{"id":194610,"date":"2026-09-07T09:36:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=194610"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","slug":"alp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/alp\/","title":{"rendered":"Alp"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"194610\" class=\"elementor elementor-194610 elementor-1028\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp, esp\u00edrito da tradici\u00f3n xerm\u00e1nica<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>O esp\u00edrito nocturno da opresi\u00f3n da tradici\u00f3n popular alem\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esp\u00edrito: Entidade incorp\u00f3rea ou semicorp\u00f3rea, defuntos, seres da natureza, esp\u00edritos do fogar ou gardi\u00e1ns de limiares. Act\u00faa na vida coti\u00e1, a mi\u00fado ligado a lugares ou familias.\">Esp\u00edrito<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/germanico\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mundo precristi\u00e1n de deuses e esp\u00edritos do norte e centro de Europa.\">Xerm\u00e1nico<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Non se atoparon t\\u00edtulos nesta p\\u00e1xina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-197024\" alt=\"Alp - Esp\u00edritos da tradici\u00f3n xerm\u00e1nica, hist\u00f3rico-ilustrativo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_alp.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alp \u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> da tradici\u00f3n xerm\u00e1nica.<\/p><p>O Alp \u00e9 a figura cl\u00e1sica da <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de percepci\u00f3n no que a conciencia se desperta pero o corpo segue paralizado pola aton\u00eda REM; a mi\u00fado asociado a alucinaci\u00f3ns.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">paralise do sono<\/a> na tradici\u00f3n popular centroeuropea. Un pequeno e pesado <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span> s\u00e9ntase pola noite sobre o peito da persoa que dorme, qu\u00edtalle a respiraci\u00f3n e provoca experiencias de pesadelo. A palabra alem\u00e1 \u201eAlbtraum&#8221; (pesadelo) mant\u00e9n a figura viva no vocabulario at\u00e9 hoxe, un dos poucos nomes de demos medievais que permaneceron presentes na lingua sen diminu\u00edr.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos a trav\u00e9s das xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3n<\/span> est\u00e9ndese desde a literatura e as fontes xur\u00eddicas do alto alem\u00e1n medio, pasando polas colecci\u00f3ns dos Grimm, at\u00e9 os arquivos etnogr\u00e1ficos modernos. O Alp est\u00e1 estreitamente relacionado co Mahr (orixinalmente feminino) e coa palabra inglesa <em>mare<\/em> presente en <em>nightmare<\/em>. Rep\u00e9lese mediante signos no limiar da porta, coitelos baixo a almofada, oraci\u00f3ns e f\u00f3rmulas populares de defensa.<\/p><div><p><strong>Testemu\u00f1os en alto alem\u00e1n medio e o Malleus Maleficarum<\/strong><\/p><p>As li\u00f1as de tradici\u00f3n do Alp poden rastrearse at\u00e9 o alto alem\u00e1n medio. Wilhelm Grimm documentou nas s\u00faas colecci\u00f3ns relatos de pesadelos e visitas nocturnas nas que un ser demon\u00edaco se sentaba sobre o peito de quen dorm\u00eda e ameazaba con estrangalo.<\/p><p>O propio termo aparece en varias variantes rexionais: <em>Alb<\/em> en Suabia, <em>Alp<\/em> en Baviera, <em>Elf<\/em> en Holstein. Esta variaci\u00f3n suxire unha tradici\u00f3n popular distribu\u00edda ao longo de s\u00e9culos, na que a forma do ser permaneceu estable pero a nomenclatura variou segundo a rexi\u00f3n.<\/p><p>No <em>Malleus Maleficarum<\/em> (Heinrich Kramer e Jacob Sprenger, 1487) descr\u00edbense casos de opresi\u00f3n nocturna causada por forzas demon\u00edacas.<\/p><p>A\u00ednda que o Alp non se menciona al\u00ed polo seu nome, os s\u00edntomas descritos (paralise, dificultade para respirar, visi\u00f3ns dun peso opresivo) coinciden cos relatos da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A cultura popular transmitida con costumes, relatos e canci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclore<\/span> posterior. Os perseguidores de bruxas viron nestes fen\u00f3menos unha intervenci\u00f3n demon\u00edaca, non, como a medicina do s\u00e9culo XIX, un trastorno fisiol\u00f3xico do sono.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resumo r\u00e1pido: Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipo:<\/strong> Esp\u00edrito nocturno da opresi\u00f3n, provocador de pesadelos<br>Orixe: Pequeno <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ser incorp\u00f3reo ao que se lle atrib\u00fae acci\u00f3n no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">esp\u00edrito<\/span>, a mi\u00fado asociado a defuntos ou bruxas<br>Textos: fontes xur\u00eddicas do alto alem\u00e1n medio, Grimm, colecci\u00f3ns etnogr\u00e1ficas<br>Per\u00edodo: da alta Idade Media \u00e1 actualidade (na lingua, at\u00e9 hoxe)<br>Defensa: p\u00e9 de dru\u00edda (Drudenfu\u00df), zapatos ao rev\u00e9s, coitelo baixo a almofada<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historische Einordnung<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Documentado xa na literatura en alto alem\u00e1n medio (o Nibelungenlied, Walther) e en fontes xur\u00eddicas (feitizos danosos). Amplamente documentado en colecci\u00f3ns do s\u00e9culo XIX e XX (Grimm, Wolf, M\u00fcller-Bergstr\u00f6m). Como palabra, segue presente hoxe en \u201eAlbtraum&#8221;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difusi\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Espazo de lingua alem\u00e1; figuras similares con outros nomes (Nachtmahr, Drude, Trud) en rexi\u00f3ns veci\u00f1as. A formaci\u00f3n da palabra inglesa <em>nightmare<\/em> deriva da variante Mahr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Textos en alto alem\u00e1n medio, fontes xur\u00eddicas (procesos por feitizar\u00eda), a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de relatos m\u00edticos dunha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolox\u00eda<\/span> alem\u00e1 dos Grimm, arquivos etnogr\u00e1ficos dos s\u00e9culos XIX e XX, a investigaci\u00f3n moderna sobre o sono como continuaci\u00f3n secular.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e variantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Alto alem\u00e1n medio:<\/strong> <em>alp<\/em>, <em>alb<\/em>. Emparentado etimoloxicamente con \u201eElf&#8221; (elfo); o Alp \u00e9 orixinalmente un elfo en funci\u00f3n negativa.<br>Variantes rexionais: Trud\/Drud (b\u00e1varo), Nachtmahr (moi estendido), Walrider, Doggeli (su\u00edzo), Mart (baixo alem\u00e1n).<br>Ingl\u00e9s: <em>mare<\/em> en <em>nightmare<\/em>.<\/p><p>A equivalencia Alp = elfo s\u00f3 sorprende a primeira vista: na concepci\u00f3n xerm\u00e1nica m\u00e1is antiga, os elfos eran seres ambivalentes, non as figuras amigables da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A cultura popular transmitida con costumes, relatos e canci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclore<\/span> posterior. O \u201edisparo de elfo&#8221; (Elfenschuss) para enfermidades s\u00fabitas pertence ao mesmo complexo de crenzas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edsticas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aparencia<\/strong><\/p><p>Pequeno, pesado, a mi\u00fado insignificante. En certos relatos con forma animal, gato, ara\u00f1a, doni\u00f1a, en ocasi\u00f3ns como un neno deformado. Apenas fixado en imaxes concretas, sen\u00f3n percibido m\u00e1is ben como presi\u00f3n e peso.<\/p><p><strong>Comportamento<\/strong><\/p><p>Chega pola noite pola pechadura, a cheminea ou as fendas da porta. S\u00e9ntase sobre o peito da persoa que dorme e lle rouba a respiraci\u00f3n e o movemento. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ofrenda a unha divindade para expresar gratitude, petici\u00f3n ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u00edtima<\/span> non pode gritar nin fuxir. Segundo a investigaci\u00f3n actual do sono, tr\u00e1tase da sintomatolox\u00eda cl\u00e1sica da <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de percepci\u00f3n no que a consciencia esperta pero o corpo segue paralizado pola aton\u00eda do sono REM.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e1lise do sono<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c1mbito de acci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>O espazo do sono, especialmente en certas noites (d\u00edas fronteira, luamar chea). Nas tradici\u00f3ns rurais tam\u00e9n afecta aos cabalos: o Alp \u00abcabalga\u00bb o animal pola noite e pola ma\u00f1\u00e1 at\u00f3pase a s\u00faa crina toda enredada.<\/p><p><strong>Clasificaci\u00f3n mitol\u00f3xica<\/strong><\/p><p>Orixinariamente unha figura de elfo, transformada no imaxinario popular nun esp\u00edrito opresor e ameazante. Na reinterpretaci\u00f3n cristi\u00e1, entendido en parte como <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ser espiritual ao que se lle atrib\u00fae un efecto dani\u00f1o ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">demo<\/span> ou como a alma dunha bruxa. Na interpretaci\u00f3n moderna, a <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de vixilia con aton\u00eda muscular REM; interpretado en todo o mundo como experiencia de esp\u00edritos (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), explicable neuroloxicamente.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e1lise do sono<\/a> como fen\u00f3meno neurol\u00f3xico.<\/p><div><p><strong>Par\u00e1lise do sono e interpretaci\u00f3n cultural<\/strong><\/p><p>A medicina moderna co\u00f1ece este estado como <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de vixilia con aton\u00eda muscular REM; interpretado en todo o mundo como experiencia de esp\u00edritos (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), explicable neuroloxicamente.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e1lise do sono<\/a> ou <em>isolated sleep paralysis<\/em>. Prod\u00facese cando a consciencia esperta durante o sono REM pero o corpo segue paralizado pola protecci\u00f3n natural do tono muscular propia do so\u00f1o. Os pacientes relatan alucinaci\u00f3ns, dificultade para respirar e a sensaci\u00f3n dun peso que oprime o peito.<\/p><p>A interpretaci\u00f3n cultural oscilo\u00fa entre o sobrenatural e o m\u00e9dico segundo a \u00e9poca e a rexi\u00f3n. No \u00e1mbito de fala alem\u00e1, o Alp seguiu sendo durante moito tempo a explicaci\u00f3n de referencia para estes fen\u00f3menos. David Hufford documentou en <em>The Terror that Comes in the Night<\/em> (1982) a constancia fenomenol\u00f3xica destas experiencias a trav\u00e9s das culturas.<\/p><p>As li\u00f1as de tradici\u00f3n do Alp non desapareceron coa secularizaci\u00f3n, sen\u00f3n que foron reinterpretadas. A literatura psicol\u00f3xica e terap\u00e9utica do s\u00e9culo XX referiuse en parte \u00e1s colecci\u00f3ns de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ciencia que estuda a cultura coti\u00e1, os costumes e as crenzas transmitidas.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnograf\u00eda popular<\/span> para contextualizar historicamente os trastornos do sono. O Alp permaneceu como un arquivo cultural do desco\u00f1ecido, que ao principio escapaba \u00e1 explicaci\u00f3n racional.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ficha: Alp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os aspectos m\u00e1is importantes do Alp dun vistazo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradici\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Procede da figura \u00e9lfica xerm\u00e1nica; no imaxinario popular converteuse nun esp\u00edrito opresor e ameazante. Na reinterpretaci\u00f3n cristi\u00e1, entendido en parte como <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ser espiritual ao que se lle atrib\u00fae un efecto dani\u00f1o ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">demo<\/span>, en parte como alma de bruxa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A quen afecta o Alp<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Persoas durmidas, sobre todo cando dormen de costas. Na tradici\u00f3n rural, tam\u00e9n os cabalos na corte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pequeno, pesado, disforme. Pode adoptar forma animal (gato, ara\u00f1a, doni\u00f1a). Perc\u00edbese m\u00e1is a mi\u00fado como presi\u00f3n que como visi\u00f3n concreta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Actividade<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Presi\u00f3n sobre o peito, incapacidade de moverse, dificultade para respirar, pesadelos intensos. Interpretaci\u00f3n moderna: <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de vixilia con aton\u00eda muscular REM; interpretado en todo o mundo como experiencia de esp\u00edritos (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), explicable neuroloxicamente.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e1lise do sono<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formas de defensa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00e9 de bruxa (pentagrama) na porta e na cama, zapatos colocados ao rev\u00e9s fronte \u00e1 cama, coitelo co f\u00edo cara arriba baixo a almofada, herba de San Xo\u00e1n baixo a cama, oraci\u00f3ns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figuras paralelas ao Alp<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mahr, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/lilu-e-lilitu\/\">Lil\u016b e Lil\u012btu<\/a>, Empusa, Strix, a Kikimora eslava, e a investigaci\u00f3n moderna sobre a <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de vixilia con aton\u00eda muscular REM; interpretado en todo o mundo como experiencia de esp\u00edritos (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), explicable neuroloxicamente.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e1lise do sono<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e1ctica de protecci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Protecci\u00f3n do limiar e da cama<\/strong><\/p><p>P\u00e9 de bruxa (pentagrama cunha punta cara arriba) na porta ou sobre a cama. Os zapatos colocados ao rev\u00e9s fronte \u00e1 cama confunden ao Alp. Coitelo co f\u00edo cara arriba baixo a almofada, pr\u00e1ctica tradicional documentada en toda a Europa Central.<\/p><p><strong>F\u00f3rmulas verbais<\/strong><\/p><p>Breves ditos populares ao ir para a cama. O Alp debe ser invocado polo seu nome, as\u00ed ten que revelar o seu propio nome a quen o chama e despois desaparece. A tradici\u00f3n popular co\u00f1ece as \u00abinvocaci\u00f3ns ao Alp\u00bb como pr\u00e1ctica de protecci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>Protecci\u00f3n dos cabalos<\/strong><\/p><p>Na corte: ferraduras, o \u00abespello do Alp\u00bb (unha peza de metal reflectinte), lanternas encendidas. Nalgunhas rexi\u00f3ns col\u00f3case ao cabalo un colar con cascabeis, xa que ao Alp lle asusta o son do repique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figuras paralelas e interpretaci\u00f3n moderna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Paralelos a nivel mundial:<\/strong> Lil\u016b\/Lil\u012btu en Mesopotamia, Empusa en Grecia, Strix en Roma, Kikimora no \u00e1mbito eslavo, Baba Iaga nalgunhas formas nocturnas. En todas partes a mesma estrutura: un esp\u00edrito nocturno feminino ou de pequena estatura que oprime aos que dormen.<\/p><p><strong>Investigaci\u00f3n do sono:<\/strong> A moderna investigaci\u00f3n en laboratorios do sono identifica esta sintomatolox\u00eda como <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de vixilia con aton\u00eda muscular propia da fase REM; interpretado en todo o mundo como experiencia de esp\u00edritos (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), pero explicable neurol\u00f3xicamente.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">paralise do sono<\/a>, unha transici\u00f3n desde o sono REM na que se superpo\u00f1en a aton\u00eda muscular e a consciencia. A investigaci\u00f3n etnogr\u00e1fica mostra descrici\u00f3ns fenomenol\u00f3xicas semellantes en distintas culturas.<\/p><p><strong>Recepci\u00f3n:<\/strong> O Alp sobrevive ling\u00fcisticamente at\u00e9 hoxe na palabra alem\u00e1 \u00abAlbtraum\u00bb (pesadelo). O c\u00e9lebre cadro de F\u00fcssli \u00abO pesadelo\u00bb (1781) \u00e9 a representaci\u00f3n art\u00edstica m\u00e1is co\u00f1ecida. A literatura e o cine de terror modernos recollen este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span>.<\/p><div><p><strong>Parentesco co Mahr e outros esp\u00edritos nocturnos<\/strong><\/p><p>O Alp est\u00e1 estreitamente emparentado coa <em>Mahr<\/em>; ambos son esp\u00edritos nocturnos que se sentan sobre as persoas durmidas e provocan opresi\u00f3n. A diferenza at\u00f3pase moitas veces s\u00f3 no x\u00e9nero gramatical e na rexi\u00f3n: onde aparece o Alp (masculino ou neutro), en rexi\u00f3ns veci\u00f1as a Mahr (feminina) pode explicar o mesmo fen\u00f3meno.<\/p><p>Equivalentes escandinavos como o noruegu\u00e9s <em>Mareritt<\/em> e o island\u00e9s <em>Mara<\/em> apuntan a unha ra\u00edz xerm\u00e1nica com\u00fan que se estendeu polo norte e o centro de Europa.<\/p><p>Na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ciencia que estuda as relixi\u00f3ns de forma comparativa e sen vinculaci\u00f3n de fe.\" tabindex=\"0\">ciencia das relixi\u00f3ns<\/span> comparada, o Alp clasif\u00edcase \u00e1s veces como unha subespecie de demo, a\u00ednda que noutros casos se trata como unha clase de ser independente, xa que a localidade e a repetici\u00f3n das experiencias resultan m\u00e1is caracter\u00edsticas que a maldade abstracta dun demo cl\u00e1sico. Este l\u00edmite segue a ser obxecto de debate na literatura especializada.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9cdd254 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9cdd254\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpebbec9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpebbec9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O Alp e a palabra Albtraum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfab36f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfab36f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac5f837 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpac5f837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A pegada m\u00e1is clara que o <em>Alp<\/em> deixou na lingua actual \u00e9 a palabra alem\u00e1 <em>Albtraum<\/em> (pesadelo), xunto coa graf\u00eda m\u00e1is antiga <em>Alptraum<\/em>. Designa literalmente o so\u00f1o que o Alp provoca.<\/p><p>Este dato ling\u00fc\u00edstico leva directamente ao n\u00facleo da idea do Alp: \u00e9 sobre todo un esp\u00edrito opresor, un ser que se senta pola noite sobre a persoa durmida, opr\u00edmelle o peito e prov\u00f3calle as\u00ed so\u00f1os pesados e angustiosos, ademais dunha sensaci\u00f3n de afogamento e paralise.<\/p><p>A familia de palabras rem\u00f3ntase moi atr\u00e1s. Est\u00e1 emparentada co antigo n\u00f3rdico <em>alfr<\/em>, que designa os elfos ou albos, e co ingl\u00e9s <em>elf<\/em>.<\/p><p>No ingl\u00e9s, a antiga idea perdura na palabra <em>nightmare<\/em>, cuxa segunda parte, <em>mare<\/em>, pertence \u00e1 mesma ra\u00edz que a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mahr\/\">Mahr<\/a> alem\u00e1. Estas conexi\u00f3ns entre linguas mostran que a idea dun ser opresor nocturno era moi antiga e estaba moi estendida no \u00e1mbito xerm\u00e1nico.<\/p><p>Do punto de vista da historia da lingua resulta interesante que o Alp pertenc\u00eda orixinariamente aos elfos, \u00e9 dicir, a toda unha clase de seres da natureza, e s\u00f3 m\u00e1is tarde se especializou na funci\u00f3n concreta de opresor nocturno.<\/p><p>A investigaci\u00f3n sobre a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de relatos m\u00edticos sobre deuses transmitidos por unha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolox\u00eda<\/span> xerm\u00e1nica e sobre a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ciencia que estuda a cultura popular, os costumes e as crenzas transmitidas.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnograf\u00eda<\/span> hist\u00f3rica puxo de manifesto que o significado da palabra cambiou varias veces, desde un ser espiritual xeral, pasando polo esp\u00edrito opresor, at\u00e9 o significado hoxe case s\u00f3 metaf\u00f3rico na palabra <em>Albtraum<\/em>.<\/p><p>O Alp \u00e9 as\u00ed un exemplo de como unha idea mitol\u00f3xica perdura na lingua moito despois de que a crenza no propio ser se desvaneza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp383e27c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp383e27c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd33fc94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd33fc94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A paralise do sono: o n\u00facleo m\u00e9dico dunha antiga idea<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp488d917 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp488d917\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1274817 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1274817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A idea do Alp \u00e9 un exemplo moi estudado de como unha experiencia corporal real recibe unha interpretaci\u00f3n cultural. A experiencia que subxace ao relato do Alp coincide en moitos trazos co que a medicina do sono actual describe como paralise do sono.<\/p><p>Nese estado, a consciencia desperta mentres persiste a\u00ednda a flacidez muscular propia do sono de so\u00f1os. A persoa afectada est\u00e1 desperta pero non pode moverse, sente moitas veces unha presi\u00f3n no peito, falta de aire e medo, e non raramente percibe tam\u00e9n a presenza dun ser ameazante na habitaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>Esta experiencia est\u00e1 documentada en todas as culturas e \u00e9pocas, e case sempre se explicou pola acci\u00f3n dun ser agresor. A tradici\u00f3n popular alem\u00e1 interpretouna como obra do Alp; outras culturas co\u00f1ecen esp\u00edritos opresores comparables.<\/p><p>A investigaci\u00f3n comparada sobre a paralise do sono mostrou que os s\u00edntomas corporais b\u00e1sicos son notablemente estables, mentres que a interpretaci\u00f3n var\u00eda dunha cultura a outra. O ser que se cre percibir leva sempre os trazos que lle atrib\u00fae a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmisi\u00f3n de co\u00f1ecemento e relatos ao longo de xeraci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici\u00f3n<\/span> local.<\/p><p>Esta constataci\u00f3n non desvaloriza a idea do Alp, sen\u00f3n que a fai comprensible. Explica por que a crenza no Alp estivo tan estendida e foi tan persistente: base\u00e1base nunha experiencia recorrente e intensa para a que, antes da moderna investigaci\u00f3n do sono, non exist\u00eda outra explicaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>A perspectiva etnogr\u00e1fica e da ciencia das relixi\u00f3ns ve as\u00ed no Alp un exemplo paradigm\u00e1tico da conexi\u00f3n entre a experiencia corporal e a interpretaci\u00f3n cultural. A experiencia era real, o ser explicativo era unha construci\u00f3n cultural, e ambos xuntos formaron un complexo de crenzas estable durante s\u00e9culos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp58c2f6a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp58c2f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7a02cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf7a02cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ideas emparentadas e a Mahr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5e6a3ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5e6a3ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb6f9e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpdb6f9e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O Alp non existe illado, sen\u00f3n que forma parte dun conxunto de ideas moi relacionadas sobre o esp\u00edrito opresor nocturno. A parente m\u00e1is importante \u00e9 a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mahr\/\">Mahr<\/a>, que en boa parte do \u00e1mbito de fala alem\u00e1 cumpre a mesma funci\u00f3n: oprime o durminte, cabalga sobre el, opr\u00edmelle o peito.<\/p><p>Nalgunhas rexi\u00f3ns empreg\u00e1banse os dous termos indistintamente, noutras predominaba un ou outro. Esta distribuci\u00f3n rexional \u00e9 un campo ben documentado da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ciencia que estuda a cultura coti\u00e1, os costumes e as crenzas transmitidas.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnograf\u00eda<\/span> hist\u00f3rica.<\/p><p>\u00c9 caracter\u00edstico de todo este conxunto de crenzas a mestura de varias imaxes. O esp\u00edrito opresor conc\u00edbese en parte como un ser espiritual propio, en parte como a alma enviada dunha persoa viva que, consciente ou inconscientemente, atormenta a outros.<\/p><p>Nesta segunda interpretaci\u00f3n, a crenza no Alp mest\u00farase coa crenza nas bruxas: pod\u00edase suspeitar dunha persoa concreta da aldea de acudir como Alp a atormentar a outros. Deste xeito, unha experiencia nocturna convert\u00edase nun problema social, capaz de xerar suspeitas e acusaci\u00f3ns dentro da comunidade.<\/p><p>Deste universo de crenzas expl\u00edcanse tam\u00e9n os medios de protecci\u00f3n transmitidos e a s\u00faa l\u00f3xica. Como o Alp entraba por unha abertura, un burato nun n\u00f3 de madeira ou unha fenda, hab\u00eda que pechar eses ocos.<\/p><p>Como se pod\u00eda contar, axudaba darlle unha tarefa que implicase contar. Como deb\u00eda sa\u00edr polo mesmo cami\u00f1o que entrara, pod\u00edase atrapalo tapando a entrada.<\/p><p>Estes medios s\u00f3 te\u00f1en sentido dentro dun modelo determinado de como act\u00faa o Alp. Por iso a investigaci\u00f3n relixiosa interpreta estas pr\u00e1cticas de protecci\u00f3n como clave da crenza subxacente: a partir do que se fac\u00eda contra o Alp p\u00f3dese reconstru\u00edr o que se pensaba sobre el.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ligaz\u00f3ns relacionadas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ligaz\u00f3ns internas recomendadas:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/germanico\/\">Xerm\u00e1nico<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mahr\/\">Mahr<\/a> (parentesco estreito), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/draugr\/\">Draugr<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/nix\/\">Nix<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/troll\/\">Troll<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/lilu-e-lilitu\/\">Lil\u016b e Lil\u012btu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/empusa\/\">Empusa<\/a><\/li><li>Investigaci\u00f3n sobre a <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de vixilia con aton\u00eda muscular propia do sono REM; interpretado en todo o mundo como experiencia espiritual (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), a\u00ednda que ten explicaci\u00f3n neurol\u00f3xica.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e1lise do sono<\/a><\/li><li>F\u00fcssli, \u00abO pesadelo\u00bb<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliograf\u00eda de investigaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Unha selecci\u00f3n de traballos centrais sobre Alp\/Mahr:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Grimm, Jacob: <em>Deutsche Mythologie<\/em>. 4. ed. Berl\u00edn 1875, 1878.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hufford, David J.: <em>The Terror That Comes in the Night: An Experience-Centered Study of Supernatural Assault Traditions<\/em>. Filadelfia 1982 (<a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/paralise-do-sono\/\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Estado de vixilia con aton\u00eda muscular propia do sono REM; interpretado en todo o mundo como experiencia espiritual (Mahr, Old Hag, Kanashibari), a\u00ednda que ten explicaci\u00f3n neurol\u00f3xica.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">par\u00e1lise do sono<\/a> e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A cultura popular transmitida con costumes, relatos e canci\u00f3ns.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclore<\/span>).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Roscher, Wilhelm Heinrich: <em>Ephialtes. Eine pathologisch-mythologische Abhandlung<\/em>. Leipzig 1900.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ranft, Michael: <em>Tractat von dem Kauen und Schmatzen der Todten<\/em>. Leipzig 1734 (hist\u00f3rico).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>M\u00e1is obras de referencia na <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/literatura\/\">Bibliograf\u00eda<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-alp-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-alp-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-alp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-alp-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-alp-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">A pr\u00e1ctica de protecci\u00f3n aqu\u00ed descrita \u00e9 unha interpretaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica de tradici\u00f3ns hist\u00f3ricas. iWell Guard conecta con esta li\u00f1a cultural de obxectos de protecci\u00f3n port\u00e1tiles e representa unha forma contempor\u00e1nea dela. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">M\u00e1is sobre o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a453185 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a453185\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5511186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5511186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Preguntas frecuentes sobre o Alp<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Que \u00e9 un Alp na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto dos relatos m\u00edticos transmitidos dunha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolox\u00eda<\/span> xerm\u00e1nica?<\/h3><p>O Alp \u00e9 un esp\u00edrito nocturno malicioso da tradici\u00f3n xermano-alem\u00e1 que se instala sobre o peito das persoas mentres dormen e provoca pesadelos.<\/p><p>Do Alp deriva tam\u00e9n a palabra alem\u00e1 &#8216;Albtraum&#8217; (pesadelo; antiga forma &#8216;Alpdruck&#8217;). Na investigaci\u00f3n moderna do sono, este fen\u00f3meno denom\u00ednase par\u00e1lise do sono: a detenci\u00f3n temporal do movemento na transici\u00f3n cara ao sono REM, adoito acompa\u00f1ada de sensaci\u00f3n de opresi\u00f3n, falta de aire e alucinaci\u00f3ns moi v\u00edvidas.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Como se protex\u00eda a xente do Alp na crenza popular?<\/h3><p>A medicina popular cl\u00e1sica co\u00f1ec\u00eda numerosas pr\u00e1cticas de protecci\u00f3n: colocar os zapatos ao rev\u00e9s diante da cama, po\u00f1er un coitelo aberto baixo a almofada, cravar unha agulla de ferro na cama, rezar o Noso Pai antes de durmir ou debuxar un pentagrama na porta.<\/p><p>No norte de Alema\u00f1a, o Alp tam\u00e9n se expulsaba cunha f\u00f3rmula (&#8216;Alb, Alb, vaite, aqu\u00ed non pertences&#8217;). A tradici\u00f3n da Selva Negra co\u00f1ec\u00eda o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regrada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> da pedra do Alp: unha estaca de sabugueiro perforada por unha pedra, colocada no poste da cama.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Que \u00e9 un Alp na mitolox\u00eda xerm\u00e1nica?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"O Alp \u00e9 un esp\u00edrito nocturno malicioso da tradici\u00f3n xermano-alem\u00e1 que se instala sobre o peito das persoas mentres dormen e provoca pesadelos.Do Alp deriva tam\u00e9n a palabra alem\u00e1 'Albtraum' (pesadelo; antiga forma 'Alpdruck'). Na investigaci\u00f3n moderna do sono, este fen\u00f3meno denom\u00ednase par\u00e1lise do sono: a detenci\u00f3n temporal do movemento na transici\u00f3n cara ao sono REM, adoito acompa\u00f1ada de sensaci\u00f3n de opresi\u00f3n, falta de aire e alucinaci\u00f3ns moi v\u00edvidas.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Como se protex\u00eda a xente do Alp na crenza popular?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A medicina popular cl\u00e1sica co\u00f1ec\u00eda numerosas pr\u00e1cticas de protecci\u00f3n: colocar os zapatos ao rev\u00e9s diante da cama, po\u00f1er un coitelo aberto baixo a almofada, cravar unha agulla de ferro na cama, rezar o Noso Pai antes de durmir ou debuxar un pentagrama na porta.No norte de Alema\u00f1a, o Alp tam\u00e9n se expulsaba cunha f\u00f3rmula ('Alb, Alb, vaite, aqu\u00ed non pertences'). A tradici\u00f3n da Selva Negra co\u00f1ec\u00eda o ritual da pedra do Alp: unha estaca de sabugueiro perforada por unha pedra, colocada no poste da cama.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1660,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Alp","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Alp - O esp\u00edrito nocturno da opresi\u00f3n da tradici\u00f3n popular alem\u00e1","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"O Alp \u00e9 a figura cl\u00e1sica da paralise do sono na tradici\u00f3n popular centroeuropea: un esp\u00edrito pequeno e pesado que se senta de noite sobre o peito.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"germanisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-194610","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Alp - O esp\u00edrito nocturno da opresi\u00f3n da tradici\u00f3n popular alem\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O Alp \u00e9 a figura cl\u00e1sica da paralise do sono na tradici\u00f3n popular centroeuropea: un esp\u00edrito pequeno e pesado que se senta de noite sobre o peito.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/alp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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