{"id":188613,"date":"2026-09-07T03:36:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=188613"},"modified":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","slug":"gula","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/gula\/","title":{"rendered":"Gula"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"188613\" class=\"elementor elementor-188613 elementor-3020 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1271f7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d1271f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ed33b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41ed33b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2edc596 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2edc596\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f18b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12f18b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gula, bandia Bhabyl\u00f3nach na \u00edocshl\u00e1inte<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f18265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f18265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00ed Gula bandia Bhabyl\u00f3nach na \u00edocshl\u00e1inte, agus l\u00e9ir\u00edtear \u00ed mar Mh\u00e1istre\u00e1s na Madra\u00ed, ainmh\u00ed a mheastar mar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cdomh\u00e1 shoil\u00e9ir a sheasann do smaoineamh teib\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">shiombail<\/span> an bhiseach. Is \u00ed Gula an bhandia \u00edocshl\u00e1inte is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed i reiligi\u00fan Mheasapot\u00e1im \u00e1rsa. Adhradh \u00ed go pr\u00edomha sa tr\u00e9imhse Sean-Bhabyl\u00f3nach agus i dtr\u00e9imhse Nua-Ass\u00edreach, agus meastar \u00ed mar ph\u00e1tr\u00fan na h\u00edcshl\u00e1inte, na docht\u00fair\u00ed agus na cn\u00e1imhseach.<\/p><p>Is \u00e9 an madra a siombail, ainmh\u00ed a raibh baint aige, i saoltuiscint Mheasapot\u00e1im \u00e1rsa, leis an leigheas chomh maith leis an teorainn idir an bheatha agus an b\u00e1s. Bh\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh dia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampaill<\/span> is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed i Isin, Nippur agus sa Bhabyl\u00f3in.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d0197 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"33d0197\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d98a816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d98a816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dia \/ Bandia: Cumhacht is airde pearsantaithe i bpaint\u00e9in cult\u00fair, le freagrachta\u00ed soil\u00e9ire \u2014 f\u00f3rsa\u00ed an d\u00falra, cinni\u00faint, cogadh, torth\u00falacht. Adhradh tr\u00ed chultanna, \u00edobairt\u00ed agus institi\u00faid\u00ed teampaill.\">Dia<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/mesopotaimia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Cliabh\u00e1n an reiligi\u00fain dhoicim\u00e9adaigh \u2014 Suim\u00e9ir, Ac\u00e1d, an Bhabl\u00f3in, an Asa\u00edr (c. 3500 R.Ch. go 330 R.Ch.).\">Mesopot\u00e1im<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b45b9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b45b9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5202ae elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"d5202ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;N\\u00edor aims\\u00edodh aon cheannteideal ar an leathanach seo.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCl\u00e1r \u00c1bhair\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__d5202ae\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e80ad34 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e80ad34\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-455e8e3 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"455e8e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-190236\" alt=\"Gula - d\u00e9ithe \u00f3 thraidisi\u00fan na Measpot\u00e1ime, stairi\u00fail-l\u00e9iritheach\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a883 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f2a883\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf2575 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7cf2575\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b60ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75b60ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Miotas agus Bun\u00fas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-210fc41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"210fc41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00ed Gula an foirm n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed agus n\u00edos m\u00f3 de roinnt band\u00e9ithe \u00edocshl\u00e1inte n\u00edos sine, go pr\u00edomha Ninisina, Bau agus Ninkarrak, a adhradh sna cathairst\u00e1it Shean-S\u00faim\u00e9ireach Isin, Lagash agus Sippar. Ninisina, an \u00abBhantiarna Isin\u00bb, is \u00ed an r\u00e9amhtheachta\u00ed is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed.<\/p><p>Chomh luath leis na inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed r\u00edoga de dhinasty Isin timpeall 2000 R.Ch., feictear \u00ed mar an bandia \u00edocshl\u00e1inte is airde agus mar bhandia na cathrach. Sa tr\u00e9imhse Sean-Bhabyl\u00f3nach, chumaisc a feidhmeanna agus a tr\u00e9ithe le ch\u00e9ile chun an fhigi\u00far aontaithe Gula a chruth\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Cialla\u00edonn a hainm Gula, in Ac\u00e1dach, \u00aban Ceann M\u00f3r\u00bb. Tugann inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed \u00abazugallu\u00bb, n\u00f3 \u00aban docht\u00fair m\u00f3r\u00bb, air. Is in\u00edon \u00ed le Anu, dia na bhflaitheas, n\u00f3 i dtraidisi\u00fain eile, in\u00edon Enlil. Is \u00e9 a fear c\u00e9ile Ninurta, dia an chogaidh agus na treabhtha, agus t\u00e1 siad ceangailte le ch\u00e9ile mar ch\u00fapla comhl\u00e1ntach: eisean don ghabh\u00e1il choga\u00edochtach, ise don athch\u00f3iri\u00fa leigheasach.<\/p>\n<p>Bh\u00ed a naomhionaid is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed lonnaithe in Isin, cathair i ndeisceart Mheasapot\u00e1im, agus in Nippur, an chathair reiligi\u00fanach l\u00e1rnach. Sa Bhabyl\u00f3in, t\u00f3gadh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh dia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> E-galmah di sa tr\u00e9imhse Sean-Bhabyl\u00f3nach. In Sippar, bh\u00ed s\u00ed i mbaile d\u00fachais san fhigi\u00far Ninkarrak. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an leathadh geografach seo t\u00e1bhacht r\u00e9igi\u00fanach fhorleathan na bandia.<\/p>\n<p>Tagann iomann c\u00e1ili\u00fail ar Gula, an \u00abIomann Bullussa-rabi\u00bb, \u00f3 thr\u00e9imhse mhe\u00e1n-Bhabyl\u00f3nach, agus tugann s\u00e9 l\u00e9iri\u00fa f\u00e9in cuimsitheach ar an bandia. Cuireann s\u00ed s\u00edos uirthi f\u00e9in mar dhocht\u00fair, mar bhanaltra, mar chn\u00e1imhseach agus mar bhreitheamh cothrom san am c\u00e9anna. T\u00e1 t\u00e1bhacht mh\u00f3r ag an iomann seo i stair an reiligi\u00fain, mar go gcuims\u00edonn s\u00e9 feidhmeanna l\u00e1rnacha na bandia i bhfoirm liteartha ardleibh\u00e9il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b2c394 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b2c394\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8207a8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8207a8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Siombail\u00ed agus Air\u00edonna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dde330 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dde330\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00e9 an madra siombail is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed Gula. Ar chlocha teorann Kudurru agus ar fhaoisimh, su\u00edonn madra in aice lena r\u00ed-chathaoir n\u00f3 ag a cosa.<\/p><p>Cheangail an madra, i saoltuiscint Mheasapot\u00e1im \u00e1rsa, an leigheas leis an b\u00e1s: meastar go raibh cumhacht \u00edocshl\u00e1inte i seile an mhadra, rud a chrutha\u00edtear go seand\u00e1la\u00edocht\u00fail tr\u00ed chn\u00e1mha madra\u00ed a fuarthas i naomhionaid agus tr\u00ed th\u00e9acsanna leighis ina nd\u00e9antar formhuil\u00ed tr\u00ed sheile an mhadra. Ag an am c\u00e9anna, bh\u00ed madra\u00ed ina gcomp\u00e1naigh don bandia domhain \u00edochtaraigh agus d&#8217;fh\u00e9adfa\u00ed smaoineamh orthu mar chomp\u00e1naigh na marbh.<\/p>\n<p>Siombail eile is ea an lansa n\u00f3 an tslat leighis. I roinnt \u00edomh\u00e1nna, coinn\u00edonn s\u00ed ionstraim a chuireann uirlis\u00ed m\u00e1inliachta i gcuimhne. Ar lorgacha s\u00e9ala, feictear \u00ed go minic os comhair duine tinn, agus \u00ed ag d\u00edri\u00fa air go leigheasach.<\/p>\n<p>Ar m\u00f3r\u00e1n clocha Kudurru, feictear <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Comhartha a sheasann in ionad smaoineamh n\u00f3 br\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">siombail<\/span> an mhadra ina shu\u00ed in aice le comhartha\u00ed r\u00e9altacha n\u00f3 cosmacha eile. Mar sin, bh\u00ed Gula ina cuid dh\u00edlis den gheografa\u00edocht dhiagacht\u00fail na gclocha teorann.<\/p><p>D&#8217;fhan siombail\u00edocht an mhadra mar an comhartha ceangailteach a rinne \u00ed in-aithne go soil\u00e9ir. Dhearbhaigh fionnachtana seand\u00e1la\u00edochta \u00f3 Isin an t\u00e1bhacht dheasghn\u00e1ch a bh\u00ed ag an madra ina <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Comhthioms\u00fa na ngn\u00edomha\u00edochta\u00ed adhartha reiligi\u00fanacha do dhia n\u00f3 do fhigi\u00far naofa.\" tabindex=\"0\">chult<\/span>, \u00f3ir aims\u00edodh cn\u00e1mha madra\u00ed ann in eagar speisialta.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn faoisimh theampaill Gula uaireanta le r\u00e9alta n\u00f3 gealach leathdh\u00e9anach mar l\u00e9iri\u00fa ar an ngn\u00e9 r\u00e9altach d\u00e1 hadhradh. Bh\u00ed an nasc idir leigheas, r\u00e9alteola\u00edocht agus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Deasghn\u00e1th teanga a bhfuiltear ag s\u00fail le cumhacht a ghlaoch n\u00f3 a cheangal.\" tabindex=\"0\">formhuil<\/span> dl\u00fath i machnamh Mheasapot\u00e1im \u00e1rsa, agus, mar bhandia \u00edocshl\u00e1inte, bh\u00ed Gula i l\u00e1r na feasa r\u00e9alta\u00ed freisin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b1981b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b1981b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ffb7cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ffb7cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cultas agus adhradh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d417134 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d417134\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bh\u00ed pr\u00edomhchultas Ghula in Isin, i ndeisceart Mesopot\u00e1im. Bh\u00ed an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it bheannaithe a bh\u00ed t\u00edolactha do adhradh dia amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">naomhtheampall<\/span> E-gal-mah ina \u00e1it tion\u00f3il do lianna, do chn\u00e1imhseacha agus do othair. Fuarthas l\u00edon m\u00f3r tabhartas beannaithe cr\u00e9adh\u00f3ireachta i bhfoirm codanna coirp bhreoite ann, inchompar\u00e1ide leis na tabhartais votive sna cultas leigheasta i ndeisceart na hIod\u00e1ile.<\/p><p>Tugann siad l\u00e9argas d\u00edreach ar an gcleachtas: th\u00edolaic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duine a dh\u00e9anann taisteal a bhfuil bun\u00fas reiligi\u00fanach leis chuig \u00e1it bheannaithe.\" tabindex=\"0\">oilithreach<\/span> samhlacha s\u00faile, g\u00e9ag n\u00f3 codanna boilg a bh\u00ed breoite di, ag s\u00fail le leigheas.<\/p>\n<p>I Nippur, bh\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a th\u00edolactar d'adhradh dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> ina E-mah, \u00e1it a dtiond\u00e1lfadh cuallacht na lianna.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 focal coitianta Assaireach nua don lia, asu, d\u00edorthaithe \u00f3na feidhm. In Sippar, adhra\u00edodh \u00ed faoin ainm Ninkarrak, agus i mBabylon san E-galmah. I Borsippa, cathair sist\u00e9ir Bhabylon, ionchorpra\u00edodh \u00ed mar bhandia comhluadair Nabu, dia na scr\u00edbhneoireachta.<\/p>\n<p>Bh\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Comhlacht ioml\u00e1n na ngn\u00edomhartha adhartha do dhia n\u00f3 do phearsa bheannaithe.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultas<\/span> tar cinn ag mn\u00e1 agus ag lianna go h\u00e1irithe. Glaonn t\u00e9acsanna asarla\u00edochta \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse Sean-Bhabyl\u00f3nach agus \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse Assaireach nua \u00ed ag breith clainne, i gc\u00e1s fiabhras, i gc\u00e1s cnaipe nathrach agus i gc\u00e1s m\u00edfhoighneamh meabhrach. T\u00e1 t\u00e9acsanna iomad\u00fala i mbaili\u00fach\u00e1in asarla\u00edochta leabharlann r\u00ed Ashurbanipal ina nglaotar Gula i dteannta Marduk, Ea agus Shamash mar dhiaguithe leigheasta.<\/p>\n<p>Bhain an cleachtas asarla\u00edochta ag leaba an othair le c\u00e9imeanna iomad\u00fala go minic. Ar an gc\u00e9ad dul s\u00edos, ghlaodh an asipu, an sagart asarla\u00edochta, ar Gula ar bhealach foirmi\u00fail. Ina dhiaidh sin th\u00e1inig treoracha nithi\u00fala, go minic le measc\u00e1in luibheanna n\u00f3 gn\u00edomhartha deasghn\u00e1tha ar n\u00f3s \u00e9 a scr\u00edobadh le sn\u00e1thaid olla, a dh\u00f3ghta\u00ed ansin chun an galar a scriosadh siombalach.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 an cleachtas seo, go minic i dteannta an mhadra mar ainmh\u00ed deasghn\u00e1tha, doicim\u00e9adaithe i gc\u00e9adta t\u00e1ibl\u00e9ad cr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Sa tr\u00e9imhse Assaireach nua, mh\u00e9adaigh adhradh st\u00e1it Ghula. Chuir Ashurbanipal a t\u00e9acsanna \u00e1 gc\u00f3ipe\u00e1il agus \u00e1 gcur ina leabharlann. Th\u00edolaic mn\u00e1 r\u00edoga freisin tabhartais bheannaithe pearsanta di, rud a threis\u00edonn an nasc idir an bandia agus breith clainne agus m\u00e1ithreachas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0450dcc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0450dcc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66dcc1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66dcc1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Miotais Th\u00e1bhachtacha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0da6404 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0da6404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00ed bh\u00edonn Gula chomh feice\u00e1lach sna t\u00e9acsanna sc\u00e9ala\u00edochta agus Inanna n\u00f3 Marduk. Is \u00e9 an t\u00e9acs is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed a bhaineann l\u00e9i \u00abHiomann Bullussa-rabi\u00bb, m\u00f3rl\u00e9iri\u00fa f\u00e9in an bandia i 200 l\u00edne.<\/p><p>Tugann s\u00ed uirthi f\u00e9in inti seo in\u00edon Anu, c\u00e9ile Ninurta, lia na nd\u00e9ithe m\u00f3ra, cn\u00e1imhseach na n\u00e1isi\u00fan agus cosant\u00f3ir c\u00f3ir na lag. T\u00e1 an hiomann suntasach \u00f3 thaobh stair na reiligi\u00fain de, mar go dtugann s\u00ed chun cr\u00edche an comhdhl\u00fath\u00fa diagachta a rinneadh ar na band\u00e9ithe leigheasta iomad\u00fala faoi ainm Gula.<\/p>\n<p>Sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, faoi bhun\u00fas na cruinne agus faoi ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">mhiotas<\/span> Anzu, n\u00ed l\u00e9ir\u00edtear Gula go d\u00edreach, ach i leaganacha n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed luaitear \u00ed in \u00e9ineacht le Ninurta tar \u00e9is a bhua, agus glacann s\u00ed p\u00e1irt sa bhf\u00e9asta bua. Nascann an bhaint seo \u00ed leis an eipic chosmach laochra agus tugann s\u00ed nasc sc\u00e9ala\u00edochta di leis an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, faoi bhun\u00fas na cruinne agus faoi ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">mhiotas<\/span> Anzu.<\/p>\n<p>Ins\u00edonn sc\u00e9al beag faoi mhadra Ghula a d&#8217;\u00e9irigh tinn l\u00e1 amh\u00e1in. B&#8217;\u00e9igean don bandia f\u00e9in cabhr\u00fa leis, agus d&#8217;\u00fas\u00e1id s\u00ed roinnt de na luibheanna leigheasta a bh\u00ed aici.<\/p><p>Deirtear gur fh\u00e1s a cumas leigheasta \u00f3n bpian sin, mar a bh\u00ed an fulaingt sofheicthe di ar dt\u00fas ar a hainmh\u00ed f\u00e9in. Tugann an sc\u00e9al seo, at\u00e1 caomhnaithe i roinnt bl\u00fair\u00ed, carachtar comhbh\u00e1ch don bandia, rud a idirdheala\u00edonn \u00ed \u00f3 dh\u00e9ithe at\u00e1 bunaithe go hioml\u00e1n ar phion\u00f3s dl\u00edthi\u00fail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f96a216 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f96a216\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8fdd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc8fdd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caidrimh sa Phaintheon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b98975f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b98975f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00e1 Gula p\u00f3sta le Ninurta, a bhfuil dia cogaidh agus treabhd\u00f3ireachta ann. Crutha\u00edonn an d\u00eds seo p\u00e9ire comhl\u00e1ntach, ina bhfuil an suaitheadh cog\u00fail agus an athch\u00f3iri\u00fa leigheasta fite fuaite le ch\u00e9ile. Le Damu, dia leigheasta n\u00edos \u00f3ige agus a mac, t\u00e1 dl\u00fathchaidreamh teaghlaigh aici. L\u00e9ir\u00edtear Damu go minic mar chomharba Ghula san fheidhm leigheasta.<\/p>\n<p>Le Ninisina, Bau agus Ninkarrak, t\u00e1 s\u00ed comhle\u00e1ite go cult\u00fartha, rud a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn an pr\u00f3iseas comhdhl\u00fathaithe diagachta a tharla sa tr\u00e9imhse Sean-Bhabyl\u00f3nach. Le Marduk, pr\u00edomhdhia impireacht Bhabylon, t\u00e1 caidreamh comhoibrithe cultasach aici: sna asarla\u00edochta\u00ed leighis, glaotar orthu araon go minic i dteannta a ch\u00e9ile, mar go raibh r\u00f3l l\u00e1rnach ag m\u00e9ad\u00fa i gc\u00f3na\u00ed ag Marduk i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc eola\u00edoch faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">diagacht<\/span> na Bhabyl\u00f3ine, agus go raibh forlu\u00ed idir a fheidhmeanna leigheasta agus feidhmeanna Ghula.<\/p>\n<p>Sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Comhlacht ioml\u00e1n na d\u00e9ithe i reiligi\u00fan n\u00f3 i gcult\u00far amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">phaint\u00e9on<\/span> n\u00edos leithne, t\u00e1 caidrimh ag Gula le Shamash, dia na gr\u00e9ine agus dia an dl\u00ed, agus le Ea, dia na cr\u00edonnachta. T\u00e1 an nasc le Ea go h\u00e1irithe dl\u00fath, mar go meastar gur m\u00fainteoir cosmach na heala\u00edne leigheasta \u00e9, agus go bhfeidhm\u00edonn Gula mar a comhph\u00e1irt\u00ed talmha\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Sa liosta diagachta An, cuirtear Gula ar aon ch\u00e9im le Ninkarrak, bandia leigheasta Akkad, a luaitear sna foirml\u00ed mallachta ar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Leac chloiche n\u00f3 adhmaid, ina seasamh go d\u00edreach, le inscr\u00edbhinn n\u00f3 le picti\u00fair.\" tabindex=\"0\">steile<\/span> Hammurabi mar an spriocdhia le haghaidh pion\u00f3is liachta.<\/p><p>Is \u00e9 Pabilsag a c\u00e9ile, dia cogaidh agus leigheasta, a shainaithn\u00edtear le r\u00e9altbhu\u00edon an tSaighdi\u00fara i r\u00e9alteola\u00edocht d\u00e9anach na Bhabyl\u00f3ine. Is coinbhinsi\u00fan tipici\u00fail de chuid Mesopot\u00e1ime \u00e9 an nasc seo idir bandia leigheasta agus laoch cogaidh, ina bhfuil cosaint agus ionsaitheacht comhcheangailte sa ph\u00e9ire diagachta c\u00e9anna.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1s speisialta suntasach is ea sainaithint Gula-Ishtar i roinnt hiomann d\u00e9anach den Bhabyl\u00f3in, a lorga\u00edonn an d\u00e1 bhandia a thuiscint mar ghn\u00e9ithe de chumhacht bhaininscneach amh\u00e1in. T\u00e1 an chomhle\u00e1 seo faoi chonsp\u00f3id agus meastar gur c\u00e1s speisialta \u00e9 den speicl\u00e9ireacht diagachta dh\u00e9anach, a raibh s\u00e9 mar aidhm aici, faoi thionchar an mhonalatra\u00edochta ag dul i m\u00e9id a bhain le Marduk, na pr\u00edomh-band\u00e9ithe baineanna a aont\u00fa freisin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cc258e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cc258e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f15cc1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f15cc1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u00e9irthuiscint agus Tionchar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa97ec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa97ec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Th\u00e1inig deireadh le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1n na ngn\u00edomhartha adhartha reiligi\u00fana\u00ed do dhia n\u00f3 do fhigi\u00far naofa.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> Gula le meath na sibhialtachta babylona\u00ed sa tr\u00e9imhse Seleuceach. Ach leanadh de na t\u00e9acsanna leigheasta a ch\u00f3ipe\u00e1il agus a chaomhn\u00fa i leabharlanna an domhain heill\u00e9anaigh. Nocht staid\u00e9ir shumra\u00edocha an 19\u00fa agus an 20\u00fa haois \u00ed mar phr\u00edomhfhigi\u00far i stair leighis Mheasapat\u00e1ime.<\/p>\n<p>I stair nua-aimseartha an leighis, tugtar aitheantas do Gula mar bhandia coimirce is luaithe at\u00e1 doicim\u00e9adaithe don eala\u00edn leighis. T\u00e1 na faoisimh \u00f3 Isin l\u00e9irithe i m\u00f3r\u00e1n t\u00e9acsleabhar staire an leighis. I stair reiligi\u00fanach an mhadra, nochtann s\u00ed mar fhigi\u00far t\u00e1bhachtach a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn d\u00fabailteacht r\u00f3l an mhadra mar chomp\u00e1nach leighis agus mar chomp\u00e1nach na marbh.<\/p>\n<p>Sa chult\u00far coitianta an lae inniu is annamh a fheictear Gula, ach i dt\u00e9acsanna faoi leigheas na sean-Oirthir agus i staid\u00e9ir ar stair na cn\u00e1imhseachais is figi\u00far tagartha l\u00e1rnach \u00ed. Pl\u00e9itear an nasc idir a siombalachas madra agus d\u00e9ithe leighis n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed a bhfuil madra ag baint leo (Ascl\u00e9pias mar shampla, le nathair agus madra sa domhan Gr\u00e9agach) i r\u00e9imse na reiligi\u00faneola\u00edochta compar\u00e1id\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>I Measapat\u00e1im heill\u00e9anach aithn\u00edodh Gula le Heiceite, bandia Gr\u00e9agach na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cleachtais a bh\u00edonn ag iarraidh cur isteach ar ch\u00farsa na n-imeachta\u00ed tr\u00ed ghn\u00edomhartha n\u00f3 foirml\u00ed faoi leith.\" tabindex=\"0\">dra\u00edochta<\/span> agus na madra\u00ed. T\u00e1 an t-aithint seo doicim\u00e9adaithe go heipeagrafach in inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed \u00f3 thr\u00e9imhse na Seleuceach \u00f3 Uruk, go h\u00e1irithe ar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Leac chloiche n\u00f3 adhmaid ina sheasamh, le inscr\u00edbhinn n\u00f3 le picti\u00far air.\" tabindex=\"0\">steil<\/span> dh\u00e1theangach \u00f3n 3\u00fa haois R.Ch. Is \u00ed an chos\u00falacht atri\u00fab\u00fan an mhadra agus an r\u00f3l leighis at\u00e1 gn\u00edomhach san o\u00edche.<\/p><p>L\u00e9irigh Walter Burkert i \u00abBabylon, Memphis, Persepolis\u00bb an l\u00edne staire reiligi\u00fana\u00ed \u00f3 Gula tr\u00ed Heiceite go Diana n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>I stair an leighis, meastar Gula mar an bandia leighis is luaithe at\u00e1 ainmnithe go sonrach agus a chosna\u00edonn gairm d\u00e1 cuid f\u00e9in. T\u00e1 a adhradh mar fhr\u00e9amh don choimpl\u00e9asc Ascl\u00e9pias-Hippocrates n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed, rud a l\u00e9irigh Vivian Nutton go mion in \u00abAncient Medicine\u00bb (2004).<\/span><\/p><p>Feiceann taighde staire leighis an lae inniu traidisi\u00fan Gula mar eilimint th\u00e1bhachtach i r\u00e9amhstair na heala\u00edne leighis Gr\u00e9aga\u00ed, le rianta soil\u00e9ire i bhfaraiceola\u00edocht agus i ndiagn\u00f3isic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94697bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"94697bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e259579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e259579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rang\u00fa L\u00e9ann na Reiligi\u00fan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7c31b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7c31b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cuireann Thorkild Jacobsen Gula i l\u00e1r na m\u00f3rdh\u00e9ithe coimirce mn\u00e1, dar d\u00edr\u00edodh a bhfeidhm sa tr\u00e9imhse sean-babylonach ar leigheas agus ar bhreith. Feiceann s\u00e9 ina cumasc le Ninisina pr\u00f3iseas comhdhl\u00fathaithe tipici\u00fail, ina dt\u00e1inig il-bhand\u00e9ithe cathrach le ch\u00e9ile ina bhfigi\u00far amh\u00e1in a bh\u00ed bail\u00ed ar fud na r\u00edochta.<\/p>\n<p>Leagann Jean Bott\u00e9ro b\u00e9im ar fheidhm sh\u00f3isialta a chulta. Bh\u00ed Gula ina coimirceoir ar ghr\u00fapa gairmi\u00fail ioml\u00e1n, na asu agus na asipu, is \u00e9 sin na speisialt\u00f3ir\u00ed leighis-deasghn\u00e1tha. Bh\u00ed nasc an ghr\u00fapa ghairmi\u00fail seo leis an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh dia n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> ina eilimint strucht\u00farach th\u00e1bhachtach de shocha\u00ed \u00e1rsa Mheasapat\u00e1ime.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9irigh Stefan Maul ina staid\u00e9ir ar an bhf\u00e1isteachas agus ar an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cleachtais a bh\u00edonn ag iarraidh cur isteach ar ch\u00farsa na n-imeachta\u00ed tr\u00ed ghn\u00edomhartha n\u00f3 foirml\u00ed faoi leith.\" tabindex=\"0\">dra\u00edocht<\/span> an nasc dl\u00fath idir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1n na ngn\u00edomhartha adhartha reiligi\u00fana\u00ed do dhia n\u00f3 do fhigi\u00far naofa.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> Gula agus cleachtas na hortha. Rinne Walther Sallaberger agus Andrew George athchruth\u00fa seand\u00e1la\u00edochta agus t\u00e9acs\u00fail ar chult an teampaill in Isin agus i Nippur.<\/p><p>Rinne Wilfred Lambert eagarth\u00f3ireacht chritici\u00fail agus tr\u00e1chtaireacht ar \u00abHymn Bullussa-rabi\u00bb. Feiceann an taighde i Gula ceann de na eochracha is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed chun tuiscint a bhaint ar leigheas agus ar reiligi\u00fan \u00e1rsa Mheasapat\u00e1ime.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e4ff51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e4ff51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c92749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c92749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iomann Gula \u00f3 Bullussa-rabi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c65e523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c65e523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00e9 an t\u00e9acs liteartha is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed faoin bandia an t-iomann m\u00f3r Gula \u00f3 Bullussa-rabi, scr\u00edobha\u00ed at\u00e1 ainmnithe agus a mhair sa tr\u00e9imhse l\u00e1r-babylonach, is d\u00f3cha sa 12\u00fa haois R.Ch. T\u00e1 an t\u00e9acs, at\u00e1 200 l\u00edne ar fad, tagtha anuas d\u00fainn in ilch\u00f3ipeanna, agus is iad na t\u00e1ibl\u00e9id is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed \u00f3 leabharlanna Assur, Nineve agus Babylon.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Rinneadh an t-iomann a eagarth\u00f3ireacht den ch\u00e9ad uair i 1967 ag Wilfred G. Lambert in Orientalia 36, le tr\u00e1chtaireacht chuimsitheach agus aistri\u00fach\u00e1n. Scr\u00edobhadh an t\u00e9acs i st\u00edl f\u00e9inmha\u00edomh, ina labhra\u00edonn Gula sa ch\u00e9ad phearsa faoina tr\u00e9ithe, cumhachta\u00ed agus feidhmeanna leighis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Cuireann Bullussa-rabi an bandia i l\u00e1thair i liosta ilchine\u00e1lach d\u00e1 hainmneacha agus a feidhmeanna. Is \u00ed Belet-ili \u00ed, banr\u00edon na nd\u00e9ithe, Nintinugga, Bauu agus Ninisinna, a n-adhradh i gcathracha \u00e9ags\u00fala i Sumar.<\/p><p>Is sampla \u00e9 an ch\u00f3nascadh seo de bhand\u00e9ithe r\u00e9igi\u00fanda faoi ainm ceannasach amh\u00e1in den <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc eola\u00edoch faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">diagacht<\/span> shinctisi\u00fail Measapat\u00e1im, ina raibh cultanna \u00e1iti\u00fala comhth\u00e1ite faoi ainm pr\u00edomha. T\u00e1 an t-iomann t\u00e1bhachtach go h\u00e1irithe i stair na reiligi\u00fain mar go dtugann s\u00e9 tuairisc ar an chomhth\u00e1th\u00fa diagacht\u00fail a rinneadh ar mh\u00f3r\u00e1n band\u00e9ithe leighis i bhfigi\u00far Gula amh\u00e1in.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d3 thaobh \u00e1bhair, d\u00e9anann an t-iomann cur s\u00edos ar Gula mar dhocht\u00fair. Is \u00ed \u00aban docht\u00fair m\u00f3r a chuireann gairdeas in ionad an chaointe\u00bb, \u00absocra\u00edonn s\u00ed an chr\u00e9acht tr\u00edna ceangal\u00bb, \u00abtugann s\u00ed an marbh ar ais chun na beatha\u00bb.<\/p><p>Is casadh hipearb\u00f3ileach \u00ed an ceann deireanach seo, ach l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00ed m\u00e9id an chumhachta leighis a chuirtear ina leith. \u00c1it ar leith is \u00ed an liosta de lusanna leighis, nach bhfuil a n-aithint bhotanach chruinn \u00e9asca don taighde nua-aimseartha. Rinne Stefan Maul tr\u00e1chtaireacht ar an pharmacopoeia seo ina staid\u00e9ir ar eala\u00edn leighis na Babl\u00f3ine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeaf646 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aeaf646\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70447b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70447b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isin agus Seand\u00e1la\u00edocht an Teampaill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-701828f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"701828f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ba \u00e9 Isin, cathair ar bhruach \u00edochtarach an Euphrates, an l\u00e1rionad ceannais den chultas Gula, agus tugadh E-gal-mah, \u00aban p\u00e1l\u00e1s m\u00f3r uasal\u00bb, ar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun \u00f3m\u00f3s a thabhairt do dhia n\u00f3 do dh\u00e9ithe.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> na bandia ann.<\/p><p>Bh\u00ed r\u00e9 \u00f3rga na cathrach sa 20\u00fa agus sa 19\u00fa haois R.Ch. faoi dhinaist\u00ed Isin, agus thug r\u00edthe an dinaist\u00ed orthu f\u00e9in \u00ab\u00d3 Theach Ninisinna\u00bb (.i. Gula) mar theideal roghnaithe. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed t\u00f3g\u00e1la Lipit-Ishtar agus Enlil-bani bronntanais fhairsinge, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear athch\u00f3iri\u00fa teampaill, coisreacan dealbh agus feisti\u00fa seomra\u00ed leighis.<\/p>\n<p>Nocht an tochailt Ghearm\u00e1nach ag Isin, faoi sti\u00fair Barthel Hrouda idir 1973 agus 1989, an E-gal-mah go m\u00f3r m\u00f3r. Fuarthas tobar i gc\u00fairt an teampaill inar caitheadh figi\u00fair\u00ed madra\u00ed mar ofr\u00e1lacha tabhartais tar \u00e9is leighis.<\/p><p>Aimsigh na tochalt\u00f3ir\u00ed c\u00e9ad go leor madra\u00ed cr\u00e9chr\u00e9 a leagadh san uisce tr\u00ed na c\u00e9adta bliain. Deimhn\u00edonn an cine\u00e1l seachthobhach neamhchoitianta an tsiombalachas madra at\u00e1 luaite san iomann, agus tugann s\u00ed l\u00e9argas ar chreideamh coitianta na ndaoine a bh\u00ed ag lorg leighis.<\/p>\n<p>Bh\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it bheannaithe a bh\u00ed tiomnaithe do \u00f3m\u00f3s a thabhairt do dhia.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanct\u00f3ir<\/span> m\u00f3r eile ag Nippur agus tr\u00ed\u00fa ceann ag Babl\u00f3in, \u00e1it ar th\u00e1inig Gula chun bheith ina bandia leighis l\u00e1rnach sa diagacht st\u00e1it sa tr\u00e9imhse Bhabal\u00f3nach dheireanach. Luann inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed teampaill Nebuchadnezzar II \u00ed mar an bronnt\u00f3ir a bh\u00ed freagrach as biseach an r\u00ed tar \u00e9is tinnis throim.<\/p><p>I gcathair A\u0161\u0161ur na hAsa\u00edre bh\u00ed E-gal-mah eile ann freisin, a rinne Sennacherib agus Ashurbanipal a athch\u00f3iri\u00fa. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an l\u00e1ithreacht thrasr\u00e9igi\u00fanach seo gur duine de na d\u00e9ithe m\u00f3ra uilechoitcheanta Mesopotamacha \u00ed Gula, inchompar\u00e1ide ina tionchar le Ishtar n\u00f3 Marduk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bee2eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bee2eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f24822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f24822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An madra mar shiombail agus an cleachtas tabhartais<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83d8f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83d8f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00e9 an madra an tsiombail is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed a bhaineann le Gula, rud at\u00e1 uath\u00fail i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1n d\u00e9ithe reiligi\u00fain n\u00f3 cult\u00fair.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> Mesopotamia. B\u00edonn tairbh, leoin n\u00f3 dragain ag d\u00e9ithe eile, ach n\u00ed ag aon dia eile ach ag Gula amh\u00e1in at\u00e1 an madra mar chomp\u00e1nach ainmh\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ar an chuid is m\u00f3 de na faoisimh Kudurru \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse Bhabal\u00f3nach l\u00e1r, go h\u00e1irithe ar an Kudurru de Meli-Shipak (12\u00fa haois R.Ch.), l\u00e9ir\u00edtear \u00ed ina su\u00ed ar a r\u00edchathaoir le madra ina shu\u00ed ag a cosa. T\u00e1 an traidisi\u00fan \u00edomh\u00e1ineachais seo fianaithe freisin ar na br\u00edc\u00ed gl\u00f3nraithe de chuid Nebuchadnezzar II ag Babl\u00f3in.<\/p>\n<p>Go stairi\u00fail, t\u00e1 an tsiombalachas madra ilghn\u00e9itheach. I Mesopotamia, meastar go bhfuil madra\u00ed neamhghlan agus scanr\u00fail ar thaobh amh\u00e1in, ach ar an taobh eile is garda\u00ed t\u00e1irseacha iad. Sa leigheas, is d\u00f3cha gurb \u00e9 an madra an ainmh\u00ed leighis gn\u00f3stach, agus meastar gur seile agus l\u00ed cr\u00e9achta a bh\u00ed ina cabhair chneasaithe sa mh\u00edochaine choitianta.<\/p><p>Sa staid\u00e9ar a rinne s\u00ed ar an reiligi\u00fan Bhabal\u00f3nach, thug Beate Pongratz-Leisten aird ar an d\u00e9bhr\u00edocht a bhaineann leis an mhadra, a meastar a bheith glan agus neamhghlan ag an am c\u00e9anna. Rinne Karen Radner freisin, i sraith aist\u00ed, scr\u00fad\u00fa ar an idirghn\u00edomha\u00edocht idir r\u00edot\u00faal leighis agus \u00f3m\u00f3s don mhadra.<\/p>\n<p>Chuimsigh an cleachtas tabhartais, chomh maith leis na madra\u00ed cr\u00e9chr\u00e9, samhaltacha de bhaill choirp thinn. Sna tochailt\u00ed teampaill fuarthas at\u00e1irgeacha cr\u00e9chr\u00e9 de l\u00e1mha, cosa, s\u00faile agus baill gini\u00fana, a bhronnadh othair mar bhronntanais achain\u00ed.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 cos\u00falachta\u00ed d\u00edreacha idir an cleachtas seo agus teampail n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed de chuid Asclepius sa tSean-Ghr\u00e9ig, go h\u00e1irithe ag Epidaurus, \u00e1it ar f\u00e1gadh baill cr\u00e9chr\u00e9 ag daoine a bh\u00ed leigheasta. Pl\u00e9adh lean\u00fanachas d\u00edreach i stair na reiligi\u00fain, ach n\u00edl s\u00e9 cinnte curtha in i\u00fal go f\u00f3ill.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7fc9ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7fc9ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-191afcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"191afcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Foins\u00ed agus l\u00e9itheoireacht bhreisi\u00fail<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2819763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2819763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Foins\u00ed \u00f3n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"R\u00e9 na cult\u00fartha Gr\u00e9agach agus R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach, \u00f3 thart ar 800 R.Ch. go 600 A.D.\" tabindex=\"0\">seantsaol clasaiceach<\/span>: \u00abIomann Bullussa-rabi\u00bb ar Gula, t\u00e9acsanna m\u00edochaine agus asarla\u00edochta \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse Sean-Bhabal\u00f3nach agus \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse Nua-Asa\u00edreach, inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed \u00f3 Isin, Nippur agus Sippar, iomainn do Ninisina agus Ninkarrak, an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, bun\u00fas na cruinne agus ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">miotas<\/span> Anzu sna leaganacha n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Jean Bott\u00e9ro, \u00abMesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods\u00bb, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Markham Geller, \u00abAncient Babylonian Medicine\u00bb, Oxford 2010.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Saothair chaighde\u00e1nacha eile sa <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/litriocht\/\">Liosta Tagartha<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3251,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gula","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gula \u2013 Bandia \u00cdocshl\u00e1inte Bhabyl\u00f3nach agus M\u00e1istre\u00e1s na Madra\u00ed | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Is \u00ed Gula bandia Bhabyl\u00f3nach na \u00edocshl\u00e1inte, an leigheasra agus an athbheochana. Is \u00e9 an madra a hainmh\u00ed. Miotas, siombail\u00ed agus teampall Esabad.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-188613","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gula \u2013 Bandia \u00cdocshl\u00e1inte Bhabyl\u00f3nach agus M\u00e1istre\u00e1s na Madra\u00ed | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is \u00ed Gula bandia Bhabyl\u00f3nach na \u00edocshl\u00e1inte, an leigheasra agus an athbheochana. Is \u00e9 an madra a hainmh\u00ed. 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