{"id":188581,"date":"2026-09-07T03:36:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=188581"},"modified":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","slug":"athene","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/athene\/","title":{"rendered":"Ath\u00e9ine"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"188581\" class=\"elementor elementor-188581 elementor-2976 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5267971 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5267971\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8380ddd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8380ddd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8e551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc8e551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37bad8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37bad8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ath\u00e9ine, bandia na gaoise agus coimirceoir na hAithne<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c7ec4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66c7ec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mar bhandia na gaoise agus mar choimirceoir na hAithne, cuireann Ath\u00e9ine breithi\u00fanas stuama le ch\u00e9ile le taca\u00edocht chosanta don phobal cathartha. Ath\u00e9ine, d\u00e1 dtugtar Athena sa chan\u00faint Atticach, is duine de na pr\u00edomhfhigi\u00fair\u00ed i bpaintheon na Gr\u00e9ige agus meastar gur in\u00edon Zeus \u00ed, a rugadh \u00f3na cheann f\u00e9in.<\/p><p>Is \u00ed bandia coimirceach cathair na hAithne \u00ed, patr\u00fan na scile cearda\u00edochta, na cr\u00edonnachta cogaidh agus an ordaigh chothrom. Murab ionann le Ares, n\u00ed ionann \u00ed an cath fuilteach, ach an ceannaireacht strait\u00e9iseach agus cosaint na polis.<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn a leasainmneacha \u00abPolias\u00bb (Coimirceoir na Cathrach), \u00abPromachos\u00bb (an R\u00e9amhchath\u00f3ir) agus \u00abParthenos\u00bb (an Mhaighdean) na tr\u00ed bhunphr\u00edomhais a cultais. Tugann Homer di an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Leasainm seasta a shain\u00edonn dia n\u00f3 figi\u00far.\" tabindex=\"0\">eipiteat<\/span> \u00abglaukopis\u00bb, a aistr\u00edtear de r\u00e9ir l\u00e9irithe mar \u00abs\u00fail-ulchabh\u00e1n\u00bb n\u00f3 \u00abg\u00e9arsh\u00faileach\u00bb, ag tagairt d\u00e1 s\u00fail gh\u00e9ar dhomhainbhreithnitheach.<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn na fianais\u00ed i Linear B \u00f3n aimsir Mhic\u00e9in\u00ed \u00abBantiarna Athana\u00bb, rud a thaca\u00edonn leis an tuairim gur dia d\u00fachasach caisle\u00e1in r\u00e9amh-Ghr\u00e9agach a bh\u00ed inti a fuair r\u00f3l mar dhia coimirceach panheill\u00e9anach i reiligi\u00fan na polis seanaimseartha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e520f96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e520f96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171ee25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"171ee25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dia \/ Bandia: Cumhacht is airde pearsantaithe i bpaintheon cult\u00fair, le freagrachta\u00ed soil\u00e9ire \u2014 f\u00f3rsa\u00ed an d\u00falra, an cinni\u00faint, cogadh, torth\u00falacht. Adhradh tr\u00ed chultanna, \u00edobairt\u00ed agus institi\u00faid\u00ed teampaill.\">Dia<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/an-ghreig\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Reiligi\u00fan agus miotaseola\u00edocht na Sean-Ghr\u00e9ige \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse Mhic\u00e9anach go dt\u00ed deireadh na hallmhaireachta.\">An Ghr\u00e9ig<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8c7f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b8c7f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f49cf33 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"f49cf33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;N\\u00edor aims\\u00edodh aon cheannteideal ar an leathanach seo.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCl\u00e1r \u00c1bhair\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__f49cf33\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__f49cf33\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__f49cf33\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aea15e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8aea15e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4dc559 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f4dc559\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-190289\" alt=\"Ath\u00e9na - D\u00e9ithe \u00f3 thraidisi\u00fan na Gr\u00e9ige, l\u00e9iritheach \u00f3 thaobh na staire\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a56661 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9a56661\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-099658b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"099658b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74a9afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74a9afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Miotas agus Ginealach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fec0d72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fec0d72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00e1 breith Ath\u00e9ine \u00f3 cheann Zeus ar cheann de na miotais chruthaithe is c\u00e1ili\u00fala i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Aistri\u00fa eolais agus sc\u00e9alta \u00f3 ghl\u00fain go gl\u00fain.\" tabindex=\"0\">traidisi\u00fan<\/span> na Gr\u00e9ige. Ins\u00edonn Hesiod ina \u00abTheogony\u00bb (v\u00e9arsa\u00ed 886 go 900 agus 924 go 926) mar a shlogann Zeus Metis, \u00ed ag iompar clainne, chun tairngreacht a sheachaint go dtreascr\u00f3dh mac an chomhcheangail sin \u00e9.<\/p><p>\u00d3 chloigeann scoilte Zeus, a oscla\u00edodh ag Hephaistos n\u00f3 ag Prometheus le tua, tagann Ath\u00e9ine amach faoi l\u00e1nairm ioml\u00e1n. Buna\u00edonn an eachtra seo a st\u00e1das ar leith mar chr\u00e9at\u00far f\u00edor-intinne den d\u00e9athair, gan idirghabh\u00e1il m\u00e1ithreach sa chiall choitianta.<\/p><p>Fanann Metis comhth\u00e1ite laistigh de Zeus agus d\u00e9antar l\u00e9i pearsant\u00fa na cr\u00edonnachta glice a iompra\u00edonn an d\u00e9athair go buan; oidhreachta\u00edonn Ath\u00e9ine an tr\u00e9ith sin go feice\u00e1lach.<\/p>\n<p>Sa seacht\u00fa \u00f3id Oilimpeach ag Pindar (v\u00e9arsa\u00ed 35 go 38) tugtar leagan R\u00f3d\u00fail eile, dar a raibh fearthainn \u00f3rga ag titim ar an oile\u00e1n ag an bhreith agus rinne na Heliades dearmad, i l\u00e1r na deifre, an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ofr\u00e1il chuig dia chun bu\u00edochas, achain\u00ed n\u00f3 adhradh a l\u00e9iri\u00fa.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00edobairt<\/span> ch\u00e9ad a lasadh, agus mar sin thug siad an tine do na R\u00f3d\u00faigh.<\/p><p>Sa Chr\u00e9it, shu\u00edodh traidisi\u00fan eile an bhreith ag Loch Tritonis sa Libia, agus is uaidh sin a fuair Ath\u00e9ine an leasainm \u00abTritogeneia\u00bb; luann Herodotus (IV, 180) <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An t-ioml\u00e1n de ghn\u00edomhartha adhartha reiligi\u00fanda do dhia n\u00f3 figi\u00far sacr\u00e1ilte.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultas<\/span> Libiach Ath\u00e9ine ag na Ause\u00e1in, a bh\u00ed bainteach le com\u00f3rtas bliant\u00fail cail\u00edn\u00ed ag an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a dh\u00e9antar chun dia n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe a adhradh.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span>.<\/p><p>Fanann an bhr\u00ed eiteola\u00edoch den leasainm faoi chonsp\u00f3id idir tagairt do Loch Tritonis agus an tSean-Ghr\u00e9igis \u00abtrito\u00bb a chialla\u00edonn \u00aban tr\u00ed\u00fa duine rugadh\u00bb n\u00f3 \u00abf\u00edor\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d3 eachtra le Hephaistos, i dtraidisi\u00fan log\u00e1nta Atticach, eascra\u00edonn Erichthonios: d\u00e9anann Hephaistos iarracht Ath\u00e9ine a \u00e9igni\u00fa; titeann a sh\u00edol ar a cos, glanann s\u00ed \u00e9 le olann agus caitheann s\u00ed an \u00e9adach chuig an talamh, agus as sin a thagann Erichthonios (Apollodorus III, 14, 6).<\/p><p>T\u00f3gann Ath\u00e9ine an leanbh mar a hoidhre agus tugann s\u00ed \u00e9 d&#8217;in\u00edonacha Cecrops, Aglauros, Herse agus Pandrosos, i mbosca d\u00fanta, le hord\u00fa gan \u00e9 a oscailt.<\/p><p>Oscla\u00edonn Aglauros agus Herse an bosca, feiceann siad an leanbh timpeallaithe ag nathair agus tumann siad f\u00e9in le gealtacht \u00f3n Acrapolas. \u00d3n sc\u00e9al seo a thagann coincheap na haitheantais d\u00fachasaigh d&#8217;Aithneach: is \u00abrugadh \u00f3n talamh\u00bb a bh\u00ed sna r\u00edthe luath, gan bogadh isteach. Buna\u00edonn Erichthonios f\u00e9ile na Panath\u00e9ine agus meastar gur \u00e9 a chum an carr trodach ceithre chapaill.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1 Ath\u00e9ine gaolmhar mar dheirfi\u00far le Apollo, Artemis, Hermes agus Ares; is \u00e9 an caidreamh is dl\u00faithe at\u00e1 aici sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An t-ioml\u00e1n de dh\u00e9ithe reiligi\u00fan n\u00f3 cult\u00fair.\" tabindex=\"0\">paintheon<\/span> n\u00e1 lena hathair Zeus f\u00e9in, agus is minic a chuireann s\u00ed a phleananna i bhfeidhm. N\u00edl leana\u00ed f\u00e9in aici; is bun\u00fasach \u00ed a maighdeanas, agus d\u00e9anann s\u00e9 sin idirdheal\u00fa strucht\u00farach idir \u00ed agus Hera agus Dem\u00e9it\u00e9ar.<\/p><p>Chonaic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00e9imhse idirghabh\u00e1la idir seanaimsir agus na Me\u00e1naoiseanna, thart ar an 3\u00fa go 7\u00fa haois.\" tabindex=\"0\">an tSean-R\u00e9 Dh\u00e9anach<\/span> allag\u00f3ir\u00ed a mheas gur ionann Ath\u00e9ine agus \u00absmaointeoireacht\u00bb an d\u00e9athair, s\u00e9 sin logos pearsantaithe a bh\u00edonn i bhfeidhm roimh gach cruth\u00fa; forbra\u00edodh an l\u00e9iri\u00fa seo ag Philo Alexandria agus ag scr\u00edbhneoir\u00ed nua-Phlat\u00f3nacha ar n\u00f3s Proclus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2320c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c2320c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a0957b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a0957b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comhartha\u00ed, \u00cdosl\u00f3grafa\u00edocht agus Air\u00edonna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d26a0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d26a0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is iad pr\u00edomhair\u00edonna Athene an clogad, an sle\u00e1, an sciath agus an aigis. Meastar gur comhartha cosanta \u00e9 an aigis, brollachlann de sheithe gabhair maisithe le nathracha agus an Gorgoneion ina l\u00e1r, a fuair s\u00ed \u00f3 Zeus. In obair Homer, iompra\u00edonn s\u00ed an aigis chun catha in ionad a hathair.<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an clogad, a mb\u00edonn cor\u00f3in sphinx n\u00f3 Pegasos air go minic, an fheidhm choga\u00edochta, agus is minic a bh\u00edonn an sle\u00e1 \u00e1 coinne\u00e1il in airde, gan a bheith ullamh chun ionsa\u00ed. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an cosc sonrach seo ar an arm ardaithe \u00ed mar strait\u00e9iseoir, n\u00ed mar dhiabhal catha.<\/p>\n<p>Is \u00ed an ulchabh\u00e1n, go h\u00e1irithe an ulchabh\u00e1n beag (Athene noctua, a iompra\u00edonn a hainm f\u00f3s sa z\u00f3-eola\u00edocht nua-aimseartha), a h\u00e9an \u00f3 aimsir \u00e1rsa. Ar na teitreadrachma\u00ed Ataca\u00ed, feictear \u00ed mar shuaitheantas in aice le ceann an d\u00e9; d\u00edoladh na boinn ar fud na Me\u00e1nmhara ar fad mar \u00abglaukes\u00bb (ulchabh\u00e1in), agus chuir siad seanfhocal i mb\u00e9al an phobail: \u00abulchabh\u00e1in a thabhairt go hAithin\u00bb.<\/p><p>Tagann an crann ol\u00f3ige \u00f3n aighneas le Poseidon: chuir Athene an ch\u00e9ad chrann ola ar an Acrapolas agus thug s\u00ed an planda seo mar bhronntanas do mhuintir na hAithine, planda a shol\u00e1thair bia, solas agus cneas\u00fa creachta.<\/p><p>Meastar go raibh an crann ola naofa sa Pandroseion doscriosta go dt\u00ed deireadh na tr\u00e9imhse R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach; tuairisc\u00edonn Pausanias (I, 27, 2) gur ath-fh\u00e1s s\u00e9 thar o\u00edche tar \u00e9is na tine Peirs\u00ed sa bhliain 480 roimh r\u00e9 \u00e1r linne.<\/p>\n<p>Is air\u00edon seasta eile \u00ed an nathair, faoi dh\u00e1 fheidhm: ar thaobh amh\u00e1in mar Erichthonios, a nd\u00e9anann Athene \u00e9 a chosaint mar nathair, agus ar an taobh eile mar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Comhartha a sheasann in ionad smaoineamh n\u00f3 br\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">shiombail<\/span> na dl\u00fathchaidrimh leis an talamh agus na cr\u00edonnachta cneasaithe.<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an Athena Parthenos chryselephantine de chuid Phidias, arna cur s\u00edos ag Pausanias (I, 24, 5 go 7), an bandia i gcit\u00f3n, le Nike ar a l\u00e1mh dheas s\u00ednte, in aice leis an sle\u00e1 at\u00e1irgthe ar an sciath; i bhfilleadh sa bhonn, l\u00fabann nathair mh\u00f3r, arna sainaithint le Erichthonios.<\/p><p>L\u00e9ir\u00edodh cath na Amazonach ar an sciath, an Gigantomachia ar an taobh istigh, agus an Chentauromachia ar na cuar\u00e1in. Bh\u00ed an saothar dh\u00e1 mh\u00e9adar d\u00e9ag ar airde, d\u00e9anta as 1140 cileagram \u00f3ir, agus bh\u00ed na pl\u00e1ta\u00ed inbhainte, rud a chiallaigh go raibh rochtain ag Perikles ar ch\u00falchiste \u00f3ir st\u00e1it i g\u00e9arch\u00e9im.<\/p>\n<p>Ina theannta sin, meastar gur air\u00edon l\u00e9i an fh\u00e1inne fite agus an gl\u00e9as sn\u00edomhaireachta. Chosain Athene \u00abErgane\u00bb, \u00aban Oibr\u00ed\u00bb, an cearda\u00edocht ar fad, ach go h\u00e1irithe an scil teacsa\u00ed a bh\u00ed ag mn\u00e1. Sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, bun\u00fasa\u00ed agus ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">mhiotas<\/span> faoin aighneas f\u00e1inne\u00e1la le Arachne (Ovid, Metamorphosen VI, 5 go 145), l\u00e9ir\u00edtear \u00ed mar dh\u00e9ine na norma a stollann saothar n\u00edos fearr, ach c\u00e1inteach ar na d\u00e9ithe, an Bhean Luda\u00ed.<\/p><p>Chum Phidias don Parthenon an Peplos a f\u00edt\u00ed go bliant\u00fail d&#8217;Athene mar chl\u00e1r \u00edonagrafach: sa chuilt cr\u00f3ch-daite, bh\u00ed radhairc na Gigantomachia fite go seasmhach, ina raibh Athene ag d\u00edbirt an Fathach Enkelados faoi oile\u00e1n na Sicile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98b4b8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"98b4b8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f302c73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f302c73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cultas agus adhradh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c84aca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c84aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ba \u00ed an Panathenaia an fh\u00e9ile l\u00e1rnach a bh\u00ed ag Athene, a cheili\u00faradh gach bliain ar an 28\u00fa l\u00e1 de Hecatombaion (I\u00fail\/L\u00fanasa), agus gach ceithre bliana mar \u00abPanathenaia Mh\u00f3r\u00bb le rachmas m\u00e9adaithe. Thosaigh s\u00e9 le m\u00f3rshi\u00fal t\u00f3irs\u00ed san o\u00edche \u00f3n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gr\u00fapa crainn naofa a d'fheidhmigh mar ionad adhartha.\" tabindex=\"0\">gharr\u00e1n<\/span> Acadaimh go dt\u00ed an Acrapolas.<\/p><p>Ba \u00e9 an m\u00f3rshi\u00fal f\u00e9ile an buaicphointe, ina raibh saor\u00e1naigh, meit\u00e9acaigh agus cail\u00edn\u00ed roghnaithe p\u00e1irteach; d&#8217;iompra\u00edodar an Peplos a f\u00edt\u00ed go nua don \u00edomh\u00e1 adhmaid \u00e1rsa d&#8217;Athene Polias ar charr cruth loinge. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn friso an Parthenon an m\u00f3rshi\u00fal seo ar fad 160 m\u00e9adar ar fad le thart ar 380 figi\u00far daonna agus ainmhithe.<\/p>\n<p>Ag an Panathenaia Mh\u00f3r, chuaigh l\u00fathchleasaithe, raps\u00f3da agus ceolt\u00f3ir\u00ed i gcom\u00f3rtas; bhuaigh na buaiteoir\u00ed amf\u00f3rai le ola ol\u00f3ige br\u00faite \u00f3n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gr\u00fapa crainn naofa a d'fheidhmigh mar ionad adhartha.\" tabindex=\"0\">gharr\u00e1n<\/span> naofa mar dhuais.<\/p><p>Is iad na hAmf\u00f3rai Duaise Panathenaice seo, le Athene Promachos ar thaobh amh\u00e1in agus an sp\u00f3rt faoi seach ar an taobh eile, ar cheann de na foins\u00ed is fairsinge inniu maidir le p\u00e9int\u00e9ireacht v\u00e1sa Atacach \u00f3n s\u00e9\u00fa agus s\u00e9\u00fa haois.<\/p><p>Bh\u00ed an Athlothet, a d&#8217;eagraigh na cluich\u00ed, i measc na hoifig\u00ed is airde de dhaonlathas na hAitice. Chomh maith leis sin, l\u00e9adh saothair Homer go raps\u00f3dach ag na Panathenaia \u00f3 aimsir Peisistratos, rud a chuidigh le can\u00f3n\u00fa na fil\u00edochta Homeracha.<\/p>\n<p>Chomh maith leis an Panathenaia, bh\u00ed f\u00e9ilte eile ann le Athene. Ag na Arrhephoria sa Skirophorion, iompra\u00edonn ceathrar cail\u00edn uasal cise\u00e1n ceilte isteach sa talamh. Ba iad na Chalkeia sa Pyanopsion an fh\u00e9ile ghabha do Athene Ergane agus Hephaistos. Bh\u00ed na Skira sa Skirophorion ina gc\u00fal\u00fa do na mn\u00e1 agus t\u00fas leis an fh\u00e1inne\u00e1il nua don Peplos. Ag na Plynteria, baineadh c\u00f3iri\u00fa den \u00edomh\u00e1 \u00e1rsa adhartha agus n\u00edodh \u00ed sa mhuir.<\/p><p>Ar an l\u00e1 seo, meastar go raibh an chathair neamhghlan go deasghn\u00e1tha, bh\u00ed na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a chaitear a chuid don adhradh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 ceann.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampaill<\/span> d\u00fanta le t\u00e9ada, agus bh\u00ed caibidl\u00ed polaiti\u00fala ar sos. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn na deasghn\u00e1tha seo Athene n\u00edos l\u00fa mar bhandia coga\u00edochta ach mar bhandia bunaithe ar chult\u00far, a chosna\u00edonn cearda\u00edocht, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trasna\u00edocht dheasghn\u00e1ch tr\u00edna nglactar duine isteach i st\u00e1das nua n\u00f3 i bpobal nua.\" tabindex=\"0\">tionscnaimh<\/span> agus an phobail cathrach.<\/p>\n<p>Lasmuigh d&#8217;Aithin, bh\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1n na ngn\u00edomhartha adhartha reiligi\u00fanda do dhia n\u00f3 do fhigi\u00far naofa.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> leathan ar fud an domhain Ghr\u00e9agaigh ar fad. I Sp\u00e1rta, tugadh Athena Chalkioikos, \u00absa teach cr\u00e9-umha\u00bb, uirthi, i ndiaidh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a chaitear a chuid don adhradh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 ceann.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> le pl\u00e1ta\u00ed cr\u00e9-umha; i Tegea, meastar go raibh <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a chaitear a chuid don adhradh do dhia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 do n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 ceann.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Athene Alea ar cheann de na hionaid naofa is m\u00f3 sa Pheilipineas, arna th\u00f3g\u00e1il ag Skopas.<\/p><p>I Pergamon, bh\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it naofa tiomnaithe d'adhradh dia.\" tabindex=\"0\">ionad naofa<\/span> Athena Polias ar an Acrapolas, in aice leis an leabharlann ch\u00e1ili\u00fail de chuid na Attaliad. Rinneadh d&#8217;Athene Nikephoros Heill\u00e9ana\u00edoch de Pergamon pointe tagartha do chl\u00e1r cult\u00fartha pan-Heill\u00e9anach de chuid na Attaliad, a chuir Aithin i l\u00e1thair mar bhaile intinne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f5de9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2f5de9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4126cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4126cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naomhth\u00e9igh agus teampaill th\u00e1bhachtacha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faa4da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faa4da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is \u00e9 an Parthen\u00f3n ar Acrapolas na hAithne, a t\u00f3gadh idir 447 agus 432 roimh \u00e1r linn faoi Pheiricl\u00e9s, an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it naofa a bhfuil adhradh d\u00e9 n\u00f3 band\u00e9 tiomnaithe di.\" tabindex=\"0\">tearmann naofa<\/span> is c\u00e1ili\u00fala ag an bandia.<\/p><p>Dhear Ict\u00edon\u00f3s agus Callicrates an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh d\u00e9 n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> D\u00f3rach, agus chruthaigh Feidias an dealbh \u00f3rle\u00e1rga dh\u00e1 mh\u00e9adar d\u00e9ag ar airde d&#8217;Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 Parthenos. N\u00edorbh \u00e9 an t-\u00e1ras seo an pr\u00edomh\u00e1it adhartha ach \u00e1ras taisce agus teampall on\u00f3ra; sheas an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e9iri\u00fa \u00edomh\u00e1ineach de dhia a adhrtar sa teampall n\u00f3 sa scr\u00edn.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00edomh\u00e1 chult\u00fartha<\/span> f\u00e9in d&#8217;Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 Polias sa Ereichteon in aice l\u00e1imhe.<\/p><p>Ansin freisin a taispe\u00e1nadh an fharraige s\u00e1ile a bhain leis an achrann idir Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 agus Poseid\u00f3n, chomh maith leis an ol\u00f3gchrann naofa. Bh\u00ed ar sh\u00edma an Pharthen\u00f3in l\u00e9iri\u00fa ar bhreith Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 (s\u00edma thoir) agus ar an achrann le Poseid\u00f3n (s\u00edma thiar); l\u00e9irigh na meat\u00f3ip\u00ed an Ghiogantamachia, an Amas\u00f3namachia, an Ceant\u00f3iromachia agus titim na Traoi.<\/p>\n<p>B&#8217;\u00e9 an Ereichteon, lena Halla na gC\u00f3rai, a t\u00f3gadh idir 421 agus 406, an ceartl\u00e1r cult\u00fartha f\u00e9in. Istigh ann caomhna\u00edodh an \u00edomh\u00e1 adhmaid \u00e1rsa d&#8217;Ath\u00e9n\u00e9, \u00abxoanon\u00bb, a thit anuas \u00f3 neamh de r\u00e9ir na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al t\u00f3g\u00e1lach, go hiond\u00fail faoi shaol naomh.\" tabindex=\"0\">finsc\u00e9il<\/span>.<\/p><p>Ag na Plynt\u00e9ir\u00eda baineadh \u00e9ada\u00ed den \u00edomh\u00e1 seo gach bliain agus n\u00edodh \u00ed san fharraige, cos\u00fail leis an Tonaia S\u00e1imeach a bhaineadh le H\u00e9ar\u00f3. Aonta\u00edonn an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh d\u00e9 n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> faoi aon d\u00edon amh\u00e1in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Comhioml\u00e1n na ngn\u00edomhartha adhartha creidimh do dhia n\u00f3 do dhuine naofa.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultas<\/span> Ath\u00e9n\u00e9, Poseid\u00f3n-Ereichteus agus an r\u00ed Ceacr\u00f3ps, agus meastar d\u00e1 bharr gurb \u00e9 an foirgneamh naofa is casta \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse chlasaiceach.<\/p>\n<p>Lasmuigh den Aithin, t\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh d\u00e9 n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 i Soun\u00edon, ag ceann thoir theas na hAitic\u00ed, an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh d\u00e9 n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> d&#8217;Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 Aphaia ar Aigina (a bh\u00ed i nd\u00e1ir\u00edre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tugtha don naofa tr\u00ed ghn\u00edomh reiligi\u00fanach, agus d\u00e1 bharr t\u00f3gtha as an ngn\u00e1thshaol.\" tabindex=\"0\">coisricthe<\/span> d&#8217;Aphaia, ach at\u00e1 dl\u00fathcheangailte le hiconagrafa\u00edocht Ath\u00e9n\u00e9), an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it naofa a bhfuil adhradh d\u00e9 n\u00f3 band\u00e9 tiomnaithe di.\" tabindex=\"0\">tearmann naofa<\/span> d&#8217;Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 Pronaia i nDelf\u00ed agus d&#8217;Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 Itonia sa Teas\u00e1il.<\/p><p>San \u00c1ise Bheag bh\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh d\u00e9 n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 ag Pri\u00e9n\u00e9, a th\u00f3g Piteos sa cheathr\u00fa haois roimh \u00e1r linn, agus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a fhreastala\u00edonn ar adhradh d\u00e9 n\u00f3 d\u00e9ithe amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 Lindia ar R\u00f3das i measc phr\u00edomh-\u00e1iteanna oilithreachta na tr\u00e9imhse Heill\u00e9ana\u00ed. Bh\u00ed i dTeampall Ath\u00e9n\u00e9 Lindia an Croinicil Lindiach, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00e9acs at\u00e1 greanta n\u00f3 snoite in \u00e1bhar buan.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscr\u00edbhinn<\/span> a liostaigh na bronntanais choisricthe ba luachmhaire sa tearmann \u00f3n tr\u00e9imhse luath go dt\u00ed 99 roimh \u00e1r linn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcb85f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fcb85f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146581b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"146581b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sc\u00e9alta miotasacha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d591b2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d591b2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baineann an t-aighneas le Pois\u00e9ad\u00f3n faoi Attica leis na sc\u00e9alta bunaithe Aithneacha. Tuairisc\u00edonn Apollod\u00f3ras (III, 14, 1) gur \u00e9iligh an d\u00e1 dhia an t\u00edr agus gur thug siad a mbronntanais os comhair chol\u00e1iste na nd\u00e9ithe. Sh\u00e1igh Pois\u00e9ad\u00f3n a thr\u00edgh\u00e1 i dtalamh na hAcraip agus lig s\u00e9 s\u00e1ile a bhorradh (n\u00f3 chuir s\u00e9 each i l\u00e1thair, ag brath ar an leagan); chuir Aith\u00e9na crann ol\u00f3ige.<\/p><p>Chinn col\u00e1iste na nd\u00e9ithe, n\u00f3 an r\u00ed Cecrops, i bhfabhar Aith\u00e9na, agus mar dh\u00edoltas chuir Pois\u00e9ad\u00f3n tuile ar an t\u00edr. Chum Fidias an t-aighneas seo ar bhinn thiar an Parthen\u00f3in. Deimhn\u00edonn P\u00e1s\u00e1ini\u00e1s (I, 26, 5) go bhfuil scoilt sa charraig san Erechtheion a th\u00e1inig \u00f3 bhuille an trigh\u00e1, agus an tobar s\u00e1ile a bhraitheann ar bholadh na farraige nuair a sh\u00e9ideann gaoth \u00f3 dheas.<\/p>\n<p>Sa Chogadh Tra\u00edgh seasann Aith\u00e9na go daingean ar thaobh na nGr\u00e9agach. Treora\u00edonn s\u00ed Oidis\u00e9as tr\u00edd an \u00abOdais\u00e9\u00bb, taca\u00edonn s\u00ed le Diomedes sa chomhrac in aghaidh Ares agus Afraid\u00edt (Iliad V), agus dearann s\u00ed in \u00e9ineacht le Eipeas an capall adhmaid lena n-oscla\u00edonn na Tra\u00edgh f\u00e9in an chathair d\u00f3ibh f\u00e9in.<\/p><p>D\u00edr\u00edonn a fearg tar \u00e9is an bhua ar na Gr\u00e9agaigh, mar gur shalaigh Aiax an Locrach Casandra i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a chaitear le hadhradh dia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> na band\u00e9 (Euripides, Mn\u00e1 na Traoi 48 go 97); is de thoradh sin an stoirm agus an m\u00ed-\u00e1dh ar an mbealach abhaile.<\/p><p>Fanann an t-aighneas faoin bPalladion, dealbh adhmaid Aith\u00e9na a s\u00e1bh\u00e1ladh \u00f3 Tra\u00edgh, ina arg\u00f3int pholaiti\u00fail sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, bun\u00fas agus ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">mhiotas<\/span> do na cathracha a \u00e9il\u00edonn a choimirce; \u00e9il\u00edonn Argos, an Aithin agus faoi dheireadh an R\u00f3imh (tr\u00ed Aeneas) an dealbh mar dhlisteanacht dhiaga d\u00e1 st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, bun\u00fas agus ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">mhiotas<\/span> faoi Mhead\u00fasa cuid\u00edonn Aith\u00e9na le Peirs\u00e9as ceann an Ghorg\u00f3in a bhaint de, tr\u00edna sc\u00e1th snasta a thabhairt d\u00f3 mar sc\u00e1th\u00e1n. Faigheann s\u00ed an Gorg\u00f3ini\u00fan mar chro\u00ed-ph\u00edosa d\u00e1 Aigis.<\/p><p>Ag Apollod\u00f3ras (II, 4, 3) agus \u00d3ivid (Meiteamorf\u00f3is IV, 798 go 803) tugtar dh\u00e1 r\u00e9amhsc\u00e9al \u00e9ags\u00fala don Ghorg\u00f3n; i leagan \u00d3ivid ba dhuine daonna \u00e1lainn \u00ed Mead\u00fasa ar dt\u00fas, a rinne an band\u00e9 f\u00e9in a athr\u00fa ina uaf\u00e1s tar \u00e9is di a bheith salaithe ag Pois\u00e9ad\u00f3n i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Foirgneamh a chaitear le hadhradh dia amh\u00e1in n\u00f3 n\u00edos m\u00f3.\" tabindex=\"0\">teampall<\/span> Aith\u00e9na.<\/p><p>Ar an l\u00e1imh eile, aithn\u00edonn an traidisi\u00fan Gr\u00e9agach n\u00edos sine Mead\u00fasa mar uaf\u00e1s d\u00fachasach gan aon r\u00e9amhsc\u00e9al daonna.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9ir\u00edonn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, bun\u00fas agus ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">miotas<\/span> Arachne (\u00d3ivid, Meiteamorf\u00f3is VI) Aith\u00e9na mar chosant\u00f3ir dhocht ar ord na nd\u00e9ithe: Tugann an f\u00edod\u00f3ir Lidiach Arachne d\u00fashl\u00e1n na band\u00e9 i gcom\u00f3rtas, agus l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00ed drochghn\u00edomhartha na nd\u00e9ithe ina f\u00edod\u00f3ireacht.<\/p><p>R\u00e9abann Aith\u00e9na an saothar, buaileann s\u00ed Arachne leis an bhfeithicil, agus d\u00e9anann s\u00ed damh\u00e1n alla di ar deireadh. Rinneadh eachtra pharadigmach di sa traidisi\u00fan n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed mar rabhadh in aghaidh an uabhair. San am c\u00e9anna, l\u00e9ann taighde feimineach na miotaseola\u00edochta an t-\u00e1bhar mar mhachnamh ar theorainn an chritici\u00falachta eala\u00edonta dhlisteanaigh i leith na cumhachta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f94f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"07f94f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6b8164 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6b8164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caidrimh sa Phaintheon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c6d57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43c6d57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meastar gurb \u00ed Aith\u00e9na an t-in\u00edon is ansa le S\u00e9as; san \u00abIliad\u00bb ise amh\u00e1in a iompra\u00edonn a sc\u00e9ith Aigis thar a cheann. T\u00e1 a d\u00edlseacht d\u00e1 hathair ioml\u00e1n, agus in eachtra amh\u00e1in amh\u00e1in (Iliad I, 396 go 406) a luaitear \u00ed mar chuid den chomhcheilg oilimpeach ina choinne.<\/p><p>Le Apoll\u00f3n agus Artimis, a deirfi\u00faracha agus a dearth\u00e1ireacha, t\u00e1 caidreamh socair, comhionann; l\u00e9ir\u00edonn an tri\u00far acu an ghl\u00fain n\u00edos \u00f3ige, n\u00edos eala\u00edonta i gcompar\u00e1id leis an sean-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1n d\u00e9ithe reiligi\u00fain n\u00f3 cult\u00fair amh\u00e1in.\" tabindex=\"0\">phaint\u00e9on<\/span>. Roinneann s\u00ed feidhm an chosant\u00f3ra chr\u00edonna le Hermes, agus mar sin cuid\u00edonn an bheirt le ch\u00e9ile le Peirs\u00e9as, Hearachl\u00e9s agus Oidis\u00e9as.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fanla\u00edonn an ioma\u00edocht le Pois\u00e9ad\u00f3n roinnt miotas \u00e1iti\u00fala, sa bhreis ar an Aithin i dTroizen agus in Argos. Le Ares t\u00e1 naimhdeas oscailte ann: seasann Aith\u00e9na do choga\u00edocht strait\u00e9iseach, agus Ares don fhraoch fi\u00e1in catha.<\/p><p>Ag H\u00f3im\u00e9ar gorta\u00edonn Aith\u00e9na Ares le l\u00e1mh Diomedes (Iliad V, 855 go 859), agus buaileann an bheirt le ch\u00e9ile ar\u00eds sa Teomaic\u00e9 san Iliad XX agus XXI. Le hAfraid\u00edt feictear caidreamh naimhdeach, srianta, a spreag Breithi\u00fanas Ph\u00e1ras; gheall Aith\u00e9na cr\u00edonnacht agus bua sa chogadh do Ph\u00e1ras, agus gheall Afraid\u00edt H\u00e9ilin d\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Is \u00e9 H\u00e9aphaistos a comp\u00e1nach ceirde; le ch\u00e9ile mheastar gurbh iad p\u00e1tr\u00fain ceardaithe na hAithine iad araon. Bh\u00ed an H\u00e9aphaist\u00e9ion ar an Ag\u00f3ra, ar a dtugtar go m\u00edchruinn go minic \u00abTh\u00e9is\u00e9ion\u00bb, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tugtha don naofa tr\u00ed ghn\u00edomh reiligi\u00fanach agus d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin t\u00f3gtha amach as an ngn\u00e1thshaol.\" tabindex=\"0\">coisricthe<\/span> don bheirt acu le ch\u00e9ile, agus is \u00e9 an teampall D\u00f3rach is fearr at\u00e1 caomhnaithe sa Ghr\u00e9ig.<\/p><p>T\u00e1 caidreamh speisialta idir Aith\u00e9na agus na laochra: faigheann Oidis\u00e9as, Peirs\u00e9as, Beileroif\u00f3n (tugann s\u00ed an srian \u00f3rga d\u00f3 le haghaidh P\u00e9ag\u00e1is), Diomedes, Ias\u00f3n agus go h\u00e1irithe Hearachl\u00e9s a taca\u00edocht ar bhealach a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn, de r\u00e9ir eitice H\u00f3im\u00e9ara\u00ed, an caidreamh on\u00f3ra diaga is airde.<\/p><p>I Sc\u00e9ith Hearachl\u00e9s Heis\u00e9ad, feictear Aith\u00e9na mar ph\u00e1tr\u00fan a chuireann fearas ar an laoch, agus a chuireann cr\u00edonnacht dhiaga ar f\u00e1il d\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4341ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4341ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a0e01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60a0e01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u00e9irthuiscint<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94523b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e94523b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aithint na R\u00f3mh\u00e1naigh l\u00e9i mar Minerva a thug b\u00e9im athraithe di: ba bhandia Eatr\u00fascach \u00ed Minerva \u00f3 dh\u00fachas, Menrva, agus is iad na feidhmeanna a bh\u00ed i r\u00e9im aici n\u00e1 p\u00e1tr\u00fan na ceirdeanna agus na scola\u00edochta; cl\u00fada\u00edodh gn\u00e9 choga\u00edoch Athene na Gr\u00e9ige sa R\u00f3imh ag Mars agus Bellona.<\/p><p>San Tr\u00edon\u00f3id Chapitolach le I\u00fapatar agus I\u00fan\u00f3, d&#8217;fhan Minerva ina <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Neach a bhfuil on\u00f3ir dhiaga tugtha d\u00f3 laistigh de reiligi\u00fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">dhiagacht<\/span> st\u00e1it l\u00e1rnach, agus th\u00f3g Domitian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c1it bheannaithe a bhronntar ar adhradh diagachta.\" tabindex=\"0\">tearmann<\/span> t\u00e1bhachtach di ar an Campus Martius. Ba iad na Quinquatrus, f\u00e9ilte c\u00faig l\u00e1 i m\u00ed an Mh\u00e1rta, a thug on\u00f3ir ar leith do Minerva mar ph\u00e1tr\u00fan m\u00fainteoir\u00ed agus scol\u00e1ir\u00ed; tugann Ovid cur s\u00edos mion orthu ina \u00abFasti\u00bb (III, 809 go 848).<\/p>\n<p>Sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tr\u00e9imhse idirlinn idir an tSeanaimsir agus an Me\u00e1naois, timpeall an 3\u00fa go 7\u00fa haois.\" tabindex=\"0\">R\u00e9 Chlasaiceach Dheireanach<\/span>, forbra\u00edodh an Athena Parthenos mar chomhartha cult\u00fartha: deir Procopius go raibh dealbh Athena Promachos f\u00f3s ina seasamh i gConstantinopoil chomh fada leis an s\u00e9\u00fa haois, sular scriosadh \u00ed in \u00e9ir\u00ed amach 1203.<\/p><p>Bh\u00ed aithne ag an Me\u00e1naois ar Pallas go pr\u00edomha mar fhigi\u00far f\u00e1thchiallach na heagna; sa \u00abRoman de la Rose\u00bb agus i \u00abCit\u00e9 des Dames\u00bb le Christine de Pizan, d\u00e9antar bandia coimirceach di do mhn\u00e1 l\u00e9annta. Cuireann \u00abDe claris mulieribus\u00bb le Boccaccio i measc na bhfigi\u00fair\u00ed mn\u00e1 \u00e1rsa is eiseaml\u00e1rta\u00ed \u00ed, agus d\u00e9ile\u00e1lann Petrarca l\u00e9i ina \u00abAfrica\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Thug an Renaissance athghabh\u00e1il dhaonnacht\u00fail l\u00e9i tr\u00ed \u00abPallas agus an Centaur\u00bb le Sandro Botticelli agus \u00abPallas ag Ruaigeadh na Leabhar\u00bb le Andrea Mantegna. Chonaic an ocht\u00fa haois d\u00e9ag Pallas Athene mar \u00edomh\u00e1 an L\u00e9irsmaointe, rud a mhol Schiller ina dhistich c\u00e1ili\u00fail \u00abDie sch\u00f6nste Wissenschaft\u00bb.<\/p><p>Rinne an nao\u00fa haois d\u00e9ag comhartha armas di do acadaimh agus ollscoileanna, ar n\u00f3s Acadamh na Eola\u00edochta\u00ed i mBeirl\u00edn agus Ollscoil na hAithne, ag doras isteach a bhfuil dealbh na bandia bunaithe ar mh\u00fanla Phidias.<\/p><p>Rinne staid\u00e9ir bhun\u00fasacha Klaus Vierneisel agus Peter Zanker faoi iconagrafa\u00edocht Athena scagadh c\u00f3rasach ar th\u00e1bhacht chult\u00far-pholaiti\u00fail an fhigi\u00fair sa Chlasaiceachas agus san nao\u00fa haois d\u00e9ag.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64df9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64df9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb67d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4eb67d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rang\u00fa L\u00e9ann na Reiligi\u00fan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c1d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c1d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fanann bun\u00fas an ainm Athene ina \u00e1bhar d\u00edosp\u00f3ireachta i gc\u00f3na\u00ed. Meastar go bhfuil bun\u00fas ind-eorpach neamhdh\u00f3ch\u00fail; measann formh\u00f3r na scol\u00e1ir\u00ed, ina measc Robert Beekes, gur th\u00e1inig s\u00e9 \u00f3 fhoinse r\u00e9amh-Ghr\u00e9agach, Aeig\u00e9ach. Aithn\u00edonn an L\u00edneach B t\u00e9arma \u00aba-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja\u00bb (\u00abBantiarna Athana\u00bb) in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"T\u00e9acs at\u00e1 greanta n\u00f3 snoite ar shubstaint bhuan.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscr\u00edbhinn<\/span> \u00f3 Knossos, rud a thugann le fios gur bandia cosanta chaisle\u00e1in n\u00f3 cathrach p\u00e1l\u00e1s \u00f3n gCr\u00e9-umhaois a bh\u00ed inti.<\/p><p>Chonaic Martin P. Nilsson in Athene pearsant\u00fa ar bhantiarna ph\u00e1l\u00e1s na Mic\u00e9ineach, a choinnigh a feidhm choga\u00edochta agus chearda\u00edochta le linn an aistrithe \u00f3n r\u00edthiacht r\u00e9 an ph\u00e1l\u00e1s go dt\u00ed reiligi\u00fan na polis.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d3 thaobh na compar\u00e1ide ind-eorpa\u00ed de, l\u00e9ir\u00edonn Athene cos\u00falachta\u00ed strucht\u00faracha leis an Minerva R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach (tr\u00ed idirghabh\u00e1il Etr\u00fascach) agus leis an Sarasvati Ind-\u00c1ir\u00edoch, a chosna\u00edonn si\u00fad freisin an eagna, an teanga agus na heala\u00edona. Ach is annamh at\u00e1 an nasc sonrach idir bantroda\u00ed, p\u00e1tr\u00fan ceirdeanna agus cosant\u00f3ir cathrach le f\u00e1il in \u00e1bhar compar\u00e1ide ind-eorpach, rud a thaca\u00edonn leis an tuairim gur dia sraithe Aeig\u00e9ach a bh\u00ed inti.<\/p><p>N\u00edor rangaigh Georges Dum\u00e9zil Athene go soil\u00e9ir laistigh d\u00e1 theoiric tr\u00edfheidhmeach: l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00ed gn\u00e9ithe de na tr\u00ed fheidhm uile, rud a bheadh neamhghn\u00e1ch ag <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Neach a nglactar leis mar dhia laistigh de reiligi\u00fan.\" tabindex=\"0\">dhiadacht<\/span> ind-eorpach ach a bhf\u00e9adfa\u00ed a bheith ag s\u00fail leis ag dia sraithe.<\/p>\n<p>Rinne Walter Burkert agus Jean-Pierre Vernant anail\u00eds ar an bhfreas\u00fara strucht\u00farach idir Athene agus Ares mar shamhail den chaoi ar rangaigh na Gr\u00e9agaigh an cogadh: seasann Athene don fhor\u00e9igean coga\u00edochta smachtaithe, bainteach leis an polis agus, ar deireadh, inr\u00e9itithe, agus seasann Ares don bhuile catha mheisci\u00fail a scaoileann an pobal \u00f3na ch\u00e9ile. Is eochair \u00ed an pholara\u00edocht seo chun eitic mh\u00edleata na Gr\u00e9ige a thuiscint.<\/p><p>Spreag t\u00e9is Joan Connelly (2014), gur l\u00e9irigh fr\u00edos an Parthenon n\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"M\u00f3rshi\u00fal soll\u00fanta reiligi\u00fanach.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00f3rshi\u00fal<\/span> na bPanaith\u00e9iniach ach \u00edobairt mhiotasach in\u00edonacha Erechtheus, d\u00edosp\u00f3ireacht nua faoi chl\u00e1r reiligi\u00fanach chultas st\u00e1it na hAithne. Cuireann taighde na mblianta le d\u00e9ana\u00ed b\u00e9im ar an gcoitinne ar fheidhm pholaiti\u00fail Athene mar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cdomh\u00e1 shoil\u00e9ir a sheasann do smaoineamh teib\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">shiombail<\/span> na f\u00e9inchinntitheachta daonlatha\u00ed san Aithin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3162f43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3162f43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb06698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb06698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Foins\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c02019 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c02019\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>H\u00f3im\u00e9ar, \u00abIliad\u00bb (go h\u00e1irithe V, XV, XX go XXII) agus \u00abOdais\u00e9\u00bb (go h\u00e1irithe I, V, XIII). Hesiod, \u00abTheogony\u00bb 886 go 900 agus 924 go 926. Apallad\u00f3ras, \u00abBibliotheke\u00bb, III, 14 (an t-aighneas faoi Attica, Erichthonios).<\/p><p>Pausanias, \u00abCur s\u00edos ar an nGr\u00e9ig\u00bb, I, 24 go 28 (an Acrapoil); Heiroideatas, \u00abStair\u00bb, IV, 180 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1n na ngn\u00edomhartha adhartha reiligi\u00fanacha do dhia n\u00f3 do neach naofa.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultas<\/span> Athene sa Libia). \u00d3ivid, \u00abMeiteamorf\u00f3is\u00bb, VI, 5 go 145 (Arachne) agus IV, 798 go 803 (Meidi\u00fasa).<\/p><p>\u00d3ivid, \u00abFasti\u00bb III, 809 go 848 (Quinquatrus). P\u00edndar, Oda\u00ed Oilimpeacha VII. Euripides, \u00abIon\u00bb agus \u00abMn\u00e1 na Traoi\u00bb.<\/p><p>Walter Burkert, \u00abGriechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche\u00bb, Stuttgart 1977. Karl Ker\u00e9nyi, \u00abDie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ioml\u00e1n na sc\u00e9alta miotas\u00fala faoi dh\u00e9ithe at\u00e1 tugtha anuas i gcult\u00far.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span> der Griechen\u00bb, Z\u00fcrich 1951. Jean-Pierre Vernant, \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sc\u00e9al traidisi\u00fanta faoi dh\u00e9ithe, faoi bhun\u00fas agus faoi ord an domhain.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythos<\/span> und Gesellschaft im alten Griechenland\u00bb, Frankfurt am Main 1987. Joan Breton Connelly, \u00abThe Parthenon Enigma\u00bb, New York 2014.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2982,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ath\u00e9ine","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ath\u00e9ine \u2013 Bandia na Gaoise, Coimirceoir na hAithne | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Is \u00ed Ath\u00e9ine bandia na gaoise, na strait\u00e9ise agus na cearda\u00edochta, a rugadh \u00f3 cheann Zeus. 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