{"id":194570,"date":"2026-09-07T09:36:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:36:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=194570"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:41:15","slug":"gallu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/gallu\/","title":{"rendered":"Gallu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"194570\" class=\"elementor elementor-194570 elementor-724\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu, demo da tradici\u00f3n mesopot\u00e1mica<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Demos do inframundo, mensaxeiros e executores do m\u00e1is al\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Demo \/ demonio: Ser sobrenatural cunha influencia xeralmente dani\u00f1a ou ambivalente. Sit\u00faase entre deuses e humanos, causa enfermidade, tentaci\u00f3n ou desgraza, e \u00e9 repelido mediante invocaci\u00f3ns, obxectos apotropaicos e rituais.\">Demo<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mesopotamia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Berce da relixi\u00f3n documentada, Sumeria, Acadia, Babilonia, Asiria (ca. 3500 a. C. a 330 a. C.).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Non se atoparon t\\u00edtulos nesta p\\u00e1xina.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-196978\" alt=\"Gallu - Demos da tradici\u00f3n mesopot\u00e1mica, ilustraci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu \u00e9 un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ser espiritual ao que se lle atrib\u00fae un efecto prexudicial ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">demo<\/span> da tradici\u00f3n mesopot\u00e1mica.<\/p><p>Os Gall\u00fb son unhas das figuras demon\u00edacas m\u00e1is antigas documentadas de Mesopotamia. Est\u00e1n vinculados ao inframundo e \u00e1 s\u00faa se\u00f1ora Ere\u0161kigal, e aparecen tanto en mitos como en textos rituais como executores da morte. O que \u00e9 t\u00edpico deles \u00e9 o seu car\u00e1cter alleo \u00e1s necesidades humanas: os textos insisten en que non aceptan nin alimento nin bebida, nin co\u00f1ecen ofrendas nin do\u00e7ura. Non son negociables.<\/p><p>Na co\u00f1ecida narraci\u00f3n do descenso de Inanna ao inframundo, son os Gall\u00fb quen exixen un substituto para a deusa e conducen a Dumuzi ao inframundo. Esta escena marcou a imaxe que persiste at\u00e9 hoxe: os Gall\u00fb son os mensaxeiros que chegan cando o tempo dunha persoa se esgotou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil breve: Gallu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gallu (acadio: gal-lu, &#8220;Grande&#8221;) son seres demon\u00edacos ou demos do inframundo na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de narraci\u00f3ns m\u00edticas transmitidas dunha cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitolox\u00eda<\/span> mesopot\u00e1mica. Est\u00e1n atestados en textos cuneiformes desde Sumer at\u00e9 Babilonia e con frecuencia descr\u00edbense como subordinados da deusa do inframundo Ereshkigal ou do deus da morte Nergal. Personifican a enfermidade, a peste e a morte repentina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As referencias aos Gall\u00fb abarcan desde os primeiros mitos sumerios (III milenio a. C.) at\u00e9 a \u00e9poca neobabil\u00f3nica e aquem\u00e9nida. Ning\u00fan outro tipo de demo est\u00e1 documentado de forma tan constante ao longo da historia cultural mesopot\u00e1mica.<\/p><p><strong>Clasificaci\u00f3n mitol\u00f3xica<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Gallu<\/em>, un dos demos do inframundo, \u00e9 un ser que serve a <em>Ereshkigal<\/em>, a ra\u00ed\u00f1a do inframundo. Os <em>Gallu<\/em> non son necesariamente malvados nun sentido moral, sen\u00f3n m\u00e1is ben axentes da vontade de <em>Ereshkigal<\/em>, executores das s\u00faas ordes, captores de almas e acompa\u00f1antes dos mortos cara ao inframundo.<\/p><p>Son temidos porque a s\u00faa chegada anuncia a morte. Os <em>Gallu<\/em> tam\u00e9n poden entenderse como demos da enfermidade e da morte r\u00e1pida, que levan aos humanos da superficie terrestre. Representan a inevitabilidade e a obxectividade da morte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difusi\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os Gallu est\u00e1n documentados sobre todo en series de t\u00e1boas de arxila babil\u00f3nicas e asirias, particularmente nas versi\u00f3ns do descenso ao inframundo (ciclo Inanna-Ereshkigal, con textos parcialmente paralelos tam\u00e9n en hitita). Foron temidos en toda a Mesopotamia, desde Sumer at\u00e9 Asiria, e combatidos mediante exorcismos e rituais apotropaicos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A base documental sobre Gallu \u00e9 fragmentaria. Os textos primarios son mitolog\u00edas e listas cuneiformes da antiga Babilonia (c. 1800, 1600 a. C.), as\u00ed como textos paralelos asirios posteriores.<\/p><p>Os asiri\u00f3logos Bott\u00e9ro, Wiggermann e Schwemer analizaron estas tradici\u00f3ns e situ\u00e1ronas no contexto da demonolox\u00eda mesopot\u00e1mica. Hoxe resulta dif\u00edcil identificar con certeza tipos individuais de Gallu, xa que as t\u00e1boas est\u00e1n con frecuencia parcialmente destru\u00eddas e presentan variaci\u00f3ns nos nomes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denominaci\u00f3n e formas de escritura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sumerio:<\/strong> <em>gal-l\u00e1<\/em>.<br>Acadio: <em>gall\u00fb<\/em>.<br>Uso habitual en grupo: con frecuencia os &#8220;sete Gall\u00fb&#8221;, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento de contido recorrente na arte ou na narraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> t\u00edpico de n\u00famero completo na demonolox\u00eda mesopot\u00e1mica.<\/p><p>A etimolox\u00eda \u00e9 obxecto de debate; disc\u00fatense relaci\u00f3ns con termos que significan &#8220;executor&#8221; ou &#8220;violencia&#8221;. M\u00e1is importante que a orixe \u00e9 o seu papel fixo: os Gall\u00fb son sempre un \u00f3rgano executor, raramente unha figura individual. Aparecen xeralmente en grupos, act\u00faan por encargo do inframundo e son an\u00f3nimos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descrici\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aparencia<\/strong><\/p><p>Os textos describen aos Gall\u00fb m\u00e1is ben polo que <em>non<\/em> son. Non co\u00f1ecen alimento, sede, ofrenda nin do\u00e7ura. Onde as representaci\u00f3ns visuais son identificables, resultan difusas, terror\u00edficas e dif\u00edciles de fixar. Pertencen as\u00ed m\u00e1is ben aos demos non figurativos de Mesopotamia.<\/p><p><strong>Comportamento<\/strong><\/p><p>Os Gall\u00fb ve\u00f1en para levar. Conducen as almas dos moribundos ao inframundo, exixen un substituto cando se rompeu a orde, e executan as sentenzas do reino dos mortos. As s\u00faas acci\u00f3ns son intencionadas e non negociables; as ofrendas ou os conxuros s\u00f3 funcionan dentro de estreitos l\u00edmites rituais.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c1mbito de acci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>A transici\u00f3n entre a vida e a morte, o leito de morte, os lugares de morte violenta, as situaci\u00f3ns rituais de limiar. Act\u00faan onde se decide sobre a vida ou a morte, ou onde a orde c\u00f3smica exixe un substituto.<\/p><p><strong>Orixe mitol\u00f3xica<\/strong><\/p><p>Os Gall\u00fb son servidores do inframundo, especialmente de Ere\u0161kigal. En &#8220;O descenso de Inanna ao inframundo&#8221; aparecen como grupo que obriga \u00e1 deusa a entrar no inframundo e que despois exixe a Dumuzi como substituto. O seu papel queda as\u00ed fixado estruturalmente: son o instrumento estendido do inframundo no \u00e1mbito dos vivos.<\/p><p><strong>Aparencia e simbolox\u00eda<\/strong><\/p><p>Os <em>Gallu<\/em> repres\u00e9ntanse a mi\u00fado como figuras terror\u00edficas e escuras con trazos sobrenaturais, posiblemente con corpos de animais (le\u00f3n, touro), ollos ardentes e garras ou zarpas. Tam\u00e9n poden representarse como humanoides con trazos demon\u00edacos, cornos, rostro ennegrecido, expresi\u00f3n terrible.<\/p><p>Os <em>Gallu<\/em> levan con frecuencia grilletes ou cadeas, xa que son os raptores e os que atan. O seu corpo \u00e9 escuro, con frecuencia negro ou dun vermello intenso. M\u00f3vense de forma r\u00e1pida e inesperada. A s\u00faa presenza \u00e9 fr\u00eda e aterradora.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil: Gallu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os aspectos m\u00e1is importantes dos Gall\u00fb dun vistazo. O desenvolvemento sobre o nome, a descrici\u00f3n, a defensa e os paralelos at\u00f3pase nas seguintes secci\u00f3ns.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Orixe de Gallu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Servidores do inframundo, especialmente de Ere\u0161kigal. Mencionados con frecuencia como grupo, os &#8220;sete Gall\u00fb&#8221;. Non son figuras individuais, sen\u00f3n executores colectivos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Grupo obxectivo de Gallu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Moribundos, persoas en situaci\u00f3n ritual de limiar, transgresores de tab\u00fas, culpables, persoas substitutas a cambio doutras (como Dumuzi por Inanna).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aparencia de Gallu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Incerta, deliberadamente indefinida: &#8220;non comen alimento, non beben auga, non co\u00f1ecen a do\u00e7ura&#8221;. Difusa, terror\u00edfica, non fixada.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1mbito de acci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Morte repentina, roubo de almas, enfermidade de curso r\u00e1pido, acceso condicionado <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pertencente a unha secuencia de acci\u00f3ns relixiosas establecida.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualmente<\/span>. A s\u00faa chegada non \u00e9 negociable, s\u00f3 pode ser aprazada ou desviada.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protecci\u00f3n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Conxuros con esixencia de retorno ao inframundo, rituais de purificaci\u00f3n, sacrificios substitutivos (unha figura substituta que \u00e9 levada no lugar da persoa).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Elementos comparables<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As Erinias e as Keres (gregas), T\u00e1nato (grego), os Tzitzimime (aztecas), motivos de mensaxeiros da morte en Europa, a figura da Morte con guedella na tradici\u00f3n popular posterior.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protecci\u00f3n na vida coti\u00e1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituais de defensa<\/strong><\/p><p>Os rituais contra os Gall\u00fb non buscan a s\u00faa destruci\u00f3n, sen\u00f3n o aprazamento ou a desviaci\u00f3n. Co\u00f1\u00e9cese o principio da substituci\u00f3n: unha figura simb\u00f3lica substituta, un animal, unha pequena figura de masa ou barro, \u00e9 &#8220;entregada&#8221; aos Gall\u00fb no lugar da persoa. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento de contido recorrente na arte ou na narraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> atopa a s\u00faa expresi\u00f3n mitol\u00f3xica m\u00e1is forte en &#8220;O descenso de Inanna ao inframundo&#8221;.<\/p><p><strong>Conxuros<\/strong><\/p><p>As f\u00f3rmulas invocan aos Gall\u00fb, nomean a s\u00faa orixe e ord\u00e9nanlles volver ao inframundo. A mi\u00fado inv\u00f3case tam\u00e9n unha autoridade divina cuxo mandato fai posible a desviaci\u00f3n. A estrutura mantense similar en todos os conxuros mesopot\u00e1micos: identificar, lexitimar, devolver.<\/p><p><strong>Amuletos e s\u00edmbolos protectores<\/strong><\/p><p>Os amuletos espec\u00edficos contra os Gall\u00fb non son o principal; m\u00e1is importantes son os preceptos de pureza e os ritos de protecci\u00f3n colectivos para a casa, o lugar ou a cidade. A protecci\u00f3n depende menos dun obxecto e m\u00e1is da disciplina ritual e da relaci\u00f3n correcta cos deuses.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de actos de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dirixidos a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">Culto<\/span> e veneraci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>Os <em>Gallu<\/em> non eran venerados directamente como deuses, sen\u00f3n temidos e mantidos a raia mediante conxuros e feitizos protectores. Os amuletos protectores contra os <em>Gallu<\/em> eran habituais, especialmente en casas onde hab\u00eda enfermos ou moribundos.<\/p><p>Magos e sacerdotes realizaban rituais de protecci\u00f3n para manter afastados aos <em>Gallu<\/em>. Non obstante, \u00e1s veces os magos invocaban os <em>Gallu<\/em> mediante a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00e1cticas que pretenden intervir no curso dos acontecementos mediante acci\u00f3ns ou f\u00f3rmulas especiais.\" tabindex=\"0\">maxia<\/span> para causar dano a inimigos ou obter resultados r\u00e1pidos. Os <em>Gallu<\/em> eran tratados con medo e terror, non con veneraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu, paralelismos noutras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mundo grecorromano<\/strong><\/p><p>As Keres e as Erinias son os paralelismos funcionais m\u00e1is claros. As Keres recollen as almas dos ca\u00eddos, as Erinias vengan os crimes de sangue. T\u00e1nato, como personificaci\u00f3n da morte, asume funci\u00f3ns similares de mensaxeiro e o motivo contin\u00faa evolucionando en representaci\u00f3ns romanas e helen\u00edsticas.<\/p><p><strong>Am\u00e9rica Central:<\/strong> Os Tzitzimime aztecas son demos nocturnos que, en momentos cr\u00edticos do ciclo c\u00f3smico, ameazan a vida dos humanos. O seu papel como executores dun fin c\u00f3smico inminente asemella, na estrutura e na funci\u00f3n, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento de contido recorrente na arte ou na narraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> dos Gall\u00fb.<\/p><p><strong>Europa (tradici\u00f3n popular posterior)<\/strong><\/p><p>A figura da Morte con guedella da Idade Media e da modernidade europeas condensa o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un elemento de contido recorrente na arte ou na narraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> do mensaxeiro impersoal e innegociable que v\u00e9n a levar a morte. A\u00ednda que non se pode demostrar unha li\u00f1a directa, o padr\u00f3n b\u00e1sico rep\u00edtese: un mensaxeiro que chega cando o tempo se esgota.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6b4c7f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6b4c7f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf63bbd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf63bbd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Os Gallu na narraci\u00f3n do descenso de Inanna ao inframundo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb2f05e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb2f05e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp090b38f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp090b38f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A aparici\u00f3n literaria m\u00e1is importante dos Gallu at\u00f3pase no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un relato transmitido sobre deuses, orixes e a orde do mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">mito<\/span> sumerio do descenso de Inanna ao inframundo e na s\u00faa continuaci\u00f3n sobre o deus pastor Dumuzi. O texto transm\u00edtese en t\u00e1boas de arxila e \u00e9 unha das obras da literatura sumeria mellor reconstru\u00eddas.<\/p><p>A deusa Inanna descende ao inframundo, o reino da s\u00faa irm\u00e1 Ereshkigal, e al\u00ed \u00e9 morta e colgada dun estaca.<\/p><p>Grazas \u00e1 intervenci\u00f3n do deus Enki, \u00e9 revivida, pero o inframundo non deixa marchar a ningu\u00e9n sen un substituto. Inanna debe designar algu\u00e9n que descenda no seu lugar. No seu ascenso vai acompa\u00f1ada polos Gallu, os demos do inframundo.<\/p><p>O texto describe estes Gallu con gran contundencia. Non co\u00f1ecen a fame nin a sede, non comen alimento nin beben auga, non aceptan ofrendas nin sobornos. Non co\u00f1ecen familia, nin fillos, nin amizade.<\/p><p>Arrincan \u00e1 muller dos brazos do home e ao neno do peito da ama. As\u00ed son o exacto reverso dun interlocutor humano ou divino con quen se poida negociar.<\/p><p>Como substituto de Inanna finalmente esc\u00f3llese o seu marido Dumuzi, que non a chorara. Os Gallu dan caza a Dumuzi, que fuxe e se transforma, pero \u00e9 atrapado e arrastrado ao inframundo.<\/p><p>S\u00f3 grazas ao <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ofrenda a unha divindade para expresar gratitude, s\u00faplica ou veneraci\u00f3n.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrificio<\/span> da s\u00faa irm\u00e1 Geshtinanna, que ocupa o seu lugar durante unha parte do ano, o seu destino se abranda. Os Gallu son, nesta narraci\u00f3n, os executores incorruptibles da orde do inframundo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa089d48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa089d48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp08389ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp08389ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gallu nos textos de conxuro e na defensa contra a enfermidade<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2638a3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2638a3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp62342d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp62342d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>F\u00f3ra da literatura narrativa, os Gallu aparecen sobre todo nos textos de conxuro e defensa de Mesopotamia. Estes textos, transmitidos en lingua acadia e sumeria en numerosas t\u00e1boas, serv\u00edan para protexer contra a enfermidade, a desgraza e o ataque demon\u00edaco.<\/p><p>Na forma acadia, o nome aparece como <em>gallu<\/em> ou en combinaci\u00f3n con outras denominaci\u00f3ns de demos. Un grupo especialmente frecuente \u00e9 o dos Sete, unha banda de esp\u00edritos malignos, en cuxas enumeraci\u00f3ns o Gallu aparece de forma recorrente.<\/p><p>Estes textos describen como os demos penetran por portas e ferrollos, se mante\u00f1en preto de cami\u00f1os e muros, e atacan \u00e1 persoa sen que esta poida defenderse.<\/p><p>A defensa corr\u00eda a cargo dos sacerdotes exorcistas, chamados en Mesopotamia <em>aschipu<\/em>. Recitaban f\u00f3rmulas fixas, invocaban os grandes deuses, especialmente Ea, o seu fillo Marduk e o deus do lume, contra os demos, e realizaban acci\u00f3ns complementarias, como mostrar ou queimar figuras substitutas, facer fumigaci\u00f3ns e aspergir con auga.<\/p><p>Nesta pr\u00e1ctica desempe\u00f1aban un papel importante as figuras protectoras e os amuletos. Co\u00f1\u00e9cense pequenas figuri\u00f1as de barro de seres protectores procedentes de casas mesopot\u00e1micas, enterradas baixo os limiares, as\u00ed como placas con inscrici\u00f3ns.<\/p><p>Os datos mostran que o Gallu non era para as persoas un ser m\u00edtico abstracto, sen\u00f3n unha ameaza vivida, contra a que exist\u00eda un repertorio ritual elaborado. Os textos unen as\u00ed demonolox\u00eda e medicina nunha soa unidade, na que enfermidade e ataque demon\u00edaco moitas veces significan o mesmo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp151a219 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp151a219\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpff1f89a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpff1f89a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Da palabra sumeria ao demo acadio: etimolox\u00eda e clasificaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp762d4d1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp762d4d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpddc3fe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpddc3fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O nome Gallu suscita varias cuesti\u00f3ns no \u00e1mbito da historia da lingua e da relixi\u00f3n, discutidas na asiriolog\u00eda. A palabra \u00e9 de orixe sumeria e designa nos rexistros m\u00e1is antigos un demo do inframundo, un servidor ou verdugo do reino dos mortos. Foi adoptada no acadio como pr\u00e9stamo l\u00e9xico.<\/p><p>A investigaci\u00f3n situa o Gallu dentro do sistema m\u00e1is amplo dos seres menores mesopot\u00e1micos. Este sistema comprende toda unha serie de denominaci\u00f3ns demon\u00edacas, entre elas <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/utukku-espiritos-mortos-demos-submundo\/\">Utukku<\/a>, Rabisu, Lilu e outras, que designan \u00e1mbitos \u00e1s veces claramente delimitados, \u00e1s veces superpostos. O Gallu pertence ao grupo dos seres vinculados ao inframundo e ao arrebatamento violento das persoas.<\/p><p>Unha cuesti\u00f3n aparte \u00e9 a posible pervivencia da palabra. Na tradici\u00f3n aramea posterior e na tradici\u00f3n xud\u00eda existen denominaci\u00f3ns demon\u00edacas que fon\u00e9ticamente recordan a <em>gallu<\/em>, e chegouse a suxerir se se trata dunha li\u00f1a de transmisi\u00f3n da herdanza mesopot\u00e1mica.<\/p><p>Esta cuesti\u00f3n non est\u00e1 resolta de xeito definitivo; a mera semellanza fon\u00e9tica non \u00e9 proba, e as transici\u00f3ns entre os sistemas demonol\u00f3xicos do Antigo Oriente son complexas.<\/p><p>\u00c9 importante para a comprensi\u00f3n que a relixi\u00f3n mesopot\u00e1mica distingu\u00eda claramente entre os grandes deuses, nomeados e venerados en templos, e os seres menores como o Gallu.<\/p><p>Os Gallu non eran obxecto de veneraci\u00f3n; eran seres funcionais da orde c\u00f3smica, aos que non se lles rend\u00eda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conxunto de actos de veneraci\u00f3n relixiosa dedicados a unha divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span>, sen\u00f3n que se lles enfrontaba con defensa. Esta distinci\u00f3n marca toda a relaci\u00f3n mesopot\u00e1mica co demon\u00edaco.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ligaz\u00f3ns relacionadas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu, esp\u00edrito dos mortos mesopot\u00e1mico relacionado<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/lamashtu\/\">Lamashtu, demo mesopot\u00e1mico relacionado<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu, apotropeo contra Lamashtu e demos relacionados<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/ereshkigal\/\">Ereshkigal, se\u00f1ora do inframundo, mandataria dos Galla<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/nergal\/\">Nergal, deus do inframundo, aliado<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/rabisu\/\">Rabisu, demo &#8220;espreitador&#8221; relacionado<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gl\/mesopotamia\/\">Tradici\u00f3n mesopot\u00e1mica, contexto xeral<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fontes e bibliograf\u00eda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Bott\u00e9ro, Jean: <em>Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Black, Jeremy \/ Green, Anthony: <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. British Museum Press, London 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wiggermann, Frans A.M.: <em>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Unha secuencia regulada de acci\u00f3ns simb\u00f3licas con significado relixioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Texts<\/em>. Styx, Groningen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Benjamin R.: <em>Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature<\/em>. CDL Press, Bethesda 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, W. G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1960.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hee\u00dfel, Nils P.: <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>. AOAT 43, M\u00fcnster 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gallu-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gallu-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gallu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gallu-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gallu-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">A pr\u00e1ctica de protecci\u00f3n aqu\u00ed descrita \u00e9 unha clasificaci\u00f3n desde a ciencia das relixi\u00f3ns de tradici\u00f3ns hist\u00f3ricas. iWell Guard retoma esta li\u00f1a cultural e hist\u00f3rica de obxectos protectores port\u00e1tiles e representa unha forma contempor\u00e1nea desta. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">M\u00e1is sobre o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1707,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gallu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gallu - Demos do inframundo, mensaxeiros e executores do m\u00e1is al\u00e1","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Os Gall\u00fb son unhas das figuras demon\u00edacas m\u00e1is antigas documentadas de Mesopotamia. Est\u00e1n vinculados ao inframundo e \u00e1 s\u00faa se\u00f1ora Ere\u0161kigal","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-194570","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gallu - Demos do inframundo, mensaxeiros e executores do m\u00e1is al\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Os Gall\u00fb son unhas das figuras demon\u00edacas m\u00e1is antigas documentadas de Mesopotamia. 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