{"id":10550,"date":"2026-04-27T10:38:44","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:38:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/bokor-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T14:41:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:41:18","slug":"bokor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/bokor\/","title":{"rendered":"Bokor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10550\" class=\"elementor elementor-10550 elementor-2173 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor, esprit de la tradition ha\u00eftienne<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bokor est un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre sans corps auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprit<\/span> de la tradition ha\u00eftienne.<\/p><p><strong>Ma\u00eetre de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuli\u00e8res.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> noire, ma\u00eetre des zombis et des mal\u00e9dictions.<\/strong> Le Bokor est le contrepoint du <em>Houngan<\/em> (le bon pr\u00eatre vodou). Tandis que le Houngan sert les Loa et soigne la communaut\u00e9, le Bokor se sert lui-m\u00eame et des forces obscures.<\/p><p>Son savoir est r\u00e9el et redout\u00e9 : poisons, rituels de d\u00e9racinement, zombification, envo\u00fbtements mal\u00e9fiques. Le Bokor n&rsquo;est pas surnaturel ; c&rsquo;est un \u00eatre humain qui met son talent pour la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuli\u00e8res.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> et la manipulation au service du mal.<\/p><p>Le Bokor est le mage vodou des t\u00e9n\u00e8bres d&rsquo;Ha\u00efti, qui pratique l&rsquo;envo\u00fbtement mal\u00e9fique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esprit : entit\u00e9 incorporelle ou semi-corporelle, d\u00e9funt, \u00eatre de la nature, esprit domestique ou gardien des seuils. Agit dans la vie quotidienne, souvent li\u00e9 \u00e0 des lieux ou \u00e0 des familles.\">Esprit<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/vodou\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradition vodou ha\u00eftiano-ouest-africaine avec les \u00eatres Lwa, venue religieusement d'Afrique de l'Ouest vers les Cara\u00efbes.\">Vodou<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-131124\" alt=\"Bokor - illustration d&apos;une pratique de bokor dans un style historique, mus\u00e9al et documentaire\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/praktiken_bokor.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En un coup d'\u0153il : Bokor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> Pratique vodou : pr\u00eatre vodou de magie noire (pendant du Houngan)<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L'ensemble des dieux d'une religion ou d'une culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panth\u00e9on<\/span> : Vodou (Ha\u00efti), praticien, pas un \u00eatre<br>Fonction : pratique de magie noire, cr\u00e9ation de zombis, liens ma\u00eetre-esclave<br>Attributs principaux : v\u00eatements noir et rouge, sachets ouanga, poup\u00e9es d&rsquo;argile, rites obscurs<br>Lieux de culte principaux : aucun officiel, installations secr\u00e8tes similaires aux Hounfor<br>Distinction : Houngan (pratique lumineuse) vs. Bokor (pratique obscure)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9riode des textes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La tradition Bokor se d\u00e9veloppe dans le Saint-Domingue colonial parall\u00e8lement au sacerdoce vodou orthodoxe. Pratique vodou cat\u00e9goriquement obscure et de magie noire, le Bokor \u00ab travaille des deux mains \u00bb. L&rsquo;apog\u00e9e de la perception ethnographique se situe aux XIXe\u2013XXe si\u00e8cles ; <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985) de Wade Davis a introduit le Bokor dans la conscience occidentale. Encore pr\u00e9sent aujourd&rsquo;hui dans les r\u00e9gions rurales ha\u00eftiennes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aire de diffusion<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>R\u00e9pandu surtout dans les r\u00e9gions rurales ha\u00eftiennes. \u00c0 Port-au-Prince, la tradition est rel\u00e9gu\u00e9e en marge depuis le XXe si\u00e8cle. Dans la diaspora ha\u00eftienne (La Nouvelle-Orl\u00e9ans, Miami, Br\u00e9sil-Quimbanda), rare et discret. Aucun Bokor n&rsquo;entretient de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9difice consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la v\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'une ou plusieurs divinit\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> public ; la pratique est clandestine et s&rsquo;exerce en priv\u00e9 ou dans des installations secr\u00e8tes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tat des sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Sources principales : <em>Divine Horsemen<\/em> de Maya Deren (1953, br\u00e8ve mention), <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> de Wade Davis (1985, ethnographie controvers\u00e9e du Bokor), l&rsquo;\u00e9tude acad\u00e9mique de suivi de Davis <em>Passage of Darkness<\/em> (1988). Sur le plan de l&rsquo;histoire des religions : Hurbon, <em>Voodoo: Search for the Spirit<\/em> ; M\u00e9traux, <em>Le Vaudou ha\u00eftien<\/em>. R\u00e9flexion critique : McAlister, <em>Rara!<\/em> ; Ramsey, <em>The Spirits and the Law<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom et variantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans la litt\u00e9rature apparaissent \u00e9galement des graphies telles que Bok\u00f2, Bocor ou Bokonon, cette derni\u00e8re forme d\u00e9signant aussi le devin Fa au B\u00e9nin. Wade Davis d\u00e9crit le Bokor dans ses recherches sur la zombification comme un sp\u00e9cialiste qui agit en dehors de la hi\u00e9rarchie r\u00e9guli\u00e8re des temples et qui est notamment associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes telles que les Bizango. Des d\u00e9signations de r\u00f4les apparent\u00e9es pour des experts rituels ambivalents se retrouvent dans de nombreuses traditions afro-carib\u00e9ennes, comme l&rsquo;homme Obeah des Cara\u00efbes anglophones.<\/p><p>Le mot Bokor (cr\u00e9ole b\u00f2k\u00f2) d\u00e9signe dans le vodou ha\u00eftien un mage qui, selon l&rsquo;expression courante, \u00ab travaille des deux mains \u00bb, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire offre \u00e0 la fois des services curatifs et nuisibles. Le terme est fr\u00e9quemment rattach\u00e9 \u00e0 des racines ouest-africaines, notamment \u00e0 des d\u00e9signations de devins et de sp\u00e9cialistes rituels dans la langue fon du Dahomey. Dans l&rsquo;usage courant, il se distingue du Houngan, le pr\u00eatre vodou ordinaire, m\u00eame si les fronti\u00e8res peuvent \u00eatre poreuses dans la pratique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le Bokor (cr\u00e9ole ha\u00eftien <em>bok\u00f2<\/em>) est dans le vodou ha\u00eftien le praticien de la \u00ab Main gauche \u00bb, le mage noir, par opposition au l\u00e9gitime Houngan\/Manbo de la tradition Rada (magie blanche). Les Bokors travaillent avec la ligne <em>Petro<\/em> des Loa agressifs et avec les esprits des morts.<\/p><p>Leur pratique comprend la sorcellerie (<em>maji<\/em>), les envo\u00fbtements mal\u00e9fiques (<em>wanga<\/em>), la cr\u00e9ation de zombis et la liaison des <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00eatre sans corps auquel on attribue une action dans le monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">esprits<\/span>. Ils op\u00e8rent en marge de la communaut\u00e9 vodou orthodoxe et sont m\u00e9pris\u00e9s mais redout\u00e9s par les Houngan et Manbo (cf. M\u00e9traux, <em>Voodoo in Haiti<\/em> ; Hurbon, <em>Voodoo: Search for the Spirit<\/em> ; Davis, <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil : Bokor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les aspects les plus importants de la pratique du Bokor en un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il. Les champs suivants r\u00e9sument la tradition, la fonction, l&rsquo;apparence, la pratique, les symboles et les parall\u00e8les.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origine du Bokor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le Bokor se tient dans la tradition vodou comme le reflet obscur du <em>Houngan<\/em> (pr\u00eatre vodou orthodoxe). Tandis que le Houngan aide des deux mains, le Bokor \u00ab travaille des deux mains \u00bb y compris de la main sombre, qui peut nuire \u00e0 autrui par la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuli\u00e8res.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span>.<\/p><p>La formation se fait traditionnellement par <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Admission rituelle dans un ordre religieux ou \u00e9sot\u00e9rique ; souvent associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une mort et une renaissance symboliques.\">initiation<\/span> aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un Bokor plus \u00e2g\u00e9 ; le savoir est transmis dans le plus grand secret. Les Bokors se situent en dehors de la hi\u00e9rarchie vodou orthodoxe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Public du Bokor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fonctions : nuisance magique noire envers des ennemis sur commande d&rsquo;un client, cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un <em>zombi<\/em> \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un d\u00e9funt r\u00e9cent, lien forc\u00e9 d&rsquo;une personne dans une obligation amoureuse ou de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 contre sa volont\u00e9, gu\u00e9rison dans des cas extr\u00eames (l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les Houngans n&rsquo;aident pas). \u00c9galement protection pour ceux qui \u00ab s&rsquo;approvisionnent \u00bb aupr\u00e8s du Bokor. \u00c9thiquement condamn\u00e9 par la communaut\u00e9 vodou orthodoxe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apparence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les Bokors sont des praticiens humains, sans forme iconographique d\u00e9finie. Traditionnellement, ils portent du noir ou du noir et rouge, parfois avec des insignes cr\u00e9oles (os, cr\u00e2nes, sachets de terre de cimeti\u00e8re). Outils : <em>ouanga<\/em> (sachets magiques contenant herbes, terres, parties du corps), poup\u00e9es d&rsquo;argile, terre de cimeti\u00e8re, cr\u00e2nes, feuilles de tabac, bougies noires et rouges. Les rites se d\u00e9roulent traditionnellement la nuit, souvent \u00e0 des carrefours ou dans des cimeti\u00e8res.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Domaine d'action<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Domaine d&rsquo;action :<\/strong> La pratique du Bokor est redout\u00e9e dans les communaut\u00e9s rurales ha\u00eftiennes. Qui se sent l\u00e9s\u00e9 \u2013 maladie, dispute familiale, malchance commerciale, fian\u00e7ailles non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es \u2013 soup\u00e7onne parfois qu&rsquo;un Bokor travaille contre lui.<\/p><p>La protection passe par une consultation aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un Houngan et par la contre-magie. Les rites du Bokor sont ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s en secret ; ses clients paient souvent de grosses sommes d&rsquo;argent. Dans le Ha\u00efti moderne, il est difficile de distinguer pr\u00e9jug\u00e9, pratique r\u00e9elle et formation du <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un r\u00e9cit transmis sur les dieux, les origines et l'ordre du monde.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythe<\/span> urbain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formes de d\u00e9fense<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ouanga (sachets magiques), poup\u00e9es d&rsquo;argile, terre de cimeti\u00e8re, bougies noires et rouges, cr\u00e2nes et os, miroirs, herbes (Datura, stramoine, belladone), poudres (Davis : contenant de la t\u00e9trodotoxine pour la cr\u00e9ation de zombis). Animaux sacr\u00e9s : coq noir, chien noir. Plantes sacr\u00e9es : Datura, belladone, stramoine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Houngan<\/em> (Vodou, contrepole orthodoxe), <em>Mambo<\/em> (pr\u00eatresse vodou orthodoxe f\u00e9minine). Parall\u00e8les mondiaux de praticiens de magie noire : <em>Hexer<\/em> (tradition populaire germanique), <em>Brujo<\/em> (latino-am\u00e9ricain), <em>Kahuna ana&rsquo;ana<\/em> (hawa\u00efen, Kahuna de mort), <em>Tantrika de la tradition Aghori<\/em> (hindouisme, non directement comparable, mais structurellement ambivalent), <em>asipu de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuli\u00e8res.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> noire<\/em> (M\u00e9sopotamie).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9fense pratique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Rituels apotropa\u00efques contre les envo\u00fbtements du Bokor<\/h3><p>La protection contre les mal\u00e9fices du Bokor passe par des invocations purificatrices des Loa Rada, notamment Damballah et Erzulie Freda. Les Houngans effectuent des rituels de purification (<em>laver t\u00e8t<\/em>, \u00ab lavage de t\u00eate \u00bb) avec des d\u00e9coctions d&rsquo;herbes et des invocations. Les bains de protection aux p\u00e9tales blancs (jasmin, oranger) et \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau de Cologne sont une pratique courante. En cas d&rsquo;urgence, un Houngan exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 est consult\u00e9 pour un contre-envo\u00fbtement contre le Bokor (cf. Deren, <em>Divine Horsemen<\/em>).<\/p><h3>Conjurations et formules de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Exclusion magique ou eccl\u00e9siastique ; \u00e9galement le fait de lier un pouvoir par une formule.\" tabindex=\"0\">bannissement<\/span><\/h3><p>Les conjurations anti-Bokor invoquent les Loa lumineux de la tradition Rada : \u00ab Ayibobo \u00bb comme cri de gu\u00e9rison, \u00ab Damballah W\u00e8do \u00bb comme protection du dieu-serpent. Des chants de purification cr\u00e9oles (<em>chants d\u00e9sorcelants<\/em>) sont r\u00e9cit\u00e9s pendant les bains de purification.<\/p><h3>Amulettes et symboles de protection<\/h3><p>Des amulettes de protection (<em>pak\u00e8t kongo<\/em>), petits paquets de tissu contenant herbes m\u00e9dicinales, pierres pr\u00e9cieuses et pri\u00e8res inscrites, sont port\u00e9s comme protection contre les envo\u00fbtements du Bokor. Les diagrammes V\u00e8v\u00e8 des Loa protecteurs (Damballah, Erzulie Freda, Loko) sont plac\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lieu \u00e9lev\u00e9 ou table destin\u00e9s aux offrandes et aux actes religieux.\" tabindex=\"0\">autel<\/span> domestique. Des bougies blanches sont allum\u00e9es en l&rsquo;honneur des Loa Rada. Des bains de purification anti-wanga au sel et \u00e0 neuf gouttes d&rsquo;huile de lavande constituent une routine hebdomadaire dans les foyers menac\u00e9s par le Bokor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bokor, parall\u00e8les dans d'autres cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Racines ouest-africaines et congolaises<\/h3><p>Le Bokor s&rsquo;inscrit dans la tradition des mages de la \u00ab Main gauche \u00bb d&rsquo;Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest, notamment la scission yoruba des <em>babalawo bibalawe<\/em> et les <em>nganga ya kindoki<\/em> congolais (sorciers-docteurs). Dans la tradition Bambara du Mali, on conna\u00eet le <em>soma<\/em> comme lanceur de mal\u00e9fices. La tradition ha\u00eftienne du Bokor combine surtout des concepts de mal\u00e9fices ouest-africains avec la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuli\u00e8res.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> congolaise des morts (cf. MacGaffey, <em>Religion and Society in Central Africa<\/em>).<\/p><h3>Pendants carib\u00e9ens<\/h3><p>Des figures de mages noirs apparent\u00e9es existent dans l&rsquo;homme Obeah jama\u00efcain, dans le <em>palero<\/em> cubain (praticien du Palo Mayombe), dans le spiritualiste trinidadien et dans le Hoodoo du sud des \u00c9tats-Unis. La diaspora esclave a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une tradition de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuli\u00e8res.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> cr\u00e9olo-ouest-africaine dont les composantes de magie noire sont structur\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on similaire partout.<\/p><h3>R\u00e9ception moderne<\/h3><p>Le Bokor a \u00e9t\u00e9 st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9 dans la tradition hollywoodienne nord-am\u00e9ricaine (William Seabrook, Victor Halperin, Wes Craven) en \u00ab pr\u00eatre vaudou \u00bb arch\u00e9typal des films d&rsquo;horreur, une d\u00e9formation radicale de la pratique ha\u00eftienne diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e. <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> de Wes Craven (1988, bas\u00e9 sur le livre de Davis) aborde la transformation du Bokor en zombi. La recherche en sciences des religions (Hurbon, McAlister) corrige continuellement ces st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbc822a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbc822a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp084b49d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp084b49d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Place dans le vodou ha\u00eftien<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2898e8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2898e8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5ed1b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa5ed1b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le Bokor est une d\u00e9signation de r\u00f4le au sein du vodou ha\u00eftien et d\u00e9signe un sp\u00e9cialiste qui manie les deux faces de la force rituelle, tant la curative que la nuisible.<\/p><p>Il se distingue ainsi du Houngan et de la Mambo, pr\u00eatres et pr\u00eatresses dont l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 est principalement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la gu\u00e9rison, \u00e0 la protection et au service des esprits, les Lwa. Selon l&rsquo;expression populaire, le Bokor sert des deux mains.<\/p><p>Cette double nature ne doit pas \u00eatre comprise comme une simple m\u00e9chancet\u00e9. La litt\u00e9rature ethnologique souligne que la fronti\u00e8re entre Houngan et Bokor peut \u00eatre poreuse dans la pratique et d\u00e9pend fortement du contexte social et de la r\u00e9putation de chacun. Certains pr\u00eatres sont d\u00e9sign\u00e9s comme l&rsquo;un ou l&rsquo;autre selon la situation et l&rsquo;interlocuteur.<\/p><p>Le Bokor est inscrit dans un syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;obligations, de lign\u00e9es familiales et de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s religieuses. Son pouvoir est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme acquis et transmis, non comme librement disponible.<\/p><p>La recherche scientifique classe donc cette figure dans l&rsquo;ensemble plus vaste du vodou, qui est n\u00e9 de composantes ouest-africaines, centro-africaines et catholiques dans les conditions de l&rsquo;esclavage aux Cara\u00efbes. Des d\u00e9veloppements compl\u00e9mentaires se trouvent dans la pr\u00e9sentation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du <a href=\"\/fr\/vodou\/\">Vodou<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7f4e55d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7f4e55d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb35d48c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb35d48c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le Bokor dans la tradition du Zombi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4ffbf07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4ffbf07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa3a7b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa3a7b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le Bokor a acquis une notori\u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son lien avec la repr\u00e9sentation du <a href=\"\/fr\/zombi\/\">Zombi<\/a>. Dans la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> ha\u00eftienne, le Bokor est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la figure capable de soustraire \u00e0 un \u00eatre humain son \u00e2me ou une partie de celle-ci, le plongeant ainsi dans un \u00e9tat de volont\u00e9 nulle. Le zombi ainsi cr\u00e9\u00e9 serait alors au service du Bokor pour le travail ou d&rsquo;autres fins.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>L&rsquo;ethnobotaniste Wade Davis a avanc\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, dans les ouvrages <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em> (1985) et <em>Passage of Darkness<\/em> (1988), la th\u00e8se selon laquelle des substances pharmacologiquement actives joueraient un r\u00f4le dans la zombification, notamment un neurotoxique issu de poissons-globes.<\/span><\/p><p>Cette th\u00e8se a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9battue de fa\u00e7on controvers\u00e9e en toxicologie et en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Science qui \u00e9tudie de fa\u00e7on comparative les cultures et les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">ethnologie<\/span>, et critiqu\u00e9e sur plusieurs points. Il est incontest\u00e9 que la repr\u00e9sentation du zombi en Ha\u00efti est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e au r\u00f4le social du Bokor.<\/p><p>Important pour la mise en contexte : dans la perception ha\u00eftienne, ce n&rsquo;est pas le zombi lui-m\u00eame qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le plus terrifiant, mais l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00eatre transform\u00e9 en zombi.<\/p><p>Le Bokor incarne ainsi une menace per\u00e7ue comme r\u00e9elle, de nature sociale \u2013 par exemple comme instance de sanction ou comme surface de projection de conflits. iWell Guard d\u00e9crit ces repr\u00e9sentations comme une <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits \u00e0 travers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> culturelle et non comme des processus scientifiquement \u00e9tablis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf758ebb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf758ebb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcf38748 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpcf38748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perception ext\u00e9rieure et histoire de la recherche<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7ebe45a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7ebe45a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee56a8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpee56a8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>La figure du Bokor a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;opinion publique occidentale par des repr\u00e9sentations d\u00e9formantes. Les r\u00e9cits de voyage, la litt\u00e9rature \u00e0 sensation et le cin\u00e9ma des premi\u00e8res heures, notamment <em>White Zombie<\/em> (1932), ont dress\u00e9 un tableau de sombre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pratiques visant \u00e0 intervenir dans le cours des choses par des actes ou des formules particuli\u00e8res.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> noire \u00e9troitement li\u00e9 aux st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes coloniaux et racistes sur Ha\u00efti.<\/span><\/p><p>Cette perception ext\u00e9rieure en dit plus sur les projections des observateurs que sur la pratique religieuse elle-m\u00eame.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>La recherche ethnologique du XXe si\u00e8cle s&rsquo;est attach\u00e9e \u00e0 des descriptions plus nuanc\u00e9es. Les travaux d&rsquo;auteurs et d&rsquo;autrices tels que Zora Neale Hurston, Alfred M\u00e9traux avec <em>Le Vaudou ha\u00eftien<\/em> (1958) et Maya Deren ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter le vodou comme un syst\u00e8me religieux complexe dans lequel le Bokor est l&rsquo;un des plusieurs r\u00f4les de sp\u00e9cialiste.<\/span><\/p><p>Des \u00e9tudes ult\u00e9rieures ont en outre soulign\u00e9 l&rsquo;importance des contextes locaux et la diversit\u00e9 des pratiques.<\/p><p>Dans les <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La science qui \u00e9tudie les religions de fa\u00e7on comparative et sans engagement confessionnel.\" tabindex=\"0\">sciences des religions<\/span> actuelles, le Bokor est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un exemple de l&rsquo;ambivalence du pouvoir rituel, telle qu&rsquo;on la rencontre dans de nombreuses religions. Gu\u00e9rir et nuire y sont souvent per\u00e7us comme les deux faces d&rsquo;une m\u00eame capacit\u00e9. Ceux qui s&rsquo;int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 des sp\u00e9cialistes apparent\u00e9s et \u00e0 des \u00eatres spirituels trouveront des points de connexion dans les articles consacr\u00e9s aux <a href=\"\/fr\/lwa\/\">Lwa<\/a> et \u00e0 la figure du <a href=\"\/fr\/zombi\/\">Zombi<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liens compl\u00e9mentaires<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/fr\/zombi\/\">Zombi, produit principal du Bokor<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/baron-samedi\/\">Baron Samedi, Loa des morts, sans la permission duquel aucun zombi n&rsquo;est possible<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/sort-vaudou\/\">Envo\u00fbtement vaudou, autre terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/vodou\/\">Vodou, vue d&rsquo;ensemble du panth\u00e9on<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliographie (s\u00e9lection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Davis, Wade : <em>Passage of Darkness. The Ethnobiology of the Haitian Zombie<\/em>. Chapel Hill 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Davis, Wade : <em>The Serpent and the Rainbow<\/em>. New York 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>McAlister, Elizabeth : <em>Rara! Vodou, Power, and Performance in Haiti<\/em>. Berkeley 2002.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ramsey, Kate : <em>The Spirits and the Law. Vodou and Power in Haiti<\/em>. Chicago 2011.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Autres ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans la <a href=\"\/fr\/bibliographie\/\">bibliographie<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1759,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Bokor Vodou","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Bokor \u2013 Le mage vodou noir d'Ha\u00efti et ses mal\u00e9fices","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mage noir, cr\u00e9ateur de zombis et de mal\u00e9dictions : le contrepoint du bon Houngan dans la tradition vodou ha\u00eftienne. Mythe, r\u00f4le et perception.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"vodou","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[29,25,64],"class_list":["post-10550","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geister","category-kulturen","category-vodou"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bokor \u2013 Le mage vodou noir d&#039;Ha\u00efti et ses mal\u00e9fices<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mage noir, cr\u00e9ateur de zombis et de mal\u00e9dictions : le contrepoint du bon Houngan dans la tradition vodou ha\u00eftienne. 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