{"id":10717,"date":"2026-04-21T13:17:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gwishin-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T14:45:53","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:45:53","slug":"gwishin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/gwishin\/","title":{"rendered":"Gwishin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10717\" class=\"elementor elementor-10717 elementor-1331\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin, esprit de la tradition cor\u00e9enne<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwishin est un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> de la tradition cor\u00e9enne.<\/p><p>Esprits des morts de la tradition cor\u00e9enne, revenant en raison d&rsquo;une affaire inachev\u00e9e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esprit : entit\u00e9 incorporelle ou semi-corporelle, d\u00e9funts, \u00eatres de la nature, esprits domestiques ou gardiens de seuil. Agit dans la vie quotidienne, souvent li\u00e9 \u00e0 des lieux ou \u00e0 des familles.\">Esprit<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/coree\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Univers cor\u00e9en des dieux, des chamanes et des esprits populaires.\">Korea<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1705\" alt=\"Gwishin - Geister aus der Korea-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwishin (\uadc0\uc2e0, \u9b3c\u795e) est le terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique cor\u00e9en d\u00e9signant les esprits des morts. Litt\u00e9ralement, il signifie \u00ab <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> et <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 comme divin au sein d'une religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinit\u00e9<\/span> \u00bb, mais dans l&rsquo;usage actuel, ce sont les esprits des morts qui occupent le premier plan.<\/p><p>Les Gwishin sont des personnes dont les \u00e2mes n&rsquo;ont pas trouv\u00e9 le chemin ordinaire vers l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0 apr\u00e8s la mort, que ce soit en raison d&rsquo;une affaire inachev\u00e9e, d&rsquo;une injustice non r\u00e9par\u00e9e, d&rsquo;une s\u00e9pulture manquante ou de rites ancestraux omis (<em>jesa<\/em>).<\/p><p>La repr\u00e9sentation classique est celle d&rsquo;une femme en v\u00eatements de deuil blancs (<em>sobok<\/em>) avec de longs cheveux noirs couvrant le visage. Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> est iconographiquement proche du Y\u016brei japonais, mais poss\u00e8de son propre arri\u00e8re-plan marqu\u00e9 par le confucianisme.<\/p><div><h3>La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>La documentation \u00e9crite des cas de Gwishin s&rsquo;est multipli\u00e9e sous la dynastie Joseon (1392\u20131897). Les recueils <em>yadam<\/em> (traditions orales) et <em>paesol<\/em> (anecdotes) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consign\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re syst\u00e9matique \u00e0 partir du XVe si\u00e8cle. Ces textes rapportent des Gwishin per\u00e7us par des t\u00e9moins.<\/span><\/p><p>Ils se distinguent des r\u00e9cits de revenants europ\u00e9ens en ce qu&rsquo;ils ne pr\u00e9sentent pas le Gwishin comme une force mal\u00e9fique autonome, mais comme une personne d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e qui r\u00e9clame de l&rsquo;attention. La confucianisation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 partir du XVIe si\u00e8cle a renforc\u00e9 le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> : un mort sans rites ancestraux convenables serait moralement perdu et ne pourrait pas reposer en paix.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vue d'ensemble rapide : Gwishin<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> esprit des morts<br>Origine : d\u00e9funts humains avec une affaire inachev\u00e9e<br>Textes : Samguk Yusa, recueils yadam de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon, textes rituels chamaniques<br>D\u00e9clencheurs : injustice non r\u00e9par\u00e9e, rites ancestraux omis, mort violente<br>Protection : jesa, gut chamanique, c\u00e9r\u00e9monies bouddhistes des morts<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9riode des textes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La notion d&rsquo;esprits des morts agit\u00e9s est pr\u00e9sente en Cor\u00e9e depuis les plus anciennes sources \u00e9crites. Dans le Samguk Yusa (vers 1281), on trouve des \u00e9pisodes de morts qui reviennent. Avec l&rsquo;affermissement du confucianisme \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon (1392\u20131910), le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> du d\u00e9funt rendu agit\u00e9 par l&rsquo;absence de rites ancestraux passe au premier plan.<\/p><p>Les recueils <em>yadam<\/em> et <em>paesol<\/em> de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon contiennent d&rsquo;innombrables histoires de Gwishin, mises par \u00e9crit aux XIXe et XXe si\u00e8cles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aire de diffusion<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les r\u00e9cits de Gwishin sont r\u00e9pandus dans toutes les r\u00e9gions de Cor\u00e9e. Les traditions narratives sont particuli\u00e8rement denses autour des anciens tribunaux, des vieilles \u00e9coles et acad\u00e9mies confuc\u00e9ennes (<em>seowon<\/em>), des postes militaires et des fosses communes li\u00e9es aux \u00e9pid\u00e9mies. La litt\u00e9rature contemporaine et les K-Dramas font souvent appel aux h\u00f4pitaux, aux \u00e9coles et aux stations de m\u00e9tro comme d\u00e9cors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tat des sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sources principales : Iry\u014fn, Samguk Yusa (vers 1281) ; recueils yadam de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon ; textes rituels chamaniques consign\u00e9s aux XIXe et XXe si\u00e8cles.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence modernes : Kim Tae-gon (1981), Kendall (1985, 2009 \u00ab Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF \u00bb), Walraven (1994). Pour le cin\u00e9ma et la litt\u00e9rature : nombreux travaux sur le genre \u00ab K-Horror \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9signation et variantes orthographiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 comme divin au sein d'une religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinit\u00e9<\/span> \u00bb, compos\u00e9 de \u9b3c (\u00ab <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span>, \u00e2me du mort \u00bb) et de \u795e (\u00ab <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 comme divin au sein d'une religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinit\u00e9<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> \u00bb).<\/p><ul><li><strong>Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/strong> (\ucc98\ub140\uadc0\uc2e0), esprit d&rsquo;une jeune fille morte ; femme d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e sans s&rsquo;\u00eatre mari\u00e9e.<\/li><li>Mongdal-gwishin (\ubabd\ub2ec\uadc0\uc2e0), pendant masculin ; homme d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 sans s&rsquo;\u00eatre mari\u00e9.<\/li><li>Son-gaksi, apparent\u00e9 \u00e0 Cheonyeo dans les r\u00e9cits populaires.<\/li><li>Mul-gwishin, esprits des eaux ; g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des noy\u00e9s.<\/li><li>Dalgyal-gwishin, \u00ab <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span>-\u0153uf \u00bb ; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> sans visage, variante locale.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apparence.<\/strong> La repr\u00e9sentation classique : jeune femme en kimono de deuil blanc (<em>sobok<\/em>), longs cheveux noirs devant le visage, peau p\u00e2le, mains tombant mollement. Certaines variantes n&rsquo;ont pas de bouche ou pas d&rsquo;yeux.<\/p><p>Comportement. Les Gwishin apparaissent sur les lieux de leur mort ou de leur affaire non r\u00e9solue. Ils parlent rarement, se lamentent, font conna\u00eetre leur requ\u00eate aux pr\u00e9sents par des r\u00eaves ou des gestes muets. Ils agissent par des troubles de la perception, des cauchemars, des sympt\u00f4mes de maladie.<\/p><p>Temporalit\u00e9. De pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence la nuit, surtout entre minuit et trois heures du matin ; lors des jours de pluie et lors de la septi\u00e8me nuit lunaire (<em>chilseok<\/em>).<\/p><div><h3>Le han comme couche psychologique et culturelle profonde<\/h3><p>La litt\u00e9rature et le cin\u00e9ma modernes ont souvent lu le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> du Gwishin sous un angle psychologique. L&rsquo;apparition fantomatique peut \u00eatre comprise comme une manifestation du <em>han<\/em>, ce sentiment cor\u00e9en de tristesse accumul\u00e9e et r\u00e9prim\u00e9e. Le Gwishin n&rsquo;incarne pas seulement le d\u00e9funt individuel, mais la souffrance rassembl\u00e9e d&rsquo;une famille ou d&rsquo;une p\u00e9riode historique.<\/p><p>En ce sens, le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> du Gwishin est un miroir de l&rsquo;injustice sociale : lorsqu&rsquo;une personne est enterr\u00e9e sans \u00e9gard aux devoirs confuc\u00e9ens, cela peut appara\u00eetre \u00e0 un public moderne comme une critique des dysfonctionnements sociaux. Les films de K-Horror ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 cet aspect et font des histoires de Gwishin des m\u00e9taphores de traumatismes non r\u00e9solus et de manquements institutionnels.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil : Gwishin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les aspects essentiels de Gwishin en un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origine de Gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u00e9funts humains avec une affaire inachev\u00e9e ou des rites ancestraux omis ; plus rarement \u00e0 la suite d&rsquo;une mort violente.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Destinataires<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proches endeuill\u00e9s, h\u00e9ritiers, responsables du d\u00e9c\u00e8s ; t\u00e9moins fortuits des lieux ; r\u00e9pandus dans les \u00e9coles et les h\u00f4pitaux.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Silhouette v\u00eatue de blanc, aux longs cheveux, \u00e0 la peau p\u00e2le ; souvent avec le visage cach\u00e9 et les bras tombant mollement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effets de Gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maladie, terreur, cauchemars, folie, accidents ; dans les cas graves, mort des responsables.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formes de protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rites jesa accomplis dans les r\u00e8gles ; <em>gut<\/em> chamanique par une <em>mudang<\/em> ; c\u00e9r\u00e9monies bouddhistes des morts ; r\u00e9solution de l&rsquo;affaire non r\u00e9gl\u00e9e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les de Gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Y\u016brei<\/strong> et <em>onry\u014d<\/em> japonais ; <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> chinois (voir Gui) ; Dames blanches de la tradition europ\u00e9enne ; <em>preta<\/em> indiens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pratiques de protection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jesa.<\/strong> Les rites ancestraux d&rsquo;inspiration confuc\u00e9enne sont c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 la date anniversaire du d\u00e9c\u00e8s ainsi qu&rsquo;aux grandes f\u00eates de Seollal et Chuseok. Une disposition pr\u00e9cise de mets, de coupes et d&rsquo;actions rituelles doit apaiser l&rsquo;\u00e2me et lui rappeler sa place dans le cercle des anc\u00eatres.<\/p><p>Ssitgim-gut. Le \u00ab gut de purification \u00bb chamanique dans la r\u00e9gion de Jeolla et sur l&rsquo;\u00eele de Jindo d\u00e9lie les entraves du d\u00e9funt ; la mudang appelle l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span>, lui parle, le purifie et le guide.<\/p><p>Rituels fun\u00e9raires bouddhistes. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 caract\u00e8re religieux ou culturel.\" tabindex=\"0\">Rituel<\/span> de 49 jours (<em>sasiban<\/em>) apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s avec r\u00e9citation de soutras ; c\u00e9r\u00e9monies plus importantes (<em>cheondo-jae<\/em>) pour les \u00e2mes particuli\u00e8rement agit\u00e9es.<\/p><p>Bujok. Amulettes de papier consacr\u00e9es portant des caract\u00e8res rouges, plac\u00e9es sur le cadre de porte ou dans la maison pour tenir les Gwishin \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cart.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin, parall\u00e8les dans d'autres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Japon.<\/strong> Les Y\u016brei et les <em>onry\u014d<\/em> partagent l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9tude des contenus iconographiques et de leur signification.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconographie<\/span> classique de la morte blanche aux longs cheveux ; la figure japonaise est davantage marqu\u00e9e par le bouddhisme, la cor\u00e9enne par le confucianisme.<\/p><p>Chine. Le <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> (voir Gui) constitue le champ lexical sinographique commun ; le contexte du Festival des fant\u00f4mes chinois partage des motifs.<\/p><p>Europe. Les Dames blanches des traditions germanophones et slaves sont fonctionnellement apparent\u00e9es ; aucun lien historique direct.<\/p><p>Bouddhisme. Les esprits affam\u00e9s preta partagent le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> des morts agit\u00e9s et non r\u00e9solus.<\/p><div><h3>R\u00e9ception et adaptations modernes<\/h3><p>La figure du Gwishin est omnipr\u00e9sente dans la culture cor\u00e9enne contemporaine. Des s\u00e9ries comme <em>Tale of the Nine-Tailed<\/em>, <em>Alchemy of Souls<\/em> et des films comme <em>A Tale of Two Sisters<\/em> utilisent le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>. Les cr\u00e9ateurs modifient souvent la forme classique : les Gwishin deviennent plus puissants, plus intelligents et se vengent de mani\u00e8re plus cibl\u00e9e que dans les anciennes traditions.<\/p><p>Cela se refl\u00e8te \u00e9galement dans les adaptations litt\u00e9raires, notamment dans la prose de Han Kang ou de Kim Ae-ran. Le Gwishin traditionnel est une figure silencieuse et souffrante ; le Gwishin moderne est un acteur qui raconte lui-m\u00eame son histoire. Ce glissement de l&rsquo;\u00eatre passif \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00eatre actif t\u00e9moigne d&rsquo;une r\u00e9interpr\u00e9tation du concept de han comme \u00e9motion puissante, et non seulement tragique.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d7e612 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7d7e612\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp026e302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp026e302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Place dans la conception cor\u00e9enne de l'au-del\u00e0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c80f6a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c80f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd89af0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbd89af0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Le terme <em>gwishin<\/em> (\uadc0\uc2e0) ne d\u00e9signe pas en cor\u00e9en un seul type d&rsquo;\u00eatre, mais une cat\u00e9gorie enti\u00e8re : les esprits de d\u00e9funts qui n&rsquo;ont pas accompli la transition ordonn\u00e9e vers l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0. La repr\u00e9sentation cor\u00e9enne traditionnelle des morts est fortement marqu\u00e9e par le confucianisme, qui fut l&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie officielle de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat \u00e0 partir de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon (1392\u20131897).<\/span><\/p><p>Selon cette conception, un d\u00e9funt auquel on a accompli correctement les rites de deuil et les rites ancestraux devient un <em>josang<\/em>, un anc\u00eatre bienveillant qui prot\u00e8ge ses descendants. Si ces rites sont omis, ou si la mort fut violente, pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e ou sans s\u00e9pulture, l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> demeure dans le monde des vivants en tant que <em>gwishin<\/em>.<\/p><p>Cette logique relie l&rsquo;\u00eatre fantomatique directement \u00e0 l&rsquo;ordre social. Un <em>gwishin<\/em> est moins un \u00eatre d\u00e9moniaque qu&rsquo;un sympt\u00f4me d&rsquo;une relation perturb\u00e9e entre vivants et morts.<\/p><p>Les personnes d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es sans descendants sont particuli\u00e8rement concern\u00e9es, car sans h\u00e9ritier m\u00e2le, le syst\u00e8me confuc\u00e9en manquait d&rsquo;un destinataire rituel. La tradition chamanique du <em>musok<\/em> offrait ici un compl\u00e9ment : les <em>mudang<\/em>, le plus souvent des chamanes femmes, pouvaient, lors de rituels tels que le <em>ssitgim-gut<\/em>, purifier et apaiser un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> sans repos.<\/p><p>La recherche en sciences des religions, notamment les travaux de Laurel Kendall sur le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Syst\u00e8me religieux dans lequel des sp\u00e9cialistes communiquent avec le monde des esprits.\" tabindex=\"0\">chamanisme<\/span> cor\u00e9en, souligne que le concept de <em>gwishin<\/em> op\u00e8re comme m\u00e9diateur entre les syst\u00e8mes. Il relie le devoir ancestral confuc\u00e9en, les conceptions bouddhistes du cycle des renaissances et la pratique chamanique.<\/p><p>Un <em>gwishin<\/em> est ainsi culturellement surd\u00e9termin\u00e9 : chacune des trois traditions fournit sa propre explication de la raison pour laquelle un mort ne trouve pas le repos, et chacune propose sa propre voie de r\u00e9solution. Cette pluralit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9paisseurs explique pourquoi cet \u00eatre reste si pr\u00e9sent dans la litt\u00e9rature et le r\u00e9cit populaire cor\u00e9ens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8b36413 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8b36413\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4a80006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4a80006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le gwishin dans la culture populaire moderne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpce3e698 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpce3e698\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3df2f7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3df2f7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990, le <em>gwishin<\/em> est une figure centrale du genre horrifique cor\u00e9en. Le film <em>Yeogo goedam<\/em> (Whispering Corridors, 1998) et ses suites ont transpos\u00e9 l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> sans repos dans l&rsquo;\u00e9cole de filles et l&rsquo;ont associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des th\u00e8mes tels que la pression scolaire, le harc\u00e8lement et la violence institutionnelle.<\/span><\/p><p>L&rsquo;image type \u2013 une jeune femme en v\u00eatements de deuil blancs avec de longs cheveux noirs couvrant le visage \u2013 marque depuis lors le langage visuel du genre et se superpose au <em>y\u016brei<\/em> japonais sans lui \u00eatre identique.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>La t\u00e9l\u00e9vision a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 diff\u00e9rencier la figure dans les ann\u00e9es 2000 et 2010. Des s\u00e9ries comme <em>Master&rsquo;s Sun<\/em> (2013) ou <em>Hotel del Luna<\/em> (2019) montrent les <em>gwishin<\/em> non seulement comme des figures terrifiantes, mais comme des \u00eatres porteurs d&rsquo;affaires inachev\u00e9es que les vivants peuvent ou doivent aider \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre.<\/span><\/p><p>Ce faisant, le sch\u00e9ma narratif revient \u00e0 la logique traditionnelle : l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> est d\u00e9livr\u00e9 lorsque son injustice est reconnue et r\u00e9par\u00e9e. Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> horrifique et le motif m\u00e9lodramatique de la vie inachev\u00e9e sont ici tr\u00e8s proches l&rsquo;un de l&rsquo;autre.<\/p><p>Il est remarquable que la culture populaire rende souvent visible la structure profonde confuc\u00e9enne sans la nommer. Le r\u00e9cit de <em>gwishin<\/em> porte presque toujours sur un ordre bafou\u00e9 : un meurtre tu, une grossesse ni\u00e9e, un h\u00e9ritage d\u00e9tourn\u00e9. Le divertissement moderne utilise donc cet ancien \u00eatre comme v\u00e9hicule de critique sociale.<\/p><p>Contrairement aux films de fant\u00f4mes occidentaux, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> reste souvent une pure menace, le <em>gwishin<\/em> cor\u00e9en exige g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une r\u00e9ponse morale. Cela le relie \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif traditionnel du rituel chamanique, qui vise non pas la destruction, mais la r\u00e9conciliation avec l&rsquo;esprit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7595c4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7595c4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf354b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf354b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le han comme noyau \u00e9motionnel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33b2cae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp33b2cae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa63ff4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa63ff4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c9troitement li\u00e9 au <em>gwishin<\/em> se trouve le concept difficilement traduisible du <em>han<\/em> (\ud55c). Il d\u00e9signe un complexe accumul\u00e9 de ranc\u0153ur, de tristesse, d&rsquo;amertume et de d\u00e9sir inassouvi, qui se s\u00e9dimente au fil d&rsquo;une vie ou de g\u00e9n\u00e9rations enti\u00e8res.<\/p><p>Dans la croyance populaire, c&rsquo;est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ce <em>han<\/em> qui retient un mort dans le monde et en fait un <em>gwishin<\/em>. L&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> ne peut repartir que lorsque le <em>han<\/em> est dissous, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire lorsque l&rsquo;injustice sous-jacente est reconnue et, dans la mesure du possible, r\u00e9par\u00e9e.<\/p><p>La recherche d\u00e9bat du <em>han<\/em> de mani\u00e8re controvers\u00e9e. Certains th\u00e9oriciens culturels cor\u00e9ens du XXe si\u00e8cle en ont fait un trait national, n\u00e9 de l&rsquo;histoire des invasions, de la colonisation et de la partition.<\/p><p>D&rsquo;autres, comme le sp\u00e9cialiste de litt\u00e9rature Michael Shin, mettent en garde contre une essentialisation du <em>han<\/em> comme propri\u00e9t\u00e9 cor\u00e9enne intemporelle, et soulignent que la revalorisation du terme est elle-m\u00eame une construction relativement r\u00e9cente, partiellement transmise par la p\u00e9riode coloniale.<\/p><p>Pour comprendre le <em>gwishin<\/em>, ce d\u00e9bat importe moins que l&rsquo;observation que le r\u00e9cit populaire d\u00e9finit l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> de mani\u00e8re constante par son sentiment et l&rsquo;injustice qu&rsquo;il a subie, et non par une nature mauvaise.<\/p><p>Il en r\u00e9sulte une asym\u00e9trie caract\u00e9ristique. Le <em>gwishin<\/em> est dangereux, mais son action n&rsquo;est jamais gratuite. Il cherche l&rsquo;attention, la justice ou l&rsquo;accomplissement d&rsquo;une vie interrompue.<\/p><p>Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 caract\u00e8re religieux ou culturel.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> chamanique du <em>gut<\/em> intervient pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 ce niveau : la <em>mudang<\/em> donne une voix \u00e0 l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span>, lui permet d&rsquo;exprimer sa souffrance, puis le conduit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Appartenant \u00e0 un d\u00e9roulement d'actions religieuses codifi\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituellement<\/span> hors du monde des vivants. Quiconque travaille avec la croyance cor\u00e9enne aux esprits devrait donc lire le <em>gwishin<\/em> non pas principalement comme une menace, mais comme une exigence personnifi\u00e9e de r\u00e9paration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liens compl\u00e9mentaires<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liens internes recommand\u00e9s :<\/p><ul><li>Page culturelle <strong>Korea<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Autres profils individuels de Cor\u00e9e : <a href=\"\/fr\/dokkaebi\/\">Dokkaebi<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/gumiho\/\">Gumiho<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/cheonyeo-gwishin\/\">Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/jeoseung-saja\/\">Jeoseung Saja<\/a>.<\/li><li>Parall\u00e8les : Y\u016brei (Japon), <a href=\"\/fr\/gui\/\">Gui<\/a> (Chine), <a href=\"\/fr\/preta\/\">Preta<\/a> (bouddhisme).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources et bibliographie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Une s\u00e9lection compacte de travaux essentiels sur Gwishin :<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Kendall, Laurel : <em>Shamans, Housewives, and Other Restless Spirits: Women in Korean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 caract\u00e8re religieux ou culturel.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Life.<\/em> University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, Honolulu 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kendall, Laurel : <em>Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF: South Korean Popular Religion in Motion.<\/em> University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, Honolulu 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Iry\u014fn : <em>Samguk Yusa.<\/em> Trad. Ha Tae-Hung, Grafton K. Mintz. Yonsei University Press, S\u00e9oul 1972.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>D&rsquo;autres ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans la <a href=\"\/fr\/bibliographie\/\">bibliographie<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gwishin-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gwishin-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gwishin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gwishin-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gwishin-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Les pratiques de protection d\u00e9crites ici constituent une mise en contexte historiographique de traditions historiques. iWell Guard s&rsquo;inscrit dans cette lign\u00e9e culturelle et historique des objets de protection et en repr\u00e9sente une forme contemporaine. <a href=\"\/fr\/a-propos-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">En savoir plus sur l&rsquo;iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1705,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gwishin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gwishin \u2013 esprit de la tradition cor\u00e9enne | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gwishin, esprits des morts de la tradition cor\u00e9enne. Retour pour une affaire inachev\u00e9e \u2013 types, rites et r\u00f4le dans la culture horrifique","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"korea","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[29,58,25,44],"class_list":["post-10717","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geister","category-korea","category-kulturen","category-nachtwesen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gwishin \u2013 esprit de la tradition cor\u00e9enne | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gwishin, esprits des morts de la tradition cor\u00e9enne. 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