{"id":188561,"date":"2026-09-07T03:36:33","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=188561"},"modified":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:39:33","slug":"manes-spioraid-marbh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ga\/manes-spioraid-marbh\/","title":{"rendered":"Manes \u2013 na spioraid dhiaga na marbh"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Manes\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Di Manes \u2013 spioraid na marbh sa reiligi\u00fan R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Spioraid na Marbh<\/span>An R\u00f3imh<\/a>Spioraid Sinsear<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nDo na R\u00f3mh\u00e1naigh, ba iad na Manes (sa Laidin: Di Manes) na spioraid dhiaga na marbh, d\u00e1r tugadh \u00f3m\u00f3s diaga. Mh\u00fanlaigh a chultas<\/span> an chaoi ar caitheadh leis na mairbh \u00f3n Phoblacht luath go dt\u00ed na c\u00e9adta bliana d’R\u00e9 na Impireachta. Meastar go raibh na Manes ina neacha cosanta don teaghlach, agus ghlaoit\u00ed orthu i deasghn\u00e1tha teaghlaigh ar n\u00f3s Lemuria agus Parentalia.\nMar spioraid na marbh sa reiligi\u00fan R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach, tugadh \u00f3m\u00f3s do na Manes tr\u00ed dheasghn\u00e1tha teaghlaigh ar n\u00f3s Lemuria agus Parentalia.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Rang\u00fa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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T\u00e1 na Di Manes<\/em>, n\u00f3 na Manes go hachomair, ar cheann de na bunchoincheapa sa reiligi\u00fan R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach. Leis an t\u00e9arma seo thagair na R\u00f3mh\u00e1naigh do spioraid na marbh, a chuaigh, tar \u00e9is an bh\u00e1is, isteach i staid chomhchoiteann a mheastar a bheith diaga.<\/p>

Murab ionann le reiligi\u00fain eile, n\u00ed raibh coincheap chinni\u00faint an duine aonair tar \u00e9is an bh\u00e1is m\u00f3r\u00e1n forbartha sa R\u00f3imh. N\u00ed ar an anam aonair a bh\u00ed an bh\u00e9im, ach ar ioml\u00e1n na marbh, a raibh dualgas c\u00faraim agus \u00f3m\u00f3is ag daoine d\u00f3ibh.<\/p>

\u00d3 thaobh na staire reiligi\u00fanda, is sampla iad na Manes den nasc dl\u00fath idir teaghlach, cuimhne agus reiligi\u00fan sa R\u00f3imh. Ba dhualgas ar an chlann bheo aire a thabhairt do na mairbh, agus measta\u00ed gur teip reiligi\u00fanda agus sh\u00f3isialta a bh\u00ed i neamhaird orthu. Bh\u00ed cultas na Manes fite fuaite go dl\u00fath i strucht\u00far an teaghlaigh agus a lean\u00fanachas.<\/p>

Bh\u00ed gaol athraitheach idir na Manes agus cumhachta\u00ed eile an domhain thall sa saol R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach<\/a>, ar n\u00f3s na Lares agus na Larvae agus na Lemures a mheastar a bheith m\u00ed-\u00e1mharach.<\/p>

C\u00e9 gur l\u00e9ir\u00edodh na Manes go hiond\u00fail mar fhaighteoir\u00ed \u00f3m\u00f3is a bh\u00ed de dhualgas, d’fh\u00e9adfa\u00ed a shamhl\u00fa go raibh mairbh gan adhlacadh n\u00f3 a bh\u00ed faillithe ina spioraid neamhshuaimhneacha, cont\u00fairteacha. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an leithead sin t\u00e1bhacht na ceartchaoinseach leis an bh\u00e1s i meon na R\u00f3imhe.<\/p>

\u00d3 thaobh na teanga agus an dl\u00ed, bh\u00ed na Manes fite fuaite go daingean i saol poibl\u00ed na R\u00f3imhe. Bh\u00ed for\u00e1lacha maidir le dl\u00ed na hadhlactha sna Dl\u00edthe an D\u00e1 Dh\u00e9ag T\u00e1bla, an dl\u00ed R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach scr\u00edofa is sine, rud a chosain go hind\u00edreach r\u00e9imse na marbh.<\/p>

Feictear an t\u00e9arma Di Manes i bhform\u00falacha coisricthe, i inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed uaigheanna agus i dteanga dhl\u00edthi\u00fail araon, rud a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn c\u00e9 chomh n\u00e1d\u00fartha agus a bh\u00ed an coincheap seo tr\u00edd an gcomhphobal ioml\u00e1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ainm agus Sanasa\u00edocht<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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N\u00ed \u00fas\u00e1idtear an t\u00e9arma Manes<\/em> ach san iolra, agus is minic a bhaintear leas as an leagan Di Manes<\/em>, na d\u00e9ithe maithe. Nasc l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa teanga na seaniarsma\u00ed<\/span> an focal seo le sean-aidiacht Laidine manus<\/em>, a bh\u00ed ag ciall\u00fa maith.<\/p>

D\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin, bheadh Di Manes<\/em> go litri\u00fail ina dh\u00e9ithe maithe, ainm sochreidmheach a bh\u00ed tipici\u00fail den chaoi ch\u00faramach a chaith na R\u00f3mh\u00e1naigh le r\u00e9imse an bh\u00e1is.<\/p>

T\u00e1 an l\u00e9irmh\u00edni\u00fa seo mar ainm maolaitheach suntasach \u00f3 thaobh na staire reiligi\u00fanda. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00e9 go ndeachaigh na R\u00f3mh\u00e1naigh i ngleic leis na mairbh le measc\u00e1n urraim agus eagla, agus gur sheachnaigh siad iad a ainmni\u00fa go d\u00edreach mar bhagairt. Faightear strait\u00e9is\u00ed sochreidmheach cos\u00fala i r\u00e9ims\u00ed \u00edogaire eile den reiligi\u00fan \u00e1rsa.<\/p>

T\u00e1 dl\u00fathbhaint ag na Manes leis an bandia Mania<\/em>, a fheictear sna foins\u00ed uaireanta mar mh\u00e1thair n\u00f3 mar bhean feidhme na Manes. Anseo freisin, t\u00e1 an gaol beacht doil\u00e9ir.<\/p>

Is t\u00e1bhachtach go bhfanann an t\u00e9arma Manes<\/em> comhchoiteann. Fi\u00fa nuair a thagra\u00edtear \u00e9 do dhuine aonair a bh\u00e1saigh, mar shampla i bhform\u00falacha uaighe, ainmn\u00edtear \u00e9 mar chuid d’ioml\u00e1n na marbh, seachas mar anam aonair scoite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cur s\u00edos agus \u00cdoc\u00f3nagrafa\u00edocht<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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N\u00ed raibh cruth \u00edomh\u00e1ineach seasta ag na Manes. Murab ionann leis na Lares, a l\u00e9ir\u00edodh mar fhigi\u00fair\u00ed ag damhsa, d’fhan na Manes gan chruth den chuid is m\u00f3. In ionad dealbha i sanct\u00f3ir an t\u00ed, coinn\u00edodh iad i l\u00e1thair tr\u00ed an uaigh, an inscr\u00edbhinn uaigheanna, agus an gn\u00edomha\u00edocht dheasghn\u00e1ch.<\/p>

An lorg infheictear is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed den chreideamh sna Manes is \u00ed an inscr\u00edbhinn uaigheanna. Tosa\u00edonn cuid mh\u00f3r clocha uaigheanna R\u00f3mh\u00e1nacha leis an fhoirmle D M<\/em> n\u00f3 D M S<\/em>, giorr\u00fach\u00e1n ar Dis Manibus<\/em> n\u00f3 Dis Manibus Sacrum<\/em>, coisricthe<\/span> do Manes an duine a bh\u00e1saigh.<\/p>

Rinne an tiomn\u00fa seo ionad reiligi\u00fanda den uaigh, agus chuir s\u00e9 an duine a bh\u00e1saigh faoi chosaint agus i gcomhluadar na Manes.<\/p>

Sna c\u00e1sanna ina l\u00e9ir\u00edtear na mairbh go h\u00edomh\u00e1ineach, mar shampla i gcuntais liteartha ar thaibhs\u00ed, is minic a shamhla\u00edtear iad mar fhigi\u00fair\u00ed b\u00e1naithe, sc\u00e1th\u00fala. I deasghn\u00e1tha o\u00edche Lemuria, seachna\u00edodh d’aon ghn\u00f3 f\u00e9achaint ar na spioraid neamhshuaimhneacha; go h\u00e1irithe, ba ch\u00f3ir gan s\u00fail a leagan orthu.<\/p>

Is \u00edoc\u00f3nagrafa\u00edocht na h\u00e1ite agus na scr\u00edbhneoireachta \u00ed \u00edoc\u00f3nagrafa\u00edocht na Manes den chuid is m\u00f3, seachas \u00edoc\u00f3nagrafa\u00edocht na h\u00edomh\u00e1. Ba iad an t-uaigheann, an ceantar uaighe agus an tiomn\u00fa greanta a bhfoirm l\u00e9irithe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Insint\u00ed miotaseola\u00edocha agus traidisi\u00fan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Is l\u00fa a bhaineann na Manes le sc\u00e9alta n\u00e1 le deasghn\u00e1tha. Mar sin f\u00e9in, t\u00e1 traidisi\u00fan<\/span> liteartha saibhir ann a chuireann tuiscint na R\u00f3imhe ar an gcaidreamh idir na beo agus na mairbh in i\u00fal go soil\u00e9ir. Sa saothar Fasti<\/em> tugann an file Ovid caibidl\u00ed fada ar leithligh don Parentalia agus don Lemuria, agus is \u00e9 sin ceann de na foins\u00ed is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed at\u00e1 againn.<\/p>

De r\u00e9ir Ovid, i luathstair na R\u00f3imhe, tugadh faoi deara go raibh c\u00faram na marbh curtha i leataobh de bharr cogaidh. D\u00e1 bharr sin, deirtear gur chuir na mairbh isteach ar an gcathair mar thaibhs\u00ed gan suaimhneas, agus n\u00e1r ais\u00edocadh an ord ach nuair a athbhuna\u00edodh na deasghn\u00e1tha. M\u00edn\u00edonn an sc\u00e9al seo c\u00e9n f\u00e1th a raibh g\u00e1 leis na f\u00e9ilte marbh, agus l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00e9 an tuiscint go bhf\u00e9adfadh na Manes a bheith cont\u00fairteach mura dtabharfa\u00ed aire d\u00f3ibh.<\/p>

Maidir leis an Lemuria, tugann Ovid cur s\u00edos beoga ar dheasghn\u00e1th t\u00ed. \u00c9ir\u00edonn athair an t\u00ed ag me\u00e1n o\u00edche, si\u00falann s\u00e9 cosnochta tr\u00edd an teach, caitheann p\u00f3nair\u00ed dubha thar a ghualainn, agus aithris\u00edonn s\u00e9 formhal shocraithe a iarrann ar na taibhs\u00ed an teach a fh\u00e1g\u00e1il.<\/p>

L\u00e9ir\u00edonn sleachta den s\u00f3rt sin go raibh n\u00f3s na mairbh sa R\u00f3imh rialaithe go beacht, agus go raibh formhalacha agus gn\u00edomhartha socraithe ann chun an caidreamh leo a eagr\u00fa. Ba mh\u00f3 a bhain miotaseola\u00edocht chomhth\u00e1ite den saol eile, le topagrafa\u00edocht mhionsonraithe an domhain th\u00edos, leis an litr\u00edocht a raibh tionchar na fil\u00edochta Gr\u00e9aga\u00ed uirthi.<\/p>

Sa saothar Aeneis, tugann Vergil \u00edomh\u00e1 bheoga d\u2019on\u00f3ir na marbh, nuair a dh\u00e9anann Aeneas \u00edobairt<\/span> sholl\u00fanta ag uaigh a athar Anchises, agus \u00e9 ag glaoch ar Manes an athar.<\/p>

L\u00e9ir\u00edonn an radharc seo c\u00faram na huaighe mar dhualgas naofa agus mar l\u00e9iri\u00fa ar an pietas, an nasc leis na sinsir. Luann Cicero na Manes go minic freisin, mar shampla ina shaothar faoi na dl\u00edthe, ina luann s\u00e9 gur cheart cearta na marbh, a mheastar a bheith diaga, a choinne\u00e1il naofa<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cultas agus adhradh<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bh\u00ed gn\u00e9 phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach agus gn\u00e9 a bh\u00ed rialaithe go poibl\u00ed ag baint le cultas na Manes. Bh\u00ed c\u00faram na huaighe ag an teaghlach ina l\u00e1rphointe. Ar laethanta faoi leith, thugadh na gaolta bronntanais chun na huaighe, mar shampla f\u00edon, bainne, ola, bl\u00e1thanna agus bia. Ba \u00e9 an dualgas a chomhl\u00edonadh agus an chuimhne bhuan a bh\u00ed t\u00e1bhachtach, n\u00ed raibh luach airgeada\u00edochta an bhronntanais \u00e1bhartha.<\/p>

Ba \u00e9 an fh\u00e9ile phoibl\u00ed l\u00e1rnach na marbh na Parentalia<\/em> i m\u00ed Feabhra, a mhair roinnt laethanta agus a shroich a mbuaicphointe ag f\u00e9ile na Feralia<\/em>.<\/p>

Le linn na tr\u00e9imhse seo, cuireadh gn\u00f3tha\u00ed poibl\u00ed ar fionra\u00ed go p\u00e1irteach, d’fhan teampaill<\/span> d\u00fanta, agus bhogadh na teaghlaigh chuig na huaigheanna chun na Manes a choth\u00fa. Ba \u00ed f\u00e9ile na Caristia<\/em> an deireadh, l\u00e1 athmhuintearais laeth\u00fail idir na beo, a chomhl\u00e1naigh c\u00faram na marbh go maith.<\/p>

I m\u00ed na Bealtaine th\u00e1inig an Lemuria<\/em>, f\u00e9ile na dtaibhs\u00ed gan suaimhneas. Murab ionann leis na Parentalia, a bh\u00ed n\u00edos c\u00farama\u00ed, bh\u00ed gn\u00e9 choisctheach ag baint leis an Lemuria. B’\u00e9 an aidhm anseo na taibhs\u00ed a bh\u00edodh ag si\u00fal timpeall an t\u00ed a shuaimhneas agus a dh\u00edbirt.<\/p>

L\u00e9ir\u00edonn comhthreomhaireacht an d\u00e1 fh\u00e9ile seo d\u00fabailteacht chreideamh na R\u00f3imhe faoi na mairbh: ar thaobh amh\u00e1in adhradh c\u00faramach na Manes, ar an taobh eile an gh\u00e1 le taibhs\u00ed corraithe a dh\u00edbirt. Bh\u00ed an t-ioml\u00e1n seo bunaithe ar an bhunphrionsabal go raibh dualgas buan ag na beo i leith na marbh.<\/p>

De r\u00e9ir an traidisi\u00fain<\/span>, thosaigh na Parentalia ar an tr\u00ed\u00fa l\u00e1 d\u00e9ag de mh\u00ed Feabhra agus mhair siad go dt\u00ed an aon\u00fa l\u00e1 is fiche, l\u00e1 na Feralia, a mheastar mar chr\u00edoch phoibl\u00ed. Le linn na tr\u00e9imhse seo bh\u00ed srianta ar an saol poibl\u00ed i r\u00e9im. Ins\u00edonn Ovid sna Fasti n\u00e1r tion\u00f3ladh p\u00f3sta\u00ed, mar bh\u00ed an tr\u00e9imhse tiomnaithe do na mairbh, agus go leagadh na hoifigigh a suaitheantais ar leataobh.<\/p>

Bh\u00ed na hocht l\u00e1 tosaigh tiomnaithe do ch\u00faram pr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach na marbh de r\u00e9ir teaghlaigh, agus n\u00ed raibh gn\u00e9 phoibl\u00ed ann go dt\u00ed na Feralia. An l\u00e1 d\u00e1r gcionn, an Caristia n\u00f3 an Cara Cognatio, thagadh an ghaolta bheo le ch\u00e9ile do bh\u00e9ile com\u00f3nta, a bh\u00ed ceaptha go sonrach chun athmhuintearas idir na beo a choth\u00fa.<\/p>

Bh\u00ed an Lemuria i m\u00ed na Bealtaine ar an nao\u00fa, an t-aon\u00fa l\u00e1 d\u00e9ag, agus an tr\u00ed\u00fa l\u00e1 d\u00e9ag den mh\u00ed. Deireann Ovid gur \u00f3 na Lemures, na taibhs\u00ed a shi\u00falann timpeall, a thagann a n-ainm, agus nascann s\u00e9 an fh\u00e9ile go haitheantach le leorghn\u00edomh do bh\u00e1s Remus, a mara\u00edodh de l\u00e1imh Romulus.<\/p>

Is \u00e9 seo t\u00f3g\u00e1il liteartha eile a thug r\u00e9amhstair don deasghn\u00e1th<\/span>. Le linn an Lemuria d’fhan na teampaill<\/span> d\u00fanta agus n\u00edor tion\u00f3ladh p\u00f3sta\u00ed, rud a mheastar a bheith m\u00ed-fhabhrach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cleachtas Cosanta agus Nithe Apotr\u00f3pacha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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I nd\u00e1il leis na Manes, is cosaint a bh\u00ed ann go pr\u00edomha cosaint tr\u00ed ch\u00faram ceart. Fad a adhlacadh na mairbh go ceart agus a coinn\u00edodh c\u00faram rialta orthu, measadh na Manes a bheith dea-thoili\u00fail, ina nd\u00e9ithe maithe, agus n\u00edorbh eagal a n-aice a bheith ann.<\/p>

De r\u00e9ir na tuisce R\u00f3mh\u00e1na\u00ed, th\u00e1inig cont\u00fairt nuair a f\u00e1gadh an dualgas gan chomhl\u00edonadh, nuair a f\u00e1gadh duine gan adhlacadh, n\u00f3 nuair a s\u00e1ra\u00edodh uaigh.<\/p>

I gc\u00e1sanna den s\u00f3rt sin bh\u00ed deasghn\u00e1tha cosc ag an reiligi\u00fan R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach. Is \u00e9 an sampla is aithnidi\u00fala an caitheamh p\u00f3nair\u00ed ag na Lemuria. D’\u00fas\u00e1id ceann an t\u00ed p\u00f3nair\u00ed dubha, d\u00fairt s\u00e9 focla\u00edocht sheasta, agus rinne s\u00e9 an gn\u00edomh in ord docht ag am o\u00edche.<\/p>

Bh\u00ed s\u00e9 mar aidhm ag an deasghn\u00e1th<\/span> na spioraid a sh\u00edothl\u00fa agus a chur ina lu\u00ed orthu an teach a fh\u00e1g\u00e1il. Is sainmharc \u00e9 nach raibh cead ag an duine a bh\u00ed ag gn\u00edomh\u00fa f\u00e9achaint ar na spioraid agus go raibh air clo\u00ed le focail agus gotha\u00ed seasta.<\/p>

Bh\u00ed feidhm chosanta ag dl\u00ed na huaighe freisin. Measadh uaigheanna a bheith loci religiosi<\/em>, \u00e1iteanna a raibh cinneadh reiligi\u00fanach orthu, agus ba bhr\u00ed phion\u00f3s \u00e9 a s\u00e1r\u00fa. Ar inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed uaighe uaireanta b\u00edonn mallachta\u00ed in aghaidh s\u00e1raitheoir\u00ed f\u00e9ideartha uaigheanna, agus cuireann siad an uaigh faoi chosaint na Manes.<\/p>

Ar an gcaoi sin, chomhcheanglaigh riail dhl\u00edthi\u00fail agus tuiscint reiligi\u00fanach ina gcosaint a bh\u00ed, n\u00ed chosaint ar na beo \u00f3 na mairbh ach n\u00edos m\u00f3 chosaint ar na mairbh \u00f3 na beo. Go hioml\u00e1n, bhain cleachtadh na cosanta le hord a chaomhn\u00fa idir an d\u00e1 r\u00e9im.<\/p>

Foirm eile den d\u00e9ile\u00e1il ord\u00fail leis na mairbh ba \u00e9 an leorghn\u00edomh i gc\u00e1s b\u00e1is neamhchoitianta. Duine a f\u00e1gadh gan adhlacadh, mar shampla mar nach bhfuarthas an corp, measadh \u00e9 a bheith i mbaol dul ag si\u00fal gan suaimhneas, agus d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin i gc\u00e1sanna den s\u00f3rt sin d’fh\u00e9adfa\u00ed uaigh fholamh, cenotaph, a chur suas.<\/p>

Ar an gcaoi sin bronnadh \u00e1it shiombalach ar an duine marbh agus rinneadh a aistri\u00fa isteach i bpobal na Manes ind\u00e9anta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cos\u00falachta\u00ed i gcult\u00fair eile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Is f\u00e9idir cultas R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach na Manes a chur go maith i r\u00e9imse leathan an chult\u00fais sinsear agus mairbh, r\u00e9imse a fhaightear i m\u00f3r\u00e1n cult\u00far.<\/p>

Laistigh den reiligi\u00fan R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach, t\u00e1 na Manes taobh leis na Lares agus na Penates, agus taobh leis na Larvae agus na Lemures a measadh a bheith cont\u00fairteach. Ach na Lares a bheith n\u00edos ceangailte le h\u00e1it, bhain na Manes leis na mairbh mar iad f\u00e9in.<\/p>

Tugann an urraim do na mairbh sna cultais Ghr\u00e9agach mairbh cothroma\u00edocht Ghr\u00e9agach, mar shampla c\u00faram na huaigheanna agus an choinne\u00e1il de na sc\u00e1thanna san \u00edochtar. Bh\u00ed laethanta ag an saol Gr\u00e9agach freisin nuair a measadh na mairbh a bheith n\u00edos gaire, agus deasghn\u00e1tha lenar chosc siad spioraid gan suaimhneas.<\/p>

Ach n\u00ed f\u00e9idir comhionann\u00fa beacht a dh\u00e9anamh mar bh\u00ed na comhth\u00e9acsanna reiligi\u00fanacha \u00e9ags\u00fail. T\u00e1 tuar d\u00e1 chuid f\u00e9in ag b\u00e9im R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach an dualgais teaghlaigh agus na huaighe a bh\u00ed faoi chosaint dhl\u00edthi\u00fail.<\/p>

Go heola\u00edoch, baineann na Manes leis an chine\u00e1l cult\u00fais sinsear coitianta, ina bhfuil comhphobal na mairbh agus a gaol lean\u00fanach leis na beo i l\u00e1r an aird, roimh chinni\u00faint aonarach an domhain eile. T\u00e1 an leagan R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach doicim\u00e9adaithe go maith tr\u00ed inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed, agus l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00e9 chomh dl\u00fath agus a bh\u00ed reiligi\u00fan, teaghlach agus cult\u00far cuimhne fite fuaite ina ch\u00e9ile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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L\u00e9irthuiscint agus taighde an lae inniu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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T\u00e1 na Manes ina n-\u00e1bhar l\u00e1rnach i staid\u00e9ar ar reiligi\u00fan na R\u00f3imhe, mar go mbaineann siad le caitheamh na socha\u00ed leis an mb\u00e1s, r\u00e9imse bun\u00fasach i ngach reiligi\u00fan.<\/p>

Phl\u00e9igh Georg Wissowa agus Kurt Latte cultas na marbh go mionsonraithe, agus i dtaighde n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed t\u00e1 John Scheid agus J\u00f6rg R\u00fcpke, i measc daoine eile, tar \u00e9is gn\u00e9ithe deasghn\u00e1cha agus s\u00f3isialta an Parentalia agus an Lemuria a rian\u00fa.<\/p>

Gr\u00fapa foins\u00ed t\u00e1bhachtach is ea na l\u00edonta ollmh\u00f3ra inscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed uaighe leis an bhformhal Dis Manibus<\/em>. Cuireann siad ar chumas an taighde leathadh chultas na Manes a rian\u00fa ar fud na hImpireachta, trasna gach aicme agus thar thr\u00e9imhs\u00ed fada ama. L\u00e9irigh an eipeagrafa\u00edocht<\/span> chomh n\u00e1d\u00fartha agus a bh\u00ed smaoineamh na Manes fite fuaite i ngn\u00e1thshaol na R\u00f3imhe.<\/p>

Sa chult\u00far coitianta inniu, n\u00edl an t\u00e9arma Manes chomh coitianta le hainmneacha pr\u00edomhdh\u00e9ithe na R\u00f3imhe, ach feictear \u00e9 go rialta i staid\u00e9ar ar n\u00f3sanna adhlactha \u00e1rsa, i m\u00fasaeim agus san oideachas stairi\u00fail.<\/p>

Casann duine ar bith a bh\u00edonn i mbun staid\u00e9ir ar eipeagrafa\u00edocht R\u00f3mh\u00e1nach leis an ngiorr\u00fach\u00e1n D M<\/em> ar leaca uaighe. Don reiligi\u00faneola\u00edocht<\/span>, fanann na Manes ina sampla t\u00e1bhachtach de conas a d\u2019eagraigh socha\u00ed an caidreamh idir na beo agus na mairbh ar bhealach deasghn\u00e1ch<\/span>.<\/p>

L\u00e9irigh taighde n\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed feidhm sh\u00f3isialta na bhf\u00e9ilte marbh freisin. Bh\u00ed an Parentalia agus an Caristia a lean \u00e9 ina ndeasghn\u00e1tha do na mairbh agus, ag an am c\u00e9anna, ina ndeiseanna inar dhearbhaigh an teaghlach \u00e9 f\u00e9in mar aonad marthanach thar theorainn an tsaoil agus an bh\u00e1is.<\/p>

Toisc go dtaifeadann na hinscr\u00edbhinn\u00ed uaighe go minic st\u00e1das s\u00f3isialta, aois agus naisc theaghlaigh an duine mhairbh, meastar iad sa taighde araon mar fhoins\u00ed reiligi\u00fanacha agus mar fhoins\u00ed stairs\u00f3isialta ar an gc\u00e9ad scoth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Litr\u00edocht (rogha)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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