{"id":10568,"date":"2026-05-13T20:30:52","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/bunjil-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T14:42:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:42:35","slug":"bunjil","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/bunjil\/","title":{"rendered":"Bunjil \u2013 aigle cr\u00e9ateur des Kulin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10568\" class=\"elementor elementor-10568 elementor-2647 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil, l'aigle \u00e0 queue cun\u00e9iforme, cr\u00e9ateur des tribus Kulin de Victoria<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bunjil est le cr\u00e9ateur-aigle de la conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration tribale Kulin \u00e0 Victoria, en Australie m\u00e9ridionale. Il appara\u00eet sous la forme de l&rsquo;aigle \u00e0 queue cun\u00e9iforme (<em>Aquila audax<\/em>) et est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le \u00ab All-Father \u00bb d&rsquo;un groupe de langues aborig\u00e8nes apparent\u00e9es, notamment le Wurundjeri, le Boon Wurrung, le Taungurong et le Wathaurong.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Cr\u00e9ateur de la tradition Aboriginal.\">Cr\u00e9ateur<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/australie-aborigene\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythologie de la tradition Aboriginal.\">Aboriginal<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Divinit\u00e9 supr\u00eame.\">Divinit\u00e9 supr\u00eame<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bunjil-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bunjil-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bunjil-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_bunjil-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2869\" alt=\"Bunjil - G\u00f6tter aus der Aboriginal-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_bunjil-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_bunjil-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_bunjil-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_bunjil.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification et profil succinct<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bunjil est la figure religieuse la plus importante de la conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration tribale Kulin \u00e0 Victoria. Les Kulin regroupent plusieurs communaut\u00e9s linguistiques apparent\u00e9es : les Wurundjeri (dans la vall\u00e9e de la Yarra), les Boon Wurrung (sur la baie de Port Phillip), les Taungurong (dans la vall\u00e9e du Goulburn), les Wathaurong (dans la r\u00e9gion de Geelong) et les Djadja Wurrung, qui partagent tous Bunjil comme divinit\u00e9 supr\u00eame.<\/p><p>Bunjil est identifi\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;aigle \u00e0 queue cun\u00e9iforme (en anglais : wedge-tailed eagle), le plus grand rapace d&rsquo;Australie. Par cette identification animale, il se distingue de <a href=\"\/fr\/baiame\/\">Baiame<\/a>, con\u00e7u de fa\u00e7on plus anthropomorphe. Sur le plan ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique religieux, il appartient n\u00e9anmoins au type du \u00ab All-Father \u00bb que Alfred Howitt a d\u00e9crit syst\u00e9matiquement en 1884.<\/p><p>Au sein de la <a href=\"\/fr\/australie-aborigene\/\">tradition Aboriginal<\/a>, Bunjil est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressant par son lien avec un syst\u00e8me dualiste : les Kulin se divisent en deux moiti\u00e9s (\u00ab moieties \u00bb), Bunjil-Eaglehawk et Waa-Crow. Cette organisation dualiste structure l&rsquo;ensemble des r\u00e8gles matrimoniales et de l&rsquo;ordre social.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom et \u00e9tymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le nom <em>Bunjil<\/em> (\u00e9galement <em>Bundjil<\/em>, <em>Punjel<\/em>) est \u00e9tabli comme nom propre en Wurundjeri et dans les autres langues Kulin. L&rsquo;\u00e9tymologie relie probablement le mot \u00e0 la racine <em>bunj-<\/em>, \u00ab homme \u00e2g\u00e9, seigneur sage \u00bb, attest\u00e9e dans de nombreuses langues du sud-est de l&rsquo;Australie.<\/p><p>Robert Brough Smyth, dans <em>The Aborigines of Victoria<\/em> (1878), a utilis\u00e9 la graphie <em>Pun-jel<\/em>. Cette graphie ne s&rsquo;est pas impos\u00e9e ; aujourd&rsquo;hui, <em>Bunjil<\/em> est la forme standard.<\/p><p>Le lien avec l&rsquo;aigle (<em>wedge-tailed eagle<\/em>, localement <em>willarwill<\/em> ou <em>maliyan<\/em>) n&rsquo;est pas seulement nominal, mais aussi iconographique. Dans les peintures rupestres de l&rsquo;abri de Bunjil pr\u00e8s de Stawell (territoire Wurundjeri), une grande figure mi-aigle mi-homme est conserv\u00e9e, identifi\u00e9e \u00e0 Bunjil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description et iconographie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bunjil est d\u00e9crit comme un grand homme sage accompagn\u00e9 de deux femmes et de deux fils, capable en m\u00eame temps de prendre la forme d&rsquo;un puissant aigle. Cette double nature le distingue des divinit\u00e9s supr\u00eames purement anthropomorphes d&rsquo;autres groupes Aboriginal.<\/p><p>La repr\u00e9sentation la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de Bunjil est la peinture rupestre de l&rsquo;abri de Bunjil (Bunjil Shelter) pr\u00e8s de Stawell dans l&rsquo;ouest de Victoria. Elle montre une figure d&rsquo;environ 1,2 m\u00e8tre de haut aux bras \u00e9tendus, orn\u00e9e d&rsquo;un d\u00e9cor \u00e9voquant des plumes, accompagn\u00e9e de deux \u00eatres ressemblant \u00e0 des chiens (vraisemblablement ses deux fils sous forme animale). Ce site est prot\u00e9g\u00e9 sous la l\u00e9gislation Aboriginal depuis les ann\u00e9es 1980.<\/p><p>Dans l&rsquo;art Aboriginal contemporain de Victoria, Bunjil est fr\u00e9quemment repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par des symboles d&rsquo;aigle. Plusieurs artistes Wurundjeri ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 des repr\u00e9sentations modernes de Bunjil ; une sculpture connue du sculpteur Bruce Armstrong se trouve aujourd&rsquo;hui \u00e0 Melbourne (Docklands).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9cits mythologiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le r\u00e9cit central de Bunjil d\u00e9crit la cr\u00e9ation du monde Kulin : Bunjil et son fr\u00e8re Waa-Crow descendirent sur terre au temps du Dreaming. Bunjil fa\u00e7onna le paysage et les animaux ; \u00e0 partir de deux morceaux de bois, il cr\u00e9a les deux premiers hommes ; \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;argile tir\u00e9e du lit de la rivi\u00e8re, les deux premi\u00e8res femmes.<\/p><p>Il donna ensuite aux humains les lois tribales et remonta au ciel, o\u00f9 il est aujourd&rsquo;hui visible sous la forme de l&rsquo;\u00e9toile Alta\u00efr (dans la tradition Kulin).<\/p><p>Un second r\u00e9cit d\u00e9crit une querelle entre Bunjil et Waa-Crow sur la question de savoir qui devait r\u00e9partir les humains dans quelle moiti\u00e9. Ce r\u00e9cit l\u00e9gitime la structure duelle des moiti\u00e9s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Kulin, qui prescrit les mariages entre les moiti\u00e9s Bunjil et Waa.<\/p><p>A. W. Howitt a document\u00e9 plusieurs r\u00e9cits de Bunjil provenant de diff\u00e9rents groupes linguistiques Kulin dans <em>The Native Tribes of South-East Australia<\/em> (1904). Ce recueil demeure une source primaire centrale, m\u00eame si sa perspective ext\u00e9rieure est aujourd&rsquo;hui examin\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on critique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Culte et v\u00e9n\u00e9ration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des pratiques de v\u00e9n\u00e9ration religieuse envers une divinit\u00e9 ou une figure sacr\u00e9e.\" tabindex=\"0\">culte<\/span> de Bunjil \u00e9tait \u00e9troitement li\u00e9, dans le territoire historique des Kulin, \u00e0 l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Passage rituel par lequel quelqu'un est int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans un nouveau statut ou une communaut\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">initiation<\/span> des jeunes hommes. Howitt d\u00e9crit plusieurs s\u00e9quences d&rsquo;initiation au cours desquelles des chants d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 Bunjil \u00e9taient appris, des rhombes de Bunjil pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s et l&rsquo;ordre cosmologique transmis. L&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Passage rituel par lequel quelqu'un est int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans un nouveau statut ou une communaut\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">initiation<\/span> \u00e9tait progressive et durait plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p><p>Avec la colonisation europ\u00e9enne de Victoria \u00e0 partir de 1834, la religion Kulin fut gravement endommag\u00e9e. Vers 1880, la pratique traditionnelle li\u00e9e \u00e0 Bunjil \u00e9tait largement interrompue. La communaut\u00e9 Wurundjeri de Coranderrk (fond\u00e9e en 1863) pr\u00e9serva certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments sous une forme mod\u00e9r\u00e9e ; <em><span lang=\"en\">Rebellion<\/span> at Coranderrk<\/em> de Diane Barwick (1998) documente cette histoire.<\/p><p>Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1980, la tradition de Bunjil conna\u00eet une renaissance. Le Wurundjeri Council of Elders utilise Bunjil comme figure d&rsquo;identification culturelle centrale ; lors des c\u00e9r\u00e9monies officielles de \u00ab Welcome to Country \u00bb \u00e0 Melbourne, Bunjil est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement invoqu\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pratiques de protection et apotropa\u00efque<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sur le plan des sciences des religions : les pratiques apotropa\u00efques dans le complexe de Bunjil visaient moins \u00e0 \u00e9carter un danger qu&rsquo;\u00e0 respecter l&rsquo;ordre tribal donn\u00e9 par Bunjil. \u00c9taient interdits : le mariage au sein de la m\u00eame moiti\u00e9 ; la mise \u00e0 mort de l&rsquo;aigle \u00e0 queue cun\u00e9iforme (Bunjil lui-m\u00eame) ; la profanation des sites sacr\u00e9s comme l&rsquo;abri de Bunjil ; la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation des secrets masculins.<\/p><p>Dans le cadre de la tradition, la transgression de ces r\u00e8gles \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme d\u00e9clencheur de maladie et de malheur social. Le tabou de tuer un aigle \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement strict ; un aigle mort devait \u00eatre inhum\u00e9 comme un membre de la tribu.<\/p><p>Dans la pratique Wurundjeri contemporaine, la protection de l&rsquo;aigle \u00e0 queue cun\u00e9iforme est devenue une norme \u00e9cologique vivante. Plusieurs initiatives Wurundjeri \u0153uvrent \u00e0 la r\u00e9introduction de l&rsquo;aigle dans la r\u00e9gion de la vall\u00e9e de la Yarra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les dans d'autres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sont structurellement comparables \u00e0 Bunjil : <a href=\"\/fr\/baiame\/\">Baiame<\/a> chez les Wiradjuri\/Kamilaroi (anthropomorphe), Daramulun dans certains groupes de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Mungan-Ngana chez les Kurnai (tous de type \u00ab All-Father \u00bb selon Howitt, 1884). Dans les Plaines d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord, on trouve la tradition de l&rsquo;aigle-cr\u00e9ateur des Sioux (Wakinyan) ; en Sib\u00e9rie, l&rsquo;aigle-animal cr\u00e9ateur de plusieurs traditions chamaniques.<\/p><p>Sur le plan ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique, Bunjil est un type mixte int\u00e9ressant : \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 anthropomorphe, \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 tot\u00e9mique. Cette double nature le distingue des divinit\u00e9s supr\u00eames purement anthropomorphes et en fait un cas d&rsquo;\u00e9tude pr\u00e9cieux pour la classification en sciences des religions.<\/p><p>Tony Swain a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 Bunjil dans <em>A Place for Strangers<\/em> (1993) comme exemple d&rsquo;une forme religieuse sp\u00e9cifiquement sud-est australienne, qui ne peut \u00eatre r\u00e9duite aux cat\u00e9gories europ\u00e9ennes de dieu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9ception contemporaine et recherche<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les principales \u0153uvres pionni\u00e8res sont celles de Robert Brough Smyth : <em>The Aborigines of Victoria<\/em> (1878) et A. W. Howitt : <em>The Native Tribes of South-East Australia<\/em> (1904). Ces deux \u0153uvres sont marqu\u00e9es par des perspectives coloniales, mais restent des sources primaires indispensables.<\/p><p><em><span lang=\"en\">Rebellion<\/span> at Coranderrk<\/em> de Diane Barwick (1998, posthume) est la principale \u00e9tude historique sur la communaut\u00e9 Wurundjeri au XIXe si\u00e8cle ; elle montre comment la religiosit\u00e9 traditionnelle a surv\u00e9cu et s&rsquo;est transform\u00e9e pendant la p\u00e9riode des r\u00e9serves.<\/p><p>Dans la recherche Aboriginal contemporaine, les voix indig\u00e8nes Wurundjeri et Kulin jouent un r\u00f4le de plus en plus important. Bruce Pascoe, Marcia Langton et d&rsquo;autres ont introduit Bunjil dans le d\u00e9bat actuel sur l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 Aboriginal et les droits fonciers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9bats de recherche et questions ouvertes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plusieurs d\u00e9bats de recherche gravitent autour de Bunjil. Premi\u00e8rement : quel est son rapport \u00e0 <a href=\"\/fr\/baiame\/\">Baiame<\/a> et \u00e0 Daramulun ? Howitt les consid\u00e9rait comme des variantes r\u00e9gionales d&rsquo;un type commun de \u00ab All-Father \u00bb ; des recherches plus r\u00e9centes (Swain) tendent \u00e0 les lire comme des figures r\u00e9gionales ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/p><p>Deuxi\u00e8mement : quel r\u00f4le joue le syst\u00e8me des moiti\u00e9s (Bunjil\/Waa) dans l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 Wurundjeri actuelle ? Avec l&rsquo;interruption de l&rsquo;ordre matrimonial traditionnel au XIXe si\u00e8cle, la structure des moiti\u00e9s a perdu sa fonction sociale d&rsquo;origine ; elle survit aujourd&rsquo;hui comme figure d&rsquo;identification culturelle.<\/p><p>Troisi\u00e8mement : comment la tradition de Bunjil \u00e9volue-t-elle avec la renaissance Aboriginal contemporaine ? Ian D. Clark a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un inventaire syst\u00e9matique dans <em>Aboriginal Languages and Clans of Victoria<\/em> (1990) ; des voix plus r\u00e9centes issues de la communaut\u00e9 Wurundjeri elle-m\u00eame compl\u00e8tent le tableau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil et le syst\u00e8me des moiti\u00e9s des Kulin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le syst\u00e8me des moiti\u00e9s des Kulin m\u00e9rite un approfondissement. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Kulin \u00e9tait divis\u00e9e en deux \u00ab moiti\u00e9s \u00bb : Bunjil-Eaglehawk et Waa-Crow. Chaque personne appartenait \u00e0 l&rsquo;une des deux moiti\u00e9s, et les mariages n&rsquo;\u00e9taient autoris\u00e9s qu&rsquo;en traversant la fronti\u00e8re entre les moiti\u00e9s. Cette structure dualiste r\u00e9gissait la parent\u00e9 ainsi que les fonctions rituelles, les droits fonciers et les attributions cosmologiques.<\/p><p>Howitt a d\u00e9crit ce syst\u00e8me de fa\u00e7on syst\u00e9matique dans <em>The Native Tribes of South-East Australia<\/em> (1904) ; ses notes constituent une source importante en anthropologie religieuse pour l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des ordres sociaux dualistes.<\/p><p>Sur le plan ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique, le syst\u00e8me des moiti\u00e9s est l&rsquo;un des meilleurs exemples du lien \u00e9troit entre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des r\u00e9cits mythologiques transmis sur les dieux et les origines d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythologie<\/span> (la querelle fraternelle Bunjil\/Waa) et ordre social. La religion n&rsquo;est pas ici un domaine s\u00e9par\u00e9, mais une composante int\u00e9grale de la vie sociale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil et la renaissance Wurundjeri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1980, la communaut\u00e9 Wurundjeri de Melbourne conna\u00eet une renaissance culturelle. Bunjil en est devenu la figure d&rsquo;identification centrale. Le Wurundjeri Council of Elders l&rsquo;invoque dans ses communications officielles ; l&rsquo;abri de Bunjil pr\u00e8s de Stawell est devenu un lieu de p\u00e8lerinage.<\/p><p>Lors des c\u00e9r\u00e9monies annuelles de \u00ab Welcome to Country \u00bb \u00e0 Melbourne, Bunjil est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement invoqu\u00e9 ; la ville elle-m\u00eame est dot\u00e9e depuis 2002 d&rsquo;une grande sculpture de Bunjil (sign\u00e9e Bruce Armstrong) dans le quartier des Docklands, qui fait office de point d&rsquo;accueil symbolique pour les visiteurs.<\/p><p>Sur le plan de la sociologie des religions, cette renaissance est un exemple de politique identitaire Aboriginal contemporaine : les traditions religieuses deviennent le fondement d&rsquo;une repr\u00e9sentation culturelle moderne et d&rsquo;une argumentation politique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9flexion m\u00e9thodologique et sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La recherche sur Bunjil soul\u00e8ve plusieurs probl\u00e8mes m\u00e9thodologiques. Premi\u00e8rement : les principales sources primaires (Brough Smyth, Howitt) datent du XIXe si\u00e8cle et sont marqu\u00e9es par des perspectives coloniales. La recherche contemporaine les utilise de fa\u00e7on critique.<\/p><p>Deuxi\u00e8mement : une grande partie du savoir sur Bunjil a \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9e avec la dissolution de Coranderrk en 1924 et la politique des r\u00e9serves qui a suivi. Ce que nous savons aujourd&rsquo;hui n&rsquo;est donc in\u00e9vitablement qu&rsquo;un fragment de la profondeur traditionnelle.<\/p><p>Troisi\u00e8mement : l&rsquo;auto-repr\u00e9sentation Wurundjeri contemporaine constitue un niveau de source \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re. Bruce Pascoe (<em>Dark Emu<\/em>, 2014) et d&rsquo;autres chercheurs indig\u00e8nes apportent de nouvelles perspectives.<\/p><p>Ceux qui souhaitent \u00e9tudier le complexe de Bunjil dans toute son \u00e9tendue trouveront sur la page de pr\u00e9sentation <a href=\"\/fr\/australie-aborigene\/\">tradition Aboriginal<\/a> les principaux renvois aux figures apparent\u00e9es telles que <a href=\"\/fr\/baiame\/\">Baiame<\/a> et <a href=\"\/fr\/yhi\/\">Yhi<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil et l'h\u00e9ritage de Coranderrk<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&rsquo;h\u00e9ritage de Coranderrk m\u00e9rite un approfondissement historique particulier. Coranderrk \u00e9tait une r\u00e9serve Aboriginal \u00e0 Victoria (1863\u20131924), qui devint la principale communaut\u00e9 Wurundjeri du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Elle fut un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;autogestion Aboriginal relativement autonome.<\/p><p><em><span lang=\"en\">Rebellion<\/span> at Coranderrk<\/em> de Diane Barwick (1998, posthume) est la principale \u00e9tude historique consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 cette r\u00e9serve. Elle montre comment les Wurundjeri ont maintenu leur religion traditionnelle sous une forme modifi\u00e9e dans les conditions de Coranderrk ; Bunjil y est rest\u00e9 une figure de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence centrale.<\/p><p>La fermeture de Coranderrk en 1924 fut une rupture traumatique dans l&rsquo;histoire des Wurundjeri. Ce n&rsquo;est que depuis les ann\u00e9es 1980 que la communaut\u00e9 Wurundjeri a de nouveau revendiqu\u00e9 ouvertement sa continuit\u00e9 culturelle ; la tradition de Bunjil y joue un r\u00f4le central.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil et Melbourne en tant que territoire Wurundjeri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La ville de Melbourne est b\u00e2tie sur le territoire Wurundjeri. Ce fait est de plus en plus reconnu depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990 dans la politique identitaire urbaine ; Bunjil est devenu l&rsquo;incarnation symbolique de l&rsquo;h\u00e9ritage indig\u00e8ne.<\/p><p>La sculpture de Bunjil sign\u00e9e Bruce Armstrong (2002) dans les Melbourne Docklands en est un exemple saisissant : une sculpture d&rsquo;aigle de 25 m\u00e8tres de hauteur, qui fait office de \u00ab Welcome to Country \u00bb symbolique pour les visiteurs. Elle est la plus grande sculpture li\u00e9e aux Aboriginal en Australie.<\/p><p>Sur le plan de la sociologie des religions, cette sculpture est un exemple paradigmatique de la repr\u00e9sentation Aboriginal contemporaine dans l&rsquo;espace urbain. Elle rend visible une tradition religieuse pour un large public, en majorit\u00e9 non Aboriginal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil et l'astronomie Aboriginal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans la tradition Kulin, Bunjil est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9toile Alta\u00efr (l&rsquo;Aigle dans le syst\u00e8me occidental). Cet ancrage astronomique n&rsquo;est pas fortuit : Alta\u00efr est effectivement l&rsquo;\u00e9toile la plus brillante de la constellation occidentale de \u00ab l&rsquo;Aigle \u00bb, ce qui correspond \u00e0 l&rsquo;identification iconographique de Bunjil comme aigle \u00e0 queue cun\u00e9iforme.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;astronomie Aboriginal des groupes Kulin comprend une riche tradition de r\u00e9cits stellaires. John Morieson a reconstitu\u00e9 la tradition astronomique d&rsquo;un groupe Wergaia dans <em>The Night Sky of the Boorong<\/em> (1996) ; elle r\u00e9v\u00e8le une profondeur d&rsquo;observation extraordinaire.<\/p><p>Sur le plan ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique, cet ancrage astronomique est important : Bunjil est, au-del\u00e0 de son \u00eatre mythique, une constante cosmologique. Il \u00ab se d\u00e9place \u00bb avec le cours de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e, ce qui structurait la pratique calendaire Aboriginal. Cette imbrication de religion et d&rsquo;astronomie est l&rsquo;un des h\u00e9ritages les plus riches de la science Aboriginal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil et la sculpture de Bruce Armstrong<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La sculpture de Bunjil de 25 m\u00e8tres sign\u00e9e Bruce Armstrong (2002) dans les Melbourne Docklands est l&rsquo;une des plus grandes sculptures li\u00e9es aux Aboriginal en Australie. Elle symbolise l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 Wurundjeri contemporaine et fait office de \u00ab Welcome to Country \u00bb pour les visiteurs de la ville.<\/p><p>Sur le plan de l&rsquo;anthropologie religieuse, la sculpture est int\u00e9ressante parce qu&rsquo;elle transpose une figure traditionnellement rituelle dans l&rsquo;espace urbain. Bunjil est ici \u00e0 la fois figure d&rsquo;identification d&rsquo;une petite communaut\u00e9 indig\u00e8ne et <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un signe qui repr\u00e9sente par substitution une id\u00e9e ou une signification.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbole<\/span> public d&rsquo;une ville de pr\u00e8s de cinq millions d&rsquo;habitants.<\/p><p>Cette double fonction (religion indig\u00e8ne et repr\u00e9sentation urbaine) est un exemple paradigmatique en sociologie des religions. Elle soul\u00e8ve des questions : jusqu&rsquo;o\u00f9 une figure indig\u00e8ne peut-elle \u00eatre transpos\u00e9e dans des espaces publics ? Qui en d\u00e9cide ? Ces questions font l&rsquo;objet de vifs d\u00e9bats dans le discours Aboriginal contemporain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s16h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s16h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil et le d\u00e9bat sur la sant\u00e9 Aboriginal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s16c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s16c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s16t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s16t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un approfondissement d&rsquo;histoire contemporaine s&rsquo;impose concernant le r\u00f4le de Bunjil dans le d\u00e9bat actuel sur la sant\u00e9 Aboriginal. La situation sanitaire de la population Aboriginal de Victoria est nettement moins favorable que celle de la population non Aboriginal ; l&rsquo;initiative \u00ab Closing the Gap \u00bb vise \u00e0 r\u00e9duire cet \u00e9cart.<\/p><p>Dans ce d\u00e9bat, Bunjil est de plus en plus invoqu\u00e9 comme figure de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour des services de sant\u00e9 \u00ab culturellement inform\u00e9s \u00bb. Des organisations de sant\u00e9 Aboriginal comme le VAHS (Victorian Aboriginal Health Service) int\u00e8grent la spiritualit\u00e9 traditionnelle \u00e0 la pratique m\u00e9dicale moderne.<\/p><p>Sur le plan de la sociologie des religions, cette int\u00e9gration est un cas d&rsquo;\u00e9tude int\u00e9ressant. La religion est per\u00e7ue comme un compl\u00e9ment \u00e0 la m\u00e9decine, non comme une alternative ; Bunjil appara\u00eet comme composante d&rsquo;une conception holistique de la sant\u00e9, sans aucunement concurrencer la m\u00e9decine conventionnelle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s17 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s17h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s17h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bunjil et le discours Aboriginal contemporain<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s17c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s17c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-s17t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-s17t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Une remarque conclusive s&rsquo;impose sur Bunjil dans le discours Aboriginal contemporain. Le Wurundjeri Council of Elders et d&rsquo;autres organisations Kulin utilisent Bunjil comme figure de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence centrale pour l&rsquo;affirmation culturelle de soi.<\/p><p>Stan Grant, \u00e9minent journaliste et auteur Aboriginal, a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans plusieurs de ses \u0153uvres l&rsquo;importance de Bunjil pour l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 indig\u00e8ne contemporaine. Cette pratique discursive fait de Bunjil l&rsquo;une des figures supr\u00eames Aboriginal les plus vivantes de notre \u00e9poque.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b560de4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b560de4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2364caff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2364caff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ancrage r\u00e9gional dans les groupes linguistiques Kulin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21658029 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp21658029\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20940a10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20940a10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bunjil n&rsquo;est pas une figure pan-australienne : il appartient concr\u00e8tement aux groupes linguistiques de la Nation Kulin, dans le centre et le sud de Victoria. Cela comprend notamment les Wurundjeri, les Boonwurrung, les Taungurung, les Wathaurong et les Dja Dja Wurrung.<\/p><p>Dans ces langues apparent\u00e9es, le mot <em>bunjil<\/em> d\u00e9signe l&rsquo;aigle \u00e0 queue cun\u00e9iforme, et la figure mythologique porte ce nom en tant qu&rsquo;anc\u00eatre-aigle. Transposer la tradition de Bunjil \u00e0 des cultures Aboriginal d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9gions, comme l&rsquo;Arnhem Land ou le d\u00e9sert de l&rsquo;Ouest, serait factuellement inexact.<\/p><p>Au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Kulin, Bunjil est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;une des deux moiti\u00e9s, la division sociale binaire qui r\u00e9git les r\u00e8gles matrimoniales et la parent\u00e9. Une moiti\u00e9 est plac\u00e9e sous Bunjil, l&rsquo;aigle, l&rsquo;autre sous Waa, l&rsquo;anc\u00eatre corbeau.<\/p><p>Cette dualit\u00e9 est \u00e0 lire comme un ordre compl\u00e9mentaire prescrivant les mariages entre les moiti\u00e9s, non comme une opposition entre le bien et le mal. Des observateurs pr\u00e9coces comme le linguiste et colon William Thomas ainsi que l&rsquo;ethnographe Alfred William Howitt ont document\u00e9 ces structures au XIXe si\u00e8cle, d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans une phase de destruction coloniale massive de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Kulin.<\/p><p>La situation des sources doit donc \u00eatre trait\u00e9e avec prudence. Une grande partie de ce qui est transmis sur Bunjil provient de notes de colons, de missionnaires et de fonctionnaires qui ne ma\u00eetrisaient les langues qu&rsquo;en partie et interrogeaient leurs informateurs souvent dans des conditions de d\u00e9placement et de mission.<\/p><p>Les communaut\u00e9s Wurundjeri et autres Kulin d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui soulignent que Bunjil est une composante vivante de leur identit\u00e9 et ne peut \u00eatre r\u00e9duit \u00e0 l&rsquo;ethnographie historique. Les affirmations sur Bunjil devraient donc toujours pr\u00e9ciser le groupe linguistique concern\u00e9 et identifier explicitement la m\u00e9diation coloniale comme telle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp236600f0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp236600f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f1dcd32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2f1dcd32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'abri rupestre Bunjil's Shelter pr\u00e8s de Stawell<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2238c52e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2238c52e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20e1712c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20e1712c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le site le plus connu associ\u00e9 \u00e0 Bunjil est un abri sous roche dans les Black Range pr\u00e8s de Stawell, dans l&rsquo;ouest de Victoria, d\u00e9sign\u00e9 aujourd&rsquo;hui sous le nom de Bunjil&rsquo;s Shelter ou Bunjil&rsquo;s Cave.<\/p><p>Sous l&rsquo;abri se trouve une peinture rupestre repr\u00e9sentant une figure humaine aux bras \u00e9tendus, flanqu\u00e9e de deux figures animales plus petites, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es comme des dingos. C&rsquo;est la seule repr\u00e9sentation picturale connue de Bunjil dans l&rsquo;art rupestre de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p><p>La datation de la peinture est incertaine. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec des pigments rouges et blancs, et des surpeints ou rafra\u00eechissements ult\u00e9rieurs ne peuvent \u00eatre exclus. Aucune datation absolue fiable n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie, ce qui est fr\u00e9quent pour les peintures \u00e0 l&rsquo;ocre de ce type.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;attribution de la figure \u00e0 Bunjil repose sur la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission de savoirs et de r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> des communaut\u00e9s Aboriginal de la r\u00e9gion et non sur une <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un texte grav\u00e9 ou taill\u00e9 dans un support fixe.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscription<\/span> ou un trait iconographique sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9.<\/p><p>Le site a subi d&rsquo;importants actes de vandalisme au XXe si\u00e8cle, ce qui a conduit \u00e0 des mesures de protection dans les ann\u00e9es 1950, puis \u00e0 nouveau dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, notamment l&rsquo;installation d&rsquo;une grille et la modification du cheminement. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, le site est g\u00e9r\u00e9 en collaboration avec les propri\u00e9taires traditionnels.<\/p><p>Bunjil&rsquo;s Shelter illustre de fa\u00e7on exemplaire comment un seul ensemble de d\u00e9couvertes peut \u00eatre \u00e0 la fois monument arch\u00e9ologique, site cultuel vivant et objet de politique de protection.<\/p><p>Pour la recherche sur Bunjil, le site reste central car il relie la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission de savoirs et de r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> orale \u00e0 un t\u00e9moignage mat\u00e9riel, m\u00eame si l&rsquo;\u00e2ge et la signification originelle de celui-ci ne peuvent \u00eatre reconstruits qu&rsquo;en partie. Des conceptions d&rsquo;ordre apparent\u00e9es se retrouvent \u00e9galement chez <a href=\"\/fr\/baiame\/\">Baiame<\/a> plus au nord.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliographie (s\u00e9lection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>A. W. Howitt : <em>The Native Tribes of South-East Australia<\/em> (1904)<\/li><li>Robert Brough Smyth : <em>The Aborigines of Victoria<\/em> (1878)<\/li><li>Diane Barwick : <em><span lang=\"en\">Rebellion<\/span> at Coranderrk<\/em> (1998)<\/li><li>Tony Swain : <em>A Place for Strangers<\/em> (Cambridge, 1993)<\/li><li>Lynne Hume : <em>Ancestral Power<\/em> (Melbourne, 2002)<\/li><li>Bill Edwards : <em>An Introduction to Aboriginal Societies<\/em> (1998)<\/li><li>Ian D. Clark : <em>Aboriginal Languages and Clans of Victoria<\/em> (1990)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-bunjil e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-bunjil\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-bunjil-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-bunjil-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bunjil, l&rsquo;aigle \u00e0 queue cun\u00e9iforme, est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 dans les traditions des tribus Kulin du Victoria actuel comme le cr\u00e9ateur et l&rsquo;ordonnateur du monde. Ces tribus comprennent notamment les Wurundjeri, les Boonwurrung, les Taungurung, les Wathaurong et les Dja Dja Wurrung, qui entretiennent chacun leurs propres variantes des r\u00e9cits de Bunjil. Les tribus associent l&rsquo;aigle \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du paysage, \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles sociales et \u00e0 un savoir d&rsquo;initiation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bunjil e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bunjil\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bunjil-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bunjil-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chez les tribus Kulin de Victoria, Bunjil appara\u00eet sous la forme du Wedge-Tailed Eagle et comme cr\u00e9ateur ; les sources de Howitt, Smyth et Massola transmettent son <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un r\u00e9cit transmis sur les dieux, les origines et l'ordre du monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythe<\/span> de l&rsquo;ascension au ciel et de l&rsquo;institution de l&rsquo;ordre clanique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Mots-cl\u00e9s apparent\u00e9s : Bunjil Kulin Wurundjeri Wedge-Tailed Eagle Waa Crow All-Father.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-bunjil\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard et les traditions de protection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard s&rsquo;inscrit dans la tradition culturelle et historique des objets de protection portables, dans la tradition <a href=\"\/fr\/australie-aborigene\/\">Aboriginal<\/a> et de nombreuses autres cultures \u00e0 travers le monde. 41 niveaux, or v\u00e9ritable, platine, argent, fabriqu\u00e9 en Allemagne. Droit de retour sous 30 jours.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/fr\/a-propos-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">En savoir plus sur l'iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">En savoir plus sur l'iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Les exp\u00e9riences personnelles peuvent varier. Pas un dispositif m\u00e9dical. Aucune promesse de gu\u00e9rison.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bunjil-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bunjil-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard n'est <strong>pas un dispositif m\u00e9dical<\/strong> et ne remplace pas un traitement m\u00e9dical ou psychoth\u00e9rapeutique. Les contenus relevant des sciences des religions constituent une mise en contexte culturelle et historique, non une recommandation de pratique spirituelle.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2869,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Bunjil Aboriginal Kulin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Bunjil \u2013 cr\u00e9ateur-aigle Aboriginal, mythe et sources","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Bunjil est le cr\u00e9ateur-aigle des tribus Kulin \u00e0 Victoria. Analyse en sciences des religions : mythe, culte et sources.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"aboriginal","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"class_list":["post-10568","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goetter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bunjil \u2013 cr\u00e9ateur-aigle Aboriginal, mythe et sources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bunjil est le cr\u00e9ateur-aigle des tribus Kulin \u00e0 Victoria. 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