{"id":188577,"date":"2026-09-07T03:36:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=188577"},"modified":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","slug":"papatuanuku-mathair-na-talamh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/papatuanuku-mathair-na-talamh\/","title":{"rendered":"Papat\u016b\u0101nuku \u2013 m\u00e1thair na talamh i gcosmeola\u00edocht na Maorach"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Papatuanuku\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Papat\u016b\u0101nuku \u2013 m\u00e1thair na talamh i saolthuiscint na Maorach<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bandia<\/span>Polain\u00e9iseach \/ Maorach<\/a>M\u00e1thair na Talamh<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Is \u00ed Papat\u016b\u0101nuku m\u00e1thair na talamh i chosmeola\u00edocht<\/span> na Maorach. L\u00e9i f\u00e9in agus le Ranginui, athair na bhflaitheas, crutha\u00edonn s\u00ed an bunl\u00e1n\u00fain, agus \u00f3na nglacadh dl\u00fath teacht chun cinn na d\u00e9ithe agus gach n\u00ed beo. Is \u00e9 a scaradh \u00f3 Ranginui, ag l\u00e1mh a gclann mac comhchoiteann, pr\u00edomhmhiotas cruthaithe na Maorach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Is ionann Papat\u016b\u0101nuku m\u00e1thair na talamh i saolthuiscint<\/strong> Pholain\u00e9iseach, agus crutha\u00edonn s\u00ed, le Ranginui, an l\u00e1n\u00fain r\u00e9amhstairi\u00fail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Rang\u00fa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tugtar Papa go minic ar Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, agus is \u00ed an talamh f\u00e9in \u00ed i chosmeola\u00edocht<\/span> na Maorach, \u00e1 samhl\u00fa mar bhunfhoirm bhaininscneach agus mar mh\u00e1thair. Baineann s\u00ed leis an gc\u00e9ad ghl\u00fain de chumhachta\u00ed pearsanaithe a th\u00e1inig chun cinn tar \u00e9is chruth\u00fa miotasach an chosmais. In \u00e9ineacht le Ranginui, athair na sp\u00e9ire, is \u00ed an bunl\u00e1n\u00fain \u00ed \u00f3na dtagann na d\u00e9ithe, r\u00e9ims\u00ed an d\u00falra agus na daoine.<\/p>

I gcreideamh Pholain\u00e9is \/ na Maorach<\/a>, n\u00ed dia i bhfad i gc\u00e9in \u00ed Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, ach dia-n\u00e1d\u00far<\/span> a mbraitear i gc\u00f3na\u00ed \u00ed mar r\u00e9altacht: is \u00ed an talamh at\u00e1 faoin\u00e1r gcosa \u00ed, an t\u00edr a chotha\u00edonn, agus an talamh a bhfilleann na mairbh uirthi.<\/p>

\u00d3 thaobh na reiligi\u00faneola\u00edochta de, baineann s\u00ed leis an gcine\u00e1l coitianta de mh\u00e1thair na tal\u00fan a chrutha\u00edonn l\u00e1n\u00fain chosmach le hathair na sp\u00e9ire. Casann an m\u00f3it\u00edf<\/span> seo linn i go leor miotaseola\u00edochta\u00ed na Polain\u00e9ise agus n\u00edos faide anonn f\u00f3s.<\/p>

Is sainthr\u00e9ith de chuid chosmeola\u00edocht<\/span> na Maorach nach as neamhn\u00ed a crutha\u00edodh an domhan, ach go bhforbra\u00edtear \u00e9 tr\u00ed ghl\u00fanta.<\/p>

Seasann Papat\u016b\u0101nuku ag t\u00fas an tsraith ghinealais seo, an whakapapa<\/em>. Nascann an l\u00edne shinsearachta seo d\u00e9ithe, talamh agus daoine in aon ord amh\u00e1in gaoil, ina bhfuil an duine gaolmhar leis an d\u00falra agus laistigh de, seachas os a chionn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ainm agus Sanasa\u00edocht<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Is ainm cumaisc \u00e9 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku. Tagra\u00edonn an eilimint papa<\/em> sa Mhaorais do dhromchla leathan s\u00ednte, do shraith n\u00f3 do dhomhan na tal\u00fan. Deirtear go mbaineann an chuid eile den ainm le t\u016b<\/em>, seasamh n\u00f3 bheith daingean, agus nuku<\/em>, leithne n\u00f3 fairsinge. Is f\u00e9idir an t-ainm a l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa mar an dromchla tal\u00fan leathan, s\u00ednte agus daingean.<\/p>

Is minic a fheictear an fhoirm ghairid Papa, a \u00fas\u00e1idtear sa chuid is m\u00f3 de na sc\u00e9alta. Chomh maith leis sin, castar orainn leasainmneacha on\u00f3racha agus tuairisci\u00fala a shain\u00edonn Papat\u016b\u0101nuku mar mh\u00e1thair chothaithe agus mar bhun\u00fas gach saoil. I dtraidisi\u00fain \u00e1irithe, tugtar uirthi le hainmneacha a chuireann b\u00e9im ar a r\u00f3l mar ghlacad\u00f3ir na marbh.<\/p>

T\u00e1 t\u00e1bhacht ag baint leis an dl\u00fathnasc idir ainm agus \u00e1bhar i smaointeoireacht na Maorach: is \u00ed an talamh f\u00e9in \u00ed Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, seachas dia-n\u00e1d\u00far<\/span> a riala\u00edonn os cionn na tal\u00fan.<\/p>

Ainmn\u00edonn an t-ainm mar sin idir fhigi\u00far phearsanta agus r\u00e9altacht fhisici\u00fail ag an am c\u00e9anna. Baineann an d\u00e9-chiall ch\u00e9anna le Ranginui, an sp\u00e9ir. Faightear ainmneacha gaolmhara do fhigi\u00fair\u00ed na tal\u00fan agus na sp\u00e9ire i dteangacha eile Polain\u00e9ise, rud a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn stoc coiteann miotaseola\u00edoch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cur s\u00edos agus foirmeacha l\u00e9irithe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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L\u00e9ir\u00edtear Papat\u016b\u0101nuku mar fhigi\u00far mn\u00e1 ina lu\u00ed, agus is \u00ed an t\u00edrdhreach a corp. Meastar gur cuid d\u00e1 corp iad na sl\u00e9ibhte, na machair\u00ed, na haibhneacha agus na coillte; is \u00ed an talamh torth\u00fail an bolg a chotha\u00edonn.<\/p>

Sa dearcadh seo, is teagmh\u00e1il leis an m\u00e1thair tal\u00fan gach taith\u00ed ar an talamh. Nochtann s\u00ed i mbuaine bhuan an domhain f\u00e9in, seachas i bhfoirmeacha athraitheacha mar a dh\u00e9anann dia caimil\u00e9ireachta.<\/p>

Sna sc\u00e9alta faoin t\u00fas, lu\u00edonn Papat\u016b\u0101nuku i mbarr\u00f3g dhl\u00fath le Ranginui. As an gceangal seo tagann a clann, a mhaireann faoi cheilt sa dorchadas idir choirp na dtuismitheoir\u00ed. Tar \u00e9is an scaradh, fanann Papat\u016b\u0101nuku th\u00edos, ag f\u00e9achaint suas ar an sp\u00e9ir. \u00c9ir\u00edonn a cumha don ch\u00e9ile scartha ina \u00edomh\u00e1 bhuan sa traidisi\u00fan<\/span>.<\/p>

Is iad f\u00edochmhaireachta\u00ed Papat\u016b\u0101nukur na feinim\u00e9in nithi\u00fala den t\u00edr: an ceo ag \u00e9ir\u00ed os cionn tal\u00fan fliuch, a l\u00e9irmh\u00edn\u00edtear mar a hosna\u00edl, na foins\u00ed teo agus tine bholc\u00e1nach istigh sa talamh, an f\u00e1sra f\u00e1s\u00fail a chrutha\u00edonn a corp.<\/p>

De r\u00e9ir traidisi\u00fain<\/span> forleathan, is as an gcr\u00e9 dhearg a crutha\u00edodh an duine f\u00e9in freisin, is \u00e9 sin le r\u00e1, go d\u00edreach as \u00e1bhar Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, agus filleann s\u00e9 uirthi ag am an bh\u00e1is.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Miotaseola\u00edocht agus Traidisi\u00fan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Is \u00e9 an miotas<\/span> l\u00e1rnach faoi Papat\u016b\u0101nuku scaradh na tuismitheoir\u00ed bunaidh. Ag an t\u00fas, t\u00e1 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku agus Ranginui i muin\u00edn a ch\u00e9ile chomh dl\u00fath sin nach bhfanann aon sp\u00e1s eatarthu.<\/p>

Maireann a gclann, mic dh\u00e9ithi\u00fala chumhachtacha, sa ch\u00fangracht agus sa dorchadas idir na tuismitheoir\u00ed, agus pl\u00e9ann siad conas solas agus sp\u00e1s a bhaint amach. Smaoin\u00edonn siad ar a dtuismitheoir\u00ed a mhar\u00fa, ach socra\u00edonn siad ar an deighilt ina \u00e1it.<\/p>

D\u00e9anann mac amh\u00e1in i ndiaidh a ch\u00e9ile iarracht neamh agus talamh a scaradh \u00f3na ch\u00e9ile, agus teipeann orthu. Sa deireadh, is \u00e9 T\u0101ne, dia na foraois\u00ed, a \u00e9ir\u00edonn leis: br\u00fann s\u00e9 a dhroim in aghaidh na tal\u00fan agus a chosa in aghaidh na bhflaitheas, agus arda\u00edonn s\u00e9 Ranginui suas ar an d\u00f3igh sin.<\/p>

N\u00ed ann don saol solais, ina bhfuil an bheatha f\u00e9ideartha, go dt\u00ed sin. N\u00edl mac eile, T\u0101whirim\u0101tea, dia na stoirmeacha, s\u00e1sta leis an deighilt agus t\u00e9ann s\u00e9 suas chuig a athair, agus \u00f3 shin i leith seolann s\u00e9 gaoth agus stoirmeacha in aghaidh a dhearth\u00e1ireacha.<\/p>

Fanann an deighilt pianmhar don d\u00e1 thuismitheoir. Caoineann Ranginui, agus is \u00e9 a dheora an fhearthainn agus an dr\u00facht; seolann Papat\u016b\u00e1nuku a osna suas mar cheo ag ard\u00fa. M\u00edn\u00edonn an d\u00fail fhrithph\u00e1irteach seo, san miotas<\/span>, an nasc s\u00edora\u00ed athnuaite idir neamh agus talamh tr\u00ed fhearthainn agus ceo.<\/p>

Ins\u00edonn cuntas an chruthaithe, a scr\u00edobh an scol\u00e1ire Te Rangik\u0101heke sa 19\u00fa haois do George Grey, faoin deighilt seo freisin, agus is \u00e9 seo an leagan is aitheanta. T\u00e1, \u00e1mh, \u00e9ags\u00falachta\u00ed r\u00e9igi\u00fanacha iomad\u00fala ann, ina bhfuil ord, d\u00e9ithe at\u00e1 p\u00e1irteach, agus mionsonra\u00ed difri\u00fala.<\/p>

Roimh mhiotas na deighilte, i m\u00f3r\u00e1n traidisi\u00fan, t\u00e1 sraith de st\u00e1ideanna domhanda ann a fhorbra\u00edonn roimh an Mh\u00e1thair Tal\u00fan. Ligeann cuntas Te Rangik\u0101heke do sheicheamh ginealais dul roimh an bhreith phearsanta, ina n-eascra\u00edonn o\u00edche, cuardach agus smaoineamh de r\u00e9ir a ch\u00e9ile \u00f3n neamhn\u00ed agus \u00f3n fhol\u00fas, sula dtagann Papat\u016b\u00e1nuku agus Ranginui i l\u00e1thair.<\/p>

Seasann an Mh\u00e1thair Tal\u00fan, d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin, mar an ch\u00e9ad fhigi\u00far sofhoghlaimeach ag an trasn\u00fa \u00f3 bhunstaid neamhroinnte go domhan ord\u00fail, n\u00ed go hioml\u00e1n ag an t\u00fas f\u00e9in.<\/p>

Baineann cinni\u00faint na gclann tar \u00e9is na deighilte leis an miotas<\/span> freisin. Lorga\u00edonn T\u0101ne, an duine a scar na tuismitheoir\u00ed \u00f3na ch\u00e9ile, an eilimint bhaineann ina dhiaidh sin chun an chine dhaonna a ghini\u00faint, agus, de r\u00e9ir an sc\u00e9al is coitianta, crutha\u00edonn s\u00e9 an ch\u00e9ad bhean \u00f3n chr\u00e9 rua, is \u00e9 sin, \u00f3 \u00e1bhar Papat\u016b\u00e1nuku f\u00e9in.<\/p>

D\u00fantar an ciorcal ar an d\u00f3igh sin: eascra\u00edonn an duine go d\u00edreach \u00f3 chorp na M\u00e1thar Tal\u00fan, agus t\u00e9ann an whakapapa gan bhriseadh uaithi tr\u00ed na d\u00e9ithe go dt\u00ed na treibheanna at\u00e1 ina mbeatha inniu.<\/p>

T\u00e1 ainmneacha ar leith ag Iwi \u00e1irithe, mar shampla i r\u00e9igi\u00fan Taranaki n\u00f3 ar an ch\u00f3sta thoir, ar na figi\u00fair\u00ed at\u00e1 p\u00e1irteach, agus cuireann gach ceann acu b\u00e9im ar mhic dhifri\u00fala mar phr\u00edomhcharachtair na hachta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cultas agus adhradh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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N\u00ed raibh teampall<\/span> ar bith ag na Maoraigh, n\u00e1 aicme sagart bhuan do Papat\u016b\u00e1nuku, sa chiall a bhaineann le pobail chreidimh eagraithe. Bh\u00ed a h\u00f3m\u00f3s leabaithe i gc\u00f3ras deasghn\u00e1tha cuimsitheach a rialaigh an caidreamh idir an duine agus an talamh. Bh\u00ed an coincheap tapu<\/em> l\u00e1rnach ann, an dosh\u00e1raitheacht dheasghn\u00e1ch a bhaineann le h\u00e1iteanna, gn\u00edomhartha agus amanna \u00e1irithe, agus a fhrithchoincheap noa<\/em>, an staid choitianta.<\/p>

L\u00e9irigh an \u00f3m\u00f3s do Papat\u016b\u00e1nuku \u00e9 f\u00e9in i bpaidreacha, na karakia<\/em>, a deirt\u00ed roimh an talamh a shaothr\u00fa, roimh ghlanadh talaimh, roimh chur agus roimh fh\u00f3mhar. An duine a chuir isteach ar an talamh, d’aithin s\u00e9 ar an d\u00f3igh sin go raibh s\u00e9 ag pl\u00e9 leis an M\u00e1thair Tal\u00fan, agus d’iarr s\u00e9 a dea-thoil.<\/p>

Ag obair th\u00e1bhachtach, tugta\u00ed ofr\u00e1lacha na ch\u00e9ad toraidh. Nasc breith agus b\u00e1s an duine go dl\u00fath le Papat\u016b\u00e1nuku: tugta\u00ed an chonablach, a dtugtar whenua<\/em> air freisin sa Maorais mar an focal don talamh, ar ais don talamh, agus tugta\u00ed na mairbh faoi c\u00faram Papat\u00fa\u00e1nuku.<\/p>

San am i l\u00e1thair, t\u00e1 t\u00e1bhacht phoibl\u00ed nua faighte ag \u00f3m\u00f3s Papat\u00fa\u00e1nuku. Glaoitear uirthi in \u00f3r\u00e1id\u00ed ar an marae<\/em>, an \u00e1it tion\u00f3il, i mbeann\u00fa don talamh, agus in searmanais a chuireann in i\u00fal caidreamh freagrachta don chomhshaol. Nascann seo an smaoineamh \u00e1rsa faoin nasc gaolmhaireachta leis an talamh le c\u00faraim\u00ed reatha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cleachtas Cosanta agus Nithe Apotr\u00f3pacha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Is l\u00fa go bhfuil cosaint a bhaineann le Papat\u016b\u00e1nuku ina cosaint ar olc n\u00e1 gur caomhn\u00fa \u00e9 ar ord ceart. N\u00ed m\u00f3r don duine a mhaireann ar chorp na M\u00e1thar Tal\u00fan, agus a bheatha\u00edonn \u00e9 f\u00e9in uaithi, an chothroma\u00edocht idir cur isteach agus \u00f3m\u00f3s a chothabh\u00e1il. M\u00e1 sh\u00e1ra\u00edtear an ord seo, mar shampla tr\u00ed h\u00e1it tapu a mh\u00edthreor\u00fa, t\u00e1 cont\u00fairt, tinneas, n\u00f3 d\u00edoth\u00fa na torth\u00falachta ann.<\/p>

Ba \u00e9 an cleachtas cosanta, d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin, urraim cheart do tapu, den chuid is m\u00f3, agus na karakia lena raibh gn\u00edomhartha cont\u00fairteacha \u00e1 n-urr\u00fa go deasghn\u00e1tha<\/span>.<\/p>

Bh\u00ed foirml\u00ed timpeall ar ghlanadh coill, ar chur gaird\u00edn, n\u00f3 ar adhlacadh mairbh, a bh\u00ed ceaptha an duine a chosaint \u00f3 iarmhairt\u00ed an chur isteach ar chorp Papat\u00fa\u00e1nuku. Measadh \u00e1iteanna \u00e1irithe a bheith go h\u00e1irithe cumhachtach agus seachna\u00edt\u00ed iad, n\u00f3 n\u00ed th\u00e9it\u00ed isteach iontu ach le r\u00e9amhch\u00faraim\u00ed.<\/p>

Bh\u00ed r\u00f3l t\u00e1bhachtach ag cleachtas an r\u0101hui<\/em>, cosc sealadach, lenar baineadh limist\u00e9ar, ceantar iascaireachta, n\u00f3 coill \u00f3n \u00fas\u00e1id. Chosain an r\u0101hui an acmhainn agus na daoine ag an am gc\u00e9anna, \u00f3ir chosc s\u00e9 an r\u00f3-\u00fas\u00e1id agus chuir s\u00e9 an caidreamh leis an talamh ar ais i gcothroma\u00edocht.<\/p>

\u00d3 thaobh na staideire reiligi\u00fain, l\u00e9ir\u00edonn seo go bhfuil cosaint i machnamh na Maoraigh d\u00edrithe ar chaidreamh agus ar mheasarthacht, n\u00ed ar r\u00e9ada dra\u00edochta. Bh\u00ed feidhm ag clocha teorann agus \u00e1iteanna marc\u00e1ilte freisin, n\u00ed mar shlonn, ach mar chuimhne infheice\u00e1lach ar an ord deasghn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Whakapapa agus an \u00e1it sa dearcadh domhanda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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N\u00ed f\u00e9idir Papat\u016b\u0101nuku a thuiscint ach i gcomhth\u00e9acs an whakapapa<\/em>, an eagra\u00edocht ghinealais a iompra\u00edonn dearcadh domhanda ioml\u00e1n na M\u0101ori. Is m\u00f3 go m\u00f3r an whakapapa n\u00e1 liosta sinsear: is modh smaointeoireachta \u00e9 a chuireann gach n\u00ed at\u00e1 ann in ord l\u00edne\u00e1lach sliochta.<\/p>

B\u00edonn sl\u00e9ibhte, aibhneacha, planda\u00ed, ainmhithe, d\u00e9ithe agus daoine i gcaidrimh ghaolmhaireachta inaitheanta laistigh de. T\u00e1 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku, san ord seo, ar cheann de na ch\u00e9idhr\u00e9achta\u00ed is luaithe is f\u00e9idir a ainmni\u00fa, agus mar sin is sinsear coiteann \u00ed ag gach n\u00ed a ch\u00f3na\u00edonn ar an talamh.<\/p>

Eascra\u00edonn iarmhairt\u00ed praitici\u00fala \u00f3n seasamh seo. Faigheann treibh, iwi<\/em>, a f\u00e9ini\u00falacht \u00f3 shliabh, abhainn agus limist\u00e9ar talaimh ar leith, agus ainmn\u00edonn siad iad seo sa r\u00e9amhr\u00e1iteas foirmi\u00falach f\u00e9ini\u00fail, an pepeha<\/em>. Leis sin, glaonn siad ar Papat\u016b\u0101nuku freisin, \u00f3ir is codanna d\u00e1 corp f\u00e9in an sliabh agus an abhainn.<\/p>

N\u00ed gaol \u00fain\u00e9ireachta \u00e9 an caidreamh leis an talamh d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin, ach gaol muinteartha a bhuna\u00edonn cearta agus dualgais araon.<\/p>

Rud suntasach \u00f3 thaobh na scol\u00e1ireachta de is ea nach f\u00e9idir an cosmeola\u00edocht<\/span> a scaradh \u00f3n ord s\u00f3isialta. M\u00edn\u00edonn an miotas cruthaithe faoin Mh\u00e1thair Talaimh bun\u00fas an domhain agus buna\u00edonn s\u00e9 freisin an ceangal at\u00e1 idir gach pobal agus a thalamh cinnte f\u00e9in.<\/p>

T\u00e9arma\u00ed ar n\u00f3s kaitiakitanga<\/em>, an fhreagracht ch\u00faraim ar cheantar, agus mana whenua<\/em>, an \u00fadar\u00e1s a eascra\u00edonn \u00f3n ceangal talaimh, n\u00ed f\u00e9idir iad a thuiscint gan an tuiscint ar an M\u00e1thair Talaimh ghaolmhar. T\u00e1 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin ina bunfhigi\u00far cosmeola\u00edoch agus ina bonn d’ord s\u00f3isialta ag an am c\u00e9anna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cos\u00falachta\u00ed i gcult\u00fair eile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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T\u00e1 an bhunl\u00e1n\u00fain de mh\u00e1thair na tal\u00fan agus athair na sp\u00e9ire coitianta ar fud na Polain\u00e9ise. In Hav\u00e1\u00ed, i r\u00e9igi\u00fan Oile\u00e1in an Chomhlathais agus in \u00e1iteanna eile, castar orainn figi\u00fair\u00ed agus sc\u00e9alta gaolmhara faoi scaradh na sp\u00e9ire agus na tal\u00fan. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn na cos\u00falachta\u00ed seo stoc coiteann miotas Polain\u00e9iseach a leathnaigh le socr\u00fa an Aig\u00e9in Chi\u00fain.<\/p>

Lasmuigh den Pholain\u00e9is, baineann Papat\u016b\u0101nuku leis an gcine\u00e1l de mh\u00e1thair na tal\u00fan at\u00e1 deimhnithe ar fud an domhain. I thraidisi\u00fan<\/span> na Gr\u00e9ige, crutha\u00edonn Gaia l\u00e1n\u00fain inchompar\u00e1ide leis an sp\u00e9ir Uranos, agus a nasc dl\u00fath \u00e1 scaradh go for\u00e9igneach ag a gclann, m\u00f3it\u00edf<\/span> at\u00e1 gar go suntasach \u00f3 thaobh strucht\u00fair don sc\u00e9al Maorach.<\/p>

I go leor miotaseola\u00edochta\u00ed eile freisin, nochtann an talamh mar mh\u00e1thair chothaithe agus an sp\u00e9ir mar athair ginte.<\/p>

\u00d3 thaobh na heola\u00edochta de, n\u00ed m\u00f3r a chur i bhf\u00e1th nach l\u00e9ir\u00edonn na cos\u00falachta\u00ed seo teagmh\u00e1il dh\u00edreach. A mhalairt, l\u00e9ir\u00edonn siad gur ceann de na patr\u00fain l\u00e9irmh\u00ednithe is coitianta i gcosmeola\u00edocht an duine \u00e9 an sp\u00e9ir agus an talamh a bheith mar chontr\u00e1rthacht bhun\u00fasach agus mar l\u00e1n\u00fain ghinte ag an am c\u00e9anna.<\/p>

T\u00e1 difr\u00edocht idir leagan na Maorach agus na leaganacha eile go h\u00e1irithe de bharr an chomhth\u00e1thaithe leis an whakapapa, an t-ord ginealais a nascann d\u00e9ithe, talamh agus daoine gan bhriseadh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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L\u00e9irthuiscint agus taighde an lae inniu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Thosaigh an staid\u00e9ar scol\u00e1rtha ar Papat\u016b\u0101nuku sa 19\u00fa haois le baili\u00fach\u00e1in George Grey agus le saothair eitneagrafa\u00edochta fhairsinge Elsdon Best, a dhoicim\u00e9adaigh reiligi\u00fan na M\u0101ori i staid\u00e9ir mhionsonraithe.<\/p>

Chuir Edward Tregear focl\u00f3ir compar\u00e1ideach ar f\u00e1il a l\u00e9irigh na naisc Pholain\u00e9iseacha. Rinne scol\u00e1ir\u00ed n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed, mar Margaret Orbell, na miotais a ch\u00f3ras\u00fa agus a mh\u00edni\u00fa go critici\u00fail agus l\u00e9irigh siad ilghn\u00e9itheacht na traidisi\u00fan r\u00e9igi\u00fanach.<\/p>

Ba cheart l\u00e9amh ar an taighde is sine a dh\u00e9anamh go c\u00faramach, \u00f3s rud \u00e9 gur minic a rinne eagarth\u00f3ir\u00ed coil\u00edneachta na sc\u00e9alta a aont\u00fa, a mhaol\u00fa agus a chur in oiri\u00faint do choincheapa Eorpacha.<\/p>

Tr\u00edd an fhoilseach\u00e1n a rinne Grey, th\u00e1inig tuairisc chruthaithe Te Rangik\u0101hekes chun bheith mar an leagan a shamhla\u00edtear \u00fadar\u00e1sach, c\u00e9 nach raibh ann ach ceann d’iliomad traidisi\u00fan treibhe. Cuireann taighde nua-aimseartha b\u00e9im, d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin, ar an ilghn\u00e9itheacht treibhe agus ar ghuthanna na M\u0101ori f\u00e9in a l\u00e9iri\u00fa.<\/p>

Sa l\u00e1 at\u00e1 inniu ann, t\u00e1 Papat\u016b\u0101nuku i l\u00e1thair go m\u00f3r lasmuigh den traidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach. T\u00e1 s\u00ed tar \u00e9is a bheith ina figi\u00far l\u00e1rnach den fh\u00e9ini\u00falacht chult\u00fartha agus glaotar uirthi in oideachas, eala\u00edn agus \u00f3r\u00e1id\u00ed poibl\u00ed.<\/p>

Fuair an coincheap aird ar leith i mbeartas comhshaoil na Nua-Sh\u00e9alainne: aithn\u00edonn an t-aithint dl\u00edthi\u00fail ar aibhneacha agus t\u00edrdhreacha mar ch\u00e9imeanna neamhsple\u00e1cha a bhfuil cearta acu go sonrach an tuiscint gur corp gaolmhar an talamh agus nach seilbh amh\u00e1in \u00e9. Mar sin, t\u00e1 an miotas<\/span> \u00e1rsa den Mh\u00e1thair Talaimh ag oibri\u00fa i gcomhth\u00e9acsanna s\u00f3isialta nua.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Litr\u00edocht (rogha)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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