{"id":188588,"date":"2026-09-07T03:36:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=188588"},"modified":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","slug":"khnum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/khnum\/","title":{"rendered":"Khnum"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"188588\" class=\"elementor elementor-188588 elementor-2995 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87a6c88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87a6c88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30520f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"30520f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd9c15b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd9c15b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83334eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"83334eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Khnum, dia cruthaitheach \u00c9igipteach le ceann reithe<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7dd867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7dd867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is dia cruthaitheach \u00c9igipteach \u00e9 Khnum, le ceann reithe, a mh\u00fanla\u00edonn daoine agus a bhr\u00ed bheatha ar a roth potaireachta. T\u00e1 Khnum ar cheann de na d\u00e9ithe is sine san \u00c9igipt agus glacann s\u00e9, sa traidisi\u00fan diagachta, seasamh mar chruthaitheoir le ceann reithe.<\/p><p>Tagann a ainm \u00abKhnum\u00bb (Khenmu freisin, n\u00f3 Chnoubis ag na Gr\u00e9agaigh) \u00f3n bhriathar \u00abkhnem\u00bb (\u00abceangal, aont\u00fa\u00bb) agus tugann s\u00e9 le fios a fheidhm mar chruthaitheoir a cheangla\u00edonn baill an d\u00faile a bh\u00edonn ag teacht chun cinn ar an roth potaireachta.<\/p><p>Is \u00e9 Khnum an dia potaireachta sa chiall bheacht: n\u00ed hamh\u00e1in go m\u00fanla\u00edonn s\u00e9 coirp dhaonna ar an roth ach m\u00fanla\u00edonn s\u00e9 freisin an \u00abKa\u00bb, an tabhart\u00f3ir beatha dofheicthe a fh\u00e1ilt\u00edonn gach d\u00fail roimh a breith.<\/p><p>Is \u00e9 a phr\u00edomh\u00e1it adhartha Elephantine in aice le Assuan, \u00e1it a riala\u00edonn s\u00e9 ard\u00fa tuile na N\u00edle; sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it bheannaithe a chuirtear ar leataobh chun \u00f3m\u00f3s a thabhairt do dhia.\" tabindex=\"0\">shanct\u00f3ir<\/span> \u00f3 Thr\u00e9imhse Dh\u00e9anach in Esna glacann s\u00e9 seasamh cosmag\u00f3nach l\u00e1rnach mar chruthaitheoir f\u00e9in-mharthanach gach d\u00faile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc35793 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fc35793\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5cbc82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d5cbc82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dia \/ Bandia: Cumhacht uachtarach phearsanaithe i bpanteon cult\u00fair, le freagrachta\u00ed soil\u00e9ire \u2014 f\u00f3rsa\u00ed n\u00e1d\u00fartha, cinni\u00faint, cogadh, torth\u00falacht. \u00d3m\u00f3s a thabhairt d\u00f3 tr\u00ed chultas, \u00edobairt\u00ed agus institi\u00faid\u00ed teampaill.\">Dia<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/an-eigipt\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Miteola\u00edocht Ghleann na N\u00edle \u00e1rsa, \u00f3 thart ar 3000 R.Ch. go 30 R.Ch.\">An \u00c9igipt<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ec3057 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ec3057\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-353aee3 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"353aee3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;N\\u00edor aims\\u00edodh aon cheannteideal ar an leathanach 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCl\u00e1r \u00c1bhair\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__353aee3\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__353aee3\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20450c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20450c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30b145a iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"30b145a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_khnum-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-190281\" alt=\"Khnum - D\u00e9ithe \u00f3n traidisi\u00fan \u00c9igipteach, stili\u00fail stairi\u00fail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_khnum-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_khnum-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_khnum-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_khnum.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5523e7 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f5523e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4aa68e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b4aa68e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a15f65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a15f65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Miotas agus Ginealach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86afd84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86afd84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00e1 Khnum ar cheann de na d\u00e9ithe is sine san \u00c9igipt. T\u00e1 fianaise ar a adhradh \u00f3 aimsir na R\u00edochta \u00c1rsa; ar phail\u00e9ad Narmer (timpeall 3100 roimh \u00e1r linn f\u00e9in) is f\u00e9idir go raibh ceann reithe le f\u00e1il cheana f\u00e9in, ar f\u00e9idir \u00e9 a chur i leith Khnum.<\/p><p>Sna T\u00e9acsanna Pirimide, feictear Khnum mar an bpotaire a \u00abmh\u00fanla\u00edonn\u00bb an r\u00ed marbh agus a chuireann a bhaill ann (Sliocht 522). L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an tagairt luath seo go raibh an nasc idir Khnum agus cruth\u00fa choirp an duine forbartha go maith sa tr\u00e9imhse luath f\u00e9in.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00edonn bandia dhifri\u00fail mar ch\u00e9ile ag Khnum ag brath ar an chultas \u00e1iti\u00fail. In Elephantine crutha\u00edonn s\u00e9 tr\u00edad le Satet (bandia na boghad\u00f3ireachta) agus Anuket (bandia na gasaile); is iad Satet agus Anuket na tuilte pearsantaithe a scaoileann uisce na N\u00edle \u00f3n chataracht ch\u00e9ad.<\/p><p>In Esna is \u00ed Neith n\u00f3 Menhit, an bandia catha le ceann leomhain, c\u00e9ile Khnum; leis si\u00fad g\u00e9ineadann s\u00e9 an mac Heka, pearsant\u00fa na cumhachta dra\u00edochta. In Antinoe is \u00ed Heqet, an bandia geanmha\u00ed le ceann froig, a mheastar a bheith mar ch\u00e9ile Khnum, agus l\u00e9i sin a chomhl\u00edon s\u00e9 an gn\u00edomh cruthaithe.<\/p>\n<p>Bh\u00ed ceithre ghn\u00e9 dhiagachta ag Khnum a saothra\u00edodh go c\u00f3rasach sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e9ann eola\u00edoch faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">dhiagacht<\/span> \u00f3 Thr\u00e9imhse Dh\u00e9anach in Esna. Bh\u00ed s\u00e9 mar Khnum-Re (d\u00fail ghr\u00e9ine), Khnum-Schu (d\u00fail aeir), Khnum-Geb (d\u00fail tal\u00fan) agus Khnum-Osiris (d\u00fail an duibheag\u00e1in).<\/p><p>Is ceithre l\u00e9iri\u00fa den Khnum c\u00e9anna iad na ceithre ghn\u00e9 seo, a bh\u00edonn ag feidhmi\u00fa i rith an lae agus i gceithre chuid an domhain, n\u00ed ceithre dhia dhifri\u00fala iad. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a bhaineann le adhradh dia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Esna an cheathair\u00edocht seo ar bhalla\u00ed a halla iolarchoilme mar bhunchl\u00e1r diagachta na cathrach.<\/p>\n<p>Is \u00e9 Heka mac Khnum in Esna, agus in Elephantine, in ionad na mac colainne, is iad na fo-dh\u00e9ithe an ts\u00e9ip\u00e9il a bhaineann le Satet agus Anuket. Sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e9ann eola\u00edoch faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">dhiagacht<\/span> \u00f3 Thr\u00e9imhse Dh\u00e9anach, feictear Khnum freisin mar athair an r\u00ed: m\u00fanla\u00edonn s\u00e9 ar an roth potaireachta corp daonna an r\u00ed agus, ag an am c\u00e9anna, a \u00abKa\u00bb, an tabhart\u00f3ir beatha diaga.<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edtear an pr\u00f3iseas seo go m\u00f3rthaibhseach i faoiseamh ar bhalla\u00ed teampaill mortuartha Hatshepsut i Deir el-Bahari agus i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a bhaineann le adhradh dia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">theampall<\/span> Amenhotep III in Luxor: Khnum ar an roth, os comhair na banr\u00edona, a mh\u00fanla\u00edonn aghaidh an r\u00ed at\u00e1thar a chruth\u00fa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d81d02a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d81d02a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e49182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e49182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comhartha\u00ed, \u00cdosl\u00f3grafa\u00edocht agus Air\u00edonna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4b6d4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4b6d4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De ghn\u00e1th l\u00e9ir\u00edtear Khnum mar fhear le ceann reithe. Is \u00ed an reithe an reithe olannach de chine\u00e1l N\u00faibiach \u00abovis longipes\u00bb, a bhfuil adharca fada casta aige a sh\u00edneann amach go cothrom\u00e1nach. Idirdheala\u00edonn an fhoirm seo Khnum \u00f3 Amun, a bhfuil an reithe le adharca ag dul faoi (ovis platyura) aige.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 idirdheal\u00fa na bhfoirmeacha reithe suntasach \u00f3 thaobh na staire reiligi\u00fanda, mar l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00e9 go bhfuil Khnum ceangailte leis an chine\u00e1l caora ba shine, \u00f3 dh\u00fachas Nubiach \u00f3 dheas, agus go bhfuil Amun aitheanta leis an reithe adharcach eile a bh\u00ed ann n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ar a cheann caitheann Khnum go minic an chor\u00f3in Atef, agus uaireanta an chor\u00f3in chleite ard leis an diosca gr\u00e9ine, rud a chomhartha\u00edonn a thoise cosmach. I dt\u00e9acsanna Esna feictear \u00e9 freisin le ceithre cheann reithe de na ceithre ghn\u00e9 ag an am c\u00e9anna; t\u00e1 an l\u00e9iri\u00fa ceithre-cheannach seo doicim\u00e9adaithe sa sanct\u00f3ir \u00f3 Thr\u00e9imhse Dh\u00e9anach agus is speisialtacht diagachta \u00e9.<\/p><p>Is \u00ed an roth potaireachta an t-air\u00ed is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed at\u00e1 aige, agus air a mh\u00fanla\u00edtear na d\u00faile at\u00e1 ag teacht chun cinn. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn faoisimh in Esna, Luxor agus Deir el-Bahari Khnum ag an roth, ag m\u00fanl\u00fa duine beag (n\u00f3 an \u00abKa\u00bb den leanbh at\u00e1thar a chruth\u00fa); os a chomhair t\u00e1 an t\u00e1irge cr\u00edochnaithe, is minic ina bheith ina dh\u00e9fhigi\u00far (duine agus Ka).<\/p>\n<p>Is \u00ed an reithe a ainmh\u00ed naofa, a coinn\u00edodh sna teampaill agus a scagadh tar \u00e9is a bh\u00e1is. In Elephantine fuarthas roilig reithe ina raibh c\u00e9adta ainmhithe scagtha adhlactha. Ar shu\u00edomh an teampaill \u00f3 Thr\u00e9imhse Dh\u00e9anach t\u00f3gadh st\u00e1bla\u00ed reithe ar leith, ina gcuir sagairt speisialta c\u00faram ar na hainmhithe naofa.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1 fianaise ar dhealbh\u00f3ireacht Khnum \u00f3n R\u00edocht L\u00e1rnach ar aghaidh. \u00d3n R\u00edocht Nua t\u00e1 dealbh th\u00e1bhachtach de Amenhotep III le nasc Khnum, at\u00e1 ar coime\u00e1d in Iarsmalann Luxor.<\/p><p>\u00d3n Tr\u00e9imhse Dh\u00e9anach t\u00e1 go leor dealbh cr\u00e9-umha beag f\u00e1gtha. Ar bhalla\u00ed theampall Esna (den chuid is m\u00f3 \u00f3 r\u00e9 na himpireachta R\u00f3mh\u00e1na\u00ed) l\u00e9ir\u00edtear Khnum ar\u00eds agus ar\u00eds eile i bhfoirm ioml\u00e1n fhigi\u00fartha, le sonra\u00ed mionsonraithe ar an olann rollach reithe agus na adharca casta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bec7d1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bec7d1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6109c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f6109c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cultas agus adhradh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-135a6e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"135a6e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00e9 an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Comhioml\u00e1n na ngn\u00edomhartha adhartha reiligi\u00fanach do dhia n\u00f3 do fhigi\u00far naofa.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> Khnum is sine agus is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed n\u00e1 an ceann ar Elephantine, an t-oile\u00e1n is faide \u00f3 dheas i ngleann N\u00edlis na h\u00c9igipte ag an gc\u00e9ad Chatarach. Anseo a bh\u00ed an talamh teampaill ar a bhfuil an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it naofa a bh\u00ed tiomnaithe d'adhradh d\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">tearmann<\/span> le f\u00e1il \u00f3 aimsir na R\u00edochta Sean-Aoise, agus a leathna\u00edodh ar\u00eds agus ar\u00eds eile sa Mhe\u00e1n-R\u00edocht agus sa R\u00edocht Nua.<\/p><p>Rinne an misean Gearm\u00e1nach-Eilv\u00e9iseach \u00f3 na 1960id\u00ed i leith tochailt ch\u00f3rasach ar an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it naofa a bh\u00ed tiomnaithe d'adhradh d\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">tearmann<\/span>, agus l\u00e9irigh s\u00e9 foirgnimh teampaill \u00f3 na tr\u00e9imhs\u00ed luatha, \u00f3n Me\u00e1n-R\u00edocht, \u00f3n R\u00edocht Nua agus \u00f3n Tr\u00e9imhse Dh\u00e9anach. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn na stela\u00ed agus na hinscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed go raibh smacht ag Khnum ar Elephantine ar an \u00abgc\u00e9ad Chatarach\u00bb agus d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin go raibh s\u00e9 i gceannas ar ard\u00fa thuile bhliant\u00fail na N\u00edle.<\/p>\n<p>Is \u00e9 an dara m\u00f3rionad cultais n\u00e1 Esna (an Latopolis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00e9imhse an chult\u00fair Ghr\u00e9agaigh agus R\u00f3mh\u00e1naigh, timpeall 800 R.Ch. go dt\u00ed 600 A.D.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e1rsa<\/span>), timpeall c\u00faig chilim\u00e9adar is caoga \u00f3 dheas \u00f3 Th\u00edb\u00e9 ar bhruach thiar na N\u00edle. T\u00e1 an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun dia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3 a adhradh.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> a mhaireann beagnach go hioml\u00e1n \u00f3 r\u00e9 na nImpir\u00ed R\u00f3mh\u00e1nacha (agus na talla\u00ed teampaill t\u00f3gtha faoi Tiberius, Claudius, Vespasian, Domitian, Nerva, Traian, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius go dt\u00ed Septimius Severus) ar cheann de na tearmainn Khnum is m\u00f3rthaibhseacha i reiligi\u00fan na h\u00c9igipte.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 an Pronaos (halla an bhealaigh isteach) cl\u00fadaithe le hiomainn diagachta fhorleathana; iompra\u00edonn na col\u00fain na ceithre ghn\u00e9 dhiagachta de Khnum in oibri\u00fa mionchruinn.<\/p>\n<p>Ar laethanta fh\u00e9ile Khnum, cleachta\u00edodh deasghn\u00e1tha ar leith. Ba \u00ed an fh\u00e9ile \u00abLong an Photaire\u00bb an fh\u00e9ile ba th\u00e1bhachta\u00ed, ina n-iompra\u00edt\u00ed m\u00fanla beag loinge le h\u00edomh\u00e1 Khnum ar aghaidh tr\u00ed chl\u00f3is an teampaill. Chuir an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Seicheamh rialaithe de ghn\u00edomhartha siombalacha a bhfuil br\u00ed reiligi\u00fanach n\u00f3 chult\u00fartha leo.\" tabindex=\"0\">deasghn\u00e1th<\/span> i gcuimhne d&#8217;obair chruthaithe lean\u00fanach an d\u00e9 agus l\u00e9irigh s\u00e9 go siombalach athdh\u00e9anamh bliant\u00fail an chruthaithe.<\/p><p>In Esna, cleachta\u00edodh \u00abdeasghn\u00e1th an bhua\u00bb ar leith ag f\u00e9ile na hAthbhliana, ina nd\u00e9anta\u00ed \u00edomh\u00e1 an nathair Apophis as c\u00e9ir agus \u00e9 a dh\u00f3, cleachtas a bh\u00ed ceangailte le diagacht Esna maidir le caomhn\u00fa an domhain tr\u00ed chruth\u00fa a athnuadh gach l\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1 na hiomainn \u00f3n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun dia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3 a adhradh.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Esna, a fuair agus a chuir Serge Sauneron in eagar (s\u00e9 imleabhar, 1962 go 1975), ar cheann de na t\u00e9acsanna is doimhne \u00f3 thaobh diagachta i reiligi\u00fan d\u00e9anach na h\u00c9igipte.<\/p><p>Pl\u00e9ann siad Khnum mar an t\u00e9 a bh\u00ed ann \u00abroimh an t\u00fas\u00bb, a \u00abmh\u00fanlaigh na d\u00e9ithe agus na daoine go l\u00e9ir as cr\u00e9\u00bb agus a sh\u00e9ideann \u00aban\u00e1il na beatha isteach i sron\u00bb gach uile neach.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 an chomhthreomhaireacht le Geineasas 2:7 suntasach, c\u00e9 nach g\u00e1 glacadh leis go raibh tionchar d\u00edreach ann; l\u00e9ir\u00edonn an comhchos\u00falacht th\u00e9amach topas leathan sean-oirthearach faoi chruth\u00fa as cr\u00e9 tr\u00ed an\u00e1il dhiaga a bhronnadh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3fff7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e3fff7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1377ed0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1377ed0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naomhth\u00e9igh agus teampaill th\u00e1bhachtacha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-463eace elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"463eace\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00edl den <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun adhradh a dh\u00e9anamh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 dia amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> \u00f3 Elephantine ach iarsma\u00ed f\u00e1gtha, ach t\u00e1 an misean Gearm\u00e1nach-Eilv\u00e9iseach tar \u00e9is sraitheanna na dtr\u00e9imhs\u00ed t\u00f3g\u00e1la \u00e9ags\u00fala a at\u00f3g\u00e1il go mion sonrach. Ba eilimint th\u00e1bhachtach \u00ed an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it bheag naofa a \u00fas\u00e1idtear le haghaidh coime\u00e1d n\u00f3 adhradh.\" tabindex=\"0\">scr\u00edn<\/span> Khnum n\u00edos sine \u00f3n R\u00edocht L\u00e1rnach, a t\u00f3gadh faoi Sesostris I.<\/p><p>Sa R\u00edocht Nua, leathnaigh Thutmosis II agus Hatshepsut an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun adhradh a dh\u00e9anamh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 dia amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span>, agus sa tr\u00e9imhse Dh\u00e9anach agus Ptolamaeach leathna\u00edodh ar\u00eds \u00e9. Ar an oile\u00e1n freisin t\u00e1 an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Leac chloiche n\u00f3 adhmaid ina seasamh, le scr\u00edbhinn n\u00f3 le picti\u00far uirthi.\" tabindex=\"0\">st\u00e9ile<\/span> ch\u00e1ili\u00fail an \u00abGhorta\u00bb de chuid Sesostris III (Aimsir Ptolamaeach), a phl\u00e9ann <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Comhthioms\u00fa na sc\u00e9alta d\u00e9ithe a th\u00e1inig anuas \u00f3 chult\u00far ar leith.\" tabindex=\"0\">mhiotaseola\u00edocht<\/span> thuile bhliant\u00fail na N\u00edle agus r\u00f3l Khnum inti.<\/p>\n<p>Is \u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun adhradh a dh\u00e9anamh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 dia amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Esna pr\u00edomh-sh\u00e9adchomhartha chultas Khnum agus ceann de na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun adhradh a dh\u00e9anamh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 dia amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampaill<\/span> \u00c9igipteacha is fearr at\u00e1 caomhnaithe ar fad. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 naoi m\u00e9adar faoi bhonn na sr\u00e1ide reatha, rud a chuidigh lena chaomhn\u00fa.<\/p><p>Mhair an tr\u00e9imhse th\u00f3g\u00e1la \u00f3 Ptolamaeas VI go dt\u00ed Decius sa tr\u00ed\u00fa haois den r\u00e9 Chr\u00edosta\u00ed; d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin is \u00e9 Esna an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun adhradh a dh\u00e9anamh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 dia amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> \u00c9igipteach deireanach a leathna\u00edodh f\u00f3s san <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00e9imhse idirthr\u00e9imhseach idir an \u00e1rsa\u00edocht agus na Me\u00e1naoiseanna, timpeall an 3\u00fa go dt\u00ed an 7\u00fa haois.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ard-\u00c1rsa\u00edocht Dh\u00e9anach<\/span>.<\/p><p>Is \u00e9 an halla col\u00fan (pronaos), lena cheithre chol\u00fan is fiche agus a sh\u00edle\u00e1il shaibhir maisithe, an chuid is m\u00f3 a chuireann iontas ar dhaoine den fhoirgneamh. Ar na s\u00edle\u00e1lacha t\u00e1 l\u00e9irithe r\u00e9alteola\u00edochta, ar na balla\u00ed t\u00e1 iomainn diagachta, agus ar na col\u00fain t\u00e1 faoisimh \u00edobairte r\u00edoga.<\/p>\n<p>Is \u00e9 Antinoe (Antino\u00f6polis) i L\u00e1r na h\u00c9igipte an tr\u00ed\u00fa l\u00e1thair chultais, a d&#8217;eascair as an gcathair a bhunaigh Hadrian d&#8217;Antinoos. Anseo, adhra\u00edodh Khnum in \u00e9ineacht le Heqet mar bhandia breithe. T\u00e1 na hiarsma\u00ed seand\u00e1la\u00edochta ilroinnte, ach l\u00e9ir\u00edonn go leor inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed agus st\u00e9ileacha t\u00e1bhacht an chultais i r\u00e9 Impireacht na R\u00f3imhe.<\/p><p>Sa r\u00e9igi\u00fan N\u00faibiach, \u00f3 dheas den ch\u00e9ad chataracht, bh\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a \u00fas\u00e1idtear chun adhradh a dh\u00e9anamh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 dia amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Bigge suite, a bh\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tugtha don naofa tr\u00ed ghn\u00edomh reiligi\u00fanach agus d\u00e1 bharr sin t\u00f3gtha amach as an ngn\u00e1thshaol.\" tabindex=\"0\">coisricthe<\/span> d&#8217;oile\u00e1n Philae in aice l\u00e1imhe; bh\u00ed r\u00f3l t\u00e1bhachtach ag Khnum ansin freisin mar dhia uisce.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1 s\u00e9ip\u00e9il\u00edn\u00ed Khnum eile suite i Karnak (i gcl\u00f3s theampall Amun-Re), i Deir el-Bahari (i dteampall mortuary Hatshepsut), i Luxor (i seomra breithe Amenophis III), in Edfu (i dteach breithe Horus, an Mammisi) agus i go leor sanct\u00f3ir\u00ed n\u00edos l\u00fa feadh ghleann na N\u00edle.<\/p><p>I ngach teampall mortuary Ramesach, l\u00e9ir\u00edtear Khnum mar chruthaitheoir Ka r\u00edoga; is iad na faoisimh seo an fhoinse is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed don \u00edocnagrafa\u00edocht a bhaineann le gn\u00edomh na cruthaithe ar an roth potad\u00f3ireachta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cec8bc3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cec8bc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-598bdfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"598bdfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sc\u00e9alta miotasacha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2719f5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2719f5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00e9 an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, faoi bhun\u00fas ruda\u00ed agus faoi ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">miotas<\/span> l\u00e1rnach Khnum n\u00e1 cruth\u00fa an duine ar an roth potaireachta. Sna hIomainn Esna, cuirtear an gn\u00edomh seo i l\u00e1thair go mionchruinn: t\u00f3gann Khnum cr\u00e9 \u00f3 bhruach na N\u00edle, cumann s\u00e9 colainn an duine a bh\u00ed ag teacht chun beithe uaidh, cuireann s\u00e9 cr\u00edoch ch\u00faramach ar gach ball, agus ar deireadh na liopa\u00ed, an teanga agus an \u00e9isteacht.<\/p><p>Ansin t\u00f3gann s\u00e9 an an\u00e1il dhiaga \u00f3 l\u00e1mh na band\u00e9 Heqet (n\u00f3, i leagan eile, \u00f3na l\u00e1mh f\u00e9in) agus s\u00e9ideann isteach i shr\u00f3n an chr\u00e9at\u00fair \u00e9; leis an an\u00e1il sin a bheirtear beatha don duine. Is athdh\u00e9anamh \u00e9 breith gach linbh ar an bhunghn\u00edomh cruthaitheach sin.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Leac chloiche n\u00f3 adhmaid ina seasamh, le inscr\u00edbhinn n\u00f3 le picti\u00fair.\" tabindex=\"0\">st\u00e9ile<\/span> an Ghorta \u00f3 oile\u00e1n Sehel, cruth\u00fa Ptol\u00e9mach is d\u00f3cha a chuir a sc\u00e9al siar go dt\u00ed an tr\u00ed\u00fa m\u00edlaois roimh r\u00e9, tr\u00e9imhse triomaigh seacht mbliana faoin R\u00ed Djoser, a chruthaigh Khnum de bharr faill\u00ed a bheith d\u00e9anta ar a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it bheannaithe a bh\u00ed tiomnaithe do adhradh dia.\" tabindex=\"0\">shanct\u00f3ir<\/span>.<\/p><p>Rinne an r\u00ed achain\u00ed ar Khnum i mbriongl\u00f3id, agus th\u00e1inig an dia chun cinn ag gealladh go dtiocfadh tuile na N\u00edle ar ais d\u00e1 n-at\u00f3gfa\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a bh\u00edonn tiomnaithe do adhradh dia n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe.\" tabindex=\"0\">theampall<\/span> agus d\u00e1 gcuirf\u00ed talamh ar f\u00e1il don <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it bheannaithe a bh\u00ed tiomnaithe do adhradh dia.\" tabindex=\"0\">shanct\u00f3ir<\/span>. B&#8217;ionann an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Leac chloiche n\u00f3 adhmaid ina seasamh, le inscr\u00edbhinn n\u00f3 le picti\u00fair.\" tabindex=\"0\">st\u00e9ile<\/span> seo agus bun\u00fas dl\u00edthi\u00fail do phribhl\u00e9id\u00ed theampall Khnum in Elephantine, agus l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00ed ag an am c\u00e9anna an tuiscint theola\u00edoch go riala\u00edonn Khnum tuile na N\u00edle.<\/p>\n<p>Sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, faoi bhun\u00fas ruda\u00ed agus faoi ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">mhiotas<\/span> faoi bhreith an r\u00ed, is \u00e9 Khnum a chlaochla\u00edonn an athair diaga (Amun-Re) ar an roth potaireachta ina \u00e9im\u00e9abra r\u00edoga a bh\u00ed ag teacht chun beithe. L\u00e9ir\u00edtear an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gn\u00e9 athfhillteach a bhaineann le h\u00e1bhar in eala\u00edn n\u00f3 i sc\u00e9al.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f3it\u00edf<\/span> seo go mionchruinn sna \u00abseomra\u00ed breithe\u00bb (mammisi) de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a bh\u00edonn tiomnaithe do adhradh dia n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe.\" tabindex=\"0\">theampaill<\/span> Ptol\u00e9macha Edfu, Dendara agus Philae.<\/p><p>Sa seomra breithe de chuid Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari, t\u00e1 an leiri\u00fa is sine d\u00e1 short seo f\u00f3s ann: Khnum ag an roth casta, Heqet lena thaobh, an leanbh r\u00edoga a bh\u00ed ag teacht chun beithe agus a Ka mar fhigi\u00far d\u00fabailte. T\u00e1 an r\u00e1iteas teola\u00edoch soil\u00e9ir: crutha\u00edtear an r\u00ed \u00f3 shubstaint dhiaga tr\u00ed Khnum agus Amun-Re le ch\u00e9ile, i bhfad thar ghn\u00edomh gn\u00e9is a thuismitheoir\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Sna hIomainn Esna t\u00e1 sc\u00e9al cosmag\u00f3nach ann freisin, ina l\u00e9ir\u00edtear Khnum mar chruthaitheoir gach beithe. Deirtear go ndealbhaigh s\u00e9 daoine de gach dath craicinn \u00f3 chine\u00e1lacha cr\u00e9 \u00e9ags\u00fala, ainmhithe \u00f3 \u00e1bhair eile f\u00f3s, agus planda\u00ed \u00f3 \u00e1bhar fr\u00e9amhach.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 an teoiric leathnaithe seo faoin gcruth\u00fa t\u00e1bhachtach \u00f3 thaobh staire an reiligi\u00fain, mar mh\u00edn\u00edonn s\u00ed \u00e9ags\u00falacht eitneach an chine dhaonna ar bhonn teola\u00edoch, gan \u00ed a chur in ord aicmeach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2e8e9d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2e8e9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4b6d04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b4b6d04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caidrimh sa Phaintheon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f83b11d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f83b11d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00e1 caidreamh casta ag Khnum le d\u00e9ithe eile na h\u00c9igipte. Le Re, crutha\u00edonn s\u00e9 an fhoirm dh\u00fabailte Khnum-Re, a chuireann b\u00e9im, i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc scol\u00e1rtha faoi dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">theola\u00edocht<\/span> na tr\u00e9imhse d\u00e9ana\u00ed, ar ghn\u00e9 chruthaitheach an dia gr\u00e9ine.<\/p><p>Le Amun, cumascann s\u00e9 \u00f3 am go ch\u00e9ile mar Amun-Khnum, go h\u00e1irithe i Th\u00e9ibe; le Ptah, dia cruthaitheach Memphis, t\u00e1 comhl\u00e1n\u00fa feals\u00fanachta ann: smaoin\u00edonn agus plean\u00e1lann Ptah, agus dealbha\u00edonn agus comhl\u00edonann Khnum; le Atum, cruthaitheoir Heliopolis, roinneann s\u00e9 feidhm an bhunda, agus crutha\u00edonn Atum tr\u00ed f\u00e9in-ghini\u00faint agus Khnum tr\u00ed obair cheardlainne.<\/p>\n<p>Le Satet agus Anuket, crutha\u00edonn s\u00e9 Tr\u00edon\u00f3id Elephantine. Is \u00ed Satet an bhandia bhoghd\u00f3ir a \u00abscaipeann\u00bb uisce na tuile, agus is \u00ed Anuket pearsan\u00fa an chuid fhi\u00e1nta den abhainn faoi bhun na gcatarachta\u00ed. Adhra\u00edtear an d\u00e1 bhandia in \u00e9ineacht leis.<\/p><p>Le Neith in Esna, roinneann Khnum an fheidhm chruthaitheach, agus is ionann Neith agus an \u00abcathain\u00bb (am, gluaiseacht), agus Khnum agus an \u00abcad\u00bb (foirm, \u00e1bhar) den chruth\u00fa. Le Heqet, bandia frog-bhreithe, cuireann Khnum gn\u00edomh breithe gach duine i gcr\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1 caidreamh ar leith ag Khnum leis an bhara\u00f3. Is \u00e9 Khnum an f\u00edor-chruthaitheoir coirp de chorp r\u00edoga agus de Ka r\u00edoga. Ag gach malart\u00fa r\u00ed, l\u00e9ir\u00edtear an rialt\u00f3ir nua mar rud a dhealbhaigh Khnum, a bheirtear beo tr\u00ed an\u00e1il dhiaga, agus a bhronntar d\u00ednit r\u00edoga air.<\/p><p>F\u00e1gann an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc scol\u00e1rtha faoi dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">theola\u00edocht<\/span> seo go dtagann breith an r\u00ed chun bheith ina teagmhas ard-teola\u00edoch, a cheili\u00fartar go mionchruinn i mbailmhaisi\u00fa theampall na mammisi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0250402 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0250402\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6120e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c6120e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u00e9irthuiscint<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94c292 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e94c292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>San <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00e9imhse an chult\u00fair Ghr\u00e9agaigh agus R\u00f3mh\u00e1naigh, timpeall 800 R.Ch. go 600 A.D.\" tabindex=\"0\">tSean-Aimsir<\/span> Ghr\u00e9agach-R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach, aithn\u00edodh Khnum leis an nGr\u00e9agach Cronus, mar go raibh an d\u00e1 dhia mar sheand\u00e9ithe cruthaithe. Luann Pl\u00fatarc (\u00abDe Iside et Osiride\u00bb 56) Khnum mar \u00abpotaire na d\u00e9ithe\u00bb. T\u00e1 an aithint leis an \u00abDemiourgos\u00bb hermeiti\u00fail doicim\u00e9adaithe sna t\u00e9acsanna hermeiti\u00fala d\u00e9anacha agus i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a bh\u00edonn tiomnaithe d'adhradh dia n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teampall<\/span> Hibis in o\u00e1is Charga.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 \u00abChnoubis\u00bb ar eolas sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cleachtais a fh\u00e9achann le cur isteach ar ch\u00farsa na n-imeachta\u00ed tr\u00ed ghn\u00edomhartha n\u00f3 foirml\u00ed speisialta.\" tabindex=\"0\">dra\u00edocht<\/span> na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00e9imhse idirth\u00e9imhse idir an tSean-Aimsir agus an Mhe\u00e1naois, timpeall an 3\u00fa go 7\u00fa haois.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sean-Aimsire Dh\u00e9ana\u00ed<\/span>, nathair le ceann leoin agus seacht ga, a fheictear go h\u00e1irithe ar chiond\u00e1lacha sl\u00e1inte in aghaidh galar goile; t\u00e1 s\u00ed nasctha le Khnum tr\u00ed ainm agus \u00edosl\u00f3gra\u00edocht, ach forbra\u00edodh \u00ed ina neach sl\u00e1inte neamhsple\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Le deireadh an chreidimh ph\u00e1g\u00e1naigh teampallach sa ch\u00faigi\u00fa agus sa s\u00e9\u00fa haois de aois Chr\u00edosta\u00ed, d&#8217;imigh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1ine na ngn\u00edomhartha adhartha reiligi\u00fanda do dhia n\u00f3 do neach beannaithe.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultas<\/span> beo Khnum ar iarraidh. Bh\u00ed macalla\u00ed ar eolas sa traidisi\u00fan Coptach maidir leis an tuiscint go ndearna Dia an duine as cr\u00e9, a bhaineann le Geineasas 2:7; t\u00e1 \u00e9 ina \u00e1bhar d\u00edosp\u00f3ireachta an bhfuil traidisi\u00fan d\u00edreach Khnum ann f\u00f3s anseo.<\/p><p>Sa Mhe\u00e1naois, thuairiscigh taistealaithe Arabacha ar iarsma\u00ed tr\u00e9igthe an teampaill in Esna agus Elephantine; mhair an chuimhne ar Khnum mar dhia potaire go corrach i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An cult\u00far traidisi\u00fanta pobail le n\u00f3sanna, sc\u00e9alta agus amhr\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00e9aloideas<\/span> Coptach.<\/p>\n<p>Tosa\u00edonn athfhionnachtain nua-aimseartha chultas Khnum leis na foilseach\u00e1in thosaigh de chuid Champollion faoi Esna, agus leanadh iad le tochailt\u00ed na Gearm\u00e1ine-na Eilv\u00e9ise ar Elephantine \u00f3 na 1960id\u00ed ar aghaidh. T\u00e1 saothar eagarth\u00f3ireachta Esna de chuid Sauneron (1962 go 1975) ar cheann de na hini\u00fachta\u00ed is cr\u00edochn\u00fala ar stair reiligi\u00fain teampall \u00c9igipteach.<\/p><p>Rinne Erik Hornung anail\u00eds ar sheasamh Khnum sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc eola\u00edocht\u00fail faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">diagacht<\/span> \u00c9igipteach ina shaothar \u00abConceptions of God\u00bb agus sa sraith \u00abTal-der-K\u00f6nige\u00bb. Sa taighde is d\u00e9ana\u00ed de chuid Daniel von Recklinghausen agus Christian Leitz, forbra\u00edodh Khnum go mion mar shampla eiseaml\u00e1ireach de phr\u00edomhdhia diagacht\u00fail \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse dh\u00e9anach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b8af2d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b8af2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c810715 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c810715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rang\u00fa L\u00e9ann na Reiligi\u00fan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6febeab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6febeab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baineann Khnum leis an gcatag\u00f3ir de dh\u00e9ithe potaire, a chrutha\u00edonn an duine as cr\u00e9 i m\u00f3r\u00e1n reiligi\u00fan.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 tuiscint\u00ed inchompar\u00e1ide le f\u00e1il sa Sumearach Enki, a mh\u00fanlaigh an duine as cr\u00e9, agus sa chuntas cruthaithe Eabhraise (Geineasas 2:7). Ansin m\u00fanla\u00edtear \u00c1dhamh as cr\u00e9 agus tugtar beatha d\u00f3 tr\u00ed an\u00e1il D\u00e9. Sa mhiotas Gr\u00e9agach Prometheus, m\u00fanla\u00edtear an duine freisin as cr\u00e9, agus d\u00e9anann an V\u00e9ideach Tva\u1e63\u1e6d\u1e5b na cr\u00e9at\u00fair bheo a mh\u00fanl\u00fa. Sa mhiotas S\u00edneach N\u00fcwa, m\u00fanla\u00edonn an bandia cruthaitheach an duine as cr\u00e9 bhu\u00ed.<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an comhthiteadh seo m\u00f3taif uilechoiteann a fheictear i m\u00f3r\u00e1n cult\u00far go neamhsple\u00e1ch n\u00f3 tr\u00ed idirleathadh.<\/p>\n<p>Is \u00e9 saini\u00falacht dhiagacht\u00fail Khnum an choincheap idirdhealaithe faoin \u00abKa\u00bb, an bhr\u00ed bheatha, a mh\u00fanla\u00edtear agus a bheirtear beatha d\u00f3 go comhthreomhar leis an gcorp. Is coincheap suntasach go stairi\u00fail \u00e9 seo san \u00c9igipt, mar go dtugann s\u00e9 coincheap soil\u00e9ir faoi chomhph\u00e1irt bheatha neamhbh\u00e1smhar a bh\u00edonn nasctha leis an gcorp, ach ar f\u00e9idir l\u00e9i a bheith ann go neamhsple\u00e1ch freisin.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 cos\u00falachta\u00ed strucht\u00fartha idir tuiscint na Gr\u00e9agacha ar an bpsych\u00e9 agus tuiscint na Cr\u00edosta\u00edochta ar an anam ina dhiaidh sin, gan iad a bheith d\u00edorthaithe go d\u00edreach \u00f3 choincheap Ka Khnum.<\/p>\n<p>Rinne Jan Assmann, ina shaothar faoi \u00abm\u00f3taif cruthaitheach\u00bb na \u00c9igipte, Khnum a aithint mar shampla eiseaml\u00e1ireach de dhiagacht chruthaitheach \u00abchearda\u00edochta\u00bb. C\u00e9 go gcuireann traidisi\u00fan Heliopolisach Atum i l\u00e1thair mar fh\u00e9in-ghinideoir, agus traidisi\u00fan Memphisach Ptah mar chruthaitheoir a smaoin\u00edonn, l\u00e9ir\u00edonn traidisi\u00fan Khnumach an cruthaitheoir mar photaire agus cearda\u00ed.<\/p><p>Soils\u00edonn na tr\u00ed choincheap seo gn\u00e9ithe \u00e9ags\u00fala den ghn\u00edomha\u00edocht chruthaitheach dhiaga ch\u00e9anna, gan a bheith in ioma\u00edocht le ch\u00e9ile. Dhearbhaigh Erik Hornung ina shaothar \u00abDer Eine und die Vielen\u00bb go bhfuil, in ionad cruthaitheoir aontaithe amh\u00e1in, m\u00f3r\u00e1n foilsithe \u00e1iti\u00fala ar eolas sa reiligi\u00fan \u00c9igipteach, agus is \u00ed an \u00e9ags\u00falacht dhiagacht\u00fail sin a chrutha\u00edonn doimhneacht reiligi\u00fanda chult\u00far na \u00c9igipte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce9b335 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ce9b335\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f60b24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f60b24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Foins\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-544522d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"544522d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>T\u00e9acsanna na Pirimid\u00ed, seanfhocail 522 agus 660 (Khnum mar mh\u00fanl\u00f3ir). Inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed Teampall Esna, eagarth\u00f3ireacht Serge Sauneron, s\u00e9 imleabhar, Le Caire 1962 go 1975. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Leac chloiche n\u00f3 adhmaid ina sheasamh go d\u00edreach, le inscr\u00edbhinn n\u00f3 picti\u00far.\" tabindex=\"0\">Steal<\/span> gorta \u00f3 Sehel, eagarth\u00f3ireacht Paul Barguet. Seomra breithe ag Deir el-Bahari, eagarth\u00f3ireacht \u00c9douard Naville. Faoisimh Mammisi \u00f3 Dendara agus Edfu, eagarth\u00f3ireacht Fran\u00e7ois Daumas.<\/p><p>Strabo, \u00abGeographika\u00bb XVII, 1, 47 (Elephantine); Pl\u00fatarc, \u00abDe Iside et Osiride\u00bb 56. Henri Frankfort, \u00abKingship and the Gods\u00bb, Chicago 1948. Erik Hornung, \u00abDer Eine und die Vielen\u00bb, Darmstadt 1971. Jan Assmann, \u00ab\u00c4gypten. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An teagasc eola\u00edocht\u00fail faoi Dhia agus faoi chreideamh reiligi\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">Theologie<\/span> und <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An dearcadh agus an cleachtas reiligi\u00fanda a bh\u00edonn beo ag duine.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fr\u00f6mmigkeit<\/span> einer fr\u00fchen Hochkultur\u00bb, Stuttgart 1984. Christian Leitz (eag.), \u00abLexikon der \u00e4gyptischen G\u00f6tter und G\u00f6tterbezeichnungen\u00bb, Leuven 2002 go 2003.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3206,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Khnum","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Khnum \u2013 Dia Cruthaitheach \u00c9igipteach ag an Roth Potaireachta | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Is \u00e9 Khnum an dia cruthaitheach \u00c9igipteach le ceann reithe a mh\u00fanla\u00edonn daoine ar an roth potaireachta. Foinse na N\u00edle, teampall ar Elephantine. 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