{"id":194632,"date":"2026-09-07T09:37:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=194632"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","slug":"mara","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/","title":{"rendered":"Mara"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"194632\" class=\"elementor elementor-194632 elementor-1207\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara, deus da tradici\u00f3n budista<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>O tentador na \u00e1rbore Bodhi, se\u00f1or do mundo dos sentidos.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-mara\">A tentaci\u00f3n de Buda por Mara<\/h2>\n<p>A escena principal de Mara \u00e9 a <strong>tentaci\u00f3n do bodhisattva Siddhartha<\/strong> baixo a <strong>\u00e1rbore Bodhi<\/strong> en Bodhgaya. Rel\u00e1tanse tres fases de xeito <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Que pertence ao conxunto de escrituras dunha relixi\u00f3n reco\u00f1ecido como vinculante.\" tabindex=\"0\">can\u00f3nico<\/span>: primeiro, a aparici\u00f3n cos <strong>ex\u00e9rcitos dos demos<\/strong> (Trishna, Raga, Arati, desexo, luxuria, desgusto); segundo, o env\u00edo das s\u00faas <strong>tres fillas<\/strong> (Tanha, Arati, Raga) en forma seductora; terceiro, a tentaci\u00f3n mediante a d\u00fabida e o desaf\u00edo (\u00abQuen \u00e9 testemu\u00f1a dos teus m\u00e9ritos?\u00bb).<\/p><p>Siddhartha toca a terra, a <em>bh\u016bmispar\u015ba-mudr\u0101<\/em>, e a deusa da terra testemu\u00f1a a s\u00faa perfecci\u00f3n. Mara \u00e9 vencido. Os seus catro ex\u00e9rcitos son <em>k\u0101ma<\/em> (desexo), <em>arati<\/em> (malestar), <em>k\u1e63ut-pip\u0101s\u0101<\/em> (fame e sede), <em>t\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47\u0101<\/em> (avidez). No budismo Mahayana, Mara ampl\u00edase a <strong>catro Maras<\/strong>: Skandha-Mara (os cinco agregados), Klesha-Mara (as confusi\u00f3ns), Mrityu-Mara (a morte), Devaputra-Mara (a tentaci\u00f3n celestial). Na tradici\u00f3n budista, Mara aparece como deus da tentaci\u00f3n que se op\u00f3n ao cami\u00f1o cara ao Espertar.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Deus \/ Deusa: Poder supremo personificado no pante\u00f3n dunha cultura, con competencias claras, forzas da natureza, destino, guerra, fertilidade. Venerado mediante cultos, ofrendas e instituci\u00f3ns de templo.\">Deus<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/budismo\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradici\u00f3n budista con bodhisattvas, divindades protectoras, esp\u00edritos fam\u00e9licos e gardi\u00e1ns do inferno.\">Budismo<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/anti-deuses\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Poderes do caos e antagonistas c\u00f3smicos, adversarios no dualismo da historia relixiosa.\">Anti-deus<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Non se atoparon t\\u00edtulos nesta p\\u00e1xina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-197129\" alt=\"Mara - deuses da tradici\u00f3n budista, ilustraci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda: baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi en Bodhgaya, Mara env\u00eda o seu ex\u00e9rcito e as s\u00faas tres fillas, o desexo, a aversi\u00f3n e a avidez, para desviar ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No budismo Mahayana, un ser esclarecido que aprazar a s\u00faa propia liberaci\u00f3n en favor da ensinanza para outros seres.\">bodhisattva<\/span> da iluminaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No budismo Mahayana, un ser esclarecido que aprazar a s\u00faa liberaci\u00f3n en favor da ensinanza para outros seres.\">bodhisattva<\/span> toca a terra como testemu\u00f1a, a terra trema, Mara ret\u00edrase. Esta escena est\u00e1 difundida iconograficamente por todo o mundo e \u00e9 central desde o punto de vista teol\u00f3xico.<\/p><p>Mara non \u00e9 un deus opositor c\u00f3smico no sentido monote\u00edsta. \u00c9 se\u00f1or do <em>Kamadhatu<\/em> (mundo dos sentidos), unha figura deva que, por apego e orgullo, converteuse en obst\u00e1culo do cami\u00f1o.<\/p><p>Nunha interpretaci\u00f3n budista m\u00e1is ampla existen catro Maras: Skandha-Mara (os agregados), Kleshamara (as impurezas), Marana-Mara (a morte), Devaputra-Mara (o Mara deva, a figura persoal). Todos eles designan obst\u00e1culos no cami\u00f1o cara \u00e1 liberaci\u00f3n. Isto converte a doutrina de Mara nunha teor\u00eda abarcadora de todo aquilo que se interp\u00f3n na pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil breve: Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipo:<\/strong> Tentador, se\u00f1or do mundo dos sentidos<br>Orixe: deva do Kamadhatu; segundo alg\u00fans textos, ca\u00eddo por orgullo<br>Catro Maras: Skandha, Klesha, Marana, Devaputra<br>Textos: Canon pali (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de escrituras sagradas dunha relixi\u00f3n reco\u00f1ecido como vinculante.\" tabindex=\"0\">canon<\/span>) (Padhana Sutta), Lalitavistara, Jatakas<br>Per\u00edodo: do s\u00e9culo V a. C. at\u00e9 a actualidade<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atestado desde Buda (s\u00e9culo V a. C.). O canon pali (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de escrituras sagradas dunha relixi\u00f3n reco\u00f1ecido como vinculante.\" tabindex=\"0\">canon<\/span>) (do s\u00e9culo III a. C. ao I d. C.) cont\u00e9n numerosos episodios de Mara. Os sutras <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u2018Gran veh\u00edculo\u2019; unha das tres principais tradici\u00f3ns do budismo, con ideal do bodhisattva e unha elaborada reflexi\u00f3n filos\u00f3fica.\">Mahayana<\/span> desenv\u00f3lvenos (Lalitavistara, Saddharmapundarika). O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u2018Veh\u00edculo de diamante\u2019; forma t\u00e1ntrica do budismo Mahayana, presente principalmente no T\u00edbet, centrada na pr\u00e1ctica do yidam e na t\u00e9cnica do mantra.\">Vajrayana<\/span> integra a Mara en pr\u00e1cticas de protecci\u00f3n t\u00e1ntricas. Pr\u00e1ctica budista moderna en todo o mundo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difusi\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Orixe no norte da India; coa expansi\u00f3n do budismo chegou a Sri Lanka, o Sueste Asi\u00e1tico, Asia Oriental, o T\u00edbet e \u00e1s comunidades budistas globais modernas. Imaxes locais de Mara por toda Asia, pintura de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un edificio destinado \u00e1 veneraci\u00f3n dunha ou varias divindades.\" tabindex=\"0\">templos<\/span> tailandeses, thangkas tibetanos, xilograf\u00edas xaponesas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Padhana Sutta (Sutta Nipata), Mara-Samyutta (Samyutta Nikaya), numerosos relatos Jataka, Lalitavistara (biograf\u00eda de Buda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gran veh\u00edculo; unha das tres principais tradici\u00f3ns do budismo, con ideal do bodhisattva.\">Mahayana<\/span>), tradici\u00f3n de comentarios tibetana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e variantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>S\u00e1nscrito e pali:<\/strong> <em>M\u0101ra<\/em>.<br>Ep\u00edtetos: Papiyas (\u00abo m\u00e1is malo\u00bb), Kanha (\u00abo negro\u00bb), Namuci (\u00abo que non solta\u00bb), Antaka (\u00abmorte\u00bb).<br>Catro Maras (doutrina dos catro Maras): Skandha-Mara (os agregados como obst\u00e1culo), Kleshamara (as impurezas mentais), Marana-Mara (a morte), Devaputra-Mara (o Mara persoal).<br>Asia Oriental: chin\u00e9s \u9b54 (<em>Mo<\/em>), xapon\u00e9s <em>Ma<\/em>.<\/p><p>A doutrina dos catro Maras converte a Mara en algo m\u00e1is que unha figura persoal: un sistema que describe todo aquilo que bloquea o cami\u00f1o. Isto \u00e9 filosoficamente moi rico e explica por que Mara non ten que ser simplemente vencido, sen\u00f3n que se supera mediante a comprensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edsticas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aparici\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>Como fermoso deva do Kamadhatu en plena maxestade, xuvenil e resplandecente. No ataque a Buda: sobre un elefante, cun gran ex\u00e9rcito, rodeado das s\u00faas fillas. Na forma col\u00e9rica: terrible, con armas, esbotando lume. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina que estuda os contidos das imaxes e o seu significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconograf\u00eda<\/span> var\u00eda segundo a tradici\u00f3n e o episodio.<\/p><p><strong>Comportamento<\/strong><\/p><p>Non \u00e9 violento, sen\u00f3n sedutor e psicol\u00f3xico. Env\u00eda est\u00edmulos sensoriais, medo, d\u00fabida sobre un mesmo, orgullo, autocompaix\u00f3n. As s\u00faas tres fillas, Tanha (desexo), Arati (aversi\u00f3n) e Raga (avidez), ilustran as s\u00faas formas t\u00edpicas de ataque.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c1mbito de acci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>Todo o mundo dos sentidos (Kamadhatu) \u00e9 o seu reino. O seu poder chega tan lonxe como os seres estean apegados ao sensorial. Nos umbrais do espertar, no momento baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi ou en meditaci\u00f3ns avanzadas, m\u00f3strase especialmente activo.<\/p><p><strong>Situaci\u00f3n mitol\u00f3xica<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00c9 un deva, non un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ser espiritual ao que se atrib\u00fae un efecto dani\u00f1o ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">demo<\/span> no sentido occidental. A s\u00faa figura combina unha posici\u00f3n cosmol\u00f3xica (se\u00f1or do Kamadhatu) cunha funci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3xica (representante de todos os obst\u00e1culos). Nalgunhas tradici\u00f3ns, tras a s\u00faa derrota, chega mesmo a converterse en disc\u00edpulo de Buda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ficha: Mara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os aspectos m\u00e1is importantes de Mara dun ollo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Orixe de Mara<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Deva do Kamadhatu, se\u00f1or do mundo dos sentidos. Nalg\u00fans textos, ca\u00eddo por orgullo. Nunha doutrina m\u00e1is ampla: os catro Maras como teor\u00eda xeral dos obst\u00e1culos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relacionado con<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Todos os seres apegados ao sensorial. Especialmente activo con meditadores avanzados e nos umbrais do espertar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aspecto<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fermoso deva en maxestade; sobre un elefante cun ex\u00e9rcito; con tres fillas (desexo, aversi\u00f3n, avidez). Col\u00e9rico tam\u00e9n como guerreiro terrible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Actividade<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Non a trav\u00e9s da violencia, sen\u00f3n da suxesti\u00f3n: medo, d\u00fabida, desexo, orgullo. Psicoloxicamente astuto, co\u00f1ece a cada persoa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protecci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Xesto de tocar a terra (Bhumisparsha-Mudra), recitaci\u00f3n de textos Paritta, Metta-Bhavana (meditaci\u00f3n de benevolencia), sabedor\u00eda e atenci\u00f3n plena como protecci\u00f3n de base. Non aniquilaci\u00f3n, sen\u00f3n discernimento.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Equivalentes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/satan\/\">Sat\u00e1n<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/iblis\/\">Iblis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/apophis\/\">Apofis<\/a>, o hind\u00fa Kama como deus do amor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trato na vida coti\u00e1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pr\u00e1ctica ritual<\/strong><\/p><p>Recitaci\u00f3n de Paritta (Theravada) en momentos cr\u00edticos. O Ratana Sutta (&#8220;Sutta das Xoias&#8221;) e o Karaniya Metta Sutta como textos de protecci\u00f3n centrais. Na tradici\u00f3n Mahayana, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Invocaci\u00f3n suplicante ou conxuratoria dirixida a unha divindade ou poder.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocaci\u00f3n<\/span> de bodhisattvas (Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri) contra as influencias de Mara.<\/p><p><strong>Pr\u00e1ctica meditativa<\/strong><\/p><p>A principal &#8220;defensa&#8221; fronte a Mara non \u00e9 unha defensa, sen\u00f3n o discernimento. A atenci\u00f3n plena (sati), a visi\u00f3n clara (vipassana) e a benevolencia (metta) desactivan o poder de Mara, xa que non responden \u00e1s s\u00faas tentaci\u00f3ns. O xesto de tocar a terra de Buda \u00e9 a imaxe orixinal desta pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p><p><strong>Transformaci\u00f3n no Vajrayana<\/strong><\/p><p>Nas tradici\u00f3ns t\u00e1ntricas, a enerx\u00eda de Mara non se combate, sen\u00f3n que se transforma mediante divindades de meditaci\u00f3n col\u00e9ricas (Yamantaka, Heruka). A figura do protector col\u00e9rico est\u00e1 estruturalmente vinculada \u00e1 enerx\u00eda de Mara, s\u00f3 que en forma transformada.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelismos e recepci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Paralelismos relixiosos:<\/strong> Sat\u00e1n e Iblis comparten a funci\u00f3n de tentador. A diferenza \u00e9 que Mara opera dentro do sistema do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"No hindu\u00edsmo, o budismo e o xainismo, a lei da consecuencia dos actos: cada acci\u00f3n repercute nas existencias posteriores.\">karma<\/span>, non como un contra-deus c\u00f3smico. O seu papel \u00e9 estruturalmente necesario, non malvado en sentido absoluto.<\/p><p><strong>Lectura psicol\u00f3xica:<\/strong> Mestres budistas modernos (Bhikkhu Bodhi, Stephen Batchelor) interpretan Mara en gran medida en clave psicol\u00f3xica: a suma das resistencias internas fronte ao cami\u00f1o. Isto fai que sexa directamente relevante para os meditadores actuais.<\/p><p><strong>Arte e cultura popular:<\/strong> A escena do ataque de Mara \u00e9 un dos motivos iconogr\u00e1ficos m\u00e1is importantes do budismo en todo o mundo. Repres\u00e9ntase desde Gandhara (s\u00e9culos II-V) e Borobudur at\u00e9 o manga xapon\u00e9s contempor\u00e1neo. En videoxogos e novelas de fantas\u00eda, Mara \u00e9 unha figura recorrente.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5b4d88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa5b4d88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5d02f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb5d02f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A tentaci\u00f3n baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp761498e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp761498e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96af027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp96af027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O episodio central do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Relato transmitido sobre deuses, orixes e a orde do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> de Mara \u00e9 o seu ataque contra o a\u00ednda non espertado Buda, o bodhisattva Siddhartha Gautama, na noite anterior ao seu espertar baixo a figueira de Bodhgaya.<\/p><p>Este relato transm\u00edtese en numerosos textos, entre eles o <em>Padhana Sutta<\/em> do canon Pali e, con maior extensi\u00f3n, en biograf\u00edas posteriores como o <em>Buddhacarita<\/em> de Ashvaghosha e o <em>Lalitavistara<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mara reco\u00f1ece que o bodhisattva est\u00e1 a punto de acadar o gran descubrimento e de escapar do seu dominio sobre o mundo do nacemento e a morte. Primeiro emprega os seus ex\u00e9rcitos, unha aterradora hoste de figuras demon\u00edacas que atacan con armas, tormenta, lume e escuridade.<\/p><p>Pero todos os proxect\u00eds transf\u00f3rmanse en flores ao chegar ao bodhisattva en meditaci\u00f3n. Despois, Mara env\u00eda as s\u00faas fillas, que nalg\u00fans textos se chaman Tanha, Arati e Raga (desexo, desgusto, luxuria), para seducir ao asc\u00e9tico, mais tam\u00e9n isto fracasa.<\/p><p>Finalmente, Mara pon en d\u00fabida o dereito do bodhisattva a ocupar o lugar do espertar. O bodhisattva toca a terra coa man dereita e ch\u00e1maa como testemu\u00f1a dos m\u00e9ritos acumulados durante innumerables vidas. A terra d\u00e1 testemu\u00f1o diso, Mara \u00e9 derrotado e ret\u00edrase.<\/p><p>Este xesto, <em>bhumisparsha mudra<\/em>, o xesto de tocar a terra, converteuse na forma de representaci\u00f3n m\u00e1is frecuente de Buda en toda a arte budista.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa43bb8d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa43bb8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0af113c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0af113c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mara como principio psicol\u00f3xico na doutrina can\u00f3nica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp920e0d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp920e0d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97daf06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp97daf06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nos textos m\u00e1is antigos do canon Pali, Mara non \u00e9 s\u00f3 unha figura narrativa, sen\u00f3n tam\u00e9n un concepto doutrinal. A palabra <em>mara<\/em> deriva da ra\u00edz que significa morrer e significa literalmente o que mata ou a morte. Mara encarna todo aquilo que ata os seres ao ciclo de nacemento e morte.<\/p><p>A tradici\u00f3n comentarial distingue varios aspectos ou tipos de Mara. C\u00edtanse, entre outros, Mara como <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser venerado como divino dentro dunha relixi\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> (<em>devaputta-mara<\/em>), Mara como os cinco agregados da existencia (<em>khandha-mara<\/em>), Mara como as impurezas mentais (<em>kilesa-mara<\/em>) e Mara como a propia morte (<em>maccu-mara<\/em>).<\/p><p>Mara \u00e9, as\u00ed, ao mesmo tempo un adversario concreto e unha cifra das forzas internas que impiden a liberaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>No <em>Samyutta Nikaya<\/em> at\u00f3panse numerosos encontros breves nos que Mara se presenta ante o Buda ou os seus monxes e monxas para desconcertalos, distraelos ou inducilos \u00e1 d\u00fabida. Resulta salientable a actitude das figuras espertas: simplemente reco\u00f1ecen a Mara, dir\u00edxense a el, e as\u00ed perde o seu poder.<\/p><p>A tradici\u00f3n Theravada le a mi\u00fado estas escenas como alegor\u00edas de estados internos. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ciencia que estuda as relixi\u00f3ns de forma comparativa e sen vinculaci\u00f3n de fe.\" tabindex=\"0\">ciencia das relixi\u00f3ns<\/span> subli\u00f1a que no budismo temper\u00e1n o plano m\u00edtico e o plano psicol\u00f3xico non se pensaban por separado, sen\u00f3n como d\u00faas caras dun mesmo feito.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc0e6bee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc0e6bee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp660c692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp660c692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A posici\u00f3n de Mara na cosmolox\u00eda budista<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2284b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc2284b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp89354b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp89354b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dentro da visi\u00f3n de mundo budista, Mara non \u00e9 un adversario alleo ao mundo, sen\u00f3n parte do propio cosmos da reencarnaci\u00f3n. Consid\u00e9rase o gobernante do ceo m\u00e1is elevado do mundo dos sentidos, e nalg\u00fans textos habitante do ceo <em>Paranirmita-vasavartin<\/em>. Mara \u00e9, as\u00ed, un ser poderoso de longa vida e gran poder, pero non \u00e9 eterno nin liberado.<\/p><p>O seu interese en impedir o espertar expl\u00edcase por esta posici\u00f3n. Mentres os seres permanezan no ciclo da reencarnaci\u00f3n, seguen dentro do dominio de Mara. Quen alcanza a liberaci\u00f3n escapa a este dominio. Mara non \u00e9, polo tanto, un mal absoluto no sentido dun dualismo c\u00f3smico, sen\u00f3n un poder dentro do mundo condicionado que defende o seu propio \u00e1mbito.<\/p><p>Esta construci\u00f3n diferencia claramente ao budismo das relixi\u00f3ns dualistas, nas que un principio do mal se op\u00f3n en p\u00e9 de igualdade ao ben. Mara \u00e9 poderoso, pero en principio superable, e a s\u00faa derrota non \u00e9 a destruci\u00f3n dun inimigo, sen\u00f3n o simple escapar do seu \u00e1mbito de influencia.<\/p><p>A investigaci\u00f3n sinalou que tradici\u00f3ns posteriores, especialmente no Mahayana, matizaron o papel de Mara e ata ensinaron en ocasi\u00f3ns que un ser esperto poder\u00eda tratar a Mara con compaix\u00f3n, xa que este tam\u00e9n \u00e9 un ser que sofre dentro do ciclo da existencia.<\/p><p>Existe un paralelo afastado coa figura do tentador noutras relixi\u00f3ns, por exemplo na figura que os <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/arcanxo-miguel\/\">textos cristi\u00e1ns<\/a> co\u00f1ecen como adversario, a\u00ednda que a s\u00faa ubicaci\u00f3n cosmol\u00f3xica \u00e9 radicalmente distinta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ligaz\u00f3ns relacionadas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ligaz\u00f3ns internas recomendadas:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/budismo\/\">Budismo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/preta\/\">Preta<\/a>, Yamad\u016bta, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/gardians-naraka\/\">Gardi\u00e1ns do Naraka<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/dakini\/\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/satan\/\">Sat\u00e1n<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/iblis\/\">Iblis<\/a> (paralelos do tentador)<\/li><li>O espertar do Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi<\/li><li>Doutrina dos catro Mara (Skandha, Klesha, Marana, Devaputra)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliograf\u00eda de investigaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatura\"><p>Unha selecci\u00f3n de obras centrais sobre Mara:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Boyd, James W.: <em>Satan and M\u0101ra. Christian and Buddhist Symbols of Evil<\/em>. Leiden 1975.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ling, T. O.: <em>Buddhism and the Mythology of Evil<\/em>. London 1962.<\/span><\/li><li>Nyanaponika Thera: <em>The Four Nutriments of Life<\/em>. Kandy 1981.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Walshe, Maurice: <em>The Long Discourses of the Buddha<\/em>. Boston 1995 (trad. Digha Nikaya).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Rhys Davids, Thomas W.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/bud\/sbe11\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddhist Suttas<\/a><\/em>. Oxford 1881.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>M\u00e1is obras de referencia na <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/literatura\/\">Bibliograf\u00eda<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b29ad2f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b29ad2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b50593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b50593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Preguntas frecuentes sobre Mara<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Quen \u00e9 Mara na tradici\u00f3n budista?<\/h3><p>Mara (do s\u00e1nscrito, morte, tentador) \u00e9 no budismo a personificaci\u00f3n da tentaci\u00f3n, do apego mundano e da morte.<\/p><p>Mara enfrontouse ao Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi e intentou impedir a s\u00faa iluminaci\u00f3n, con ex\u00e9rcitos de demos, coas s\u00faas tres fillas (desexo, desgusto, luxuria) e coa acusaci\u00f3n de que o Buda non ti\u00f1a dereito \u00e1 iluminaci\u00f3n. O Buda tocou a terra, que o chamou como testemu\u00f1a, e venceu a Mara pola s\u00faa firmeza.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cales son os catro Maras no budismo?<\/h3><p>A doutrina budista distingue catro aspectos de Mara: (1) Skandha-Mara, a tentaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s dos cinco agregados da existencia (corpo, sensaci\u00f3n, percepci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3ns mentais, consciencia); (2) Klesha-Mara, a tentaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s das contaminaci\u00f3ns (avidez, odio, ilusi\u00f3n); (3) Mrtyu-Mara, a propia morte; (4) Devaputra-Mara, o tentador celestial (a figura personificada). Os catro deben ser superados no cami\u00f1o cara \u00e1 liberaci\u00f3n.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quen \u00e9 Mara na tradici\u00f3n budista?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Mara (do s\u00e1nscrito, morte, tentador) \u00e9 no budismo a personificaci\u00f3n da tentaci\u00f3n, do apego mundano e da morte. Mara enfrontouse ao Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi e intentou impedir a s\u00faa iluminaci\u00f3n, con ex\u00e9rcitos de demos, coas s\u00faas tres fillas (desexo, desgusto, luxuria) e coa acusaci\u00f3n de que o Buda non ti\u00f1a dereito \u00e1 iluminaci\u00f3n. O Buda tocou a terra, que o chamou como testemu\u00f1a, e venceu a Mara pola s\u00faa firmeza.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cales son os catro Maras no budismo?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A doutrina budista distingue catro aspectos de Mara: (1) Skandha-Mara, a tentaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s dos cinco agregados da existencia (corpo, sensaci\u00f3n, percepci\u00f3n, formaci\u00f3ns mentais, consciencia); (2) Klesha-Mara, a tentaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s das contaminaci\u00f3ns (avidez, odio, ilusi\u00f3n); (3) Mrtyu-Mara, a propia morte; (4) Devaputra-Mara, o tentador celestial (a figura personificada). Os catro deben ser superados no cami\u00f1o cara \u00e1 liberaci\u00f3n.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1554,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Mara, o tentador budista","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mara \u2013 deus da tradici\u00f3n budista","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-194632","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mara \u2013 deus da tradici\u00f3n budista<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"gl_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mara\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-07T09:41:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/\",\"name\":\"Mara \u2013 deus da tradici\u00f3n budista\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T09:37:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T09:41:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"gl-ES\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"gl-ES\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Deuses da tradici\u00f3n budista.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/?page_id=194562\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Mara\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"gl-ES\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"gl-ES\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Mara\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T09:37:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T09:41:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/gl\\\/mara\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"gl-ES\",\"description\":\"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Mara \u2013 deus da tradici\u00f3n budista","description":"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/","og_locale":"gl_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mara","og_description":"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-07T09:41:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Mara","datePublished":"2026-09-07T09:37:08+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","inLanguage":"gl-ES","description":"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/","name":"Mara \u2013 deus da tradici\u00f3n budista","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-07T09:37:08+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15+00:00","description":"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"gl-ES","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"gl-ES","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Deuses da tradici\u00f3n budista."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/?page_id=194562"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Mara"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"gl-ES"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"gl-ES","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"gl-ES","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Mara","datePublished":"2026-09-07T09:37:08+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mara\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_mara.webp","inLanguage":"gl-ES","description":"Mara \u00e9 a figura antagonista central da tradici\u00f3n budista. A s\u00faa escena m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida \u00e9 a noite anterior ao Espertar de Buda baixo a \u00e1rbore Bodhi."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/194632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=194632"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/194632\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=194632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=194632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}