u00e1s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ofrenda a unha divindade para expresar agradecemento, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrendas<\/span>. Pode causar enfermidade nas casas que descoiden os antepasados.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protecci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ofrendas e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regrada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> de Ullambana (para pretas lembrados polo seu nome), recitaci\u00f3n do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, un texto doutrinal de forma breve.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> de Ullambana, ofrenda de auga e arroz. No <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Veh\u00edculo de diamante; forma t\u00e1ntrica do budismo mahayana, principalmente no T\u00edbet, coa pr\u00e1ctica do yidam no centro.\">Vajrayana<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regrada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> tsok con <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e1diva a unha divindade para expresar gratitude, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrendas<\/span> compartidas para todos os seres.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos do preta<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E Gui (chin\u00e9s), Gaki (xapon\u00e9s), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a>, Pishacha, e figuras cristi\u00e1s do purgatorio como almas de transici\u00f3n estruturalmente af\u00edns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rito e festa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ullambana\/Festival dos Fantasmas Famentos<\/strong><\/p><p>No s\u00e9timo mes lunar (xeralmente en agosto), segundo a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos ao longo de xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3n oral<\/span>, \u00e1brense as portas do inframundo e os pretas chegan ao mundo dos vivos. Os crentes fan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e1diva a unha divindade para expresar gratitude, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrendas<\/span>, recitan sutras e erguen altares. As tradici\u00f3ns budistas e dao\u00edstas \u00fanense nunha das maiores festas de relixiosidade popular de Asia Oriental.<\/p><p><strong>Obon en Xap\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>Durante o per\u00edodo de Obon (xeralmente do 13 ao 16 de agosto) rec\u00edbense os antepasados. Hai danzas Bon-Odori, lumes \u00e1s portas das casas e visitas aos cemiterios. A vinculaci\u00f3n coa liberaci\u00f3n da nai (o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relato transmitido sobre deuses, orixes e a orde do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> de Mulian\/Maudgalyayana) ten unha forte carga emocional.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regrada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> na vida coti\u00e1<\/strong><\/p><p>No Theravada: ofrenda de auga aos pretas durante a comida do pindapata. No Vajrayana: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e1diva a unha divindade para expresar gratitude, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrendas<\/span> de fume sur, e a pr\u00e1ctica diaria de &#8220;alimentar os pretas&#8221; como parte da ofrenda ritual. No Mahayana: entrega dos nomes dos familiares falecidos nos mosteiros para a recitaci\u00f3n regular de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, un texto doutrinal de forma breve.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutras<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos e modernidade<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Esp\u00edritos famentos entre culturas<\/strong><\/p><p>E Gui (China) e Gaki (Xap\u00f3n) son traduci\u00f3ns directas e a mesma figura na s\u00faa forma do leste de Asia. Pishacha (hindu\u00edsmo) comparte o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> da fame coa especificidade de devorador de cad\u00e1veres. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> e os lemures romanos son almas de transici\u00f3n estruturalmente af\u00edns.<\/p><p><strong>Interpretaci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3xica e ecol\u00f3xica:<\/strong> Mestres budistas modernos (Thich Nhat Hanh) interpretan os pretas tam\u00e9n en sentido psicol\u00f3xico, como un estado de insatisfacci\u00f3n perpetua a pesar da posesi\u00f3n material. En termos ecol\u00f3xicos, o preta lese como imaxe do consumo insaciable, unha figura did\u00e1ctica moi vixente na actualidade.<\/p><p><strong>Cultura popular:<\/strong> O anime e o manga xaponeses citan con frecuencia os motivos do gaki. O Festival dos Fantasmas Famentos est\u00e1 comercializado, pero segue sendo relixiosamente importante. Na fantas\u00eda occidental, os pretas foron adaptados como monstro propio.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26fd4bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26fd4bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ca3f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ca3f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O fundamento da existencia do preta no pensamento k\u00e1rmico<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5a782f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb5a782f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf49c5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf49c5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O renacemento como <em>preta<\/em> (en pali <em>peta<\/em>) consid\u00e9rase no cosmos budista consecuencia dun conxunto claramente definido de acci\u00f3ns. Textos como o <em>Petavatthu<\/em>, unha colecci\u00f3n de cincuenta e un relatos de espectros inclu\u00edda no Khuddaka Nikaya do canon pali, atrib\u00faen o nacemento no reino dos esp\u00edritos famentos sobre todo \u00e1 avareza, \u00e1 cobiza, \u00e1 negativa de dar esmola e ao feito de negar alimento aos necesitados.<\/p><p>O castigo reflicte o acto: quen non deu nada en vida sofre como un ser de garganta fina coma unha agulla e ventre enorme, que nunca chega a saciarse.<\/p><p>Esta correspondencia especular non \u00e9 casual, sen\u00f3n expresi\u00f3n da doutrina budista segundo a cal o efecto k\u00e1rmico corresponde \u00e1 natureza da causa. O <em>Petavatthu<\/em> narra o caso de mulleres que ofreceron alimentos podres aos h\u00f3spedes e agora deben devorar pus e excremento, ou o dun home que insultou monxes e agora vaga con boca en descomposici\u00f3n.<\/p><p>O comentario de Dhammapala, o <em>Petavatthu-atthakatha<\/em>, atrib\u00fae cada relato a un delito concreto e converte as\u00ed a colecci\u00f3n nun manual moral.<\/p><p>\u00c9 importante a limitaci\u00f3n temporal. A diferenza do renacemento infernal, que abarca per\u00edodos enormemente longos a\u00ednda que igualmente finitos, a existencia como preta consid\u00e9rase un estado que pode acurtarse mediante o karma positivo restante ou mediante a transferencia de m\u00e9rito por parte dos vivos.<\/p><p>Deste modo, o reino dos esp\u00edritos famentos ocupa unha posici\u00f3n intermedia entre os seis \u00e1mbitos de existencia, entre os seres infernais e os animais. \u00c9 un lugar de carencia, non de tortura activa.<\/p><p>A \u00e9tica budista extrae disto unha dobre lecci\u00f3n. Por unha banda, a imaxe dos pretas serve como disuasi\u00f3n contra a avareza. Pola outra, fundamenta a pr\u00e1ctica central da xenerosidade (<em>dana<\/em>): a xenerosidade consid\u00e9rase o cami\u00f1o que precisamente evita o reino dos esp\u00edritos famentos.<\/p><p>O preta \u00e9, as\u00ed, menos unha imaxe de terror que unha figura pedag\u00f3xica na que se fai visible a relaci\u00f3n entre acci\u00f3n e consecuencia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9f2f2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9f2f2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf68fe07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf68fe07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A festa dos espectros e a transferencia de m\u00e9ritos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11fbd0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp11fbd0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6817619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6817619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A atenci\u00f3n ritual aos esp\u00edritos famentos \u00e9 unha das pr\u00e1cticas m\u00e1is antigas e difundidas do budismo. O seu fundamento can\u00f3nico at\u00f3pase no <em>Tirokudda Sutta<\/em> do Khuddaka Nikaya, onde o Buda explica que as ofrendas feitas en nome de parentes falecidos \u00e1 comunidade mon\u00e1stica poden beneficiar aos familiares renacidos como pretas.<\/p><p>O mecanismo ch\u00e1mase transferencia de m\u00e9rito (<em>pattidana<\/em>): o vivo xera m\u00e9rito mediante unha boa acci\u00f3n e ded\u00edcao explicitamente ao defunto, que se alegra por iso e as\u00ed se ve aliviado.<\/p><p>A partir desta idea desenvolveuse en Asia Oriental a gran festa dos espectros.<\/p><p>En China ch\u00e1mase <em>Yulanpen<\/em> e cel\u00e9brase no s\u00e9timo mes lunar; en Xap\u00f3n, <em>Obon<\/em>.<\/p><p>A s\u00faa base \u00e9 o <em>Yulanpen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo e no budismo, un texto doutrinal en forma breve.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>, que narra a historia do monxe Maudgalyayana: coa s\u00faa visi\u00f3n sobrenatural ve \u00e1 s\u00faa nai falecida sufrindo como esp\u00edrito famento e non pode salvala s\u00f3, sen\u00f3n unicamente mediante unha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O obxecto concreto ou o alimento que se ofrece a unha divindade.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrenda<\/span> conxunta de toda a comunidade mon\u00e1stica ao final da tempada de choivas.<\/p><p>A festa combina as\u00ed a piedade filial coa l\u00f3xica soteriol\u00f3xica budista.<\/p><p>Na pr\u00e1ctica, durante a festa col\u00f3canse alimentos, bebidas e di\u00f1eiro simb\u00f3lico, rec\u00edtanse sutras e enc\u00e9ndense l\u00e1mpadas. No mundo budista theravada de Sri Lanka e do sueste asi\u00e1tico existen ofrendas de esmola equivalentes aos monxes en nome dos defuntos, moitas veces ao s\u00e9timo d\u00eda, aos tres meses e ao ano.<\/p><p>O budismo tibetano co\u00f1ece o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regulada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> do <em>sur<\/em>, unha ofrenda de fume feita con alimentos queimados, cuxo aroma debe nutrir aos esp\u00edritos famentos, xa que a s\u00faa garganta estreita non pode acoller alimento s\u00f3lido.<\/p><p>Estes rituais mostran que o preta, no budismo vivido, non \u00e9 unha figura doutrinal afastada, sen\u00f3n un ser co que se mant\u00e9n unha relaci\u00f3n continuada. O defunto segue formando parte da familia, e a s\u00faa atenci\u00f3n \u00e9 un deber dos que quedan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6c2679 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6c2679\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp463f07c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp463f07c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A representaci\u00f3n iconogr\u00e1fica na roda da vida<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb0d1ef8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb0d1ef8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp072efc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp072efc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A imaxe m\u00e1is difundida dos esp\u00edritos famentos at\u00f3pase no <em>bhavachakra<\/em>, a roda da vida budista que decora a entrada de moitos mosteiros tibetanos. O c\u00edrculo est\u00e1 dividido en seis segmentos, un dos cales representa o reino dos pretas.<\/p><p>A convenci\u00f3n iconogr\u00e1fica \u00e9 fixa: membros finos, un ventre inchado, un pescozo longo e delgado e unha boca min\u00fascula, moitas veces tan pequena como o ollo dunha agulla. Esta anatom\u00eda fai visible corporalmente o castigo: a fame \u00e9 insaciable porque o corpo non pode absorber o alimento.<\/p><p>Con frecuencia a pintura mostra un Buda que aparece ante os pretas e lles ofrece ensinanza curativa ou alimento. Esta figura repres\u00e9ntase xeralmente en vermello ou amarelo e indica que, mesmo no reino dos esp\u00edritos famentos, o cami\u00f1o cara \u00e1 liberaci\u00f3n non est\u00e1 totalmente pechado.<\/p><p>A paisaxe do reino dos pretas aparece como unha chaira \u00e1rida e seca, \u00e1s veces con r\u00edos que, ao intentar bebelos, se converten en pus, sangue ou lume.<\/p><p>Os textos tibetanos diferencian a\u00ednda m\u00e1is os esp\u00edritos famentos. Unha clasificaci\u00f3n habitual distingue entre pretas con obst\u00e1culos externos, que simplemente non atopan alimento, pretas con obst\u00e1culos internos, cuxo corpo impide a s\u00faa absorci\u00f3n, e pretas para os que o propio alimento constit\u00fae o tormento. Esta sistematizaci\u00f3n aparece, por exemplo, no <em>Xoia da liberaci\u00f3n<\/em> de Gampopa, do s\u00e9culo XII.<\/p><p>Na arte da Asia Oriental os esp\u00edritos famentos aparecen tam\u00e9n f\u00f3ra da roda da vida. O rolo pict\u00f3rico xapon\u00e9s <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em>, da \u00e9poca Heian, hoxe conservado en museos de Toquio e Quioto, mostra en varias escenas esp\u00edritos famentos que se atopan en cemiterios, latrinas e lugares de ofrenda, vivindo entre os humanos sen que estes o perciban.<\/p><p>Este rolo consid\u00e9rase unha das obras principais da pintura xaponesa medieval e demostra o concreto que era esta crenza na vida coti\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp653e979 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp653e979\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf700548 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf700548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ra\u00edces prebudistas e o preta v\u00e9dico<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa99ec33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa99ec33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d0367b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8d0367b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O termo <em>preta<\/em> non ten orixe budista, sen\u00f3n que procede do vocabulario relixioso m\u00e1is antigo da India. Literalmente significa o que foi antes ou o falecido, formado a partir do prefixo <em>pra<\/em> e unha ra\u00edz co significado de ir.<\/p><p>Nos textos v\u00e9dicos e no hindu\u00edsmo temper\u00e1n, <em>preta<\/em> designaba simplemente o recentemente falecido, que se atopaba nun estado intermedio antes de converterse, mediante os rituais funerarios, nun <em>pitr<\/em>, un antepasado.<\/p><p>Esta transici\u00f3n est\u00e1 regulada con precisi\u00f3n no ritual hindu\u00edsta. Os ritos <em>shraddha<\/em>, as ofrendas de alimento aos mortos, te\u00f1en como fin conducir o preta inestable \u00e1 comunidade ordenada dos antepasados.<\/p><p>Se non se realizan, ou se algu\u00e9n morre dunha morte deficiente, o falecido pode permanecer como preta sen sosego. Nesta concepci\u00f3n, o preta non \u00e9 un \u00e1mbito de existencia propio, sen\u00f3n unha fase de transici\u00f3n perigosa que debe ser resolta mediante o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regrada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> correcto.<\/p><p>O budismo tomou o termo, pero transformouno. O estado intermedio temporal converteuse nun dos seis \u00e1mbitos fixos de existencia do ciclo de renacementos, ao que se nace por completo segundo un karma determinado.<\/p><p>A vinculaci\u00f3n cos ritos funerarios mant\u00edvose, pero desprazouse da obriga de crear un antepasado \u00e1 posibilidade de transferir m\u00e9rito a un ser que sofre.<\/p><p>Esta ra\u00edz com\u00fan explica por que as pr\u00e1cticas funerarias hindu\u00edstas e budistas se asemellan a mi\u00fado e resultan dif\u00edciles de separar na relixiosidade vivida do sur de Asia.<\/p><p>Tam\u00e9n mostra que o preta budista non xurdiu do nada, sen\u00f3n que incorporou unha antiga idea india a un novo sistema cosmol\u00f3xico. Quen queira comprender esta figura debe ter en conta esta estratificaci\u00f3n, a prehistoria v\u00e9dica e a reinterpretaci\u00f3n budista.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77bf53f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp77bf53f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp083baac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp083baac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Difusi\u00f3n e transformaci\u00f3n nas culturas budistas de Asia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b61d6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b61d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c34744 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8c34744\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Coa expansi\u00f3n do budismo, tam\u00e9n viaxou a idea do esp\u00edrito famento, que se adaptou \u00e1s condici\u00f3ns locais. Nos pa\u00edses theravada, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Tailandia, Laos e Camboxa, mant\u00edvose un v\u00ednculo forte co <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A colecci\u00f3n de escrituras sagradas dunha relixi\u00f3n reco\u00f1ecida como vinculante.\" tabindex=\"0\">canon<\/span> pali e co <em>Petavatthu<\/em>.<\/p><p>Aqu\u00ed a idea do preta fundiuse en parte coas crenzas locais sobre esp\u00edritos, como os <em>phi<\/em> tailandeses, de xeito que o esp\u00edrito famento budista non sempre se distingue con claridade doutros mortos sen sosego.<\/p><p>En China, a idea atopouse cunha cultura de culto aos antepasados xa moi desenvolvida. O esp\u00edrito famento, en chin\u00e9s <em>egui<\/em>, quedou estreitamente ligado \u00e1 preocupaci\u00f3n polos mortos esquecidos ou sen descendencia. Quen non ten descendentes que lle fagan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ofrenda a unha divindade para expresar gratitude, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrendas<\/span> corre o risco de converterse nun <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser sen corpo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae unha acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> famento.<\/p><p>A festa dos fantasmas do s\u00e9timo mes converteuse en unha das celebraci\u00f3ns m\u00e1is importantes do ano, cando se abren as portas do inframundo e os esp\u00edritos vagan libremente. Aqu\u00ed uniuse a doutrina budista da salvaci\u00f3n con elementos dao\u00edstas e de relixiosidade popular.<\/p><p>O budismo tibetano sistematizou os esp\u00edritos famentos nos seus textos sobre o cami\u00f1o gradual e desenvolveu unha forma ritual propia coa ofrenda de fume <em>sur<\/em>. A figura do <em>yidak<\/em>, como se chama o preta en tibetano, est\u00e1 profundamente arraigada na conciencia popular, xa que a roda da vida \u00e9 visible na entrada de cada mosteiro.<\/p><p>En Xap\u00f3n, o esp\u00edrito famento acadou finalmente unha forma art\u00edstica de gran relevancia coa <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> e mant\u00edvose presente na festa de Obon. O termo <em>gaki<\/em> converteuse mesmo, no xapon\u00e9s moderno, nun insulto coloquial para un neno voraz ou malcriado, unha proba de at\u00e9 que punto esta idea relixiosa penetrou na linguaxe coti\u00e1.<\/p><p>Esta variedade cultural mostra que o preta non permaneceu como unha figura doutrinal r\u00edxida, sen\u00f3n que se converteu nun elemento vivo e adaptable do mundo budista.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ligaz\u00f3ns relacionadas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ligaz\u00f3ns internas recomendadas:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/budismo\/\">Budismo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/\">Mara<\/a>, Yamad\u016bta, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/gardians-naraka\/\">Gardi\u00e1ns do Naraka<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/dakini\/\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/gui\/\">Gui<\/a> (China), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/pishacha\/\">Pishacha<\/a> (hindu\u00edsmo), paralelismos<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> (Edimmu como motivo precursor)<\/li><li>Festa de Ullambana\/Obon<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fontes e bibliograf\u00eda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Unha selecci\u00f3n de obras clave sobre o Preta:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Gehman, Henry S.: <em>Petavatthu. Stories of the Departed<\/em>. Oxford 1942.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Robert J.: <em>Ancestor Worship in Contemporary Japan<\/em>. Stanford 1974.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cuevas, Bryan J.: <em>Travels in the Netherworld. Buddhist Popular Narratives of Death and the Afterlife in Tibet<\/em>. Oxford 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gombrich, Richard: <em>Precept and Practice<\/em>. Oxford 1971.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>M\u00e1is obras de referencia no <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/literatura\/\">\u00edndice bibliogr\u00e1fico<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-preta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">A pr\u00e1ctica de protecci\u00f3n aqu\u00ed descrita \u00e9 unha clasificaci\u00f3n desde a ciencia das relixi\u00f3ns de tradici\u00f3ns hist\u00f3ricas. iWell Guard retoma esta li\u00f1a cultural e hist\u00f3rica de obxectos protectores port\u00e1tiles e representa unha forma contempor\u00e1nea desta. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">M\u00e1is sobre o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efee16 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7efee16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2508526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Preguntas frecuentes sobre os Preta<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Que son os pretas no budismo?<\/h3><p>Os preta (do s\u00e1nscrito, &#8220;os diferentes&#8221;; en tibetano yi-dvags) son no budismo os esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos, un dos seis \u00e1mbitos de existencia da reencarnaci\u00f3n. Son seres de ventre enorme e boca min\u00fascula ou pescozo de agulla: nunca poden saciarse, pois todo alimento se converte en cinsa en canto entra na s\u00faa boca.<\/p><p>No Bhavachakra (a roda tibetana da vida) aparecen representados de forma iconogr\u00e1fica caracter\u00edstica. A causa k\u00e1rmica \u00e9 a avaricia, a cobiza e o ego\u00edsmo en vida: quen negou alimento aos demais nace de novo como un preta fam\u00e9lico.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Que \u00e9 a festa budista dos esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos?<\/h3><p>A festa dos esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos (en chin\u00e9s Yulanpen, en xapon\u00e9s Obon, en coreano Baekjung) \u00e9 unha das festas m\u00e1is importantes do budismo popular no leste asi\u00e1tico, celebrada no s\u00e9timo mes lunar. Ten a s\u00faa orixe na historia de Maudgaly\u0101yana, un disc\u00edpulo de Buda, que atopa a s\u00faa nai no reino dos preta e non pode alimentala directamente.<\/p><p>Buda ens\u00ednalle que as ofrendas feitas a trav\u00e9s da Sangha (a comunidade mon\u00e1stica) ao final do retiro das chuvias chegan aos esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos. Diso xurdiu a gran festa do leste asi\u00e1tico, con ofrendas para os defuntos, representaci\u00f3ns de danza (Bon Odori) e o simb\u00f3lico flotar de lanternas.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Que son os pretas no budismo?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Os preta (do s\u00e1nscrito, \\\"os diferentes\\\"; en tibetano yi-dvags) son no budismo os esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos, un dos seis \u00e1mbitos de existencia da reencarnaci\u00f3n. Son seres de ventre enorme e boca min\u00fascula ou pescozo de agulla: nunca poden saciarse, pois todo alimento se converte en cinsa en canto entra na s\u00faa boca. No Bhavachakra (a roda tibetana da vida) aparecen representados de forma iconogr\u00e1fica caracter\u00edstica. A causa k\u00e1rmica \u00e9 a avaricia, a cobiza e o ego\u00edsmo en vida: quen negou alimento aos demais nace de novo como un preta fam\u00e9lico.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Que \u00e9 a festa budista dos esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A festa dos esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos (en chin\u00e9s Yulanpen, en xapon\u00e9s Obon, en coreano Baekjung) \u00e9 unha das festas m\u00e1is importantes do budismo popular no leste asi\u00e1tico, celebrada no s\u00e9timo mes lunar. Ten a s\u00faa orixe na historia de Maudgaly\u0101yana, un disc\u00edpulo de Buda, que atopa a s\u00faa nai no reino dos preta e non pode alimentala directamente. Buda ens\u00ednalle que as ofrendas feitas a trav\u00e9s da Sangha (a comunidade mon\u00e1stica) ao final do retiro das chuvias chegan aos esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos. Diso xurdiu a gran festa do leste asi\u00e1tico, con ofrendas para os defuntos, representaci\u00f3ns de danza (Bon Odori) e o simb\u00f3lico flotar de lanternas.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1678,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Preta","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Preta - Esp\u00edrito famento coa gorxa en forma de ollo de agulla","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"O preta (p\u00e1li: peta) \u00e9 unha das figuras m\u00e1is marcantes da cosmolox\u00eda budista. Un esp\u00edrito famento de ventre inchado e gorxa fina coma un ollo de agulla","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-194633","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Preta - Esp\u00edrito famento coa gorxa en forma de ollo de agulla<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O preta (p\u00e1li: peta) \u00e9 unha das figuras m\u00e1is marcantes da cosmolox\u00eda budista. 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