{"id":188645,"date":"2026-09-07T03:36:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=188645"},"modified":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","slug":"hananim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/hananim\/","title":{"rendered":"Hananim"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"188645\" class=\"elementor elementor-188645 elementor-3054 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c829f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"94c829f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b923208 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b923208\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-774a445 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"774a445\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d35426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d35426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim, dia is airde shamanacht na C\u00f3ir\u00e9<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdceee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdceee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00e9 Hananim (C\u00f3ir\u00e9is \ud558\ub098\ub2d8) an t\u00e9arma C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise nua-aimseartha don \u00abTiarna na bhFlaitheas\u00bb n\u00f3 \u00abDia is airde\u00bb. Murab ionann le Hwanin, arb \u00e9 figi\u00far at\u00e1 fr\u00e9amhaithe i miotas bunaithe na C\u00f3ir\u00e9, is t\u00e9arma \u00e9 Hananim at\u00e1 stairi\u00falach reiligi\u00fanach measartha nua, a \u00fas\u00e1ideadh \u00f3n 19\u00fa haois i leith go pr\u00edomha i gcomhth\u00e9acsanna Cr\u00edosta\u00ed, nuareiligi\u00fanacha agus i gcreideamh pobail.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 a ard\u00fa go hainm l\u00e1rnach D\u00e9 mar chuid den athr\u00fa reiligi\u00fanach a tharla sa Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9 nuair a chuir s\u00ed aithne ar an Chr\u00edosta\u00edocht thiar agus ar ghluaiseachta\u00ed athch\u00f3irithe reiligi\u00fanacha d\u00e1 cuid f\u00e9in.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0a87fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c0a87fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-000caa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"000caa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dia \/ Bandia: Cumhacht phearsantaithe is airde i bpainti\u00fan cult\u00fair, le freagrachta\u00ed soil\u00e9ire \u2014 f\u00f3rsa\u00ed an d\u00falra, cinni\u00faint, cogadh, torth\u00falacht. Adhradh tr\u00ed chultanna, ofr\u00e1lacha agus institi\u00faid\u00ed teampaill.\">Dia<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/coiree\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Domhan d\u00e9ithe, seam\u00e1int\u00ed agus spiorad\u00e1lacha na C\u00f3ir\u00e9.\">An Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cc34b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8cc34b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508a21 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2508a21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;N\\u00edor aims\\u00edodh aon cheannteideal ar an leathanach seo.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCl\u00e1r \u00c1bhair\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2508a21\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b31242e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b31242e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3873cfc iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3873cfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-190244\" alt=\"Hananim - D\u00e9ithe \u00f3 thraidisi\u00fan na C\u00f3ir\u00e9, l\u00e9iritheach go stairi\u00fail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hananim.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b057e62 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b057e62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc0b35b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc0b35b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f71efa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f71efa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sanasa\u00edocht agus Stair an Fhocail<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b763f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b763f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00e1 an t\u00e9arma Hananim comhdh\u00e9anta as an bhfocal C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise \u00abhaneul\u00bb (flaitheas) agus an iarmh\u00edr on\u00f3rach \u00ab-nim\u00bb, a chialla\u00edonn go litri\u00fail \u00abna flaithis on\u00f3racha\u00bb n\u00f3 \u00abTiarna na bhFlaitheas\u00bb. San fhoirm n\u00edos sine, tugadh Hanunim n\u00f3 Hanonim air, agus t\u00e1 a fhr\u00e9amhacha sa chleachtas pobail ina n-aithn\u00edt\u00ed na flaithis mar chumhacht phearsanta.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>L\u00e9irigh Don Baker ina leabhar \u00abKorean Spirituality\u00bb (2008) go bhfuil an fhoirm focail seo doicim\u00e9adaithe i gcleachtas pobail \u00f3n 17\u00fa agus 18\u00fa haois, ach gan \u00e9 a chur i bhfoirm foirceadal D\u00e9 aontaithe ar bith.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Thug James Grayson faoi deara ina leabhar \u00abKorea: A Religious History\u00bb (1989) n\u00e1r bhunaigh an t\u00e9arma i bhfoirm nua-aimseartha Hananim a \u00e1it sheasta go dt\u00ed an 19\u00fa haois, i measc na luath-thiontuithe C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise chun an Chaitliceachais agus go pr\u00edomha i measc na misin\u00e9ir\u00ed Protast\u00fanach ag deireadh an 19\u00fa haois.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Roghnaigh na misin\u00e9ir\u00ed Albanacha John Ross agus John MacIntyre, a rinne an ch\u00e9ad aistri\u00fach\u00e1n B\u00edobla C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise i Mukden sa bhliain 1882, Hananim mar aistri\u00fach\u00e1n ar ainm D\u00e9 Eabhraise-Gr\u00e9igise. Chuir an rogha sin dealramh buan ar an traidisi\u00fan Protast\u00fanach C\u00f3ir\u00e9ach ina dhiaidh sin.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-982ee3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"982ee3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b40a6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b40a6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim sa traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach pobail<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26981b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26981b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sula nglac na misin\u00e9ir\u00ed Cr\u00edosta\u00ed leis an t\u00e9arma, b&#8217;i\u00fal \u00e9 Hananim n\u00f3 Hanunim, ar \u00fas\u00e1ideadh chun na flaithis a aithint i m\u00f3r\u00e1n deasghn\u00e1tha pobail Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9ise.<\/p><p>Ghlaoigh feirmeoir\u00ed air sula gcuirid\u00eds s\u00edolta, luaigh sham\u00e1in \u00e9 i ngu\u00ed caointe, agus labhra\u00edodh tuismitheoir\u00ed leis ag am breithe agus ag am b\u00e1is. N\u00ed raibh an t-adhradh seo eagraithe laistigh de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1n na nd\u00e9ithe de reiligi\u00fan n\u00f3 de chult\u00far.\" tabindex=\"0\">phaint\u00e9in<\/span> aontaithe, ach nocht s\u00e9 mar shraith bhreise in \u00e9ineacht le reiligi\u00fanacht Bh\u00fada\u00edoch, Conf\u00faiseach agus sham\u00e1nach.<\/p>\n\n<p>Thug Boudewijn Walraven faoi deara ina shaothar ar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"C\u00f3ras reiligi\u00fanach ina mb\u00edonn speisialt\u00f3ir\u00ed ag caidreamh le domhan na spiorad.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanacht<\/span> na C\u00f3ir\u00e9 go nglaoigh na sham\u00e1in (\u00abmudang\u00bb) ar an Tiarna Flaitheas mar chumhacht i bhfad \u00f3 bhaile a chuir a bheag n\u00f3 a mh\u00f3r isteach, agus go nd\u00e9anaid\u00eds obair leighis nithi\u00fail tr\u00ed spioraid \u00e1iti\u00fala agus d\u00e9ithe sl\u00e9ibhte.<\/p><p>Bh\u00ed Hananim ag barr na huachtar\u00e1in reiligi\u00fana\u00ed, gan aon chiall dheasghn\u00e1thach dh\u00edreach a bheith aige sa saol laeth\u00fail. Is d\u00e9anamh \u00abDeus otiosus\u00bb tipici\u00fail de fhoirmeacha creidimh flaitheas na h\u00c1ise Thuaidh \u00e9 seo, dar le Mircea Eliade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfceb0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bfceb0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f63af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f63af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Glacadh Cr\u00edosta\u00ed sa 19\u00fa haois<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c8d34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76c8d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rogha comhfhiosach a bh\u00ed ann ag an mhisean Protast\u00fanach roghn\u00fa Hananim mar aistri\u00fach\u00e1n ar ainm D\u00e9 an Bh\u00edobla. Bh\u00ed Sanonim (Tiarna an tSl\u00e9ibhe), Shinjeo (cumhacht dhiaga) agus Sangje (rialt\u00f3ir is airde, t\u00e9arma Conf\u00faiseach) i measc na roghanna eile.<\/p><p>Roghnaigh John Ross agus a chiorcal i n&#8217;\u00e1it Sangje mar go raibh s\u00e9 bainteach go dl\u00fath le cultas c\u00fairte Conf\u00faiseach, agus i n&#8217;\u00e1it Shinjeo mar go bhf\u00e9adfa\u00ed \u00e9 a l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa go polaidheist\u00ed n\u00f3 go paindiaimh. Bh\u00ed bunt\u00e1iste ag Hananim sa mh\u00e9id go raibh s\u00e9 bunaithe cheana f\u00e9in sa chreideamh pobail mar chumhacht phearsanta uath\u00fail.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Ghlac an dara tonn de mhisin\u00e9ir\u00ed Protast\u00fanach, go pr\u00edomha Modhach agus Preispit\u00e9arach \u00f3 na St\u00e1it Aontaithe, leis an rogha sna 1880id\u00ed agus 1890id\u00ed. D&#8217;\u00fas\u00e1id Horace Underwood agus Henry Appenzeller, a shroich Seoul in 1885, Hananim ina n-aistri\u00fach\u00e1n B\u00edobla agus ina gcleachtas liot\u00fairgeach.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Faoi 1900 bh\u00ed an t\u00e9arma fr\u00e9amhaithe go daingean i mB\u00edobla na C\u00f3ir\u00e9, fionnachtain nach bhfuil aon leagan d\u00e1 sh\u00f3rt le f\u00e1il in aon traidisi\u00fan eile Oirthear na h\u00c1ise (an tS\u00edn, an tSeap\u00e1in) le stair r\u00e9amhtheachtach dh\u00fachasach den chine\u00e1l c\u00e9anna.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0280a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d0280a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d7af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95d7af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim agus an traidisi\u00fan Caitliceach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f96e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f96e12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D&#8217;\u00fas\u00e1id an traidisi\u00fan Caitliceach n\u00edos sine sa Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9, a tugadh isteach \u00f3n tS\u00edn ag deireadh an 18\u00fa haois, an t\u00e9arma S\u00ednise-bhunaithe Cheonju (\u00abTiarna na bhFlaitheas\u00bb) ar dt\u00fas, a thug Matteo Ricci isteach.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 an t\u00e9arma seo f\u00f3s in \u00fas\u00e1id inniu i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ord socraithe seirbh\u00edse D\u00e9 de phobal reiligi\u00fanach.\" tabindex=\"0\">liot\u00fairge<\/span> Chaitliceach na C\u00f3ir\u00e9. Mar sin de, t\u00e1 deighilt sh\u00e9iptmheachta i sloinnte D\u00e9 sa Chr\u00edosta\u00edocht Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9ach: tugann na Protast\u00fanaigh Hananim air, agus tugann na Caitlicigh Cheonju air. T\u00e1 an d\u00e1 th\u00e9arma go daingean fr\u00e9amhaithe sa chaint laeth\u00fail.<\/p>\n\n<p>T\u00e1 an scoilt seo i sloinnte D\u00e9 suntasach \u00f3 thaobh staire reiligi\u00fana\u00ed agus t\u00e1 d\u00edosp\u00f3ireachta\u00ed \u00e9ac\u00faim\u00e9ineach mar thoradh air le blianta beaga anuas. Thug Don Baker faoi deara go bhfuil an rogha idir ainmneacha D\u00e9 difri\u00fala n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 ceist aistri\u00fach\u00e1in amh\u00e1in; comhartha\u00edonn s\u00e9 baint dhifri\u00fail dhiagacht\u00fail: ceangla\u00edtear Cheonju leis an traidisi\u00fan ordlathach-Chonf\u00faiseach, agus Hananim leis an chr\u00e1ifeacht flaitheas pobail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-511364e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"511364e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8483d68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8483d68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gluaiseachta\u00ed nuareiligi\u00fanacha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2d9e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb2d9e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00e1 r\u00f3l l\u00e1rnach ag Hananim freisin i ngluaiseachta\u00ed nuareiligi\u00fanacha Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9acha ag deireadh na tr\u00e9imhse Joseon agus le linn na tr\u00e9imhse coil\u00edneachta.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>D&#8217;adhraigh an ghluaiseacht Donghak, a bhunaigh Choe Je-u sa bhliain 1860, Hannolnim, leagan de Hananim, mar na flaithis phearsantaithe at\u00e1 i l\u00e1thair i ngach duine (sa fhr\u00e1sa c\u00e1ili\u00fail \u00abinnaecheon\u00bb, \u00abIs flaithis \u00e9 an duine\u00bb). Threoraigh an ghluaiseacht seo an \u00c9ir\u00ed Amach Donghak m\u00f3r sa bhliain 1894 agus buna\u00edodh \u00ed ina institi\u00faid n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed faoin ainm Cheondogyo.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>\u00das\u00e1ideann an Daejonggyo freisin, a leag amach traidisi\u00fan Dangun-Hwanin go c\u00f3rasach sa bhliain 1909, Hananim mar ainm ar an dia is airde den tr\u00edon\u00f3id naofa. Ghlac gluaiseacht Sun Myung Moon (an Eaglais Aontaithe), a buna\u00edodh n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed, leis an t\u00e9arma \u00f3n traidisi\u00fan Cr\u00edosta\u00ed C\u00f3ir\u00e9ach. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an \u00e9ags\u00falacht seo c\u00e9 chomh oscailte agus at\u00e1 Hananim mar fhoirm reiligi\u00fanach teanga agus conas a rinne sruthanna \u00e9ags\u00fala \u00fas\u00e1id as le haghaidh cl\u00e1r diagacht\u00fail difri\u00fala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8badfd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8badfd1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165c229 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"165c229\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim agus Cheonju i gcompar\u00e1id le ch\u00e9ile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616653e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"616653e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00ed f\u00e9idir an rogha idir Hananim agus Cheonju a chur i l\u00e1thair ach \u00f3 thaobh na hainmn\u00edochta amh\u00e1in, ach freisin \u00f3 thaobh na staire teanga. Is t\u00e9arma C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise d\u00fachasach amach agus amach \u00e9 Hananim, agus is foirmi\u00fa Sino-Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9ise \u00e9 Cheonju. L\u00e9ir\u00edtear na difr\u00edochta\u00ed teangeola\u00edochta seo sa chaoi a n-air\u00edonn na creidmhigh na t\u00e9arma\u00ed.<\/p><p>C\u00e9 go dtuigtear Hananim mar th\u00e9arma teann, d\u00fachasach agus pearsanta, meastar Cheonju a bheith n\u00edos foirmi\u00fala, n\u00edos d\u00ednithe agus n\u00edos gaire don teanga scr\u00edofa. Mar sin, t\u00e1 dh\u00e1 bhr\u00ed choimhdeach ag baint leo, gan aon rang\u00fa soil\u00e9ir diagachta a bheith eatarthu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Mhol Antonetta Bruno ina saothar ar theanga reiligi\u00fanach na C\u00f3ir\u00e9 an difr\u00edocht seo a thuiscint mar iolrachas teanga a chotha\u00edtear go feasach laistigh de chreideamh reiligi\u00fanach na C\u00f3ir\u00e9. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00ed conas is f\u00e9idir le teanga amh\u00e1in dh\u00e1 fhocal dhifri\u00fala a bheith aici don bhunchatag\u00f3ir dhiagachta ch\u00e9anna gan aon mhearbhall a chruth\u00fa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f80e53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f80e53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a56984 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a56984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00das\u00e1id an lae inniu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed8050a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed8050a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sa l\u00e1 at\u00e1 inniu ann, is \u00e9 Hananim an t\u00e9arma caighde\u00e1nach do Dhia an Chr\u00edosta\u00edochta i dtraidisi\u00fan Protast\u00fanach na C\u00f3ir\u00e9. Le breis agus deich milli\u00fan Protast\u00fanach sa Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9 Theas agus le l\u00e1ithreacht l\u00e1idir eaglais\u00ed C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise thar lear, t\u00e1 scaipeadh forleathan ag an t\u00e9arma.<\/p><p>Ag an am c\u00e9anna, \u00fas\u00e1idtear \u00e9 i gcomhth\u00e9acsanna liteartha agus neamh-reiligi\u00fanacha mar ainmni\u00fa ginear\u00e1lta ar Dhia, mar shampla i nd\u00e1nta, in exclamations laeth\u00fala agus i dteanga fheals\u00fanachta.<\/p>\n\n<p>Is sampla suntasach den \u00e9ifeacht reiligi\u00fanach-stairi\u00fail \u00e9 caomhn\u00fa an t\u00e9arma sa st\u00f3r focal C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise nua-aoiseach, ainm a bh\u00ed bunaithe go tosaigh sa reiligi\u00fan dh\u00fachasach ach a bh\u00ed, tr\u00ed ghlacadh mhisin\u00e9ireachta, iompaithe ina bhunchatag\u00f3ir dhiagachta.<\/p><p>Mheas James Grayson an pr\u00f3iseas seo mar \u00abrud at\u00e1thar r\u00e9as\u00fanta uath\u00fail i stair mhisin\u00e9ireachta chr\u00edosta\u00edocht an domhain\u00bb, mar gheall gur bheag n\u00e1 go raibh ar aistritheoir\u00ed an Bh\u00edobla i m\u00f3rchuid teangacha eile t\u00e9arma nua a chruth\u00fa n\u00f3 t\u00e9arma at\u00e1 ann cheana a athmh\u00edni\u00fa go m\u00f3r. I gc\u00e1s na C\u00f3ir\u00e9, d&#8217;fhan an t\u00e9arma a bh\u00ed ann cheana beagnach mar a bh\u00ed a bhr\u00ed, agus rinneadh \u00e9 a shoil\u00e9iri\u00fa \u00f3 thaobh na diagachta amh\u00e1in tr\u00ed \u00fas\u00e1id Chr\u00edosta\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93d633f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93d633f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e4d127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e4d127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Staid an taighde<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c170e14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c170e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00e1 taighde Hananim ar iompar go pr\u00edomha ag James Grayson, Don Baker, Boudewijn Walraven agus Antonetta Bruno. Sna tr\u00ed sc\u00f3r bliain seo caite, t\u00e1 siad tar \u00e9is doimhneacht stairi\u00fail agus t\u00e1bhacht stairi\u00fail an t\u00e9arma a shoil\u00e9iri\u00fa.<\/p><p>N\u00edl stair ch\u00f3ras focail ioml\u00e1n f\u00f3s curtha i l\u00e1thair, a chuims\u00edonn na fianais\u00ed uile \u00e1bhartha \u00f3 th\u00e9acsanna d\u00fachasacha, Cr\u00edosta\u00ed agus n\u00faareiligi\u00fanach. Phl\u00e9igh Maurizio Riotto i roinnt aist\u00ed ar stair reiligi\u00fanach na C\u00f3ir\u00e9 an nasc leis an traidisi\u00fan Tengri san \u00c1ise Thuaidh, le f\u00e1il ch\u00faramach nach f\u00e9idir l\u00edne dh\u00edreach a chruth\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n<p>I gcomhth\u00e9acs eola\u00edochta n\u00edos leithne, is sampla \u00e9 Hananim den phl\u00e9 teoirici\u00fail faoin \u00abcheist an ch\u00e9addiaga\u00bb, a chuir Mircea Eliade agus Wilhelm Schmidt i l\u00e1r b\u00e1ire sa ch\u00e9ad leath den 20\u00fa haois.<\/p><p>Fuair an teoiric maidir le hArd-Dhia bunaidh, a bh\u00edonn faighte le hArd-dh\u00e9ithe eile ina dhiaidh sin, critici\u00fa sa taighde reiligi\u00fanach nua-aimseartha, ach fanann s\u00ed ina creat pl\u00e9ite \u00e1bhartha don fhianaise Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9ise.<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn Hananim conas is f\u00e9idir le t\u00e9arma d\u00fachasach ard-dhiaga a bheith i l\u00e1thair ar feadh na gc\u00e9adta bliain gan a bheith leabaithe i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc eola\u00edoch faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">diagacht<\/span> d\u00fanta, agus conas is f\u00e9idir \u00e9 a athbheochan tr\u00ed chl\u00e1ir dhiagachta sheachtracha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75e7f10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"75e7f10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac99849 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac99849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Donghak, Choe Je-u agus Diagacht Hannolnim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-852ff55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"852ff55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Is \u00ed an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc eola\u00edoch faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">diagacht<\/span> Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9ise neamhsple\u00e1ch is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed den 19\u00fa haois an ceann a bhaineann le Hananim. Thuairiscigh Choe Je-u (1824 go 1864), bunaitheoir ghluaiseacht Donghak (\u00abTeagasc an Oirthir\u00bb), teagmh\u00e1il mystic sa bhliain 1860, ina sonra\u00edodh d\u00f3 an teagasc faoin sp\u00e9ir istigh ag an Tiarna Neamha\u00ed Hannolnim.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Sna t\u00e9acsanna d\u00e1 chuid, a bail\u00edodh sa \u00abDonggyeong daejeon\u00bb (1880) agus sa \u00abYongdam yusa\u00bb (1881), leagtar amach an bhunteagasc go bhfuil an duine agus an neamh gan a bheith scartha. D&#8217;fhorbra\u00edodh an fr\u00e1sa l\u00e1rnach \u00absi cheonju\u00bb (\u00aban Tiarna Neamha\u00ed a iompar istigh ionat\u00bb) ag a chomharba Choe Si-hyeong, agus go h\u00e1irithe ag Son Byong-hi, ina fhoirmle n\u00edos radaca\u00ed \u00abinnaecheon\u00bb (\u00abIs neamh \u00e9 an duine\u00bb).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Bh\u00ed an seasamh diagachta seo nasctha le cleachtas sochialta-critici\u00fail a chosain saol Choe Je-u sa bhliain 1864; cuireadh chun b\u00e1is \u00e9 mar gheall ar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tuairim reiligi\u00fanach a dhiallann \u00f3n teagasc eaglaise a aithn\u00edtear.\" tabindex=\"0\">eiris<\/span> agus ceannairc. Bh\u00ed toradh na gluaiseachta ina \u00e9ir\u00ed amach tuath\u00e1nach m\u00f3r Donghak i 1894, a raibh rath\u00falacht r\u00e9igi\u00fanach aige ar dt\u00fas, ach a chuir f\u00f3rsa\u00ed Seap\u00e1nach agus C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise C\u00faingi\u00fana\u00ed faoi chos go m\u00edleata ar deireadh.<\/span><\/p><p>L\u00e9irigh Don Baker agus Susan Shin ina saothar ar ghluaiseacht Donghak go raibh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc eola\u00edoch faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">diagacht<\/span> Hananim na Donghak ina hiarracht neamhsple\u00e1ch Ch\u00f3ir\u00e9ise chun reiligi\u00fan nua-aoiseach a chur i l\u00e1thair, gan a bheith faoi r\u00e9ir chr\u00edosta\u00edocht an Iarthair n\u00e1 cultas c\u00fairte Confuscach.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Institi\u00faidithe Son Byong-hi an ghluaiseacht sa bhliain 1905 mar Cheondogyo (\u00abReiligi\u00fan an Bhealaigh Neamha\u00ed\u00bb), a bh\u00ed ina p\u00e1irt th\u00e1bhachtach sa ghluaiseacht neamhsple\u00e1chais i rith na tr\u00e9imhse coil\u00edneachta, mar shampla i nGluaiseacht an M\u00e1rta 1919.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d393860 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d393860\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531e742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"531e742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An T\u00e9arma C\u00f3ir\u00e9ise<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-794cfb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"794cfb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cinneadh na misin\u00e9ir\u00ed Protast\u00fanach i bhfabhar Hananim mar ainm D\u00e9 is cuid \u00e9 den \u00abCeist T\u00e9arma\u00ed C\u00f3ir\u00e9ach\u00bb n\u00edos leithne, d\u00edosp\u00f3ireacht n\u00edos leithne f\u00f3s in Oirthear na h\u00c1ise. Sa tS\u00edn, ba ch\u00fais le d\u00edosp\u00f3ireachta\u00ed c\u00e9adta bliain an cheist chomhthreomhar idir Shen, Shangdi agus Tianzhu, \u00f3 thionscnaimh oiri\u00fanaithe Matteo Ricci i leith.<\/p><p>Sa tSeap\u00e1in, roghnaigh na misin\u00e9ir\u00ed sa 19\u00fa haois <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I Shinto na Seap\u00e1ine, na spioraid agus na cumhachta\u00ed diaga a bhfuil \u00f3m\u00f3s d\u00f3ibh.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kami<\/span> mar th\u00e9arma aistri\u00fach\u00e1in, rud a d&#8217;fh\u00e1g cailli\u00faint bhr\u00ed shuntasach. I gc\u00e1s na C\u00f3ir\u00e9, chuaigh an cheist ar aghaidh go tapa agus go r\u00e9idh i gcompar\u00e1id, rud a chuireann Don Baker i leith an dl\u00fathcheangail strucht\u00faraigh idir Hananim an chreidimh dhaonna agus coincheap Dhia Uachtaraigh phearsanta.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>D&#8217;fhoilsigh John Ross an \u00abCorean Primer\u00bb i 1877 agus na ch\u00e9ad aistri\u00fach\u00e1in Bh\u00edobla \u00f3n Tiomna Nua Gr\u00e9agach i 1882. Bh\u00ed a fhoireann comhoibrithe comhdh\u00e9anta de na luath-thiont\u00f3ir\u00ed C\u00f3ir\u00e9acha Seo Sang-ryun agus Baek Hong-jun.<\/span><\/p><p>Mh\u00ednigh Ross a rogha Hananim leis an arg\u00f3int go raibh \u00aban Dia is airde ar eolas ag muintir na C\u00f3ir\u00e9 cheana f\u00e9in faoin ainm sin\u00bb, tortha\u00ed a mheasann taighde n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed a bheith cruinn ach diagachta\u00ed r\u00f3-gh\u00e9argh\u00e9ar.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Chuir an diagacht\u00f3ir Meirice\u00e1nach James Scarth Gale, ina shaothair \u00abKorean Sketches\u00bb (1898) agus \u00abThe Cloud Dream of the Nine\u00bb (1922), leathn\u00fa ar chur i l\u00e1thair liteartha Hananim don phobal B\u00e9arla.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0904447 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0904447\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea33b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ea33b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hananim sa diagacht agus sa chult\u00far comhaimseartha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf2fc1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf2fc1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sa 20\u00fa agus 21\u00fa haois, th\u00e1inig roinnt saothr\u00fach\u00e1n diagachta ar Hananim. D&#8217;aithin Diagacht Minjung na C\u00f3ir\u00e9, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc scol\u00e1rtha faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">diagacht<\/span> fuascailte na 1970id\u00ed agus na 1980id\u00ed a bhaineann le Suh Nam-dong agus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sinsear a mheastar ina fh\u00f3rsa cosanta i gcult\u00fair \u00e9ags\u00fala.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ahn<\/span> Byung-mu, Hananim leis an Dia at\u00e1 ann do dhaoine faoi l\u00e9an agus faoi chos ar bolg, agus nasc siad \u00e9 le taith\u00ed Han, an fulaingt chomhchoiteann a d&#8217;fhulaing muintir na C\u00f3ir\u00e9 faoi choil\u00edneachas, chogadh agus dheacht\u00f3ireacht.<\/p><p>Chruthaigh an nasc diagacht\u00fail seo idir Hananim agus fulaingt sh\u00f3isialta f\u00e9ini\u00falacht Phrotast\u00fanach na C\u00f3ir\u00e9 go lean\u00fanach fi\u00fa go dt\u00ed an l\u00e1 inniu.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Ar an taobh eile, t\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc scol\u00e1rtha faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">diagacht<\/span> na n-eaglais\u00ed Cinc\u00edseach C\u00f3ir\u00e9ach, go h\u00e1irithe Eaglais an tSoisc\u00e9il Ioml\u00e1in Yoido faoi cheannas Cho Yonggi (1936 go 2021), a chuir Hananim i l\u00e1thair mar bhronnt\u00f3ir beannaithe maoine agus bua spiorad\u00e1lta.<\/span><\/p><p>T\u00e1 an d\u00e1 l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa, an l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa s\u00f3isialta agus an l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa diagachta rath\u00fanais araon, curtha go domhain i bhfeasacht reiligi\u00fain na C\u00f3ir\u00e9 ina Hananim mar ainm D\u00e9. Rinne Sebastian Kim, James Grayson agus Robert Buswell doicim\u00e9ad\u00fa ar an ilghn\u00e9itheacht seo den l\u00e9iri\u00fa Hananim ina saothair faoi reiligi\u00fanacht chomhaimseartha na C\u00f3ir\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f594dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f594dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f84ec19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f84ec19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Foins\u00ed agus litr\u00edocht<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5fcbcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5fcbcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p><span data-nosnippet>Foins\u00ed bunaidh: Choe Je-u, \u00abDonggyeong daejeon\u00bb (iarbh\u00e1is 1880) agus \u00abYongdam yusa\u00bb (iarbh\u00e1is 1881); John Ross, \u00abHistory of Corea, Ancient and Modern\u00bb (Paisley 1879) agus \u00abCorean Primer\u00bb (Shanghai 1877); James Scarth Gale, \u00abKorean Sketches\u00bb (New York 1898); Horace G. Underwood, \u00abThe Religions of Eastern Asia\u00bb (New York 1910).<\/span><\/p><p>Litr\u00edocht th\u00e1naisteach:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>James H. Grayson, \u00abKorea: A Religious History\u00bb (Oxford 1989, 2002) agus \u00abEarly Buddhism and Christianity in Korea\u00bb (Leiden 1985).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Don Baker, \u00abKorean Spirituality\u00bb (Honolulu 2008) agus \u00abCatholics and Anti-Catholicism in Choson Korea\u00bb (Honolulu 2017).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Boudewijn Walraven, \u00abSongs of the Shaman\u00bb (London 1994).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Susan Shin, \u00abTonghak Thought: The Roots of Revolution\u00bb, in \u00abKorea Journal\u00bb 19 (1979).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sebastian Kim, \u00abIn Search of Identity: Debates on Religious Conversion in India\u00bb le codanna compar\u00e1ide C\u00f3ir\u00e9acha (Oxford 2003).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>George Paik, \u00abThe History of Protestant Missions in Korea 1832-1910\u00bb (Pyongyang 1929, ND Seoul 1980).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-nosnippet>Maidir leis an gCeist T\u00e9arma\u00ed, f\u00e9ach Sung-Deuk Oak, \u00abThe Making of Korean Christianity\u00bb (Waco 2013).<\/span><\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3243,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hananim","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hananim \u2013 Dia is Airde na C\u00f3ir\u00e9 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hananim is \u00e9 dia is airde na bhflaitheas i shamanacht na C\u00f3ir\u00e9: cruthaitheoir na cruinne, a glacadh isteach mar ainm D\u00e9 sa 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