{"id":10641,"date":"2026-04-20T13:23:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T13:23:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/edimmu-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T14:44:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:44:10","slug":"edimmu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/edimmu\/","title":{"rendered":"Edimmu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10641\" class=\"elementor elementor-10641 elementor-723\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu, esprit de la tradition m\u00e9sopotamienne<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Edimmu est un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre immat\u00e9riel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> de la tradition m\u00e9sopotamienne.<\/p><p><strong>Esprit des morts sans repos, lorsque la s\u00e9pulture a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esprit : entit\u00e9 incorporelle ou semi-corporelle, d\u00e9funts, \u00eatres de la nature, esprits du foyer ou gardiens des seuils. Agit dans la vie quotidienne, souvent li\u00e9 \u00e0 des lieux ou \u00e0 des familles.\">Esprit<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/mesopotamie\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Berceau de la religion document\u00e9e, Sumer, Akkad, Babylone, Assyrie (env. 3500 av. J.-C. jusqu'\u00e0 330 av. J.-C.).\">M\u00e9sopotamie<\/a><a href=\"\/fr\/esprits-des-morts\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9funts dont les esprits continuent d'agir dans le monde des vivants, esprits du foyer, anc\u00eatres, morts sans repos.\">Esprit des morts<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-131189\" alt=\"Edimmu - esprits de la tradition m\u00e9sopotamienne, illustration historique\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&rsquo;Edimmu n&rsquo;est pas, dans la d\u00e9monologie m\u00e9sopotamienne, une figure cr\u00e9\u00e9e de toutes pi\u00e8ces, mais la cons\u00e9quence d&rsquo;une n\u00e9gligence humaine. Il na\u00eet lorsqu&rsquo;un d\u00e9funt n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 enterr\u00e9 convenablement, n&rsquo;a pas re\u00e7u r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement d&rsquo;offrandes fun\u00e9raires, ou a \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9 \u00e0 la vie par la violence et l&rsquo;oubli. L&rsquo;\u00e2me, l&rsquo;<em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>, en sum\u00e9rien <em>gidim<\/em>, devient alors une menace.<\/p><p>Cela conf\u00e8re \u00e0 l&rsquo;Edimmu un r\u00f4le social particulier : il rend visible la d\u00e9faillance des proches survivants. La protection ne r\u00e9side donc pas seulement dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actes symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> et l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un objet port\u00e9 auquel on attribue un pouvoir protecteur et apotropa\u00efque.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulette<\/span>, mais avant tout dans la s\u00e9pulture correcte et la pratique continue du culte des morts, le <em>kispu<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aper\u00e7u rapide : Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> esprit des morts sans repos (m\u00e9sopotamien)<br>Origine : akkadien <em>edimmu<\/em>, sum\u00e9rien <em>gidim<\/em><br>Fonction : tourmenteur des vivants en cas de s\u00e9pulture n\u00e9glig\u00e9e<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Le fait d'adresser une pri\u00e8re ou une invocation \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 une puissance.\" tabindex=\"0\">Invocation<\/span> : <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une pratique religieuse \u00e9tablie et r\u00e9currente.\" tabindex=\"0\">rite<\/span> du <em>kispu<\/em>, offrandes d&rsquo;eau et de farine pour les morts<br>Sources principales : s\u00e9rie Maql\u00fb, Utukk\u016b lemn\u016btu, \u00c9pop\u00e9e de Gilgame\u0161 tablette XII<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte historique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9riode des textes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les attestations de l&rsquo;Edimmu s&rsquo;\u00e9tendent des premiers textes sum\u00e9riens jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque n\u00e9o-assyrienne et n\u00e9o-babylonienne. Le complexe culte des morts \/ esprit des morts \/ croyances en l&rsquo;au-del\u00e0 constitue ainsi l&rsquo;un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments les plus durables de la religion m\u00e9sopotamienne.<\/p><p><strong>Classement mythologique<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Edimmu<\/em>, l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre immat\u00e9riel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> ou l&rsquo;\u00e2me des d\u00e9funts, n&rsquo;est pas, dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des r\u00e9cits sur les dieux transmis par une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythologie<\/span> m\u00e9sopotamienne, une entit\u00e9 unique, mais une cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;\u00eatres surnaturels : les esprits des morts. Les <em>Edimmu<\/em> sont les restes immat\u00e9riels des \u00eatres humains d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s, errant dans le monde souterrain.<\/p><p>Ils peuvent \u00eatre malveillants ou neutres, selon la mani\u00e8re dont ils ont v\u00e9cu et dont ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inhum\u00e9s. Les <em>Edimmu<\/em> sont li\u00e9s au monde physique par des ancres \u00e9motionnelles ou corporelles : affaires non r\u00e9solues, mauvaises s\u00e9pultures ou \u00e9motions intenses. Ils ne sont ni des dieux ni des d\u00e9mons \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, mais quelque chose d&rsquo;interm\u00e9diaire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aire de diffusion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cette conception est r\u00e9pandue dans l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;espace culturel m\u00e9sopotamien. Des parall\u00e8les fonctionnels se retrouvent bien au-del\u00e0, dans les cultures antiques m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, les religions populaires d&rsquo;Asie orientale et les traditions de croyances populaires europ\u00e9ennes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tat des sources<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Les sources principales sont les s\u00e9ries d&rsquo;incantations Maql\u00fb et \u0160urpu, la tablette XII de l&rsquo;\u00c9pop\u00e9e de Gilgame\u0161 avec ses instructions pour l&rsquo;apaisement du mort non inhum\u00e9, ainsi que le recueil canonique Utukk\u016b lemn\u016btu (\u00ab Mauvais d\u00e9mons \u00bb). \u00c9dition et traduction essentiellement par M.J. Geller (Brill, 2007 et 2016) et R. Borger ; la pratique du kispu a \u00e9t\u00e9 syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e9tudi\u00e9e par Akio Tsukimoto (1985).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom et variantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Akkadien :<\/strong> <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>, dans les transcriptions plus anciennes aussi <em>edimmu<\/em>, <em>etimmu<\/em>, <em>ekimmu<\/em>.<br>Sum\u00e9rien : <em>gidim<\/em>.<br>Litt\u00e9ralement : \u00ab <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre immat\u00e9riel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> \u00bb, \u00ab \u00e2me d&rsquo;un mort \u00bb.<\/p><p>Distinction importante : en principe, <em>tout<\/em> d\u00e9funt poss\u00e8de un <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em>. Celui-ci ne devient mena\u00e7ant que lorsque le culte des morts a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9, que la mort a \u00e9t\u00e9 violente ou que le corps est rest\u00e9 sans s\u00e9pulture. L&rsquo;\u00ab Edimmu \u00bb en tant que notion d\u00e9monologique d\u00e9signe donc l&rsquo;esprit des morts d\u00e9voy\u00e9 et sans repos, non l&rsquo;\u00e2me en tant que telle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apparence<\/strong><\/p><p>Spectral, sans programme iconographique fixe. L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience est acoustique (plaintes, g\u00e9missements), onirique ou se manifeste comme une pr\u00e9sence perceptible la nuit dans la maison. La logique scolaire akkadienne distingue les Edimmu qui deviennent visibles (cas rare) de ceux qui ne se manifestent qu&rsquo;indirectement (cas habituel).<\/p><p><strong>Comportement<\/strong><\/p><p>Les Edimmu viennent la nuit dans les demeures de leur famille survivante. Ils r\u00e9clament attention, rites de deuil omis, offrandes d&rsquo;eau et de farine manquantes. S&rsquo;ils ne sont pas apais\u00e9s, ils provoquent maladie, cauchemars et malheur. La menace est persistante : un seul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gabe an eine Gottheit, um Dank, Bitte oder Verehrung auszudr\u00fccken.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrande<\/span> n\u00e9glig\u00e9e peut entra\u00eener des ann\u00e9es de hantise.<\/p><p><strong>Domaine d&rsquo;action<\/strong><\/p><p>Troubles du sommeil, cauchemars, maux de t\u00eate, m\u00e9lancolie, maladie familiale, infertilit\u00e9, \u00e9checs commerciaux. Le diagnostic m\u00e9sopotamien attribue potentiellement un large spectre de troubles non sp\u00e9cifiques au complexe Edimmu, de fa\u00e7on comparable au diagnostic rabbinique juif relatif \u00e0 Lilith.<\/p><p><strong>Apparence et symbolique<\/strong><\/p><p>Les <em>Edimmu<\/em> sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s sous forme de silhouettes humaines, mais \u00e9th\u00e9r\u00e9es, grises ou transparentes, avec un \u00e9clat spectral. Ils portent avec eux dans le monde souterrain les v\u00eatements ou les attributs de leur vie, mais s&rsquo;estompent dans la transition. Leurs yeux sont vides ou emplis de tristesse.<\/p><p>Parfois, seule une silhouette noire ou grise est visible. Les <em>Edimmu<\/em> n&rsquo;ont pas la consistance des corps physiques ; ils peuvent traverser les murs et dispara\u00eetre. Leur pr\u00e9sence s&rsquo;accompagne souvent d&rsquo;un froid ou d&rsquo;une sorte d&rsquo;angoisse.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil : Edimmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les aspects les plus importants de l&rsquo;Edimmu en un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il. Le d\u00e9veloppement concernant le nom, la description, la protection et les parall\u00e8les se trouve aux sections suivantes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradition<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un ancien \u00eatre humain qui n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 inhum\u00e9 correctement, dont le culte fun\u00e9raire a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9 ou qui est mort dans la violence et l&rsquo;oubli. Autrement dit : non une cr\u00e9ation, mais la cons\u00e9quence d&rsquo;une n\u00e9gligence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cibles de l'Edimmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avant tout les proches qui ont n\u00e9glig\u00e9 la s\u00e9pulture ou le <em>kispu<\/em>. \u00c9galement : les voyageurs qui passent en des lieux de s\u00e9pultures illicites ou de morts violentes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apparence de l'Edimmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ombrageux, p\u00e2le, \u00e9maci\u00e9, de forme humaine. Pas un \u00eatre hybride. Sa pr\u00e9sence se manifeste souvent davantage par des sympt\u00f4mes et des r\u00eaves que par des images nettes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Action de l'Edimmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c9puisement, maladie chronique, cauchemars, souffrance inexplicable chez les membres de la famille. Une oppression persistante plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;une attaque soudaine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Inhumation tardive ou rituel de substitution, offrandes fun\u00e9raires <em>kispu<\/em> r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, incantations pour l&rsquo;apaisement et le retour dans le monde souterrain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les de l'Edimmu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u00e9mures (romain), K\u00e8res et \u00e2mes non inhum\u00e9es chez Hom\u00e8re (grec), hungry ghosts (sino-bouddhiste), revenants (germanique), motifs modernes du poltergeist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection au quotidien<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituels de protection<\/strong><\/p><p>Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une pratique religieuse \u00e9tablie et r\u00e9currente.\" tabindex=\"0\">rite<\/span> central est le <em>kispu<\/em>, la nourriture r\u00e9guli\u00e8re offerte aux morts sous forme d&rsquo;eau, de pain et de farine, mensuellement \u00e0 la nouvelle lune et \u00e0 l&rsquo;anniversaire du d\u00e9c\u00e8s. S&rsquo;y ajoute l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Le fait d'adresser une pri\u00e8re ou une invocation \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 une puissance.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> orale du mort par son nom.<\/p><p>En cas de hantise aigu\u00eb, on recourt aux textes d&rsquo;incantation de la s\u00e9rie Maql\u00fb : incin\u00e9ration de figurines d&rsquo;argile, offrandes d&rsquo;encens de gen\u00e9vrier, cercles de protection trac\u00e9s autour de la maison. La tablette XII de l&rsquo;\u00c9pop\u00e9e de Gilgame\u0161 fournit des instructions d\u00e9taill\u00e9es pour l&rsquo;apaisement de l&rsquo;Edimmu d&rsquo;un soldat non inhum\u00e9.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des actes de v\u00e9n\u00e9ration religieuse envers une divinit\u00e9 ou une figure sacr\u00e9e.\" tabindex=\"0\">Culte<\/span> et v\u00e9n\u00e9ration<\/strong><\/p><p>Le \u00ab <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des actes de v\u00e9n\u00e9ration religieuse envers une divinit\u00e9 ou une figure sacr\u00e9e.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> \u00bb des <em>Edimmu<\/em> se pratiquait \u00e0 travers la v\u00e9n\u00e9ration des anc\u00eatres et les rites fun\u00e9raires. Les familles honoraient leurs proches d\u00e9funts par des offrandes et des pri\u00e8res afin de maintenir leurs <em>Edimmu<\/em> paisibles et satisfaits dans le monde souterrain.<\/p><p>Des pr\u00eatres accomplissaient des rituels pour repousser ou apaiser les <em>Edimmu<\/em> malveillants. Les tombes recevaient des offrandes pour nourrir et apaiser les <em>Edimmu<\/em>. Les <em>Edimmu<\/em> inhum\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re incorrecte ou maudits \u00e9taient source d&rsquo;une grande crainte et requ\u00e9raient des sp\u00e9cialistes pour les chasser.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edimmu, parall\u00e8les dans d'autres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Monde gr\u00e9co-romain<\/strong><\/p><p>Les K\u00e8res chez Hom\u00e8re et surtout les L\u00e9mures romains \u2013 \u00e2mes sans repos n\u00e9es de morts non inhum\u00e9s ou courrouc\u00e9s \u2013 correspondent fonctionnellement dans une large mesure \u00e0 l&rsquo;Edimmu. La f\u00eate des <em>Lemuria<\/em> \u00e0 Rome est une r\u00e9ponse institutionnalis\u00e9e \u00e0 ce <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Asie orientale :<\/strong> Les \u00ab hungry ghosts \u00bb (preta, egui) de la tradition sino-japonaise-cor\u00e9enne d&rsquo;inspiration bouddhiste naissent de liens non r\u00e9solus et de rites inad\u00e9quats. Le Festival des fant\u00f4mes affam\u00e9s r\u00e9tablit r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement l&rsquo;approvisionnement rituel des morts.<\/p><p><strong>Europe (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Croyances et pratiques religieuses r\u00e9pandues dans la vie quotidienne.\" tabindex=\"0\">croyances populaires<\/span>) :<\/strong> Les motifs de revenants et de poltergeists dans les croyances populaires germaniques et slaves reprennent la m\u00eame id\u00e9e fondamentale : un d\u00e9funt revient parce que le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une pratique religieuse \u00e9tablie et r\u00e9currente.\" tabindex=\"0\">rite<\/span>, la justice ou les adieux sont rest\u00e9s inachev\u00e9s. La protection est en m\u00eame temps une forme de r\u00e9paration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9302b7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9302b7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f157fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3f157fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le mort sans repos : causes et logique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp41008d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp41008d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c68ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c68ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&rsquo;<em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> (sum\u00e9rien <em>gidim<\/em>, souvent \u00e9crit <em>edimmu<\/em> dans les publications scientifiques plus anciennes) n&rsquo;est initialement rien de mena\u00e7ant dans la pens\u00e9e m\u00e9sopotamienne. Le mot d\u00e9signe de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale l&rsquo;esprit des morts, l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre immat\u00e9riel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> d&rsquo;un d\u00e9funt.<\/p><p>Tout \u00eatre humain devient un <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> apr\u00e8s la mort. Dans le cas ordinaire, cet <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre immat\u00e9riel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> descend dans le monde souterrain, y trouve sa place et est pourvu par les offrandes fun\u00e9raires r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de ses descendants.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;<em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> ne devient dangereux que lorsque cette transition ordonn\u00e9e \u00e9choue. Les textes en pr\u00e9cisent les causes avec exactitude : un \u00eatre humain qui n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 inhum\u00e9 correctement, dont le corps est rest\u00e9 sans s\u00e9pulture ou a d\u00e9riv\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;eau ; un \u00eatre humain qui n&rsquo;a laiss\u00e9 aucun descendant et ne re\u00e7oit donc aucun culte fun\u00e9raire ; un \u00eatre humain mort d&rsquo;une mort violente, pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e ou contre nature.<\/p><p>Ces morts ne trouvent pas le repos. Leur <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre immat\u00e9riel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> reste li\u00e9 au monde des vivants et revient.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;<em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> sans repos hante alors les vivants. Il s&#8217;empare d&rsquo;un \u00eatre humain, p\u00e9n\u00e8tre en lui par l&rsquo;oreille, provoque maladie, maux de t\u00eate, faiblesse, confusion mentale.<\/p><p>Cette conception est logiquement coh\u00e9rente du point de vue des sciences des religions : l&rsquo;esprit des morts veut ce qui lui manque \u2013 s\u00e9pulture et approvisionnement \u2013, et il l&rsquo;obtient en opprimant un vivant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce que celui-ci ou sa famille y rem\u00e9die.<\/p><p>La croyance en l&rsquo;<em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> faisait du devoir social d&rsquo;inhumation correcte et de culte fun\u00e9raire une question de sant\u00e9 personnelle. Qui n\u00e9gligeait les morts risquait leur retour.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83df163 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp83df163\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11c77de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp11c77de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Traitement dans la m\u00e9decine : diagnostic et incantation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea16c28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpea16c28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbdb4429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbdb4429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&rsquo;<em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> est, dans la m\u00e9decine et la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuliers.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> m\u00e9sopotamiennes, l&rsquo;une des causes de maladie les plus fr\u00e9quentes. Les textes diagnostiques, au premier rang desquels la grande s\u00e9rie <em>Sakikk\u016b<\/em> (\u00ab Sympt\u00f4mes \u00bb), associ\u00e9e dans la recherche aux travaux de Nils Hee\u00dfel, r\u00e9pertorient des complexes symptomatiques interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s comme la \u00ab Main d&rsquo;un esprit des morts \u00bb (<em>q\u0101t e\u1e6demmi<\/em>).<\/p><p>Le pr\u00eatre-exorciste, l&rsquo;<em>\u0101\u0161ipu<\/em>, d\u00e9terminait d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s les signes de la maladie si un <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> \u00e9tait \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u0153uvre, et en d\u00e9duisait le traitement.<\/p><p>Un groupe de textes sp\u00e9cifique, rassembl\u00e9 dans une \u00e9dition de JoAnn Scurlock sous le titre des \u00ab maladies dues aux fant\u00f4mes \u00bb, documente la th\u00e9rapie en d\u00e9tail. Celle-ci comprenait incantations, onguents, potions, amulettes et actes rituels.<\/p><p>Une proc\u00e9dure importante consistait \u00e0 identifier l&rsquo;esprit des morts, puis \u00e0 l&rsquo;apaiser ou \u00e0 le renvoyer dans le monde souterrain par le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actes symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> et l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gabe an eine Gottheit, um Dank, Bitte oder Verehrung auszudr\u00fccken.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrande<\/span>. Parfois, l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre immat\u00e9riel auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> recevait r\u00e9trospectivement la s\u00e9pulture ou le culte fun\u00e9raire qui lui avaient fait d\u00e9faut ; parfois il \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 un substitut, par exemple une figurine, et d\u00e9tach\u00e9 ainsi du patient.<\/p><p>Ces sources sont particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9cieuses pour l&rsquo;histoire des religions, car elles montrent \u00e0 quel point m\u00e9decine, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuliers.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> et culte des morts \u00e9taient \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s en M\u00e9sopotamie. Le traitement du malade \u00e9tait en m\u00eame temps le traitement d&rsquo;une relation troubl\u00e9e entre vivants et morts.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;<em>\u0101\u0161ipu<\/em> n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas un exorciste au sens ult\u00e9rieur du terme, chassant un ennemi, mais plut\u00f4t un m\u00e9diateur r\u00e9tablissant une relation sociale d\u00e9grad\u00e9e \u2013 \u00e0 ceci pr\u00e8s que l&rsquo;un des protagonistes \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 mort. Parmi les puissances malfaisantes apparent\u00e9es, contre lesquelles intervenaient les m\u00eames sp\u00e9cialistes, figuraient le <a href=\"\/fr\/rabisu\/\">Rabisu<\/a> et les d\u00e9mons <em>utukku<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp80cd23c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp80cd23c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5308c81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5308c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les offrandes kispu et le culte des morts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9eacb7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9eacb7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp62f6bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp62f6bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La pr\u00e9vention la plus efficace contre un <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> sans repos \u00e9tait la pratique r\u00e9guli\u00e8re et correcte du culte des morts, le <em>kispu<\/em>. Ce terme d\u00e9signe les offrandes fun\u00e9raires et les rites comm\u00e9moratifs que les descendants devaient accomplir pour leurs anc\u00eatres d\u00e9funts.<\/p><p>Le <em>kispu<\/em> consistait essentiellement en la pr\u00e9sentation de nourriture et surtout d&rsquo;eau pour les morts, accompagn\u00e9e de la prononciation de leurs noms.<\/p><p>Ces rites avaient une place fixe dans le calendrier. Il existait des jours comm\u00e9moratifs r\u00e9guliers, souvent mensuels, et le mois d&rsquo;Abu au c\u0153ur de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un temps particulier de m\u00e9moire des morts, durant lequel le lien entre les mondes \u00e9tait pens\u00e9 comme perm\u00e9able.<\/p><p>Le culte ne concernait pas seulement les morts r\u00e9cents, mais s&rsquo;\u00e9tendait sur des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations ; dans les maisons royales, de longues listes d&rsquo;anc\u00eatres \u00e9taient r\u00e9cit\u00e9es lors du <em>kispu<\/em>.<\/p><p>La logique en est claire : un mort pourvu par le <em>kispu<\/em>, dont le nom est prononc\u00e9 et la soif \u00e9tanch\u00e9e, demeure satisfait dans le monde souterrain et ne revient pas.<\/p><p>Un mort oubli\u00e9, dont la famille s&rsquo;est \u00e9teinte ou a n\u00e9glig\u00e9 le culte, devient un <em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> affam\u00e9, assoiff\u00e9 et sans repos. Le culte des morts n&rsquo;\u00e9tait donc pas une simple <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'attitude et la pratique religieuse v\u00e9cue d'un \u00eatre humain.\" tabindex=\"0\">pi\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span>, mais un contrat entre les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations aux cons\u00e9quences imm\u00e9diates.<\/p><p>Les vivants pourvoyaient aux besoins des morts et s&rsquo;achetaient ainsi la tranquillit\u00e9 ; les morts, en retour, pouvaient \u00eatre bienveillants envers les vivants lorsqu&rsquo;ils \u00e9taient satisfaits. La croyance en l&rsquo;<em>e\u1e6demmu<\/em> et le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actes symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> du <em>kispu<\/em> sont les deux faces d&rsquo;un m\u00eame rapport au monde des d\u00e9funts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liens compl\u00e9mentaires<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/fr\/gallu\/\">Gallu, d\u00e9mon-chasseur m\u00e9sopotamien apparent\u00e9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/lamashtu\/\">Lamashtu, d\u00e9mone apparent\u00e9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu, figure protectrice apotropa\u00efque<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/ereshkigal\/\">Ereshkigal, reine du monde souterrain<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/nergal\/\">Nergal, dieu du monde souterrain<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/rabisu\/\">Rabisu, d\u00e9mon guetteur apparent\u00e9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/mesopotamie\/\">Tradition m\u00e9sopotamienne, contexte g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliographie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Bott\u00e9ro, Jean: <em>Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Black, Jeremy \/ Green, Anthony: <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. British Museum Press, London 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wiggermann, Frans A.M.: <em>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actes symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Texts<\/em>. Styx, Groningen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Scurlock, JoAnn: <em>Magico-Medical Means of Treating Ghost-Induced Illnesses in Ancient Mesopotamia<\/em>. Brill, Leiden 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Benjamin R.: <em>Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature<\/em>. CDL Press, Bethesda 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hee\u00dfel, Nils P.: <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>. AOAT 43, M\u00fcnster 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-edimmu-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-edimmu-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-edimmu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-edimmu-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-edimmu-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">La pratique de protection d\u00e9crite ici constitue une mise en contexte historico-religieuse de traditions anciennes. iWell Guard s&rsquo;inscrit dans cette lign\u00e9e culturelle des objets de protection portables et en repr\u00e9sente une forme contemporaine. <a href=\"\/fr\/a-propos-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">En savoir plus sur l&rsquo;iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1441f2e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1441f2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93e86c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93e86c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur l&rsquo;Edimmu<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Qu&rsquo;\u00e9taient les Edimmu dans la religion m\u00e9sopotamienne ?<\/h3><p>Les Edimmu (sum\u00e9rien GIDIM, akkadien e\u1e6dimmu) \u00e9taient, dans la religion m\u00e9sopotamienne, les esprits des d\u00e9funts \u2013 en particulier ceux qui n&rsquo;avaient pas re\u00e7u de s\u00e9pulture correcte ou dont la famille ne leur avait pas apport\u00e9 d&rsquo;offrandes fun\u00e9raires.<\/p><p>Ils sont l&rsquo;\u00e9quivalent m\u00e9sopotamien des fant\u00f4mes et des esprits frappeurs qui demeurent dans le monde des vivants pour tourmenter les leurs \u2013 par la maladie, les cauchemars, les accidents et le malheur. Dans l&rsquo;\u00c9pop\u00e9e de Gilgame\u0161, l&rsquo;Edimmu d&rsquo;Enkidu revient du monde souterrain et raconte \u00e0 Gilgame\u0161 les conditions qui y r\u00e8gnent.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Comment se prot\u00e9geait-on d&rsquo;un Edimmu ?<\/h3><p>La m\u00e9thode la plus importante \u00e9tait la s\u00e9pulture correcte et l&rsquo;offrande fun\u00e9raire r\u00e9guli\u00e8re (Kispum) \u2013 pain, bi\u00e8re, eau pour les anc\u00eatres. Si un Edimmu revenait malgr\u00e9 tout, on avait recours aux tablettes d&rsquo;incantation, au <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actes symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> namburbi (une sorte de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actes symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> de dissolution) et \u00e0 l&rsquo;invocation des dieux m\u00e9sopotamiens, notamment \u0160ama\u0161 (dieu soleil et juge) et Marduk.<\/p><p>Un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence r\u00e9gl\u00e9e d'actes symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> typique consistait \u00e0 modeler une figurine d&rsquo;argile repr\u00e9sentant l&rsquo;Edimmu, \u00e0 y inscrire le nom de l&rsquo;esprit et \u00e0 l&rsquo;enterrer symboliquement ou \u00e0 la jeter \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was waren Edimmu in der mesopotamischen Religion?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Edimmu (sumerisch GIDIM, akkadisch e\\u1e6dimmu) waren in der mesopotamischen Religion die Geister Verstorbener \\u2014 speziell solcher, die keine ordentliche Bestattung erhielten oder deren Familie ihnen keine Totenopfer brachte. Sie sind das mesopotamische Pendant zu den Gespenstern und Spukgeistern, die im Diesseits verbleiben, um ihre Lebenden zu plagen \\u2014 durch Krankheit, Albtr\\u00e4ume, Unf\\u00e4lle und Ungl\\u00fcck. Im Gilgamesch-Epos kehrt der Edimmu des Enkidu aus der Unterwelt zur\\u00fcck und erz\\u00e4hlt Gilgamesch von den Verh\\u00e4ltnissen im Totenreich.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wie sch\\u00fctzte man sich vor einem Edimmu?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Die wichtigste Methode war die ordentliche Bestattung und das regelm\\u00e4\\u00dfige Totenopfer (Kispum) \\u2014 Brot, Bier, Wasser f\\u00fcr die Vorfahren. Wenn ein Edimmu trotzdem zur\\u00fcckkehrte, halfen Beschw\\u00f6rungstafeln, das namburbi-<span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Eine geregelte Abfolge symbolischer Handlungen mit religi\u00f6ser oder kultureller Bedeutung.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Ritual<\/span> (eine Art Aufl\\u00f6sungs-<span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Eine geregelte Abfolge symbolischer Handlungen mit religi\u00f6ser oder kultureller Bedeutung.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Ritual<\/span>) und der Anruf der mesopotamischen G\\u00f6tter \\u2014 besonders \\u0160ama\\u0161 (Sonnengott und Richter) und Marduk. Ein typisches <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"Eine geregelte Abfolge symbolischer Handlungen mit religi\u00f6ser oder kultureller Bedeutung.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">Ritual<\/span> bestand darin, eine Tonfigur des Edimmu zu formen, sie mit dem Namen des Geistes zu beschriften und symbolisch zu vergraben oder ins Wasser zu werfen.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1693,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Edimmu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Edimmu \u2013 esprit de la tradition m\u00e9sopotamienne | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"L'Edimmu est, dans la d\u00e9monologie m\u00e9sopotamienne, la cons\u00e9quence d'une n\u00e9gligence humaine : un esprit des morts sans repos n\u00e9 d'une s\u00e9pulture omise.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[29,25,59],"class_list":["post-10641","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geister","category-kulturen","category-mesopotamien"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Edimmu \u2013 esprit de la tradition m\u00e9sopotamienne | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L&#039;Edimmu est, dans la d\u00e9monologie m\u00e9sopotamienne, la cons\u00e9quence d&#039;une n\u00e9gligence humaine : un esprit des morts sans repos n\u00e9 d&#039;une s\u00e9pulture omise.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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