{"id":10808,"date":"2026-04-21T12:21:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T12:21:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/jiangshi-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T14:47:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:47:47","slug":"jiangshi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/jiangshi\/","title":{"rendered":"Jiangshi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10808\" class=\"elementor elementor-10808 elementor-1214\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jiangshi, esprit de la tradition chinoise<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Le cadavre bondissant, la figure vampirique propre \u00e0 la Chine.<\/strong> Comme esprit de la tradition chinoise, Jiangshi incarne le cadavre bondissant devenu figure vampirique typique du pays.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esprit : entit\u00e9 incorporelle ou semi-corporelle, d\u00e9funts, \u00eatres de la nature, esprits domestiques ou gardiens des seuils. Agit dans la vie quotidienne, souvent li\u00e9 \u00e0 des lieux ou \u00e0 des familles.\">Geist<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/chine\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dieux, esprits et religion populaire chinoise, tao\u00efste, bouddhiste, confuc\u00e9enne.\">China<\/a><a href=\"\/fr\/esprits-des-morts\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9funts dont les esprits continuent d'agir dans ce monde, esprits domestiques, anc\u00eatres, morts sans repos.\">Totengeist<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_jiangshi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-131219\" alt=\"Jiangshi - esprits de la tradition chinoise, illustration historique\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_jiangshi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_jiangshi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_jiangshi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_jiangshi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jiangshi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le Jiangshi (\u50f5\u5c38, \u00ab cadavre rigide \u00bb) est l&rsquo;une des figures les plus embl\u00e9matiques de la d\u00e9monologie chinoise et constitue en m\u00eame temps un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> d&rsquo;horreur mondialement connu. Un revenant corporellement pr\u00e9sent, typiquement v\u00eatu de la tenue officielle de la dynastie Qing, les bras tendus, les membres raides et se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant de mani\u00e8re caract\u00e9ristique en bonds.<\/p><p>Son souffle est mortel : les Jiangshi identifient les vivants \u00e0 leur souffle ; celui qui retient sa respiration est en s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Ils n&rsquo;aspirent pas le sang, mais le <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans la conception chinoise, la force vitale agissante qui traverse toute chose.\" tabindex=\"0\">qi<\/span><\/em> (\u00e9nergie vitale) ou le <em>yang <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans la conception chinoise, la force vitale agissante qui traverse toute chose.\" tabindex=\"0\">qi<\/span><\/em>, ce qui les rend structurellement diff\u00e9rents du vampire europ\u00e9en, mais fonctionnellement apparent\u00e9s.<\/p><p>La conception du Jiangshi a plusieurs racines. Une explication populaire : les \u00ab cadavres voyageurs \u00bb \u2013 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Qing, des morts \u00e9taient souvent retrouv\u00e9s loin de chez eux ; des pr\u00eatres tao\u00efstes les auraient conduits en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une procession religieuse solennelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">procession<\/span> la nuit pour les ramener dans leur r\u00e9gion natale (\u00ab Xiang Xi Gan Shi \u00bb, \u00ab faire marcher les cadavres depuis Xiang Xi \u00bb).<\/p><p>Une autre racine : les d\u00e9funts dont l&rsquo;\u00e2me ne pouvait quitter la tombe se transformaient en Jiangshi. La r\u00e9ception moderne, principalement par les films de Hong Kong des ann\u00e9es 1980 (<em>Encounters of the Spooky Kind<\/em> de Sammo Hung, <em>Mr. Vampire<\/em> de Lam Ching-Ying), a fait conna\u00eetre le Jiangshi dans le monde entier.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil succinct : Jiangshi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> Revenant corporel, aspirateur de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans la conception chinoise, la force vitale agissante qui traverse toute chose.\" tabindex=\"0\">Qi<\/span><br>Origine : <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Croyances et pratiques religieuses r\u00e9pandues dans la vie quotidienne.\" tabindex=\"0\">Croyance populaire<\/span> de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Qing, possiblement issue des pratiques tao\u00efstes de transport de cadavres<br>Textes : Zi Bu Yu de Yuan Mei, carnets de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Qing, film de Hong Kong<br>P\u00e9riode : Dynastie Qing jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 nos jours<br>Faiblesse : retenir le souffle, talismans, sang de coq<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9riode des textes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La croyance populaire de la dynastie Qing (XVIIe\u2013XIXe s.) comme point d&rsquo;origine. Le <em>Zi Bu Yu<\/em> (XVIIIe s.) de Yuan Mei et d&rsquo;autres recueils de carnets d\u00e9crivent des rencontres avec des Jiangshi. Les films de Hong Kong des ann\u00e9es 1980 \u00e9tablissent l&rsquo;image moderne. Depuis les ann\u00e9es 2000, r\u00e9ception internationale dans les jeux vid\u00e9o, l&rsquo;anime et la fantasy occidentale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aire de diffusion<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&rsquo;espace culturel chinois, en particulier le sud de la Chine et Ta\u00efwan. Rendu mondialement c\u00e9l\u00e8bre par le cin\u00e9ma de Hong Kong. Les communaut\u00e9s modernes de la diaspora chinoise entretiennent la tradition. Les films japonais et cor\u00e9ens adaptent le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tat des sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le <em>Zi Bu Yu<\/em> de Yuan Mei (XVIIIe s.), le <em>Yuewei Caotang Biji<\/em> de Ji Yun, les carnets de la dynastie Qing, la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Science qui \u00e9tudie la culture quotidienne, les coutumes et les repr\u00e9sentations transmises.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkloristique<\/span> moderne, la filmographie (en particulier les films de vampires de Hong Kong des ann\u00e9es 1980 et 1990).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9signation et variantes orthographiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Chinois :<\/strong> \u50f5\u5c38 (<em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em>), \u00ab cadavre rigide \u00bb ; r\u00e9gionalement aussi \u8df3\u5c4d (<em>ti\u00e0osh\u012b<\/em>, \u00ab cadavre bondissant \u00bb).<br>Japonais : <em>Kyonsh\u012b<\/em> (emprunt direct).<br>Anglais : \u00ab hopping vampire \u00bb, \u00ab Chinese zombie \u00bb, ces deux termes occultent des aspects importants.<br>\u00c9tymologie : \u50f5 (\u00ab rigide, raide \u00bb) + \u5c38 (\u00ab cadavre \u00bb), le nom d\u00e9crit la particularit\u00e9 la plus frappante.<br>Gradations : jeune Jiangshi (faible), vieux Jiangshi aux cheveux verd\u00e2tres et aux griffes (puissant), Jiangshi \u00ab royal \u00bb aux cheveux blancs (dangereux).<\/p><p>La tenue officielle de la dynastie Qing dans la repr\u00e9sentation classique est historiquement significative : elle marque le Jiangshi comme appartenant \u00e0 \u00ab une autre \u00e9poque \u00bb et correspond \u00e0 la perception d&rsquo;\u00e9tranget\u00e9 du peuple sous la domination mandchoue. Les films modernes ont \u00e9tabli cette <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9tude des contenus iconographiques et de leur signification.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconographie<\/span> dans le monde entier.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apparence<\/strong><\/p><p>Raide, les bras tendus (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> de la rigidit\u00e9 cadav\u00e9rique), p\u00e2le-verd\u00e2tre ou gris\u00e2tre. V\u00eatement : tenue de fonctionnaire Qing avec chapeau rond et talismans. D\u00e9placement : par bonds, non en marchant. Yeux souvent rouge lumineux. Pour les Jiangshi puissants : longs cheveux blancs, griffes, force surnaturelle.<\/p><p><strong>Comportement<\/strong><\/p><p>Actif la nuit. Identifie les vivants \u00e0 leur souffle ; celui qui retient sa respiration est en s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Aspire l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans la conception chinoise, la force vitale agissante qui traverse toute chose.\" tabindex=\"0\">Qi<\/span>, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement par la respiration ou une morsure au cou. Peut d\u00e9cimer des villages entiers s&rsquo;il n&rsquo;est pas combattu \u00e0 temps.<\/p><p><strong>Domaine d&rsquo;action<\/strong><\/p><p>Tombes, tumulus, villages abandonn\u00e9s, chemins la nuit. Plus actif par temps de pluie et d&rsquo;orage (renforcement du yin). Particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9sent dans la tradition populaire des r\u00e9gions rurales du sud de la Chine.<\/p><p><strong>Classement mythologique<\/strong><\/p><p>D\u00e9funt dont l&rsquo;\u00e2me ne quitte pas la tombe, en raison d&rsquo;une inhumation incorrecte, d&rsquo;une mort violente, d&rsquo;un manque de soins fun\u00e9raires, ou d&rsquo;une blessure inflig\u00e9e par de mauvais esprits au niveau du cercueil. Interpr\u00e9tation tao\u00efste : exc\u00e8s de <em>yin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans la conception chinoise, la force vitale agissante qui traverse toute chose.\" tabindex=\"0\">qi<\/span><\/em> sur le <em>yang <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans la conception chinoise, la force vitale agissante qui traverse toute chose.\" tabindex=\"0\">qi<\/span><\/em> dans le cadavre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil : Jiangshi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les aspects essentiels du Jiangshi en un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origine du Jiangshi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u00e9funt dont l&rsquo;\u00e2me n&rsquo;a pas quitt\u00e9 la tombe ; tao\u00efstement : d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre yin-yang dans le cadavre. Possiblement litt\u00e9raris\u00e9 \u00e0 partir du <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des coutumes transmises d'une communaut\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> tao\u00efste de transport de cadavres.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cibles d'action<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Communaut\u00e9s villageoises rurales, visiteurs de cimeti\u00e8res, voyageurs de nuit, familles ayant des proches mal inhum\u00e9s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Repr\u00e9sentation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tenue officielle Qing, bras raides et tendus, p\u00e2le-verd\u00e2tre. D\u00e9placement par bonds. Pour les plus puissants : cheveux blancs, griffes, yeux lumineux.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activit\u00e9<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aspire le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans la conception chinoise, la force vitale agissante qui traverse toute chose.\" tabindex=\"0\">Qi<\/span> (\u00e9nergie vitale) des vivants, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement par la respiration. Peut exterminer des villages. La transmission par morsure est possible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Moyens de protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Retenir sa respiration (le Jiangshi ne reconna\u00eet les vivants qu&rsquo;\u00e0 leur souffle), coller des talismans Fu sur le front, \u00e9p\u00e9e en bois de p\u00eacher, sang de coq, riz gluant (effet paralysant), incin\u00e9ration c\u00e9r\u00e9monielle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les au Jiangshi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"\/fr\/upyr\/\">Upyr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/draugr\/\">Draugr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a>, Vetala (hindouisme), la figure du zombie moderne, Dracula de Bram Stoker.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9fense et exorcisme tao\u00efste<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Premi\u00e8re rencontre<\/h3><p>R\u00e8gle la plus importante : retenir sa respiration. Les Jiangshi s&rsquo;orientent \u00e0 l&rsquo;expiration. Ne pas fuir, le d\u00e9placement par bonds est \u00e9tonnamment rapide. Rester immobile et attendre qu&rsquo;ils bondissent au-del\u00e0.<\/p><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsion rituelle d'un esprit ou d'un d\u00e9mon consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme nuisible.\" tabindex=\"0\">Exorcisme<\/span> du Daoshi<\/h3><p>Le pr\u00eatre tao\u00efste (<em>Daoshi<\/em>) colle un papier Fu jaune \u00e0 l&rsquo;encre rouge sur le front du Jiangshi, ce qui le paralyse. Ensuite, \u00e9p\u00e9e en bois de p\u00eacher et sang de coq. Destruction finale par incin\u00e9ration, cendres jet\u00e9es dans la rivi\u00e8re. Les films de Hong Kong ont rendu cette s\u00e9quence iconique.<\/p><h3>Inhumation pr\u00e9ventive<\/h3><p>Soins fun\u00e9raires minutieux, chant fun\u00e8bre en sept parties, objets protecteurs dans le cercueil, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Invocation de gr\u00e2ce et de protection, souvent sous une forme verbale fixe.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00e9n\u00e9diction<\/span> tao\u00efste avant la fermeture. Bois de p\u00eacher sur la tombe, tissus rouges. Tablettes ancestrales dans la famille avec offrandes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9ception et modernit\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Film de vampires de Hong Kong<\/h3><p>Les ann\u00e9es 1980 furent l&rsquo;\u00e2ge d&rsquo;or du film de Jiangshi. <em>Encounters of the Spooky Kind<\/em> (1980) de Sammo Hung lance la tendance. <em>Mr. Vampire<\/em> (1985) de Ricky Lau avec Lam Ching-Ying en Daoshi devient iconique. La s\u00e9rie se poursuit jusqu&rsquo;aux ann\u00e9es 1990 et \u00e9tablit le genre.<\/p><h3>Voisins d&rsquo;Asie orientale<\/h3><p>Le Kyonsh\u012b japonais est int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;anime et le manga, parfois humoris\u00e9 (Jiangshi chantant au karaok\u00e9 dans des \u00e9missions comiques). Les films de zombies cor\u00e9ens des ann\u00e9es 2010 (<em>Train to Busan<\/em>) reprennent des motifs.<\/p><h3>Jeux vid\u00e9o et fantasy<\/h3><p>Des jeux vid\u00e9o comme <em>Phantom Fighter<\/em> (1988) et des jeux mobiles modernes ont diffus\u00e9 le Jiangshi dans le monde entier. Les jeux de r\u00f4le fantasy (Dungeons &amp; Dragons) l&rsquo;int\u00e8grent comme monstre sp\u00e9cifique. Dans la culture populaire de Hong Kong, il reste une figure embl\u00e9matique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp131a655 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp131a655\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfaeff08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfaeff08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les deux \u00e2mes et la logique du cadavre agit\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f72591 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2f72591\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp47fc4fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp47fc4fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour comprendre le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em>, le \u00ab cadavre rigide \u00bb, il faut conna\u00eetre la conception chinoise de l&rsquo;\u00e2me multiple.<\/p><p>La doctrine r\u00e9pandue distingue deux complexes d&rsquo;\u00e2mes : les \u00e2mes <em>h\u00fan<\/em>, associ\u00e9es au Yang, de nature l\u00e9g\u00e8re et spirituelle, qui apr\u00e8s la mort s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8vent ou entrent dans la tablette ancestrale, et les \u00e2mes <em>p\u00f2<\/em>, associ\u00e9es au Yin, plus lourdes, li\u00e9es au corps, qui demeurent avec le cadavre dans la terre.<\/p><p>Dans le cas ordonn\u00e9, les composantes de l&rsquo;\u00e2me se s\u00e9parent proprement \u00e0 la mort, le corps est inhum\u00e9, le <em>h\u00fan<\/em> est entretenu par le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00e9n\u00e9ration des d\u00e9funts d'une famille en tant que puissances protectrices continuant d'agir.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte des anc\u00eatres<\/span>, le <em>p\u00f2<\/em> repose avec le cadavre. Le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> na\u00eet lorsque cet ordre est perturb\u00e9.<\/p><p>Si les \u00e2mes <em>p\u00f2<\/em> restent actives et que le <em>h\u00fan<\/em> n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement lib\u00e9r\u00e9 \u2013 par exemple parce que le d\u00e9funt n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 correctement inhum\u00e9, parce qu&rsquo;il est mort loin de chez lui, parce qu&rsquo;une mort violente ou non veng\u00e9e est survenue \u2013 alors le cadavre peut se mouvoir, sans qu&rsquo;un \u00eatre humain complet et conscient y r\u00e9side.<\/p><p>Le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> n&rsquo;est donc pas un d\u00e9funt r\u00e9veill\u00e9 avec une conscience, mais un corps anim\u00e9 par les composantes inf\u00e9rieures de l&rsquo;\u00e2me, mu par l&rsquo;instinct et sans personnalit\u00e9.<\/p><p>Cette conception explique ses traits caract\u00e9ristiques : la rigidit\u00e9, qui l&rsquo;oblige \u00e0 avancer en bondissant car le corps n&rsquo;est plus anim\u00e9 avec souplesse, et son instinct d&rsquo;arracher la force vitale <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans la conception chinoise, la force vitale agissante qui traverse toute chose.\" tabindex=\"0\">qi<\/span><\/em> aux autres, car lui-m\u00eame manque de ce qui fait un \u00eatre vivant. Le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> est l&rsquo;incarnation d&rsquo;une s\u00e9paration manqu\u00e9e entre le corps et l&rsquo;\u00e2me.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp54b79cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp54b79cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpece7b3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpece7b3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le retour des morts et l'origine dans une pratique r\u00e9elle<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6181bdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6181bdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8575ab8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8575ab8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Une approche explicative tr\u00e8s discut\u00e9e relie la croyance au <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> \u00e0 une pratique sociale concr\u00e8te : le transport de cadavres sur de longues distances pour les inhumer dans leur r\u00e9gion natale. Il \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme important qu&rsquo;une personne soit enterr\u00e9e dans la terre de ses anc\u00eatres.<\/p><p>Celui qui mourait loin de chez lui, par exemple en tant que travailleur migrant, devait \u00eatre ramen\u00e9. La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>, notamment celle du sud de la Chine, conna\u00eet \u00e0 cet effet la conception du \u00ab d\u00e9placement des cadavres \u00bb, dans laquelle des hommes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s transportaient les morts de nuit \u00e0 travers le pays.<\/p><p>Dans la version populaire, les cadavres \u00e9taient transport\u00e9s debout et conduits en rang, souvent d\u00e9crits comme guid\u00e9s par un tao\u00efste marchant en t\u00eate avec une cloche, de sorte que les morts suivaient en une sorte de pas bondissant.<\/p><p>La part de pratique r\u00e9elle et la part de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un r\u00e9cit \u00e9difiant, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement relatif \u00e0 la vie de saints.\" tabindex=\"0\">l\u00e9gende<\/span> dans ce tableau font l&rsquo;objet de d\u00e9bats dans la recherche ; de nombreux \u00e9l\u00e9ments sugg\u00e8rent que les difficult\u00e9s pratiques du transport de cadavres et le go\u00fbt populaire pour le r\u00e9cit se sont combin\u00e9s pour former cette image.<\/p><p>Ind\u00e9pendamment du noyau historique pr\u00e9cis, cet ensemble explique de mani\u00e8re plausible deux caract\u00e9ristiques essentielles du <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> : la posture droite et rigide et le d\u00e9placement bondissant. Du point de vue des sciences des religions, ce cas est un exemple de la fa\u00e7on dont une figure surnaturelle s&rsquo;attache \u00e0 une pr\u00e9occupation sociale r\u00e9elle.<\/p><p>La peur de mourir en terre \u00e9trang\u00e8re, de l&rsquo;impossibilit\u00e9 du retour et du trouble de la paix des morts qui en d\u00e9coule \u00e9tait r\u00e9elle. Le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> a donn\u00e9 une forme concr\u00e8te \u00e0 cette peur : le mort qui ne trouve pas le chemin du retour et qui, pour cette raison, erre lui-m\u00eame, inachev\u00e9 et dangereux.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp481166a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp481166a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33e0864 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp33e0864\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les moyens de protection et leur logique symbolique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf4896d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf4896d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpab891b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpab891b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les moyens de protection contre le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> sont richement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> et suivent une logique symbolique coh\u00e9rente. Le plus connu est le billet d&rsquo;interdiction, une bandelette de papier jaune \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9criture rouge, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par un sp\u00e9cialiste tao\u00efste et coll\u00e9e sur le front du cadavre.<\/p><p>Il n&rsquo;agit pas par la force physique, mais par le mot \u00e9crit de la tradition rituelle, qui lie et immobilise le corps agit\u00e9.<\/p><p>D&rsquo;autres moyens ciblent la nature yin du <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em>. Comme il est un \u00eatre purement yin, les choses qui incarnent un yang puissant agissent contre lui : le bois du p\u00eacher, qui dans la tradition chinoise est depuis toujours consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme repoussant les d\u00e9mons, le sang de certains animaux, le feu, le lever du soleil, la lumi\u00e8re.<\/p><p>Le riz gluant joue \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> en tant que substance purifiante. Le miroir peut repousser le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em>, et les sons tels que le chant du coq, qui annonce l&rsquo;aube, le font reculer.<\/p><p>Un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> particulier est celui de la retenue du souffle. Comme le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> est aveugle dans de nombreux r\u00e9cits et rep\u00e8re ses <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Offrande faite \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer gratitude, demande ou v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">victimes<\/span> au souffle, on peut lui \u00e9chapper en retenant sa respiration et en restant immobile. Cette conception le relie \u00e0 l&rsquo;image d&rsquo;un \u00eatre m\u00fb par l&rsquo;instinct, non pensant, qui ne r\u00e9agit qu&rsquo;\u00e0 des stimuli simples.<\/p><p>Dans l&rsquo;ensemble, les moyens de protection montrent que la croyance au <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> \u00e9tait fermement ancr\u00e9e dans la culture rituelle tao\u00efste et dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Conception de la structure et de l'ordre du monde au sein d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologie<\/span> yin-yang. Ces moyens ne sont pas des ruses arbitraires, mais d\u00e9coulent de la nature de l&rsquo;\u00eatre : contre un cadavre yin inachev\u00e9, ce qui incarne le yang, l&rsquo;\u00e9criture et l&rsquo;ordre est efficace.<\/p><p>Dans la culture populaire moderne, en particulier dans le cin\u00e9ma de Hong Kong des ann\u00e9es 1980, ce r\u00e9pertoire est devenu la base d&rsquo;un genre cin\u00e9matographique propre, qui a fait conna\u00eetre le <em>ji\u0101ngsh\u012b<\/em> bien au-del\u00e0 de la Chine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liens compl\u00e9mentaires<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liens internes recommand\u00e9s :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/fr\/chine\/\">Chine (tao\u00efsme et croyance populaire)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/gui\/\">Gui<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/yaoguai\/\">Yaoguai<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/e-gui\/\">E Gui<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/huli-jing\/\">Huli Jing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/upyr\/\">Upyr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/draugr\/\">Draugr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/vetala\/\">Vetala<\/a> (hindouisme), parall\u00e8les<\/li><li>Tao\u00efste Fu \u2013 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un objet auquel on attribue le pouvoir d'apporter bonheur ou succ\u00e8s.\" tabindex=\"0\">talisman<\/span> \u2013 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques qui cherchent \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuli\u00e8res.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span><\/li><li>Genre du film de vampires de Hong Kong<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliographie (s\u00e9lection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Une s\u00e9lection de travaux centraux sur le Jiangshi :<\/p><ul><li>Yuan Mei : <em>Zi Bu Yu. Ce que le ma\u00eetre ne racontait pas<\/em>. Traductions partielles en diff\u00e9rentes langues.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Pu, Shiyong : \u00ab From Corpse to Vampire. The Jiangshi in Qing Dynasty Tales. \u00bb In : <em>Chinese Literature. Essays, Articles, Reviews<\/em> 25 (2003).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Jin, Sang : <em>Chinese Vampire Movies 1980, 1990<\/em>. Hong Kong 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Barber, Paul : <em>Vampires, Burial, and Death<\/em>. New Haven 1988 (mise en perspective comparatiste).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Brunello, Annalisa : <em>The Monstrous in Modern China<\/em>. Diss. 2018.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>D&rsquo;autres ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans la <a href=\"\/fr\/bibliographie\/\">bibliographie<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-jiangshi-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-jiangshi-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-jiangshi\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-jiangshi-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-jiangshi-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">La pratique de protection d\u00e9crite ici constitue une mise en contexte historico-religieuse de traditions historiques. iWell Guard s&rsquo;inscrit dans cette lign\u00e9e culturelle d&rsquo;objets de protection transmissibles et en repr\u00e9sente une forme contemporaine. <a href=\"\/fr\/a-propos-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">En savoir plus sur l&rsquo;iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1659,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Jiangshi","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Jiangshi \u2013 esprit de la tradition chinoise","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Le Jiangshi (\u50f5\u5c38, \u00ab cadavre rigide \u00bb) est l'une des figures les plus embl\u00e9matiques de la d\u00e9monologie chinoise et un motif 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