{"id":11241,"date":"2026-04-27T07:06:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T07:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yamaraja-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T14:57:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:57:58","slug":"yamaraja","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/yamaraja\/","title":{"rendered":"Yamaraja"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11241\" class=\"elementor elementor-11241 elementor-1888 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamaraja, dieu de la tradition hindoue<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yamaraja est un dieu de la tradition hindoue.<\/p><p>Roi des morts, premier mortel \u00e0 avoir trouv\u00e9 le chemin de l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0 et \u00e0 \u00eatre devenu le juge des d\u00e9funts. Yamaraja, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9 <em>Yama<\/em> ou <em>Dharmaraja<\/em> (le juge de la vertu), gouverne le royaume des morts non pas comme un lieu de ch\u00e2timent \u00e9ternel, mais comme une \u00e9tape de transition dans le cycle de la renaissance.<\/p><p>Il tient le livre infaillible des actes, miroir du <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dans l'hindouisme, le bouddhisme et le ja\u00efnisme, la loi de la cons\u00e9quence des actes : chaque action influe sur les existences suivantes.\">Karma<\/span>, et d\u00e9cide de la prochaine vie qu&rsquo;une \u00e2me recevra. Avec son lasso, il saisit ceux dont l&rsquo;heure est venue, et avec son b\u00e2ton, il maintient l&rsquo;ordre entre la vie et la mort.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dieu \/ D\u00e9esse : puissance supr\u00eame personnifi\u00e9e dans le panth\u00e9on d'une culture, avec des attributions pr\u00e9cises, forces de la nature, destin, guerre, fertilit\u00e9. V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par des cultes, des offrandes et des institutions templi\u00e8res.\">Dieu<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/hindouisme\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mondes divins, asurique et protecteurs de l'hindouisme, du v\u00e9dique au tantrique.\">Hindouisme<\/a><a href=\"\/fr\/divinites-des-morts\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dieux des enfers et de la mort, souverains de l'au-del\u00e0, juges des morts, guides des \u00e2mes.\">Divinit\u00e9 des morts<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-131151\" alt=\"Yama - dieux de la tradition hindoue, illustration historique\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_hinduismus_yama.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamaraja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En un coup d'\u0153il : Yamaraja<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> Divinit\u00e9 des morts, souverain et juge de l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des dieux d'une religion ou d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panth\u00e9on<\/span> : Hindouisme (du Veda aux Puranas)<br>Fonction : Souverain du royaume des morts Yamaloka, juge apr\u00e8s la mort, gardien du Karma<br>Attributs principaux : Pasha (lasso\/n\u0153ud coulant), Danda (b\u00e2ton de justice), Livre des actes (Chitragupta), buffle d&rsquo;eau<br>Principaux lieux de culte : Yamunotri (source de la Yamuna), Tamil Nadu (Sirkali), Inde du Sud et de l&rsquo;Ouest<br>Int\u00e9gration bouddhiste : Yama Dharmaraja (Tibet), Enma (Japon)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rep\u00e8res historiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9riode des textes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> relative \u00e0 Yamaraja remonte au <em>Rigveda<\/em> (environ 1500\u20131200 av. J.-C., hymne 10.14) jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 nos jours. Les repr\u00e9sentations les plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es se trouvent dans la <em>Garuda-Purana<\/em> (probablement IXe\u2013Xe si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C.), qui contient des affirmations centrales sur l&rsquo;eschatologie et le jugement karmique.<\/span><\/p><p>Dans la <em>Katha-Upanishad<\/em> (probablement VIe\u2013Ve si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), Yamaraja instruit le jeune Naciketas dans les myst\u00e8res de l&rsquo;immortalit\u00e9 et de la mort. Le <em>Mahabharata<\/em> et la <em>Manusmriti<\/em> y font r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ; dans les \u00e9crits plus r\u00e9cents (Bhagavata-Purana, Brahma-Purana), son r\u00f4le reste central.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aire de diffusion<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yamaraja est v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 dans tout le sous-continent indien, du nord au sud, avec une concentration en Inde du Sud et de l&rsquo;Ouest (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra), o\u00f9 existent des <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9difice consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la v\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'une ou de plusieurs divinit\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> traditionnels. Son culte se r\u00e9pand avec la diaspora hindoue \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;Asie du Sud-Est, les Cara\u00efbes (Trinit\u00e9-et-Tobago, Maurice) et le monde occidental.<\/p><p>Dans le bouddhisme, il est repris sous le nom de <em>Yama Dharmaraja<\/em> au Tibet et dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dans le bouddhisme tib\u00e9tain, l'\u00e9tat de transition entre deux existences ; le Bardo Th\u00f6dol d\u00e9crit la phase qui suit la mort.\">Bardo<\/span> Th\u00f6dol (Livre tib\u00e9tain des morts) ; dans la tradition japonaise, il appara\u00eet sous le nom d&rsquo;<em>Enma<\/em> dans le bouddhisme et le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La culture populaire traditionnelle comprenant coutumes, r\u00e9cits et chants.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tat des sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les sources centrales sont le <em>Rigveda<\/em> (hymne 10.14), l&rsquo;<em>Atharvaveda<\/em>, la <em>Katha-Upanishad<\/em>, le <em>Mahabharata<\/em> (en particulier la Bhishma-Parva), la <em>Garuda-Purana<\/em>, la <em>Brahma-Purana<\/em>, la <em>Bhagavata-Purana<\/em> et la <em>Manusmriti<\/em>. Les sources tantriques et rituelles sont compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par les <em>Pinda-Sutras<\/em> et les Vedangas fun\u00e9raires. Les commentaires savants secondaires proviennent d&rsquo;<em>Adi Shankara<\/em> et d&rsquo;autres \u00e9coles du Vedanta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom et variantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrit :<\/strong> <em>Yama<\/em> (\u092f\u092e), litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab frein \u00bb ou \u00ab celui qui encha\u00eene \u00bb, d\u00e9signe \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine le frein des chevaux, puis la ma\u00eetrise, l&rsquo;ordre. <em>Yamaraja<\/em> (\u092f\u092e\u0930\u093e\u091c) signifie \u00ab roi Yama \u00bb. <em>Dharmaraja<\/em> (\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930\u093e\u091c) \u00ab roi de la vertu \u00bb ou \u00ab juge \u00bb, un \u00e9pith\u00e8te fr\u00e9quent. Autres \u00e9pith\u00e8tes : <em>Mrityu<\/em> (la mort), <em>Antaka<\/em> (celui qui met fin), <em>Samvartaka<\/em> (le rassembleur), <em>Kritanta<\/em> (le d\u00e9cideur).<\/p><p>D\u00e9signations apparent\u00e9es : Yamaloka (le royaume de Yama), Yamaloka-pati (seigneur de Yamaloka), Pitra-pati (seigneur des anc\u00eatres). Famille importante : fils de <em>Surya<\/em> (le Soleil) et de <em>Saranyu<\/em> (une d\u00e9esse de la vapeur d&rsquo;eau), fr\u00e8re jumeau de <em>Yami<\/em> (premi\u00e8re femme mortelle et d\u00e9esse du fleuve Yamuna).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Apparence<\/h3><p>Yamaraja est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en vert fonc\u00e9 ou en rouge fonc\u00e9, plus rarement en noir. Il porte une robe rouge ou dor\u00e9e, un turban ou une couronne, ainsi que des boucles d&rsquo;oreilles.<\/p><p>Dans ses mains, il tient son lasso caract\u00e9ristique <em>Pasha<\/em>, le n\u0153ud coulant avec lequel il capture les \u00e2mes des d\u00e9funts, ainsi que le <em>Danda<\/em>, un b\u00e2ton ou une massue, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe qui repr\u00e9sente une id\u00e9e ou une signification.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbole<\/span> de son pouvoir judiciaire.<\/p><p>Sa monture est le <em>Mahisha<\/em>, le buffle d&rsquo;eau, noir ou rouge sang. \u00c0 ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s se tient son scribe <em>Chitragupta<\/em>, qui tient le livre infaillible des actes, sur lequel chaque action de chaque \u00eatre est inscrite.<\/p><h3>Nature et action<\/h3><p>Yamaraja n&rsquo;est pas l&rsquo;incarnation de la mort elle-m\u00eame \u2013 c&rsquo;est <em>Mrityu<\/em> ou <em>Kala<\/em> (le temps) \u2013 mais l&rsquo;administrateur et le juge de l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0. Contrairement \u00e0 un enfer occidental, Yamaloka, son royaume, n&rsquo;est pas un lieu de ch\u00e2timent \u00e9ternel.<\/p><p>Au contraire, chaque \u00e2me se pr\u00e9sente devant lui apr\u00e8s la mort pour rendre des comptes : Chitragupta lit dans son livre, Yamaraja reconna\u00eet le Karma et d\u00e9cide sous quelle forme et dans quelle vie l&rsquo;\u00e2me sera r\u00e9incarn\u00e9e.<\/p><p>Les \u00e2mes vertueuses trouvent rapidement leur prochaine existence ; les \u00e2mes charg\u00e9es d&rsquo;un karma lourd traversent des processus de purification. Yamaraja lui-m\u00eame est incorruptible : aucune <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Don offert \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer la gratitude, la supplication ou la v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrande<\/span>, aucune pri\u00e8re ne peut modifier son jugement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil : Yamaraja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les aspects les plus importants de Yamaraja en un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il. Le tableau r\u00e9capitule l&rsquo;origine, la fonction, l&rsquo;apparence, le culte, les symboles et les parall\u00e8les.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradition<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fils de <em>Surya<\/em> (le dieu Soleil) et de <em>Saranyu<\/em>. En tant que premier \u00eatre humain \u00e0 mourir, il trouva de lui-m\u00eame le chemin de l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0, y \u00e9tablit un ordre et devint ainsi le souverain \u00e9ternel du royaume des morts. Dans le <em>Mahabharata<\/em>, sa paternit\u00e9 est parfois partag\u00e9e avec <em>Yudhishthira<\/em>, le plus jeune des fr\u00e8res Pandava.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La fonction de Yamaraja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Souverain du royaume des morts Yamaloka, juge incorruptible apr\u00e8s la mort, d\u00e9cideur du Karma et de la renaissance, gardien de l&rsquo;ordre cosmique (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dans l'hindouisme, le devoir et l'ordre cosmique ; dans le bouddhisme, l'enseignement du Bouddha.\">Dharma<\/span>), guide des \u00e2mes dans le processus de la mort.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Repr\u00e9sentation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roi-dieu vert fonc\u00e9 ou rouge fonc\u00e9, portant turban ou couronne, v\u00eatu d&rsquo;une robe, tenant le <em>Pasha<\/em> (n\u0153ud coulant) et le <em>Danda<\/em> (b\u00e2ton), chevauchant un buffle d&rsquo;eau noir ou rouge sang, accompagn\u00e9 de Chitragupta, le scribe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le culte de Yamaraja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principaux lieux de culte \u00e0 Yamunotri (source de la Yamuna, Uttarakhand), Tamil Nadu (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9difice consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la v\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'une ou de plusieurs divinit\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> de Sirkali), ainsi qu&rsquo;en Inde du Sud et de l&rsquo;Ouest. Culte pratiqu\u00e9 lors des accompagnements des mourants par des <em>Yama-Mantras<\/em>, pri\u00e8res au moment du d\u00e9c\u00e8s d&rsquo;un membre de la famille.<\/p><p>Le <em>Pinda<\/em> (offrande alimentaire pour les d\u00e9funts) est offert au nom de Yama afin d&rsquo;implorer sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Octroi de gr\u00e2ce et de protection, souvent sous une forme linguistique fixe.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00e9n\u00e9diction<\/span> pour le voyage vers l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0. La f\u00eate du <em>Bhai Dooj<\/em> (f\u00eate des fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs, dans la p\u00e9riode de Diwali) c\u00e9l\u00e8bre l&rsquo;\u00e9treinte l\u00e9gendaire entre Yama et sa s\u0153ur jumelle Yami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les symboles de Yamaraja<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em>Pasha<\/em> (n\u0153ud coulant pour capturer l&rsquo;\u00e2me), <em>Danda<\/em> (b\u00e2ton de justice), le livre des actes ou le <em>miroir du Karma<\/em> (sous la garde de Chitragupta), buffle d&rsquo;eau (Mahisha), robe rouge, teint sombre, pavot \u00e0 opium (dans les repr\u00e9sentations tardives).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Had\u00e8s et Pluton (Gr\u00e8ce\/Rome, souverains des Enfers), Anubis et Osiris (\u00c9gypte, pes\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00e2me, justice), Ereshkigal (M\u00e9sopotamie, reine des Enfers), Hel (germanique, fille de Loki, reine de Helheim), Mictlantecuhtli (azt\u00e8que, dieu du royaume des morts). La fonction du miroir du Karma est la plus proche d&rsquo;Anubis et de la pes\u00e9e du c\u0153ur \u00e9gyptienne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le culte au quotidien<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yamaraja est moins pr\u00e9sent dans la d\u00e9votion hindoue quotidienne que les grandes divinit\u00e9s majeures comme Shiva ou Vishnu, mais il est invoqu\u00e9 lors des \u00e9v\u00e9nements critiques de la vie, en particulier au moment de la mort.<\/p><p>En cas de maladie grave ou imm\u00e9diatement avant la mort, des <em>Yama-Mantras<\/em> sont r\u00e9cit\u00e9s, par exemple tir\u00e9s du <em>Yajnavalkya Smriti<\/em> : \u00ab Om Yamaaya Namah \u00bb (prosternation devant Yama). Ces pri\u00e8res visent \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger l&rsquo;\u00e2me et \u00e0 demander \u00e0 Yama une conduite douce.<\/p><p>Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s d&rsquo;un membre de la famille, le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actes symboliques ayant une signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> du <em>Pinda<\/em> est accompli : des boulettes de riz ou de bl\u00e9 sont offertes au nom du d\u00e9funt, avec l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'invocation suppliante ou conjuratoire d'une divinit\u00e9 ou d'une puissance.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> de Yama, afin que celui-ci guide l&rsquo;\u00e2me en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 vers la prochaine vie.<\/p><p>La f\u00eate du <em>Bhai Dooj<\/em>, c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e le deuxi\u00e8me jour apr\u00e8s Diwali, rappelle une rencontre entre Yama et sa s\u0153ur jumelle Yami, au cours de laquelle ils s&rsquo;\u00e9treignirent et Yama promit qu&rsquo;aucun fr\u00e8re ne mourrait par la main de Yami.<\/p><p>Lors du Bhai Dooj, les s\u0153urs tracent une <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Octroi de gr\u00e2ce et de protection, souvent sous une forme linguistique fixe.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00e9n\u00e9diction<\/span> sur le front de leurs fr\u00e8res pour les placer sous la protection de Yama. De nombreux noms de famille et pr\u00e9noms sont d\u00e9riv\u00e9s du nom de Yama ou le contiennent (par exemple Yamuna pour les femmes, en souvenir de la s\u0153ur).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yamaraja, parall\u00e8les dans d'autres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>La fonction d&rsquo;un juge incorruptible qui examine les actes des vivants et d\u00e9cide de la prochaine vie relie Yamaraja \u00e0 Had\u00e8s, dont le monde souterrain ne conna\u00eet certes pas la renaissance, mais comporte \u00e9galement un jugement incontournable. Il partage avec Anubis et Osiris l&rsquo;id\u00e9e du miroir du Karma, ou respectivement de la pes\u00e9e du c\u0153ur.<\/p><p>Contrairement \u00e0 de nombreuses divinit\u00e9s des morts occidentales, Yamaraja n&rsquo;est pas avant tout un punisseur : il est un fonctionnaire cosmique de l&rsquo;ordre (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans les religions indiennes, l'enseignement et le juste ordre de l'action.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span>), qui accompagne l&rsquo;\u00e2me sur son chemin sans l&rsquo;en emp\u00eacher.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Litt\u00e9rature de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La science qui \u00e9tudie les religions de mani\u00e8re comparative et sans engagement confessionnel.\" tabindex=\"0\">sciences des religions<\/span> compar\u00e9es) :<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Autres ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans la <a href=\"\/fr\/bibliographie\/\">bibliographie<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liens compl\u00e9mentaires<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/fr\/hades\/\">Had\u00e8s, Gr\u00e8ce<\/a> (comparaison : juge incorruptible)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/anubis\/\">Anubis, \u00c9gypte<\/a> (pes\u00e9e karmique)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/osiris\/\">Osiris, \u00c9gypte<\/a><\/li><li>Yami, hindouisme (s\u0153ur jumelle, divinit\u00e9 fluviale)<\/li><li>Chitragupta, hindouisme (scribe et compagnon)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/divinites-des-morts\/\">Divinit\u00e9s des morts, sous-cat\u00e9gorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/dieux\/\">Dieux, aper\u00e7u de la classe<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources et bibliographie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Macdonell, Arthur A. : <em>Vedic Mythology<\/em>. Varanasi 1974 (r\u00e9impression).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Frauwallner, Erich : <em>Outline of the Philosophy of the Upanisads<\/em>. Delhi 1973.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Parrinder, Geoffrey : <em>Avatar and Incarnation. A Comparison of Indian and Christian Traditions<\/em>. Oxford 1970.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Danielou, Alain : <em>Hindu Polytheism<\/em>. Princeton 1964.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Grimes, John A. : <em>A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy<\/em>. Albany 1996.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Stietencron, Heinrich von : <em>Hindu Myth, Hindu History. Religion, Art, and Politics in India<\/em>. Delhi 1996.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Meisig, Marion (\u00e9d.) : <em>Das Bild Yamas in Religionen und Kulturen Asiens<\/em>. Stuttgart 2004.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-543a299 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"543a299\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e4a4fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e4a4fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur Yamaraja<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Qui est Yamaraja dans l&rsquo;hindouisme ?<\/h3><p>Yamaraja (sanskrit Yama-r\u0101ja, roi Yama) est le dieu hindou de la mort et le juge des d\u00e9funts. Il est le premier mortel \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 et, de ce fait, le premier \u00e0 avoir trouv\u00e9 le chemin de l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0.<\/p><p>Yama r\u00e8gne sur le monde des morts (Yamaloka) et tient le livre de la mort (Yamadharma), dans lequel sont consign\u00e9s tous les actes de chaque \u00eatre humain. Il est traditionnellement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 avec une peau verte ou bleu fonc\u00e9, chevauchant un buffle noir, et portant un b\u00e2ton (Yamadanda) ainsi qu&rsquo;un lasso (pour capturer les \u00e2mes).<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Quel est le rapport entre Yamaraja et Yama ?<\/h3><p>Yama et Yamaraja sont fondamentalement la m\u00eame figure : le nom Yama est la d\u00e9signation plus ancienne, v\u00e9dique (Rigveda 10,14), tandis que Yamaraja (roi Yama) est la forme ult\u00e9rieure, plus honorifique.<\/p><p>Dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'enseignement scientifique sur Dieu et sur la foi d'une religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e9ologie<\/span> hindoue, Yama est \u00e0 la fois : le premier homme n\u00e9, le premier mortel, le juge cosmique et l&rsquo;un des huit gardiens du monde (Lokapalas), gardien de la direction sud. Dans le bouddhisme, Yama devient le seigneur du sixi\u00e8me royaume des enfers (Naraka) et exerce une fonction de juge similaire. Au Japon, il est v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 sous le nom d&rsquo;Enma-\u014c.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wer ist Yamaraja im Hinduismus?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yamaraja (Sanskrit Yama-r\\u0101ja, K\\u00f6nig Yama) ist der hinduistische Gott des Todes und Richter der Toten. Er ist der erste Sterbliche, der gestorben ist \\u2014 und somit der erste, der den Weg ins Jenseits gefunden hat. Yama herrscht \\u00fcber die Welt der Toten (Yamaloka) und f\\u00fchrt das Buch des Todes (Yamadharma), in dem alle Taten jedes Menschen verzeichnet sind. Er wird typisch dargestellt mit gr\\u00fcner oder dunkelblauer Haut, reitet einen schwarzen B\\u00fcffel und tr\\u00e4gt einen Stab (Yamadanda) und eine Lassoschnur (zum Einfangen der Seelen).\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was ist das Verh\\u00e4ltnis von Yamaraja und Yama?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yama und Yamaraja sind im Grunde dieselbe Figur \\u2014 der Name Yama ist die \\u00e4ltere, vedische Bezeichnung (Rigveda 10,14), Yamaraja (K\\u00f6nig Yama) ist die sp\\u00e4tere, ehrenhaftere Form. In der hinduistischen <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Die wissenschaftliche Lehre von Gott und vom Glauben einer Religion.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Theologie<\/span> ist Yama gleichzeitig: erstgeborener Mensch, erster Sterblicher, kosmischer Richter und einer der acht Weltbewahrer (Lokapalas) \\u2014 W\\u00e4chter der S\\u00fcdrichtung. Im Buddhismus wird Yama zum Herrn des sechsten H\\u00f6llen-Reichs (Naraka) und hat eine \\u00e4hnliche Richter-Funktion. In Japan wird er als Enma-\\u014c verehrt.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1731,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yamaraja","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yamaraja \u2013 Roi des morts, juge de la renaissance","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Juge du Karma, Pasha et Danda, int\u00e9gration bouddhiste comme Yama Dharmaraja \u2013 fonction et culte au quotidien.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"hinduismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,53,25],"class_list":["post-11241","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goetter","category-hinduismus","category-kulturen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with 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