{"id":188655,"date":"2026-09-07T03:36:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=188655"},"modified":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","slug":"laozi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/laozi\/","title":{"rendered":"Laozi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"188655\" class=\"elementor elementor-188655 elementor-3065 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-345170e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"345170e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff235dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff235dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb6ac8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8fb6ac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc68772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc68772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi, bunaitheoir an Daoachais<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-359f20b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"359f20b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meastar Laozi (\u8001\u5b50, ar a dtugtar freisin Lao-tzu, Lao-tse) sa traidisi\u00fan S\u00edneach mar bhunaitheoir an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanach S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an Bealach.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachais<\/span> agus mar \u00fadar finsc\u00e9alach an \u00abDaodejing\u00bb, ceann de na t\u00e9acsanna is m\u00f3 tionchar i stair reiligi\u00fan agus feals\u00fanacht na S\u00edne.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 a shaol stairi\u00fail ina \u00e1bhar consp\u00f3ide sa taighde nua-aimseartha; is gann, contr\u00e1rtha agus go pointe finsc\u00e9alach na foins\u00ed faoina shaol. Sa l\u00e1 at\u00e1 inniu ann, t\u00e1 an taighde reiligi\u00faneola\u00edoch ar Laozi d\u00edrithe n\u00edos l\u00fa ar an duine stairi\u00fail agus n\u00edos m\u00f3 ar stair thionchar na dt\u00e9acsanna a chuirtear ina leith agus an diagh\u00fa a th\u00e1inig ina dhiaidh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1d295 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec1d295\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d78c6a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d78c6a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dia \/ Bandia: Cumhacht uachtarach phearsantaithe i bpainti\u00fan cult\u00fair, le freagrachta\u00ed saini\u00fala \u2014 f\u00f3rsa\u00ed an d\u00falra, cinni\u00faint, cogadh, torth\u00falacht. Adhartha tr\u00ed chultacha, ofr\u00e1lacha agus institi\u00faid\u00ed teampaill.\">Dia<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3280e9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3280e9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78f4bb5 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"78f4bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;N\\u00edor aims\\u00edodh aon cheannteideal ar an leathanach seo.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCl\u00e1r \u00c1bhair\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6d504f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6d504f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf9f9ad iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cf9f9ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-190270\" alt=\"Laozi - D\u00e9ithe \u00f3 thraidisi\u00fan an Daoachais, l\u00e9iritheach \u00f3 thaobh na staire\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5250054 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5250054\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b7d392 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b7d392\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0015f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0015f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Staid na bhfoins\u00ed faoin duine stairi\u00fail<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c2b50b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c2b50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Faightear an beathaisn\u00e9is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00e9imhse na cult\u00fair Ghr\u00e9agach agus R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach, timpeall 800 R.Ch. go 600 A.D.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1rsa<\/span> is mionsonraithe ar Laozi sa \u00abShiji\u00bb (\u00abTaifid an Stara\u00ed\u00bb) le Sima Qian, a comhl\u00e1na\u00edodh timpeall 90 R.Ch. Tuairisc\u00edonn Sima Qian tr\u00ed leagan \u00e9ags\u00fala faoi Laozi agus admha\u00edonn s\u00e9 f\u00e9in nach bhfuil s\u00e9 cinnte c\u00e9 acu at\u00e1 f\u00edor.<\/p><p>Sa leagan is coitianta, d\u00e9antar oifigeach de Laozi ag c\u00fairt dynasty Zhou an Oirthir, arb amhlaidh a bh\u00ed s\u00e9 mar leabharlanna\u00ed n\u00f3 cartlanna\u00ed sa 6\u00fa haois R.Ch.<\/p><p>Deirtear gur casadh air an Confucius \u00f3g (551 go 479 R.Ch.) agus gur mh\u00fain s\u00e9 an mh\u00e1istir a bh\u00ed le teacht. Ar deireadh, agus \u00e9 m\u00edsh\u00e1sta faoi mheath na r\u00edochta, d\u2019fh\u00e1g Laozi an t\u00edr siar agus, ar iarratas an gharda teorann Yinxi ag Bearna Han-Gu, scr\u00edobh s\u00e9 an Daodejing i 5000 carachtar.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sa dara leagan, aithn\u00edtear Laozi le Lao Laizi, m\u00fainteoir daoach eile \u00f3 r\u00e9 Zhou. Sa tr\u00ed\u00fa leagan, cuirtear \u00e9 timpeall 100 bliain n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn na leaganacha iolracha seo nach raibh sonra\u00ed beathaisn\u00e9ise iontaofa ag Sima Qian f\u00e9in, agus gur chuir s\u00e9 an t-\u00e1bhar le ch\u00e9ile \u00f3 thraidisi\u00fain bh\u00e9il agus scr\u00edofa \u00e9ags\u00fala.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>L\u00e9irigh Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller in \u00abLaotse\u00bb (1995) agus \u00abThe Philosophy of the Daodejing\u00bb (2006) go bhfuil substaint finsc\u00e9alach ag na sonra\u00ed gann \u00f3 Sima Qian n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 substaint stairi\u00fail.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6257dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6257dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad033e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad033e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Staraici\u00falacht sa taighde nua-aimseartha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28596d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28596d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Pl\u00e9ann an taighde s\u00edneala\u00edochta nua-aimseartha ceist staraici\u00falacht Laozi go dian. Ghlac Russell Kirkland seasamh critici\u00fail in \u00abTaoism: The Enduring Tradition\u00bb (2004), dar leis nach f\u00e9idir Laozi mar dhuine stairi\u00fail a shealbh\u00fa go h\u00e9asca, agus gur toradh iad na t\u00e9acsanna a chuirtear ina leith ar shaothar roinnt gl\u00fanta scol\u00e1ir\u00ed a bh\u00ed faoi thionchar an Daoachais.<\/span><\/p><p>Taca\u00edonn an taighde staire t\u00e9acs\u00fala leis an seasamh seo: dar leis an dearcadh at\u00e1thar ann inniu, n\u00ed saothar aontach\u00e1in \u00e9 an Daodejing ach tioms\u00fa, agus t\u00e9ann na sraitheanna is sine ann siar go dt\u00ed an 4\u00fa n\u00f3 an 3\u00fa haois R.Ch.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Bh\u00ed bl\u00fair\u00ed de leagan luath den Daodejing sna t\u00e9acsanna bamb\u00fa a fuarthas i Guodian (c\u00faige Hubei) i 1993, agus t\u00e1 siad d\u00e1taithe go dt\u00ed deireadh an 4\u00fa haois R.Ch. T\u00e1 an fionnachtain seo tar \u00e9is an d\u00edosp\u00f3ireacht faoi stair chumad\u00f3ireachta an t\u00e9acs a athbheochan, agus l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00ed gur cuireadh eagar agus breisi\u00fa ar an Daodejing ar feadh roinnt c\u00e9adta bliain.<\/span><\/p><p>D\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin, is beag seans go raibh \u00fadar stairi\u00fail aonair ann. Is cuid den ghn\u00e1thph\u00e1tr\u00fan S\u00edneach \u00e9 an traidisi\u00fan a chuireann an saothar i leith Laozi, ina gcuirtear t\u00e9acsanna i leith bunaitheoir finsc\u00e9alach go br\u00e9agach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fa1cda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fa1cda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72671cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72671cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An Daodejing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed9666a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed9666a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is t\u00e9acs 81 chaibidil ghearra \u00e9 an Daodejing (\u00abClasaiceach an Bhealaigh agus an tSubh\u00e1ilc\u00bb), a leagann amach coincheapa bun\u00fasacha an Daoachais i bhfoirm fhileata, aforasmach.<\/p><p>Is iad na t\u00e9arma\u00ed l\u00e1rnacha \u00abDao\u00bb (Bealach, an r\u00e9altacht chosmach bhunaidh), \u00abDe\u00bb (Subh\u00e1ilc, cumhacht inmhe\u00e1nach), \u00abWuwei\u00bb (Neamhghn\u00edomh, gn\u00edomh\u00fa gan iallach), \u00abZiran\u00bb (N\u00e1d\u00farthacht, mar at\u00e1 s\u00e9 f\u00e9in \u00f3 cheart) agus \u00abPu\u00bb (an adhmad neamhsnoite, simpl\u00edocht bhunaidh). Crutha\u00edonn na t\u00e9arma\u00ed seo le ch\u00e9ile c\u00f3ras feals\u00fanach agus reiligi\u00fanach, a forbra\u00edodh tuilleadh i go leor tr\u00e1chtaireachta\u00ed ina dhiaidh sin.<\/p>\n\n<p>Is \u00f3 Wang Bi (226 go 249) agus Heshang Gong (1\u00fa haois R.Ch. n\u00f3 2\u00fa haois A.D.) a thagann na tr\u00e1chtaireachta\u00ed clasaiceach is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed ar an Daodejing. L\u00e9ann an bheirt an t\u00e9acs ar bheala\u00ed \u00e9ags\u00fala: l\u00e9ann Wang Bi \u00e9 ar bhealach feals\u00fanach-onta\u00edoch, agus l\u00e9ann Heshang Gong \u00e9 ar bhealach reiligi\u00fanach-praitici\u00fail, ag tagairt do mhachnamh agus do theicn\u00edc\u00ed an\u00e1laithe.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>T\u00e1 an teannas idir l\u00e9amh feals\u00fanach agus l\u00e9amh reiligi\u00fanach le brath ar l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa an Daodejing go f\u00f3ill inniu. L\u00e9irigh Livia Kohn in \u00abDaoism and Chinese Culture\u00bb (2001) conas a chuir an d\u00fachine\u00e1l seo den t\u00e9acs ar chumas a thionchar urghn\u00e1ch i r\u00e9imse leathan comhth\u00e9acsanna cult\u00fartha.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ba74c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ba74c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c62d4e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c62d4e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diagh\u00fa Laozi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c669a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c669a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>San 2\u00fa haois A.D. thosaigh diagh\u00fa reiligi\u00fanach Laozi. Sa scoil dhaoach luath Tianshi (\u00abM\u00e1istr\u00ed Neamha\u00ed\u00bb), a bhunaigh Zhang Daoling timpeall 142 A.D., adhra\u00edodh Laozi mar mh\u00fainteoir neamha\u00ed agus mar l\u00e9iri\u00fa ar an Dao.<\/p><p>Deirtear gur nocht s\u00e9 \u00e9 f\u00e9in do Zhang Daoling i bhf\u00eds agus gur thug s\u00e9 na t\u00e9acsanna sacra\u00ed d\u00f3. Mar sin, n\u00edorbh fheals\u00fana\u00ed finsc\u00e9alach amh\u00e1in a bh\u00ed i Laozi n\u00edos m\u00f3, ach figi\u00far cosmach le feidhm reiligi\u00fanach ghn\u00edomhach.<\/p>\n\n<p>Leathna\u00edodh an diagh\u00fa seo thar na c\u00e9adta bliain a lean. San <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanach S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an Bealach.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachas<\/span> na r\u00e9 Tang (618 go 907), meastar Laozi mar Taishang Laojun (\u00abAn Tiarna Ard-Fhor\u00e1sta\u00bb), duine de na tr\u00ed phr\u00edomhdhiaga sa phaint\u00e9in daoach, mar aon le Yuanshi Tianzun (\u00abOn\u00f3rach Neamha\u00ed an Tosaigh\u00bb) agus Lingbao Tianzun (\u00abOn\u00f3rach Neamha\u00ed an Taisce Sacra\u00ed\u00bb).<\/p><p>San fhoirm seo, t\u00e1 Laozi f\u00f3s le f\u00e1il inniu i dteampaill dhaoach na S\u00edne, Taiwan agus Hong Cong.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4e0da5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4e0da5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b11b74c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b11b74c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi agus polait\u00edocht na himpireachta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94e71dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94e71dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bh\u00ed r\u00f3l ar leith ag Laozi i bpolait\u00edocht impiri\u00fail na S\u00edne. Mha\u00edgh impir\u00ed na Tang, a raibh an sloinne Li orthu, gur de shliocht Laozi a bh\u00ed siad, agus deirtear gur Li a bh\u00ed ar shloinne Laozi f\u00e9in.<\/p><p>Ba \u00e9 an t\u00f3g\u00e1il gheinealaseach seo bun\u00fas id\u00e9-eola\u00edoch dhinasty Tang, agus ba ch\u00fais \u00e9 le taca\u00edocht st\u00e1it don <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanachta S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an Bealach.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachas<\/span>. Bhronn Impire Xuanzong (a rialaigh \u00f3 712 go 756) an teideal \u00abSinsear Ard-Naofa, Tiarna S\u00edora\u00ed na Flaithis de Bhua Ollmh\u00f3r\u00bb ar Laozi, agus d&#8217;ordaigh s\u00e9 go mbeadh an Daodejing ina l\u00e9itheoireacht \u00e9igeantach sna scr\u00faduithe st\u00e1it.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>L\u00e9irigh Florian Reiter ina shaothar \u00abThe Aspirations and Standards of Taoist Priests in the Early Tang Period\u00bb (1998) a dhl\u00faithe a bh\u00ed nasc idir adhradh reiligi\u00fanach Laozi agus l\u00e9iri\u00fa polaiti\u00fail f\u00e9inriartha dhinasty Tang.<\/span><\/p><p>Ba ch\u00fais leis an taca\u00edocht impiri\u00fail seo faoi bhl\u00e1th an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanachta S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an Bealach.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachas<\/span>, t\u00f3g\u00e1il m\u00f3r\u00e1n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh dia n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span>, agus caighde\u00e1n\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ord seasta a bhaineann le seirbh\u00eds reiligi\u00fanach pobail chreidimh.\" tabindex=\"0\">liot\u00fairge<\/span> dhao\u00edoch. Rinne an tsealbh\u00fa polaiti\u00fail seo \u00edomh\u00e1 Laozi a mh\u00fanl\u00fa go buan, agus t\u00e1 s\u00e9 difri\u00fail \u00f3 l\u00e9iri\u00fa an Chonf\u00faiseachais, ar traidisi\u00fan \u00e9 at\u00e1 n\u00edos l\u00fa institi\u00faidi\u00falaithe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f33cd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f33cd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518d1c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"518d1c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rang\u00fa L\u00e9ann na Reiligi\u00fan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-357732f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"357732f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sa taighde reiligi\u00fanach d\u00e9antar idirdheal\u00fa idir an \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanach S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an tSl\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachas<\/span> feals\u00fanach\u00bb (Daojia) agus an \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanach S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an tSl\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachas<\/span> reiligi\u00fanach\u00bb (Daojiao), idirdheal\u00fa at\u00e1 coitianta \u00f3 r\u00e9 Han (206 R.Ch. go dt\u00ed 220 A.D.). \u00c9 seo \u00e1 r\u00e1, t\u00e1 an t-idirdheal\u00fa seo casta mar go dt\u00e9ann an d\u00e1 shn\u00e1ithe i bhfost\u00fa ina ch\u00e9ile sa r\u00e9altacht stairi\u00fail.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>L\u00e9irigh Isabelle Robinet ina saothar \u00abTaoism: Growth of a Religion\u00bb (1997) agus Harold Roth ina \u00abOriginal Tao\u00bb (1999) nach l\u00e9ir\u00edonn idirdheal\u00fa docht an fhianaise stairi\u00fail go cu\u00ed. T\u00e1 sleachta sa Daodejing f\u00e9in is f\u00e9idir a l\u00e9amh mar th\u00e9acs machnaimh phraitici\u00fail, agus baintear \u00fas\u00e1id l\u00e1rnach as na coincheapa feals\u00fanacha sna sruthanna reiligi\u00fanacha.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Rinne Volker Olles ina chuid saothar faoin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanach S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an tSl\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachas<\/span> i Sichuan doicim\u00e9ad\u00fa ar an \u00e9ags\u00falacht r\u00e9igi\u00fanach a bhaineann le hadhradh Laozi. I gcuid de na r\u00e9igi\u00fain, adhradh Laozi mar phrionsabal cosmach, agus i r\u00e9igi\u00fain eile mar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Neach a adhra\u00edtear mar dhia laistigh de reiligi\u00fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">dhiadhacht<\/span> phearsanta a bhfuil r\u00e9ims\u00ed gn\u00edmh nithi\u00fala aici (leigheas, cosaint, saibhreas).<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an \u00e9ags\u00falacht seo nach reiligi\u00fan d\u00fanta \u00e9 an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanach S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an tSl\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachas<\/span>, ach traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach leathan le go leor sruthanna agus l\u00e9irithe \u00e1iti\u00fala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31b6ff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e31b6ff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f4de1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f4de1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi i gcompar\u00e1id<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ed944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6ed944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u00e9antar compar\u00e1id idir Laozi agus bunaitheoir\u00ed m\u00f3ra thraidisi\u00fain reiligi\u00fanacha eile (Confucius, B\u00fada, S\u00f3crait\u00e9as) \u00f3 am go ch\u00e9ile sa taighde, ach is \u00e1bhar \u00edogair \u00f3 thaobh na modheola\u00edochta \u00e9. Thug Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller le fios nach n-oibr\u00edonn an smaoineamh a bhaineann le bunaitheoir aonair, at\u00e1 feice\u00e1lach i reiligi\u00fain an Iarthair, ar an mbealach c\u00e9anna i dtraidisi\u00fan na S\u00edne.<\/p><p>N\u00ed bunaitheoir \u00e9 Laozi sa chiall a bhaineann le \u00cdosa n\u00f3 Muhammad, ach is m\u00f3 gur figi\u00far siombalach finsc\u00e9alach \u00e9 a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn traidisi\u00fan \u00e1irithe, gan \u00e9 a bheith curtha ar bun aige go gn\u00edomhach.<\/p>\n\n<p>Laistigh de thraidisi\u00fan na S\u00edne, seasann Laozi in aice le Zhuangzi (4\u00fa haois R.Ch.), an dara m\u00f3r\u00fadar Daoach, a bhfuil t\u00e1bhacht bhun\u00fasach ag baint lena shaothar comhainmneach \u00abZhuangzi\u00bb chomh maith.<\/p><p>Is minic a \u00e1ir\u00edtear an bheirt le ch\u00e9ile mar bhunaitheoir\u00ed an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach-feals\u00fanach S\u00edneach a threora\u00edtear ag an Dao, an tSl\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoachais<\/span> chlasaicigh. L\u00e9irigh Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller agus Harold Roth go gcuireann an d\u00e1 th\u00e9acs b\u00e9im ar ghn\u00e9ithe feals\u00fanacha \u00e9ags\u00fala, ach go n-\u00fas\u00e1ideann siad bunchoincheapa comhchoiteanna agus go dtr\u00e1chtann siad ar a ch\u00e9ile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae790a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ae790a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f2ade elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4f2ade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u00e1mhscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed Mawangdui agus Guodian<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcdec89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcdec89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Athra\u00edodh taighde ar stair th\u00e9acs\u00fail an \u00abDaodejing\u00bb go bun\u00fasach mar thoradh ar dh\u00e1 th\u00e1ng\u00e1lach seand\u00e1la\u00edochta \u00f3n 20\u00fa haois. I 1973, th\u00e1ng\u00e1il seand\u00e1la\u00edochta S\u00edneacha, i uaigh 3 ag Mawangdui in aice le Changsha (c\u00faige Hunan), dh\u00e1 l\u00e1mhscr\u00edbhinn s\u00edoda den t\u00e9acs, d\u00e1taithe go 168 roimh \u00e1r linn.<\/span><\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn na leaganacha \u00abMawangdui A\u00bb agus \u00abMawangdui B\u00bb ord droim ar ais na gcodanna m\u00f3ra i gcompar\u00e1id leis an chaighde\u00e1nacsanna is d\u00e9ana\u00ed: an \u00abDe-chuid\u00bb (Caibidil 38 go 81 den chaighde\u00e1nt\u00e9acs) at\u00e1 roimh an \u00abDao-chuid\u00bb (Caibidil 1 go 37).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>L\u00e9irmh\u00edn\u00edtear an fhianaise seo sa tS\u00edneola\u00edocht mar l\u00e9iri\u00fa ar eagarth\u00f3ireacht n\u00edos sine n\u00e1 an chaighde\u00e1nt\u00e9acs. Chuir Robert G. Henricks aistri\u00fach\u00e1n B\u00e9arla ioml\u00e1n leaganacha Mawangdui i l\u00e1thair, mar aon le fearas critici\u00fail, ina shaothar \u00abLao-Tzu. Te-Tao Ching\u00bb (Nua-Eabhrac 1989), agus l\u00e9irigh s\u00e9 130 difr\u00edocht l\u00e9amha shubstainti\u00fala i gcompar\u00e1id le vulgata Wang-Bi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Baineann an dara toradh eochair\u00edoch le stiallacha bamb\u00fa a nochtadh in 1993 ag Guodian (Hunan freisin), \u00f3 uaigh a dh\u00e1ta\u00edtear go dt\u00ed thart ar 300 roimh \u00e1r linn.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 thart ar dh\u00e1 ch\u00faigi\u00fa de th\u00e9acs an Daodejing ann i dtr\u00ed bheart, i bhfoirm nach bhfuil roinnte f\u00f3s ina dh\u00e1 chuid. Meastar go bhfuil an leagan seo mar an fhinn\u00e9 th\u00e9acs\u00fail \u00e1bhartha is sine de choimpl\u00e9asc an Daodejing sa l\u00e1 at\u00e1 inniu ann. Chuir Robert Henricks eagr\u00e1n fileola\u00edochta bunaidh i l\u00e1thair ina shaothar \u00abLao Tzu&#8217;s Tao Te Ching.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A Translation of the Startling New Documents Found at Guodian\u00bb (Nua-Eabhrac 2000); phl\u00e9igh Sarah Allan agus Crispin Williams san imleabhar cnuasaigh \u00abThe Guodian Laozi\u00bb (Berkeley 2000) na hiarmhairt\u00ed modheola\u00edochta don cheist d\u00e1taithe.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>L\u00e9irigh Harold D. Roth ina shaothar \u00abOriginal Tao\u00bb (Nua-Eabhrac 1999) go gcuireann stiallacha bamb\u00fa Guodian t\u00e9acs an Daodejing i gcomhth\u00e9acs sruth leathan machnaimh chosmeola\u00edoch mhachnamhach luath, arb iad na ranna is inaitheanta n\u00e1 \u00abNeiye\u00bb agus \u00abHeguanzi\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f70d31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f70d31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477e1e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"477e1e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Traidisi\u00fan tr\u00e1chtaireachta agus sealbh\u00fa reiligi\u00fanach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d530ab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d530ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cotha\u00edtear stair fheidhmeach thorth\u00fail an Daodejing go pr\u00edomha ag traidisi\u00fan a thr\u00e1chtaireachta\u00ed.<\/p><p>Meastar tr\u00ed thr\u00e1chtaireacht a bheith <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bhaineann le corpas scr\u00edbhinn\u00ed a aithn\u00edtear go h\u00fadar\u00e1sach mar chuid de reiligi\u00fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">can\u00f3nach<\/span> sa tS\u00edneola\u00edocht. D\u00e1ta\u00edtear an \u00abTr\u00e1chtaireacht Heshanggong\u00bb (\u00abTr\u00e1chtaireacht Lao-tse an Mh\u00e1istir ar Bhruach na Habhann\u00bb) go traidisi\u00fanta go tr\u00e9imhse Han (go f\u00edrinneach is d\u00f3cha 1\u00fa go 2\u00fa haois d\u00e1r linne), agus l\u00e9irmh\u00edn\u00edonn s\u00ed an t\u00e9acs mar chl\u00e1r f\u00e9in-shaothraithe coirp, rud a mh\u00fanlaigh traidisi\u00fan an ailceimic inmhe\u00e1naigh Daoach (neidan) ina dhiaidh sin.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>D&#8217;fhoilsigh Eduard Erkes an ch\u00e9ad ch\u00f3ire\u00e1il ch\u00f3rasach ar an Tr\u00e1chtaireacht Heshanggong i dteanga Iartharach sa bhliain 1950 in \u00abArtibus Asiae\u00bb; rinne Alan K. L. Chan compar\u00e1id idir an Tr\u00e1chtaireacht Heshanggong agus an dara tr\u00e1chtaireacht chan\u00f3nach ina leabhar \u00abTwo Visions of the Way\u00bb (Albany, 1991).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Is le Wang Bi (226 go 249) an dara tr\u00e1chtaireacht seo, ionada\u00ed de chuid \u00abxuanxue\u00bb (\u00abTeagasc na R\u00fandiamhrachta\u00bb) \u00f3 thr\u00e9imhse Wei-Jin, agus athmh\u00fanla\u00edonn s\u00e9 an t\u00e9acs i l\u00edne onta\u00ed-mheitifisici\u00fail ina l\u00e9irmh\u00edn\u00edtear an \u00abNeamhn\u00ed\u00bb (\u00abwu\u00bb) mar bhonn ontach an Bheith.<\/p><p>D&#8217;imir tr\u00e1chtaireacht Wang Bi tionchar buanseasmhach ar an l\u00e9amh S\u00edneach ina dhiaidh sin agus is bun\u00fas \u00e9 do mh\u00f3rchuid na n-eagr\u00e1n caighde\u00e1nach a fhoils\u00edtear inniu.<\/p><p>Is \u00ed an tr\u00ed\u00fa tr\u00e1chtaireacht l\u00e1rnach an \u00abTr\u00e1chtaireacht Xiang&#8217;er\u00bb (\u00abM\u00edni\u00fa i gCuimhne Ortsa\u00bb), a cumadh sa 2\u00fa n\u00f3 3\u00fa haois i measc na nDaoach \u00abTianshi\u00bb (M\u00e1istr\u00ed Neamha\u00ed) san am luath.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>D&#8217;aistrigh Stephen R. Bokenkamp an Tr\u00e1chtaireacht Xiang&#8217;er go hioml\u00e1n go B\u00e9arla den ch\u00e9ad uair in \u00abEarly Daoist Scriptures\u00bb (Berkeley, 1997), agus l\u00e9irigh s\u00e9 go raibh an l\u00e9irshealbh\u00fa reiligi\u00fanach ar Laozi mar dhia pearsanta \u00abTaishang Laojun\u00bb faoi l\u00e1nfhor\u00e1s sa sraith seo f\u00e9in, agus n\u00e1r th\u00e1inig s\u00e9 chun cinn den ch\u00e9ad uair sna scoileanna Lingbao agus Shangqing n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450e76c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"450e76c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11340e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11340e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Glacadh idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae2959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eae2959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00e9 an Daodejing, in \u00e9ineacht leis an Bh\u00edobla, an leabhar is minice a aistr\u00edtear go teangacha eile ar domhan. Is \u00f3n 18\u00fa haois a thagann na haistri\u00fach\u00e1in Eorpacha is luaithe; sa 19\u00fa agus 20\u00fa haois chuir aistritheoir\u00ed ar n\u00f3s Richard Wilhelm, James Legge agus Arthur Waley an saothar ar f\u00e1il do lucht l\u00e9itheoireachta leathan san Iarthar.<\/p><p>Sa 20\u00fa haois, d&#8217;imir Laozi tionchar suntasach ar fheals\u00fanacht an Iarthair, ar an traidisi\u00fan s\u00edocteiripeach agus ar an ghluaiseacht es\u00f3iteireach freisin, go minic i bhfoirm shimplithe agus athl\u00e9irmh\u00ednithe go maith ar bhealach Iartharach.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Inniu is r\u00e9imse idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta \u00e9 an taighde ar Laozi, ina nglactar p\u00e1irt le S\u00edneolaithe \u00f3n tS\u00edn, \u00f3n T\u00e9av\u00e1in, \u00f3n tSeap\u00e1in, \u00f3n Eoraip agus \u00f3 Mheirice\u00e1. T\u00e1 d\u00edosp\u00f3ireachta\u00ed beoga ann faoi dh\u00e1t\u00fa, faoi stair an t\u00e9acs, faoin l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa feals\u00fanach agus faoin fheidhm reiligi\u00fanach.<\/p><p>Is f\u00e9idir concl\u00faid amh\u00e1in \u00f3n taighde go dt\u00ed seo a lua: b&#8217;fh\u00e9idir nach bhfuil an cheist maidir leis an Laozi stairi\u00fail chomh t\u00e1bhachtach leis an cheist maidir le stair fheidhmeach na dt\u00e9acsanna a chuirtear ina leith, saothair a \u00e1ir\u00edtear i measc na saothar is m\u00f3 tionchar i litr\u00edocht agus i stair reiligi\u00fanach an domhain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3217,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Laozi","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Laozi \u2013 Bunaitheoir an Daoachais | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Is \u00e9 Laozi bunaitheoir miotasach an Daoachais agus \u00fadar an Daodejing. 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