{"id":11178,"date":"2026-04-21T11:08:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T11:08:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/troll-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T14:56:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:56:20","slug":"troll","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/troll\/","title":{"rendered":"Troll"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11178\" class=\"elementor elementor-11178 elementor-1031\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Troll, esprit de la tradition germanique<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Troll est un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> de la tradition germanique.<\/p><p>\u00catre montagnard gigantesque, entre le thurs de l&rsquo;Edda et l&rsquo;ogre des contes populaires.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esprit : entit\u00e9 incorporelle ou semi-corporelle, d\u00e9funts, \u00eatres de la nature, esprits domestiques ou gardiens de seuil. Agit dans la vie quotidienne, souvent li\u00e9 \u00e0 des lieux ou \u00e0 des familles.\">Geist<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/germanique\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Le monde pr\u00e9ch\u00e9tien des dieux et des esprits d'Europe du Nord et du Centre.\">Germanisch<\/a><a href=\"\/fr\/metamorphes\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00catres mi-animal mi-humain dou\u00e9s de m\u00e9tamorphose, \u00e0 forme de loup-garou, de renard, d'oiseau ou de serpent.\">Gestaltwandler<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-131300\" alt=\"Troll - esprits de la tradition germanique, illustration historique\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_germanisch_troll.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Troll<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le Troll est l&rsquo;une des figures les plus complexes de la tradition nordique. \u00c0 l&rsquo;origine tr\u00e8s large (le vieux norrois <em>troll<\/em> peut d\u00e9signer un \u00ab \u00eatre magique \u00bb en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral), le terme se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit dans les contes populaires et la litt\u00e9rature pour d\u00e9signer l&rsquo;habitant gigantesque des montagnes et des for\u00eats : stupide ou rus\u00e9, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dangereux, parfois comique.<\/p><p>Il habite grottes, montagnes et for\u00eats recul\u00e9es, enl\u00e8ve des humains, vole des fianc\u00e9es, garde des tr\u00e9sors et se p\u00e9trifie en pierre \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du soleil.<\/p><p>En arri\u00e8re-plan se trouvent les J\u00f6tnar et les Thursar de l&rsquo;Edda, des g\u00e9ants mythiques oppos\u00e9s aux dieux. Dans la tradition populaire scandinave, ceux-ci fusionnent avec des esprits r\u00e9gionaux des montagnes et des for\u00eats pour former le Troll des contes populaires, consign\u00e9 dans les recueils de l\u00e9gendes norv\u00e9giennes d&rsquo;Asbj\u00f8rnsen et Moe, dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La culture populaire transmise avec ses coutumes, r\u00e9cits et chansons.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folklore<\/span> islandaise, dans les contes finnois. La litt\u00e9rature fantastique moderne (Tolkien, Rowling, Pratchett) a rendu l&rsquo;image du Troll c\u00e9l\u00e8bre dans le monde entier.<\/p><div><p><strong>Enfants de Troll et trolls des montagnes dans l&rsquo;Edda et les sagas<\/strong><\/p><p>Snorri Sturluson d\u00e9crit dans la <em>Prose-Edda<\/em> (vers 1220), notamment dans la <em>Sk\u00e1ldskaparm\u00e1l<\/em> (langage des scaldes), deux cat\u00e9gories distinctes de trolls. Les uns sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme des habitants des montagnes, grands, puissants et stupides, ennemis des hommes et des dieux. Les autres, plus petits et plus agiles, apparaissent dans un contexte de magie et de m\u00e9tamorphose.<\/p><p>Cette diff\u00e9renciation permit par la suite de classer diverses apparitions de trolls et diverses traditions en diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories. La Sk\u00e1ldskaparm\u00e1l traite \u00e9galement les trolls comme une m\u00e9taphore po\u00e9tique, ce qui indique une r\u00e9flexion savante et pas seulement une pure tradition populaire.<\/p><p>Dans les sagas islandaises (Heimskringla, Egils Saga, Grettis Saga), les trolls apparaissent comme une force chaotique entrant en conflit avec les hommes et les dieux, sans toutefois porter rarement l&rsquo;action principale. Leur pr\u00e9sence fonctionne comme l&rsquo;incarnation de la sauvagerie ou de l&rsquo;autre monde, davantage comme une fonction marqueur dans l&rsquo;univers narratif que comme un type de personnage pleinement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En un coup d'\u0153il : Troll<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> \u00catre montagnard\/forestier gigantesque<br>Origine : J\u00f6tnar et Thursar de l&rsquo;Edda, esprits r\u00e9gionaux des montagnes<br>Textes : Edda, sagas islandaises, Asbj\u00f8rnsen &amp; Moe, Grimm, fantasy moderne<br>P\u00e9riode : \u00e9poque viking jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 nos jours<br>Protection : lumi\u00e8re du soleil, cloches d&rsquo;\u00e9glise, acier, sel<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9riode des textes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enracin\u00e9 mythiquement dans les J\u00f6tnar de l&rsquo;Edda. Florissant litt\u00e9rairement dans les sagas islandaises (Grettis saga, B\u00e1r\u00f0ar saga). Figure des contes populaires dans la tradition scandinave \u00e0 partir du Moyen \u00c2ge, abondamment collect\u00e9e au XIXe si\u00e8cle (Asbj\u00f8rnsen &amp; Moe). Figure de la culture populaire moderne depuis Tolkien.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aire de r\u00e9partition<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La Scandinavie, la Norv\u00e8ge, la Su\u00e8de et l&rsquo;Islande forment le noyau. Variantes finnoises et samies. L&rsquo;Allemagne conna\u00eet les \u00ab Trolle \u00bb surtout par les traductions import\u00e9es de Scandinavie ; les g\u00e9ants propres aux montagnes et aux for\u00eats portent d&rsquo;autres noms.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tat des sources<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Edda (V\u00f6lusp\u00e1, Gr\u00edmnism\u00e1l), sagas islandaises, <em>Norske Folkeeventyr<\/em> d&rsquo;Asbj\u00f8rnsen et Moe, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Science qui \u00e9tudie la culture quotidienne, les coutumes et les repr\u00e9sentations transmises.\" tabindex=\"0\">Volkskunde<\/span> scandinave et finnoise, litt\u00e9rature fantastique moderne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vieux norrois :<\/strong> <em>troll<\/em>, terme large pour \u00ab magie, monstre, \u00eatre magique \u00bb.<br>Termes de l&rsquo;Edda : <em>j\u00f6tunn<\/em> (pluriel j\u00f6tnar), \u00ab g\u00e9ant \u00bb ; <em>thurs<\/em>, \u00ab mauvais g\u00e9nie \u00bb.<br>Noms modernes : Berg-Troll, Wald-Troll, Troldkone (femme-troll), Trollkunig (islandais).<br>Tolkien : les Trolls comme sous-esp\u00e8ce du monde des Orques, se p\u00e9trifiants \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du jour.<\/p><p>Le r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement s\u00e9mantique de l&rsquo;\u00eatre magique g\u00e9n\u00e9ral au g\u00e9ant des montagnes concret s&rsquo;op\u00e8re \u00e0 la fin du Moyen \u00c2ge et au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque moderne. Dans certains textes islandais, le terme reste large ; un <em>troll<\/em> peut y d\u00e9signer aussi une sorci\u00e8re.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apparence<\/strong><\/p><p>Gigantesque, souvent plusieurs m\u00e8tres de haut. Laid, avec un gros nez, des verrues, des cheveux emm\u00eal\u00e9s. Dans certaines traditions, dot\u00e9 de plusieurs t\u00eates. Peau g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement grise ou recouverte de mousse, \u00e9voquant les rochers. Dans les contes norv\u00e9giens, souvent pourvu d&rsquo;une queue.<\/p><p><strong>Comportement<\/strong><\/p><p>Vit dans des grottes et des montagnes. Dangereux pour les voyageurs, vole des fianc\u00e9es, enl\u00e8ve des enfants, garde des tr\u00e9sors. Moins intelligent que les hommes ; souvent vaincu par la ruse dans les contes populaires. Certains trolls s&rsquo;aventurent secr\u00e8tement dans les villages \u00e0 la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit ; surpris par le lever du soleil, ils se p\u00e9trifient en rochers.<\/p><p><strong>Domaine d&rsquo;action<\/strong><\/p><p>R\u00e9gions montagneuses, \u00e9tendues foresti\u00e8res, grottes solitaires et failles rocheuses. Quelques formations rocheuses embl\u00e9matiques en Norv\u00e8ge sont encore aujourd&rsquo;hui interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es comme des trolls p\u00e9trifi\u00e9s (Trolltunga, Trollveggen).<\/p><p><strong>Classification mythologique<\/strong><\/p><p>Dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des r\u00e9cits divins transmis d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythologie<\/span> de l&rsquo;Edda, les J\u00f6tnar appartiennent aux puissances primordiales ant\u00e9rieures aux dieux. Thor est leur adversaire principal. Dans la tradition populaire, cette dimension cosmique perd de son importance ; le Troll devient un \u00eatre ordinaire des montagnes et des for\u00eats.<\/p><div><p><strong>La collection d&rsquo;Asbj\u00f8rnsen et Moe et la modernit\u00e9 nordique<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Les folkloristes norv\u00e9giens Peter Christen Asbj\u00f8rnsen et J\u00f8rgen Moe publi\u00e8rent \u00e0 partir de 1841 leurs <em>Norske Folkeeventyr<\/em> (Contes populaires norv\u00e9giens). Leur recueil contenait de nombreuses histoires de trolls : des trolls gardant des ponts, s\u00e9duisant des hommes ou se querellant avec les dieux.<\/span><\/p><p>Asbj\u00f8rnsen et Moe affin\u00e8rent les descriptions des trolls et les rendirent narrativement plus accessibles. Ils document\u00e8rent \u00e9galement la variante r\u00e9gionale (trolls des fjords, trolls des montagnes, trolls des lacs), ce qui soutint la sp\u00e9cialisation de la tradition des trolls.<\/p><p>Ce recueil, maintes fois r\u00e9imprim\u00e9 et traduit en plusieurs langues, devint une \u0153uvre canonique pour le romantisme europ\u00e9en et \u00e9tablit la norme de la fa\u00e7on dont les trolls nordiques doivent \u00eatre compris dans la litt\u00e9rature et le folklore modernes.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil : Troll<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les aspects essentiels du Troll en un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte culturel<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les J\u00f6tnar et Thursar de l&rsquo;Edda comme origine mythique. Fusionn\u00e9s dans la tradition populaire avec des esprits r\u00e9gionaux des montagnes et des for\u00eats.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cibles d'action<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Voyageurs, bergers, enfants. Fianc\u00e9es dans les contes populaires. H\u00e9ros en qu\u00eate de tr\u00e9sors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apparence du Troll<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gigantesque, laid, gros nez, cheveux emm\u00eal\u00e9s, parfois plusieurs t\u00eates. Peau grise ou recouverte de mousse. Parfois pourvu d&rsquo;une queue.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fonction<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vole, enl\u00e8ve, garde des tr\u00e9sors, \u00e9crase. Peut \u00eatre vaincu par la ruse dans les contes populaires. Perd la vie au lever du soleil et se p\u00e9trifie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection contre le Troll<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lumi\u00e8re du jour (moyen de protection central), cloches d&rsquo;\u00e9glise, acier. Ruse et patience : les contes populaires montrent des h\u00e9ros retenant le Troll jusqu&rsquo;au matin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00catres apparent\u00e9s<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>G\u00e9ants de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des r\u00e9cits divins transmis d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythologie<\/span> grecque, ogre (contes fran\u00e7ais), cyclope, g\u00e9ants des montagnes germaniques, ogre de la fantasy moderne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rencontre et protection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>La r\u00e8gle de la lumi\u00e8re du jour<\/strong><\/p><p>La protection la plus efficace est simple : retenir le Troll jusqu&rsquo;au lever du soleil. Dans de nombreux contes populaires norv\u00e9giens, le h\u00e9ros use du temps, d&rsquo;\u00e9nigmes, de ruse ou de longues conversations pour immobiliser le Troll jusqu&rsquo;au premier rayon de soleil \u2013 alors il se p\u00e9trifie en pierre.<\/p><p><strong>Cloches, acier, sel<\/strong><\/p><p>Les cloches d&rsquo;\u00e9glise chassent les trolls, d&rsquo;o\u00f9 la coutume de sonner lors de la fonte de nouvelles cloches pour les \u00e9glises villageoises. L&rsquo;acier (couteau, hache, fer \u00e0 cheval) est br\u00fblant pour les trolls. On jette du sel dans le feu lorsque des trolls sont suspect\u00e9s dans les environs.<\/p><p><strong>N\u00e9gociations<\/strong><\/p><p>Tous les trolls ne sont pas seulement des ennemis. Dans certains r\u00e9cits, on peut n\u00e9gocier avec eux, \u00e9changer, se mettre \u00e0 leur service, recevoir des enseignements. Les risques restent \u00e9lev\u00e9s ; les r\u00e9compenses (tr\u00e9sors, secrets) aussi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les et r\u00e9ception<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Parall\u00e8les germaniques et autres :<\/strong> g\u00e9ants, ogres, cyclopes \u2013 partout le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> de l&rsquo;\u00eatre surdimensionn\u00e9, stupide et dangereux, qui met les h\u00e9ros \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9preuve. Les J\u00f6tnar de l&rsquo;Edda sont mythiques, les trolls des contes populaires plus proches du quotidien.<\/p><p><strong>Tolkien et la fantasy<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Tolkien (1937, <em>The Hobbit<\/em>) int\u00e8gre la r\u00e8gle norv\u00e9gienne de la lumi\u00e8re du jour dans la fantasy moderne. Le Troll devient ainsi l&rsquo;adversaire standard dans les jeux de r\u00f4le, les romans de fantasy et les jeux vid\u00e9o.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>La modernit\u00e9 scandinave<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>En Norv\u00e8ge, le Troll reste une figure culturellement pr\u00e9sente, dans le tourisme (souvenirs de trolls, Trollveggen), le cin\u00e9ma (<em>Troll Hunter<\/em>, 2010 ; <em>Troll<\/em>, 2022), la litt\u00e9rature. Le sentiment m\u00eal\u00e9 \u00ab inqui\u00e9tant et charmant \u00e0 la fois \u00bb marque la construction de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 scandinave.<\/span><\/p><div><p><strong>R\u00f4le social et cosmologique dans la vision du monde nordique<\/strong><\/p><p>Dans la conception des cultures nordiques, les trolls n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas de simples monstres, mais un \u00e9l\u00e9ment int\u00e9gral de l&rsquo;ordre cosmologique. Ils habitaient des contr\u00e9es situ\u00e9es en dehors de la civilisation humaine et repr\u00e9sentaient une force qui ne pouvait \u00eatre assimil\u00e9e, mais devait \u00eatre respect\u00e9e ou redout\u00e9e.<\/p><p>La fronti\u00e8re entre l&rsquo;espace humain (Midgard) et l&rsquo;espace d\u00e9moniaque (J\u00f6tunheim) \u00e9tait souvent marqu\u00e9e par les trolls. Cette fonctionnalisation distinguait les trolls des simples d\u00e9mons mauvais, qui pouvaient exister sans ancrage cosmologique.<\/p><p>La tradition des trolls demeura vivante en Scandinavie tandis qu&rsquo;elle s&rsquo;estompait dans d&rsquo;autres parties de l&rsquo;Europe. Cela explique en partie pourquoi la fantasy moderne et les renaissances culturelles nordiques traitent la figure du Troll de fa\u00e7on si prominente ; elle n&rsquo;est pas une invention du XIXe si\u00e8cle, mais la continuation historiquement attest\u00e9e d&rsquo;une tradition jouissant d&rsquo;une continuit\u00e9 sur plusieurs si\u00e8cles.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8484c62 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8484c62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp925f628 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp925f628\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le Troll dans la tradition vieux-norroise<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b5733e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b5733e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf977c07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf977c07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le mot vieux-norrois <em>troll<\/em> est bien attest\u00e9 dans la litt\u00e9rature m\u00e9di\u00e9vale d&rsquo;Islande et de Scandinavie, mais son sens y est plus large et moins pr\u00e9cis que dans l&rsquo;usage moderne.<\/p><p>Dans les sagas et la po\u00e9sie eddique, <em>troll<\/em> ne d\u00e9signe pas une nature d&rsquo;\u00eatre clairement d\u00e9limit\u00e9e, mais toute une gamme d&rsquo;\u00eatres surnaturels dangereux. Il peut d\u00e9signer un g\u00e9ant, un monstre, un mort-vivant ou, de fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, un \u00eatre mal\u00e9fique dou\u00e9 de magie. Le mot apparent\u00e9 <em>trolld\u00f3mr<\/em> signifie simplement sorcellerie.<\/p><p>Dans les <em>\u00cdslendingas\u00f6gur<\/em>, les sagas islandaises, des \u00eatres de type troll apparaissent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comme une menace aux marges du monde habit\u00e9, dans les montagnes, dans les vall\u00e9es inaccessibles, sur la c\u00f4te.<\/p><p>Un groupe particulier est form\u00e9 par les <em>tr\u00f6llkonur<\/em>, les femmes-trolls, qui apparaissent dans plusieurs sagas et dans des vers scaldiques. La <em>Grettis saga<\/em> contient un \u00e9pisode c\u00e9l\u00e8bre o\u00f9 le h\u00e9ros banni Grettir combat une telle femme-troll ainsi qu&rsquo;un autre \u00eatre mal\u00e9fique.<\/p><p>La recherche en litt\u00e9rature vieux-norroise souligne que les textes m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux n&rsquo;offrent pas de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des r\u00e9cits divins transmis d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythologie<\/span> syst\u00e9matique des trolls. <em>Troll<\/em> est plut\u00f4t un terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique pour l&rsquo;Autre, l&rsquo;inqui\u00e9tant, ce qui se situe en dehors de l&rsquo;ordre humain et divin.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;image ferm\u00e9e et \u00e9vocatrice du troll dans les r\u00e9cits populaires ult\u00e9rieurs et, plus encore, dans la litt\u00e9rature enfantine moderne est un d\u00e9veloppement tardif. Qui veut saisir le Troll dans une perspective d&rsquo;histoire des religions doit accepter le flou des sources les plus anciennes et ne pas projeter l&rsquo;image moderne dans les sagas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ba61c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8ba61c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpec6ae86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpec6ae86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les trolls dans la l\u00e9gende populaire scandinave<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp48dcc90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp48dcc90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07b663b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp07b663b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&rsquo;image \u00e9vocatrice du troll que nous connaissons aujourd&rsquo;hui s&rsquo;est form\u00e9e principalement dans la l\u00e9gende populaire post-m\u00e9di\u00e9vale et a \u00e9t\u00e9 consign\u00e9e au XIXe si\u00e8cle par des collecteurs. En Norv\u00e8ge, Peter Christen Asbj\u00f8rnsen et J\u00f8rgen Moe ont accompli un important travail de collecte avec leurs <em>Norske Folkeeventyr<\/em> ; en Su\u00e8de, divers folkloristes ont rassembl\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux similaires. Dans cette <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> plus r\u00e9cente, le Troll acquiert des contours plus nets.<\/p><p>Il est d\u00e9sormais repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 principalement comme un \u00eatre habitant les montagnes, les rochers ou les collines, lourd, puissant, souvent stupide et susceptible d&rsquo;\u00eatre jou\u00e9 par les hommes. Des motifs r\u00e9currents sont son aversion pour le bruit, en particulier pour les cloches d&rsquo;\u00e9glise, sa demeure sous les ponts, sa richesse en b\u00e9tail et en tr\u00e9sors, et dans certaines traditions l&rsquo;id\u00e9e que la lumi\u00e8re du soleil le p\u00e9trifie.<\/p><p>Ce dernier <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> a un point d&rsquo;ancrage ancien : d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans la po\u00e9sie eddique, le nain Alv\u00edss se p\u00e9trifie parce qu&rsquo;il se laisse surprendre par le soleil levant.<\/p><p>Du point de vue du folklore, les l\u00e9gendes de trolls remplissaient plusieurs fonctions. Elles expliquaient des formations paysag\u00e8res frappantes, comme des rochers aux formes singuli\u00e8res interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s comme des trolls p\u00e9trifi\u00e9s. Elles marquaient la fronti\u00e8re entre le paysage cultiv\u00e9 et le paysage sauvage et avertissaient des dangers des contr\u00e9es d\u00e9sol\u00e9es. Et elles traitaient sous forme narrative la rencontre avec l&rsquo;\u00e9tranger.<\/p><p>Un type narratif r\u00e9pandu est celui des humains emmen\u00e9s par des trolls dans la montagne, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> \u00e9troitement apparent\u00e9 aux repr\u00e9sentations du souterrain et de l&rsquo;\u00eatre de la nature. La recherche en sciences des religions voit dans ce corpus narratif moins un syst\u00e8me de croyances qu&rsquo;un r\u00e9pertoire flexible permettant aux communaut\u00e9s rurales d&rsquo;interpr\u00e9ter leur environnement et leurs angoisses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd5d270c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd5d270c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9000042 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9000042\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">De la cr\u00e9ature terrifiante \u00e0 la figure de livre d'enfants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa6e0daa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa6e0daa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa7f65d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa7f65d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&rsquo;histoire de la r\u00e9ception du Troll aux XIXe et XXe si\u00e8cles constitue un exemple instructif du changement de sens d&rsquo;un \u00eatre spirituel. Le point de d\u00e9part fut la revalorisation romantique nationale de la tradition populaire en Scandinavie. Le Troll passa d&rsquo;une pure figure de terreur \u00e0 un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d&rsquo;identit\u00e9 nationale et d&rsquo;inspiration artistique.<\/p><p>Le peintre su\u00e9dois John Bauer imprima, avec ses illustrations pour l&rsquo;anthologie <em>Bland tomtar och troll<\/em> au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, une image influente du troll massif, noueux, habitant la for\u00eat.<\/p><p>Au cours du XXe si\u00e8cle, l&rsquo;image se d\u00e9pla\u00e7a encore plus nettement vers le sympathique et l&rsquo;adapt\u00e9 aux enfants. L&rsquo;auteure finlando-su\u00e9doise Tove Jansson cr\u00e9a avec les <em>Moumine<\/em> des \u00eatres-trolls ronds et bienveillants n&rsquo;ayant presque plus rien en commun avec le troll mena\u00e7ant des l\u00e9gendes.<\/p><p>Dans l&rsquo;industrie du jouet et du divertissement, le Troll devint une figure inoffensive, souvent mignonne. Parall\u00e8lement, l&rsquo;image du grand Troll stupide et dangereux surv\u00e9cut dans la litt\u00e9rature fantastique, influenc\u00e9e par l&rsquo;\u0153uvre de J. R. R. Tolkien.<\/p><p>Pour l&rsquo;analyse scientifique, cette \u00e9volution est instructive, car elle montre comment un \u00eatre peut perdre sa fonction et en acqu\u00e9rir de nouvelles. Le troll des l\u00e9gendes \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 des angoisses concr\u00e8tes et \u00e0 un paysage particulier.<\/p><p>Le Troll moderne est lib\u00e9r\u00e9 de cet ancrage et peut, selon les besoins, incarner le mignon, le comique ou le monstrueux. Le mot su\u00e9dois <em>troll<\/em> a ainsi retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 sa fa\u00e7on son ancienne amplitude s\u00e9mantique : il d\u00e9signe aujourd&rsquo;hui presque tout ce qu&rsquo;un r\u00e9cit attend de lui.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liens compl\u00e9mentaires<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Liens internes recommand\u00e9s :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/fr\/germanique\/\">Germanisch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/alp\/\">Alp<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/draugr\/\">Draugr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/nix\/\">Nix<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/mahr\/\">Mahr<\/a><\/li><li>Les J\u00f6tnar de l&rsquo;Edda et la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des r\u00e9cits divins transmis d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythologie<\/span> nordique<\/li><li>Tolkien et la fantasy moderne<\/li><li>Parall\u00e8les : ogre, cyclope, g\u00e9ant<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources et bibliographie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Une s\u00e9lection de travaux essentiels sur le Troll :<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lindow, John : <em>Trolls. An Unnatural History<\/em>. Londres 2014.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Simpson, Jacqueline : <em>Scandinavian Folktales<\/em>. Harmondsworth 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kvideland, Reimund \/ Sehmsdorf, Henning : <em>Scandinavian Folk Belief and Legend<\/em>. Minneapolis 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Tangherlini, Timothy R. : <em>Interpreting Legend<\/em>. New York 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>L\u00f6nnroth, Lars : <em>Den dubbla scenen<\/em>. Stockholm 1978.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>D&rsquo;autres ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans le <a href=\"\/fr\/bibliographie\/\">r\u00e9pertoire bibliographique<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-troll-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-troll-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-troll\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-troll-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-troll-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">La pratique de protection d\u00e9crite ici constitue une mise en contexte scientifique des traditions historiques. iWell Guard s&rsquo;inscrit dans cette lign\u00e9e culturelle et historique d&rsquo;objets de protection et en repr\u00e9sente une forme contemporaine. <a href=\"\/fr\/a-propos-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">En savoir plus sur l&rsquo;iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-faq-eb1ce4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"wv-troll-faq-eb1ce4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-faq-col-d45809\" data-id=\"wv-troll-faq-col-d45809\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"wv-troll-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur le Troll<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wv-troll-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Qu&rsquo;est-ce qu&rsquo;un Troll dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des r\u00e9cits divins transmis d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythologie<\/span> ?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Un Troll est un \u00eatre de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des r\u00e9cits divins transmis d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythologie<\/span> nordique et germanique, qui vit dans les montagnes, les for\u00eats et sous les ponts. Les trolls sont r\u00e9put\u00e9s grands, maladroits, souvent stupides, mais d&rsquo;une force dangereuse. Dans la tradition vieux-norroise (Edda, sagas), les trolls sont d\u00e9crits comme une race de g\u00e9ants, apparent\u00e9s aux J\u00f6tunn. La tradition de la fantasy moderne a profond\u00e9ment modifi\u00e9 cette image.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Quels types de trolls existe-t-il ?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>La tradition vieux-norroise conna\u00eet plusieurs types de trolls : les trolls des montagnes (habitants des falaises), les trolls des eaux (dans les rivi\u00e8res et les lacs), les trolls des collines et les plus petits Hus-Tomten de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La culture populaire transmise avec ses coutumes, r\u00e9cits et chansons.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folklore<\/span> su\u00e9dois. Les trolls se p\u00e9trifient \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du soleil, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> qui revient dans de nombreuses l\u00e9gendes norv\u00e9giennes sur les formations rocheuses.<\/p>\n<\/details>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-troll-s elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wv-troll-s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was ist ein Troll in der Mythologie?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ein Troll ist ein Wesen der nordischen und germanischen Mythologie, das in Bergen, W\\u00e4ldern und unter Br\\u00fccken lebt. Trolle gelten als gro\\u00df, ungeschlacht, oft dumm, aber gef\\u00e4hrlich stark. In der altnordischen Tradition (Edda, Sagas) werden Trolle als Riesengeschlecht beschrieben \\u2014 Verwandte der J\\u00f6tunn. Die moderne Fantasy-Tradition hat das Bild stark abgewandelt.\"}},\n    {\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Welche Arten von Trollen gibt es?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Die altnordische Tradition kennt mehrere Troll-Typen: Bergtrolle (Klippenbewohner), Wassertrolle (in Fl\\u00fcssen und Seen), H\\u00fcgeltrolle und die kleineren Hus-Tomten der schwedischen Folklore. Trolle versteinern bei Sonneneinfall \\u2014 ein Motiv, das in vielen norwegischen Felsformations-Sagen wiederkehrt.\"}}\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1570,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Troll","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Troll \u2013 esprit de la tradition germanique | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Le Troll, \u00eatre montagnard gigantesque de la tradition germanique, entre le thurs de l'Edda et l'ogre des contes populaires.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"germanisch","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[305,306,29,310,51,25],"class_list":["post-11178","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-esprits","category-geister","category-germanique","category-germanisch","category-kulturen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Troll \u2013 esprit de la tradition germanique | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Troll, \u00eatre montagnard gigantesque de la tradition germanique, entre le thurs de l&#039;Edda et l&#039;ogre des contes populaires.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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