{"id":10714,"date":"2026-04-21T12:21:22","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T12:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gui-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T14:45:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:45:48","slug":"gui","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/gui\/","title":{"rendered":"Gui, esprit de la tradition chinoise"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10714\" class=\"elementor elementor-10714 elementor-1212\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gui, esprits des morts et leurs cat\u00e9gories en Chine<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gui est un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> de la tradition chinoise.<\/p><p>Le monde des esprits chinois dans toute sa diversit\u00e9, des anc\u00eatres aux vengeurs.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-gui\">Gui dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00e9n\u00e9ration des d\u00e9funts d'une famille en tant que puissances protectrices continuant d'agir.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte des anc\u00eatres<\/span> chinois<\/h2>\n<p>Gui (\u9b3c) d\u00e9signe dans la croyance populaire chinoise classique avant tout l&rsquo;<strong>esprit ancestral<\/strong>, l&rsquo;\u00e2me immortelle d&rsquo;un d\u00e9funt qui continue d&rsquo;exister apr\u00e8s la mort. Dans le syst\u00e8me confuc\u00e9en, il existe deux composantes de l&rsquo;\u00e2me : <strong>hun<\/strong> (\u00e2me c\u00e9leste et l\u00e9g\u00e8re, qui monte vers le ciel) et <strong>po<\/strong> (\u00e2me terrestre et lourde, qui demeure dans la tombe).<\/p><p>Lorsque l&rsquo;\u00e2me po est d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9e \u2013 par exemple en cas de mort sans s\u00e9pulture, d&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;offrandes ou de manquement au devoir de pi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u2013, elle devient un <strong>Gui errant<\/strong>. Les rites les plus importants pour l&rsquo;apaiser : la <strong>f\u00eate de Qing Ming<\/strong> (balayage des tombes, 4 ou 5 avril), la <strong>f\u00eate de Zhong Yuan<\/strong> (f\u00eate des esprits affam\u00e9s, septi\u00e8me mois lunaire), l&rsquo;entretien de la tablette ancestrale dans le temple familial.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation tao\u00efste \u00e9largit ce sch\u00e9ma par des rangs d&rsquo;esprits : <em>Tu-di Gui<\/em> (esprits locaux), <em>Shan-Gui<\/em> (esprits des montagnes), <em>Shui-Gui<\/em> (esprits des eaux). Figures apparent\u00e9es : <em>Jiangshi<\/em> (cadavre sautillant), <em>Diao-si Gui<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> du pendu).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esprit : entit\u00e9 incorporelle ou semi-corporelle, d\u00e9funts, \u00eatres de la nature, esprits domestiques ou gardiens des seuils. Agit dans la vie quotidienne, souvent li\u00e9 \u00e0 des lieux ou \u00e0 des familles.\">Esprit<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/chine\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Dieux, esprits et religion populaire chinoise, tao\u00efste, bouddhiste, confuc\u00e9enne.\">China<\/a><a href=\"\/fr\/esprits-des-morts\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9funts dont les esprits continuent d'agir dans ce monde, esprits domestiques, anc\u00eatres, morts sans repos.\">Totengeist<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-131201\" alt=\"Gui - esprits de la tradition chinoise, illustration historique\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_china_gui.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le Gui (\u9b3c) est le terme fondamental de la d\u00e9monologie chinoise. Le caract\u00e8re repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine une t\u00eate aux cheveux flottants, l&rsquo;\u00e2me d&rsquo;un d\u00e9funt.<\/p><p>Le terme est large : il englobe les esprits ancestraux (bienveillants lorsque les <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un acte religieux fixe et r\u00e9current.\" tabindex=\"0\">rites<\/span> sont accomplis correctement), les morts sans repos (qui hantent les vivants), les \u00e2mes vengeresses et de nombreuses sous-cat\u00e9gories. Selon la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Repr\u00e9sentation de la structure et de l'ordre du monde au sein d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologie<\/span> du yin et du yang, le Gui appartient au yin \u2013 froid, sombre, f\u00e9minin, mort \u2013 et n\u00e9cessite un \u00e9quilibre rituel avec le yang des vivants.<\/p><p>La litt\u00e9rature classique conna\u00eet de nombreux types. <em>N\u00fcgui<\/em> (\u5973\u9b3c), l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> f\u00e9minin, occupe une place de choix dans les contes populaires et les op\u00e9ras \u2013 la belle jeune femme qui revient par chagrin ou par vengeance. <em>Shui Gui<\/em> (\u6c34\u9b3c) est le noy\u00e9, <em>Diao Si Gui<\/em> (\u540a\u6b7b\u9b3c) le pendu.<\/p><p>Le chef-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre de Pu Songling, le <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> (XVIIe si\u00e8cle), contient des centaines de r\u00e9cits de Gui et a fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 l&rsquo;image moderne, notamment le motif du \u00ab Gui comme amoureux tragique \u00bb, dans lequel vivants et morts entretiennent des relations complexes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil succinct : Gui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> terme g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span>\/<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00catre spirituel auquel on attribue une action nuisible ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span><br>Origine : \u00e2mes de d\u00e9funts, notamment ceux qui n&rsquo;ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s<br>Sous-types : N\u00fcgui (f\u00e9minin), Shui Gui (noy\u00e9), Diao Si Gui (pendu), et bien d&rsquo;autres<br>Textes : ossements oraculaires Shang, Zuozhuan, Sou Shen Ji, Liaozhai Zhiyi<br>P\u00e9riode : de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque pr\u00e9-imp\u00e9riale \u00e0 nos jours<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9riode des textes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Ossements oraculaires Shang (env. 1600 av. J.-C.) avec les premi\u00e8res invocations de Gui. Les textes de la p\u00e9riode <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Concept cor\u00e9en d'un chagrin profond et accumul\u00e9, d'une injustice non r\u00e9solue ; alimente classiquement le motif du Cheonyeo-gwishin.\">Han<\/span> (<em>Shujing<\/em>, <em>Liji<\/em>) syst\u00e9matisent. La litt\u00e9rature merveilleuse de la p\u00e9riode Tang (<em>Sou Shen Ji<\/em>, IVe si\u00e8cle) offre une narration dense sur les Gui. Le <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> de la p\u00e9riode Qing (XVIIe si\u00e8cle) repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;apog\u00e9e litt\u00e9raire. L&rsquo;industrie cin\u00e9matographique moderne et la litt\u00e9rature contemporaine perp\u00e9tuent la tradition.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aire de diffusion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Territoire central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Concept cor\u00e9en d'un chagrin profond et accumul\u00e9, d'une injustice non r\u00e9solue ; alimente le motif du Cheonyeo-gwishin.\">Han<\/span>-chinois. Avec la diaspora, pr\u00e9sence mondiale (Ta\u00efwan, Hong Kong, Asie du Sud-Est, Am\u00e9rique du Nord, Europe). Grande diversit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale : les traditions du sud de la Chine (Hong Kong, Singapour) sont particuli\u00e8rement riches en croyances li\u00e9es aux Gui ; les minorit\u00e9s (Hui, Miao) ont leurs propres variantes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tat des sources<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ossements oraculaires Shang, textes confuc\u00e9ens classiques (<em>Liji<\/em>, <em>Zuozhuan<\/em>), textes tao\u00efstes d&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsion rituelle d'un esprit ou d'un d\u00e9mon consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme nuisible.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcisme<\/span> (Daozang), <em>Sou Shen Ji<\/em> de Ganbao, <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> de Pu Songling, <em>Zi Bu Yu<\/em> de Yuan Mei, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Science qui \u00e9tudie la culture quotidienne, les coutumes et les repr\u00e9sentations transmises par la tradition.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> moderne et cin\u00e9ma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom et variantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Chinois :<\/strong> \u9b3c (<em>gu\u01d0<\/em>).<br>Sous-types : <em>n\u00fcgui<\/em> \u5973\u9b3c (f\u00e9minin), <em>nangui<\/em> \u7537\u9b3c (masculin), <em>shui gui<\/em> \u6c34\u9b3c (noy\u00e9), <em>diao si gui<\/em> \u540a\u6b7b\u9b3c (pendu), <em>yuan gui<\/em> \u51a4\u9b3c (mort victime d&rsquo;injustice), <em>e gui<\/em> \u9913\u9b3c (esprit affam\u00e9, voir page d\u00e9di\u00e9e).<br>\u00c9tymologie : pictogramme ; dans les ossements oraculaires Shang, d\u00e9j\u00e0 sous la forme d&rsquo;une chevelure flottante.<br>Japonais : <em>Oni<\/em> (partiellement emprunt\u00e9), <em>Y\u016brei<\/em> comme \u00e9quivalent du Gui.<\/p><p>La diff\u00e9renciation r\u00e9gionale est consid\u00e9rable. La croyance populaire de Hong Kong conna\u00eet notamment le <em>jiandie gui<\/em> (esprit espion), le <em>zanpu gui<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> du carnage) et bien d&rsquo;autres. Les traditions ta\u00efwanaises poss\u00e8dent leurs propres cat\u00e9gories. L&rsquo;unit\u00e9 r\u00e9side dans le terme de base, la diversit\u00e9 dans les figures concr\u00e8tes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apparence<\/strong><\/p><p>G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ombrageux ou translucide. Le N\u00fcgui se pr\u00e9sente comme une belle jeune femme v\u00eatue de blanc, aux longs cheveux noirs. Le Shui Gui a l&rsquo;aspect d&rsquo;un corps bouffi et d\u00e9tremp\u00e9. Le Diao Si Gui affiche un visage bleu\u00e2tre et une langue pendante. L&rsquo;esth\u00e9tique horrifique moderne fa\u00e7onne la tradition iconographique jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 aujourd&rsquo;hui (films Ring).<\/p><p><strong>Comportement<\/strong><\/p><p>Variable selon le type : les esprits ancestraux viennent lors des f\u00eates et attendent des <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Don offert \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer gratitude, supplication ou v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrandes<\/span> ; les Yuan Gui vengeurs cherchent leurs meurtriers ou les t\u00e9moins immoraux ; les Shui Gui tentent de noyer d&rsquo;autres personnes (afin d&rsquo;obtenir un substitut et de pouvoir eux-m\u00eames se r\u00e9incarner).<\/p><p><strong>Domaine d&rsquo;action<\/strong><\/p><p>Lieu du d\u00e9c\u00e8s, famille du d\u00e9funt, lieux impurs. La nuit et \u00e0 l&rsquo;heure des esprits. Intensit\u00e9 accrue chaque ann\u00e9e durant le mois des esprits affam\u00e9s (septi\u00e8me mois lunaire). Toujours pr\u00e9sents dans les cimeti\u00e8res et les cr\u00e9matoires.<\/p><p><strong>Classement mythologique<\/strong><\/p><p>Gui appartient au domaine yin de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Repr\u00e9sentation de la structure et de l'ordre du monde au sein d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologie<\/span>. Dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fusion d'\u00e9l\u00e9ments issus de diff\u00e9rentes religions ou cultes en de nouvelles formes mixtes, comme dans le vaudou ha\u00eftien (Lwa et saints catholiques).\">syncr\u00e9tisme<\/span> bouddhiste-tao\u00efste, les Gui sont des \u00eatres occupant l&rsquo;une des six formes d&rsquo;existence ; dans le cadre confuc\u00e9en, ce sont des anc\u00eatres qui n\u00e9cessitent un entretien rituel appropri\u00e9 (<em>li<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil : Gui<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les aspects essentiels du Gui en un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte culturel<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c2mes de d\u00e9funts, anc\u00eatres ou non lib\u00e9r\u00e9s. C\u00f4t\u00e9 yin du monde. Un spectre bien plus large que le seul d\u00e9moniaque, allant du bienveillant au mena\u00e7ant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Personnes concern\u00e9es<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Familles des d\u00e9funts (anc\u00eatres), victimes de meurtre (Yuan Gui), baigneurs dans les lieux des Shui Gui, personnes durant le septi\u00e8me mois lunaire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apparence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ombrageux ou translucide. N\u00fcgui avec de longs cheveux noirs, v\u00eatu de blanc ; Shui Gui bouffi et d\u00e9tremp\u00e9 ; Diao Si Gui avec un visage bleu\u00e2tre et une langue pendante.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activit\u00e9<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Selon le type : hantise, vengeance, noyade, maladie, oppression psychique. Les esprits ancestraux sont bienveillants lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont correctement entretenus, mena\u00e7ants en cas de n\u00e9gligence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection contre les Gui<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Don offert \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer gratitude, supplication ou v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">Offrandes<\/span> aux anc\u00eatres et rituels familiaux (Qingming, f\u00eate des esprits affam\u00e9s), talismans fu tao\u00efstes, miroirs Bagua, \u00e9p\u00e9es en bois de p\u00eacher, sang de coq, r\u00e9citation de sutras ou de textes tao\u00efstes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9quivalents<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y\u016brei (Japon), <a href=\"\/fr\/lemures\/\">Lemures<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/upyr\/\">Upyr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a>, Gwishin cor\u00e9ens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usage au quotidien<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituels ancestraux<\/strong><\/p><p>F\u00eate de Qingming (avril) : visites des tombes, offrandes de nourriture et de monnaie en papier. Festival des esprits affam\u00e9s (septi\u00e8me mois lunaire) : <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Don offert \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer gratitude, supplication ou v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrandes<\/span> devant la porte d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e, rituels publics. Nouvel An lunaire avec invitation des anc\u00eatres. Sans ces rituels, les anc\u00eatres deviennent des Yuan Gui.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Expulsion rituelle d'un esprit ou d'un d\u00e9mon consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme nuisible.\" tabindex=\"0\">Exorcisme<\/span> et protection<\/strong><\/p><p>Pr\u00eatres tao\u00efstes (<em>Daoshi<\/em>) avec talismans <em>fu<\/em> en papier jaune \u00e0 l&rsquo;encre rouge. Rituels avec \u00e9p\u00e9e en bois de p\u00eacher et clochettes. Boussole yin-yang (<em>luopan<\/em>) pour d\u00e9terminer les lieux dangereux. Correction selon le Feng Shui comme mesure pr\u00e9ventive.<\/p><p><strong>Amulettes et rituels domestiques<\/strong><\/p><p>Miroir Bagua au-dessus de la porte d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e, dieux-gardiens des portes par paires (Menshen, Qin Shubao et Yuchi Jingde), fils rouges pour les nouveau-n\u00e9s, amulettes en jade. Les seuils, les bords de toits et les entr\u00e9es font l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une protection particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9ception et \u00e9poque contemporaine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tradition litt\u00e9raire<\/strong><\/p><p>Le <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em> de Pu Songling (XVIIe si\u00e8cle) repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;apog\u00e9e avec pr\u00e8s de 500 r\u00e9cits mettant en sc\u00e8ne des Gui, des Yaoguai et des Huli Jing. Adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 maintes reprises jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 aujourd&rsquo;hui. Le <em>Zi Bu Yu<\/em> de Yuan Mei (XVIIIe si\u00e8cle) le compl\u00e8te. Les auteurs modernes (traducteurs de Pu Songling, litt\u00e9rature chinoise contemporaine) s&rsquo;inscrivent dans cette lign\u00e9e.<\/p><p><strong>Cin\u00e9ma et culture populaire<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Les films de fant\u00f4mes hongkongais (<em>A Chinese Ghost Story<\/em>, 1987) et les productions horrifiques ta\u00efwanaises (Tigertail, The Rope Curse) fa\u00e7onnent l&rsquo;image moderne. Le J-Horror japonais (<em>Ring<\/em>, <em>Ju-on<\/em>) s&rsquo;appuie largement sur les motifs chinois du Gui.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Diaspora contemporaine :<\/strong> dans les communaut\u00e9s chinoises du monde entier, la croyance au Gui est entretenue. Les pratiques du Festival des esprits affam\u00e9s se perp\u00e9tuent \u00e0 Singapour, en Malaisie et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord. Les Chinois d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui en R\u00e9publique populaire maintiennent les rituels malgr\u00e9 la la\u00efcisation officielle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ec00ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8ec00ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6cf70d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6cf70d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le terme gui et la conception chinoise de l'\u00e2me<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8a33a4a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8a33a4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp91e4adf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp91e4adf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le <em>gui<\/em> chinois, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement traduit par fant\u00f4me ou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> d&rsquo;un d\u00e9funt, ne peut se comprendre qu&rsquo;\u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la conception traditionnelle chinoise de l&rsquo;\u00e2me.<\/p><p>Selon une vision r\u00e9pandue qui se forma d\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Han, l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain poss\u00e8de deux types de forces animiques : les <em>hun<\/em>, la composante plus spirituelle et l\u00e9g\u00e8re, qui monte apr\u00e8s la mort, et les <em>po<\/em>, la composante li\u00e9e au corps, plus lourde, qui demeure avec la d\u00e9pouille dans la terre.<\/p><p>Lors d&rsquo;une mort normale et ordonn\u00e9e, accompagn\u00e9e de rites fun\u00e9raires correctement accomplis, les deux composantes trouvent leur juste place : celle qui monte devient l&rsquo;anc\u00eatre v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9, celle qui est terrestre repose dans la tombe.<\/p><p>Le <em>gui<\/em> au sens strict et probl\u00e9matique du terme na\u00eet l\u00e0 o\u00f9 cette transition ordonn\u00e9e \u00e9choue. Un d\u00e9funt dont les rites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 omis, qui n&rsquo;a pas de descendants, qui est mort de fa\u00e7on violente, loin de sa patrie ou en victime d&rsquo;une injustice, peut devenir un <em>gui<\/em> errant et sans repos.<\/p><p>Ainsi, dans la conception chinoise, le <em>gui<\/em> n&rsquo;est pas un \u00eatre autonome appartenant \u00e0 une sph\u00e8re \u00e9trang\u00e8re, mais un \u00eatre humain dans un \u00e9tat incorrect. La fronti\u00e8re entre l&rsquo;anc\u00eatre v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 et le fant\u00f4me redout\u00e9 ne passe pas par la nature de l&rsquo;\u00eatre, mais par la question de savoir s&rsquo;il est pris en charge <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Appartenant \u00e0 un d\u00e9roulement d'actions religieuses fix\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituellement<\/span> et int\u00e9gr\u00e9 socialement.<\/p><p>Cette conception a des cons\u00e9quences consid\u00e9rables. Elle rend les vivants responsables du sort des morts, elle fonde la place centrale du culte des anc\u00eatres, et elle explique pourquoi le souci de la s\u00e9pulture correcte et des <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Don offert \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer gratitude, supplication ou v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrandes<\/span> r\u00e9guli\u00e8res a marqu\u00e9 la vie familiale chinoise pendant des si\u00e8cles.<\/p><p>Le <em>gui<\/em> est le rappel permanent de ce qui arrive lorsque ces devoirs sont n\u00e9glig\u00e9s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21e3814 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21e3814\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7c64c26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7c64c26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Esprits affam\u00e9s, esprits vengeurs et la diversit\u00e9 des morts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa6ce873 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa6ce873\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc7882b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc7882b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique <em>gui<\/em> englobe une s\u00e9rie de manifestations nettement distinctes, dont le point commun est qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de morts se trouvant dans un \u00e9tat non r\u00e9solu. La <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> chinoise, des premi\u00e8res collections de r\u00e9cits \u00e9tranges jusqu&rsquo;aux \u0153uvres narratives ult\u00e9rieures, a richement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 cette diversit\u00e9.<\/p><p>Un groupe important est celui des esprits affam\u00e9s, les <em>egui<\/em>, morts sans descendants ni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Don offert \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer gratitude, supplication ou v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrandes<\/span> r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, qui errent sans \u00eatre pourvus et souffrent de la faim.<\/p><p>Sous l&rsquo;influence du bouddhisme, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la conception indienne du royaume des esprits affam\u00e9s et sont au c\u0153ur du festival des fant\u00f4mes du septi\u00e8me mois, lors duquel les vivants offrent \u00e9galement de la nourriture aux morts n\u00e9glig\u00e9s et \u00e9trangers, afin qu&rsquo;ils ne causent pas de malheur.<\/p><p>Un autre groupe est celui des esprits vengeurs, les <em>yuangui<\/em>, morts qui ont subi une injustice \u2013 assassin\u00e9s, ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s \u00e0 tort ou pouss\u00e9s au suicide.<\/p><p>Ils reviennent pour exiger r\u00e9paration ou faire \u00e9clater au grand jour leur injustice, poursuivant souvent d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment le coupable. Dans d&rsquo;innombrables r\u00e9cits et, plus tard, dans le th\u00e9\u00e2tre, l&rsquo;esprit vengeur qui obtient justice devant un tribunal ou par une intervention surnaturelle constitue un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> central.<\/p><p>Par ailleurs, la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> conna\u00eet des esprits n\u00e9s de circonstances de mort particuli\u00e8res \u2013 par exemple des noy\u00e9s qui cherchent un substitut pour pouvoir eux-m\u00eames \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s, ou des esprits demeurant li\u00e9s \u00e0 un lieu pr\u00e9cis.<\/p><p>Cette diff\u00e9renciation montre que le <em>gui<\/em> n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas con\u00e7u comme une figure d&rsquo;effroi uniforme. Il repr\u00e9sente plut\u00f4t tout un champ de morts dont l&rsquo;histoire particuli\u00e8re \u2013 leur mode de mort, leur injustice, leur n\u00e9gligence \u2013 d\u00e9termine sous quelle forme ils reviennent et ce qu&rsquo;ils exigent des vivants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5ef8550 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5ef8550\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp454f224 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp454f224\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'esprit juste et l'ordre moral des r\u00e9cits<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp82b4a5d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp82b4a5d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9020cc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9020cc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans la litt\u00e9rature narrative chinoise, le <em>gui<\/em> n&rsquo;est souvent pas un simple \u00eatre effrayant, mais un porteur d&rsquo;ordre moral. En particulier dans les recueils du d\u00e9but du Moyen \u00c2ge et dans les \u0153uvres classiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Qing, notamment le <em>Liaozhai zhiyi<\/em> de Pu Songling, l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> assume une fonction qui compl\u00e8te ou corrige la justice humaine.<\/p><p>Un sch\u00e9ma r\u00e9pandu est celui de l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le un crime dissimul\u00e9. Un assassin\u00e9 appara\u00eet en r\u00eave \u00e0 un fonctionnaire, lui indique l&#8217;emplacement de sa d\u00e9pouille ou l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 du coupable, permettant ainsi la punition du fautif.<\/p><p>Ici, le <em>gui<\/em> agit comme l&rsquo;instrument d&rsquo;un ordre cosmique qui ne tol\u00e8re pas que l&rsquo;injustice reste impunie. La bureaucratie de l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0 \u2013 les tribunaux des enfers avec leurs registres et leurs juges \u2013 constitue le cadre dans lequel ces esprits agissent.<\/p><p>Tout aussi r\u00e9pandu est l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre incorporel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> reconnaissant. Un mort \u00e0 qui un vivant a rendu service \u2013 en enterrant ses ossements, en acquittant ses dettes ou en lui apportant des <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Don offert \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer gratitude, supplication ou v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrandes<\/span> \u2013 revient pour le lui rendre, par un conseil, une protection ou une aide dans la d\u00e9tresse.<\/p><p>Ces r\u00e9cits confirment la norme selon laquelle le soin apport\u00e9 aux morts est r\u00e9compens\u00e9 et qu&rsquo;une relation de don et de retour subsiste au-del\u00e0 de la mort.<\/p><p>Cette dimension morale distingue le <em>gui<\/em> chinois d&rsquo;un simple fant\u00f4me effrayant. Il s&rsquo;inscrit dans une vision du monde o\u00f9 la fronti\u00e8re entre vivants et morts est perm\u00e9able et o\u00f9 les deux parties ont des obligations l&rsquo;une envers l&rsquo;autre.<\/p><p>Le r\u00e9cit de fant\u00f4mes devient ainsi un instrument \u00e9thique : il montre que l&rsquo;injustice est poursuivie et que la bienfaisance est r\u00e9compens\u00e9e, par-del\u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de la mort.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liens compl\u00e9mentaires<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liens internes recommand\u00e9s :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/fr\/chine\/\">China (tao\u00efsme et religion populaire)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/yaoguai\/\">Yaoguai<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/jiangshi\/\">Jiangshi<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/e-gui\/\">E Gui<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/huli-jing\/\">Huli Jing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/lemures\/\">Lemures<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/upyr\/\">Upyr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> (parall\u00e8les)<\/li><li>Qingming et Festival des esprits affam\u00e9s<\/li><li>Talismans fu tao\u00efstes<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliographie (s\u00e9lection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Une s\u00e9lection d&rsquo;ouvrages essentiels sur le Gui :<\/p><ul><li>Pu Songling : <em>Liaozhai Zhiyi<\/em>. Traduit en de nombreuses langues.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Yu, Anthony C. : <em>State and Religion in China<\/em>. Chicago 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Poo, Mu-chou : <em>In Search of Personal Welfare. A View of Ancient Chinese Religion<\/em>. Albany 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sutton, Donald S. : <em>Steps of Perfection. Exorcistic Performers and Chinese Religion<\/em>. Cambridge, MA 2003.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Autres ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans la <a href=\"\/fr\/bibliographie\/\">bibliographie<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gui-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gui-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gui\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gui-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gui-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">La pratique de protection d\u00e9crite ici rel\u00e8ve de la classification scientifique de traditions historiques en sciences des religions. iWell Guard s&rsquo;inscrit dans cette lign\u00e9e culturelle et historique d&rsquo;objets de protection portables et en repr\u00e9sente une forme contemporaine. <a href=\"\/fr\/a-propos-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">En savoir plus sur l&rsquo;iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-888764c e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"888764c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7834c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb7834c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur les Gui<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Que sont les Gui dans la religion populaire chinoise ?<\/h3><p>Les Gui (\u9b3c) sont, dans la religion populaire chinoise et dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradition religieuse et philosophique chinoise s'orientant selon le Dao, la Voie.\" tabindex=\"0\">tao\u00efsme<\/span>, les esprits des d\u00e9funts \u2013 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ceux qui ont connu une mort violente, non r\u00e9par\u00e9e ou mal trait\u00e9e.<\/p><p>Ils flottent entre les mondes, car les rites fun\u00e9raires appropri\u00e9s leur font d\u00e9faut ou leurs besoins de vengeance demeurent non r\u00e9solus. Dans le bouddhisme, cela donne la cat\u00e9gorie des esprits affam\u00e9s (E Gui) ; dans la religion populaire, les Gui sont les causes les plus fr\u00e9quentes de maladie, de malheur et de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de hantise.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le festival des fant\u00f4mes dans la tradition chinoise ?<\/h3><p>Le Festival des esprits affam\u00e9s (Yu Lan Pen Jie, au septi\u00e8me mois lunaire) est le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une succession r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actions symboliques ayant une signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> le plus important pour traiter les Gui. Durant la \u00ab chambre des esprits \u00bb (septi\u00e8me mois), la s\u00e9paration entre les mondes est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme perm\u00e9able.<\/p><p>Les familles disposent des aliments et des offrandes, br\u00fblent de la monnaie en papier et prennent ainsi soin des d\u00e9funts de retour. Ceux qui n&rsquo;ont plus de famille sont pris en charge par la communaut\u00e9 \u2013 ce qui emp\u00eache les Gui de causer des dommages par la faim.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Que sont les Gui dans la religion populaire chinoise ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Les Gui (\u9b3c) sont, dans la religion populaire chinoise et dans le tao\u00efsme, les esprits des d\u00e9funts \u2013 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ceux qui ont connu une mort violente, non r\u00e9par\u00e9e ou mal trait\u00e9e.Ils flottent entre les mondes, car les rites fun\u00e9raires appropri\u00e9s leur font d\u00e9faut ou leurs besoins de vengeance demeurent non r\u00e9solus. Dans le bouddhisme, cela donne la cat\u00e9gorie des esprits affam\u00e9s (E Gui) ; dans la religion populaire, les Gui sont les causes les plus fr\u00e9quentes de maladie, de malheur et de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de hantise.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Qu'est-ce que le festival des fant\u00f4mes dans la tradition chinoise ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Le Festival des esprits affam\u00e9s (Yu Lan Pen Jie, au septi\u00e8me mois lunaire) est le rituel le plus important pour traiter les Gui. Durant la \u00ab chambre des esprits \u00bb (septi\u00e8me mois), la s\u00e9paration entre les mondes est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme perm\u00e9able.Les familles disposent des aliments et des offrandes, br\u00fblent de la monnaie en papier et prennent ainsi soin des d\u00e9funts de retour. Ceux qui n'ont plus de famille sont pris en charge par la communaut\u00e9 \u2013 ce qui emp\u00eache les Gui de causer des dommages par la faim.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1680,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gui esprits ancestraux chinois","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gui, esprits des morts et leurs types en Chine","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gui \u2013 le monde des esprits chinois dans toute sa diversit\u00e9 : des anc\u00eatres v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s aux vengeurs affam\u00e9s.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"china","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[49,489,306,29,25],"class_list":["post-10714","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china","category-chine","category-esprits","category-geister","category-kulturen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gui, esprits des morts et leurs types en Chine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gui \u2013 le monde des esprits chinois dans toute sa diversit\u00e9 : des anc\u00eatres v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s aux vengeurs affam\u00e9s.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/gui\/\" \/>\n<meta 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