{"id":10391,"date":"2026-04-21T09:29:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T09:29:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=10391"},"modified":"2026-06-16T08:05:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:05:10","slug":"azazel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fr\/azazel\/","title":{"rendered":"azazel"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10391\" class=\"elementor elementor-10391 elementor-853\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Azazel, d\u00e9mon de la tradition juive<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Azazel est un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00catre spirituel auquel on attribue une influence nuisible ou ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> de la tradition juive.<\/p><p>D\u00e9mon du d\u00e9sert li\u00e9 au bouc \u00e9missaire, ange d\u00e9chu de la tradition h\u00e9nochique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9mon : \u00eatre surnaturel \u00e0 l'effet le plus souvent nuisible ou ambivalent. Il se situe entre les dieux et les hommes, provoque maladie, tentation ou malheur, et est \u00e9cart\u00e9 par des conjurations, des apotropa\u00efques et des rituels.\">D\u00e9mon<\/span><a href=\"\/fr\/judaisme\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tradition de foi juive du Tanakh jusqu'\u00e0 la Kabbale et \u00e0 la mystique des temps modernes.\">Juda\u00efsme<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_azazel-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10394\" alt=\"Azazel - D\u00e9mons de la tradition Juda\u00efsme, historique et illustratif\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_azazel-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_azazel-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_azazel-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_azazel.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Azazel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Azazel est l&rsquo;une des figures les plus int\u00e9ressantes sur le plan th\u00e9ologique dans la d\u00e9monologie juive. Dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> biblique du Jour des Expiations (L\u00e9v 16), un bouc est envoy\u00e9 chaque ann\u00e9e \u00ab pour Azazel \u00bb dans le d\u00e9sert, portant ainsi les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s du peuple.<\/p><p>Ce qui, dans le passage biblique, n&rsquo;est peut-\u00eatre qu&rsquo;une r\u00e9gion d\u00e9sertique locale ou une force contraire sans nom, devient dans la litt\u00e9rature du Second <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9difice consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la v\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'une ou plusieurs divinit\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">Temple<\/span> une figure \u00e9labor\u00e9e : Azazel comme ange d\u00e9chu, ma\u00eetre des arts interdits, chef des Veilleurs p\u00e9cheurs.<\/p><p>Le texte central pour ce d\u00e9veloppement est le Livre \u00e9thiopien d&rsquo;H\u00e9noch (1 H\u00e9noch), notamment le Livre des Veilleurs. Azazel enseigne aux hommes la forge des armes, le maquillage, la parure \u2013 autant d&rsquo;arts que l&rsquo;apocalyptique consid\u00e8re comme sources de corruption de l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9.<\/p><p>En guise de ch\u00e2timent, il est encha\u00een\u00e9 par les archanges dans une caverne du d\u00e9sert, o\u00f9 il doit attendre la fin des temps. Sa r\u00e9ception s&rsquo;\u00e9tend de la litt\u00e9rature rabbinique aux d\u00e9buts du christianisme jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique d\u00e9signant les enseignements qui revendiquent un savoir cach\u00e9 accessible aux seuls initi\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e9sot\u00e9risme<\/span> moderne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Azazel en un coup d'\u0153il<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> D\u00e9mon du d\u00e9sert, ange d\u00e9chu, destinataire du bouc \u00e9missaire<br>Origine : Figure d\u00e9sertique biblique (L\u00e9v 16), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on apocalyptique en chef des anges Veilleurs<br>Textes : L\u00e9v 16 ; 1 H\u00e9noch (Livre des Veilleurs) ; litt\u00e9rature rabbinique ; Pirq\u00e9 de-Rabbi \u00c9li\u00e9zer<br>P\u00e9riode : De l&rsquo;\u00e8re pr\u00e9exilique \u00e0 nos jours<br>Diffusion : Palestine, diaspora juive, r\u00e9ception chr\u00e9tienne<br>Fonction : Destinataire du transfert rituel des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s ; ma\u00eetre des arts interdits ; figure d&rsquo;adversaire cosmique<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e9riode des textes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le passage biblique L\u00e9v 16 est issu du Code sacerdotal (fin de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque pr\u00e9exilique). Le Livre \u00e9thiopien d&rsquo;H\u00e9noch (notamment le Livre des Veilleurs, IIIe\u2013IIe s. av. J.-C.) d\u00e9veloppe le r\u00e9cit des Veilleurs. Les Pirq\u00e9 de-Rabbi \u00c9li\u00e9zer (VIIIe\u2013IXe s.) et la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Courant de la mystique juive dont les \u0153uvres majeures sont le Sefer Yetzirah et le Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbale<\/span> ult\u00e9rieure prolongent cette repr\u00e9sentation. La r\u00e9ception moderne s&rsquo;\u00e9tend de la litt\u00e9rature scientifique aux genres fantastiques et horrifiques.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aire de diffusion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Espace central : Palestine ; le Livre d&rsquo;H\u00e9noch est conserv\u00e9 comme <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Appartenant au corpus des \u00e9crits reconnus comme normatifs par une religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">canonique<\/span> dans l&rsquo;\u00c9glise orthodoxe \u00e9thiopienne. R\u00e9ception juive dans la litt\u00e9rature rabbinique et la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Courant de la mystique juive dont les \u0153uvres majeures sont le Sefer Yetzirah et le Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbale<\/span>. R\u00e9ception chr\u00e9tienne dans la patristique (Orig\u00e8ne, Tertullien) et la d\u00e9monologie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale. Dans la tradition islamique, des points de contact existent \u00e0 travers Iblis et Harut\/Marut.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tat des sources<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Biblique : L\u00e9v 16,8.26 (quatre occurrences). Apocalyptique : 1 H\u00e9noch chap. 6, 16, 54, 88 et autres ; Apocalypse d&rsquo;Abraham. Rabbinique : <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0152uvre ma\u00eetresse du juda\u00efsme rabbinique, commentant la tradition religieuse transmise.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> (Yoma), Pirq\u00e9 de-Rabbi \u00c9li\u00e9zer. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Courant de la mystique juive dont les \u0153uvres majeures sont le Sefer Yetzirah et le Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbale<\/span> : Zohar, Sefer Raziel. Chr\u00e9tien : citations patristiques, Testament de Salomon. Les traditions \u00e9sot\u00e9riques modernes s&rsquo;appuient sur ces sources.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>H\u00e9breu :<\/strong> <em>Asasel<\/em> \/ <em>Azazel<\/em> (\u05e2\u05b2\u05d6\u05b8\u05d0\u05d6\u05b5\u05dc).<br>\u00c9tymologie : Contest\u00e9e, \u00ab courrouc\u00e9 contre Dieu \u00bb, \u00ab dur (<em>az<\/em>) de Dieu (<em>El<\/em>) \u00bb, nom de lieu, ou nom d&rsquo;un esprit du d\u00e9sert.<br>Autres formes : Aza\u00ebl (forme abr\u00e9g\u00e9e), dans 1 H\u00e9noch aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d&rsquo;autres anges Veilleurs.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;incertitude de l&rsquo;\u00e9tymologie est th\u00e9ologiquement significative. Les traditions de traduction juives ont longtemps diverg\u00e9 sur la question de savoir si Azazel est un nom propre, un nom de lieu ou un terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique. La Vulgate traduit par <em>caper emissarius<\/em>, \u00ab bouc renvoy\u00e9 \u00bb, d&rsquo;o\u00f9 proviennent l&rsquo;anglais \u00ab scapegoat \u00bb et l&rsquo;expression fran\u00e7aise \u00ab bouc \u00e9missaire \u00bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apparence<\/strong><\/p><p>Non d\u00e9crite dans le texte biblique. Dans 1 H\u00e9noch et les traditions ult\u00e9rieures, il est con\u00e7u comme un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans les religions abrahamiques, un messager c\u00e9leste de Dieu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ange<\/span> (d\u00e9chu), sans <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Discipline \u00e9tudiant le contenu des images et leur signification.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconographie<\/span> unifi\u00e9e. Dans la d\u00e9monologie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, il est parfois repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 avec des traits de bouc, par association avec le bouc \u00e9missaire.<\/p><p><strong>Comportement<\/strong><\/p><p>Dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> biblique, il est passif : il re\u00e7oit le bouc charg\u00e9 des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s. Dans la tradition apocalyptique, il est actif : il enseigne les arts interdits (forge des armes, cosm\u00e9tique, luxe), s\u00e9duisant ainsi les hommes et portant une part de responsabilit\u00e9 dans le mal ant\u00e9diluvien.<\/p><p><strong>Domaine d&rsquo;action<\/strong><\/p><p>Le d\u00e9sert, son espace de r\u00e9ception biblique, demeure jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 aujourd&rsquo;hui son territoire. Dans la Kabbale, le d\u00e9sert devient la <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>, \u00ab l&rsquo;autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 \u00bb, dont Azazel est l&rsquo;un des principaux repr\u00e9sentants.<\/p><p><strong>Origine mythologique<\/strong><\/p><p>Dans 1 H\u00e9noch, il est le chef d&rsquo;un groupe de Veilleurs qui descendirent sur terre et s&rsquo;unirent aux filles des hommes. Le ch\u00e2timent : \u00eatre encha\u00een\u00e9 dans une caverne du d\u00e9sert jusqu&rsquo;au Jugement. Ce r\u00e9cit constitue le mod\u00e8le de \u00ab l&rsquo;ange d\u00e9chu \u00bb des traditions abrahamiques.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil : Azazel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les aspects essentiels d&rsquo;Azazel en un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il. Les d\u00e9veloppements relatifs au nom, \u00e0 la description, \u00e0 la fonction et aux parall\u00e8les se trouvent dans les sections suivantes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origine<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Biblique : figure d\u00e9sertique lors du <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> du Jour des Expiations. Apocalyptique : ange Veilleur d\u00e9chu. Kabbalistique : repr\u00e9sentant de la Sitra Achra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En rapport avec<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une action religieuse fixe et r\u00e9currente.\" tabindex=\"0\">rite<\/span> biblique, il re\u00e7oit le fardeau des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s. Dans la tradition h\u00e9nochique : l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9, \u00e0 laquelle il enseigne les arts interdits. Aujourd&rsquo;hui : m\u00e9taphoriquement, la communaut\u00e9 qui externalise sa culpabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forme<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aucune <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Discipline \u00e9tudiant le contenu des images et leur signification.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconographie<\/span> fixe. Dans la d\u00e9monologie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, il pr\u00e9sente parfois des traits de bouc ; dans les descriptions apocalyptiques, il appara\u00eet comme un ange d\u00e9chu aux ailes immenses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Domaine d'action<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bibliquement passif : il emporte les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s dans le d\u00e9sert. Apocalyptiquement actif : il incite \u00e0 la violence arm\u00e9e, \u00e0 la cosm\u00e9tique, \u00e0 la cupidit\u00e9. Kabbalistiquement : il concentre la n\u00e9gativit\u00e9 cosmique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une action religieuse fixe et r\u00e9currente.\" tabindex=\"0\">rite<\/span> biblique, la \u00ab mise \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cart \u00bb fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 partie int\u00e9grante du rituel : le bouc part dans le d\u00e9sert, la communaut\u00e9 est purifi\u00e9e. Dans le r\u00e9cit apocalyptique, les archanges Rapha\u00ebl et Michel encha\u00eenent Azazel dans une caverne du d\u00e9sert.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les d'Azazel<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Apophis (adversaire cosmique), Satan\/Lucifer (anges d\u00e9chus dans la r\u00e9interpr\u00e9tation chr\u00e9tienne), Ahriman (zoroastrien), Iblis (islamique), Harut et Marut (parall\u00e8le coranique).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rite et r\u00f4le cosmique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> du Jour des Expiations<\/strong><\/p><p>Chaque ann\u00e9e, \u00e0 Yom Kippour, deux boucs sont d\u00e9sign\u00e9s par tirage au sort dans le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9difice consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la v\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'une ou plusieurs divinit\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">Temple<\/span> de J\u00e9rusalem : l&rsquo;un est sacrifi\u00e9 \u00e0 Dieu, l&rsquo;autre est envoy\u00e9 \u00ab pour Azazel \u00bb dans le d\u00e9sert.<\/p><p>Le grand pr\u00eatre d\u00e9pose les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl sur le second bouc ; une personne d\u00e9sign\u00e9e le conduit jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 une contr\u00e9e inhabit\u00e9e et l&rsquo;y lib\u00e8re (plus tard : le pr\u00e9cipite d&rsquo;une falaise pour emp\u00eacher son retour). Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> r\u00e9alise chaque ann\u00e9e une purification collective.<\/p><p><strong>Conjurations et encha\u00eenement<\/strong><\/p><p>Dans la litt\u00e9rature apocalyptique, Azazel n&rsquo;est pas conjur\u00e9, mais encha\u00een\u00e9 par les archanges Rapha\u00ebl et Michel. Le r\u00e9cit h\u00e9nochique pr\u00e9sente cela comme un jugement divin prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin des temps. Certains textes kabbalistiques int\u00e8grent Azazel dans des formules complexes de ligature contre les puissances d\u00e9moniaques.<\/p><p><strong>Amulettes et symboles de protection<\/strong><\/p><p>Il n&rsquo;existe pas d&rsquo;amulettes directement li\u00e9es \u00e0 Azazel. Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> de Yom Kippour constitue la forme majeure de purification rituelle. Les moyens de protection priv\u00e9s (mezouzah, amulettes psalmodiques) agissent de fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, sans s&rsquo;adresser sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e0 Azazel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parall\u00e8les et r\u00e9ception<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Parall\u00e8les zoroastriens et coraniques :<\/strong> Ahriman dans le zoroastrisme est l&rsquo;adversaire cosmique du dieu bon. Iblis dans la tradition islamique refuse de se prosterner devant Adam et devient l&rsquo;adversaire. Harut et Marut du Coran enseignent des arts magiques interdits, parall\u00e8le direct au r\u00e9cit h\u00e9nochique d&rsquo;Azazel.<\/p><p><strong>R\u00e9ception chr\u00e9tienne :<\/strong> Les auteurs patristiques traitent Azazel de fa\u00e7on vari\u00e9e : Orig\u00e8ne l&rsquo;interpr\u00e8te cosmologiquement, Tertullien l&rsquo;identifie \u00e0 Satan. Dans la d\u00e9monologie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, il appara\u00eet dans diverses hi\u00e9rarchies, parfois comme porte-\u00e9tendard de l&rsquo;enfer.<\/p><p><strong>\u00c9poque moderne :<\/strong> Dans l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique d\u00e9signant les enseignements qui revendiquent un savoir cach\u00e9 accessible aux seuls initi\u00e9s.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e9sot\u00e9risme<\/span>, l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9tude des forces cach\u00e9es et des pratiques situ\u00e9es au-del\u00e0 de la science reconnue.\" tabindex=\"0\">occultisme<\/span> et le fantastique, Azazel reste populaire (notamment dans \u00ab Supernatural \u00bb, \u00ab X-Men \u00bb). La notion de bouc \u00e9missaire est un concept central en \u00e9thique, en psychologie sociale (Ren\u00e9 Girard) et en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La discipline scientifique portant sur Dieu et sur la foi d'une religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">th\u00e9ologie<\/span> contemporaine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9bef166 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9bef166\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23f2f38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp23f2f38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Azazel dans le rituel du Jour des Expiations<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4e72819 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4e72819\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpae2aa71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpae2aa71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le nom Azazel est, dans le texte biblique h\u00e9breu, fermement li\u00e9 \u00e0 un seul contexte rituel pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment d\u00e9crit : le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> du Jour des Expiations, du <em>Yom Kippour<\/em>, tel qu&rsquo;il est expos\u00e9 au chapitre 16 du Livre du L\u00e9vitique.<\/p><p>Deux boucs y sont choisis et soumis au tirage au sort. L&rsquo;un, d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par le sort pour le SEIGNEUR, est abattu en sacrifice expiatoire. L&rsquo;autre, selon le texte h\u00e9breu, est d\u00e9sign\u00e9 pour Azazel.<\/p><p>Sur ce second bouc, le grand pr\u00eatre confesse les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s du peuple, les lui impose symboliquement, et le bouc est conduit par un homme dans le d\u00e9sert, o\u00f9 il est lib\u00e9r\u00e9 ou, selon l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation ult\u00e9rieure, pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 dans un lieu inaccessible.<\/p><p>C&rsquo;est de cette pratique que provient l&rsquo;expression fran\u00e7aise bouc \u00e9missaire, parvenue dans de nombreuses langues europ\u00e9ennes par le biais des traductions latine et grecque de la Bible.<\/p><p>La signification d&rsquo;<em>Azazel<\/em> est contest\u00e9e depuis l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poque de la culture grecque et romaine, environ 800 av. J.-C. \u00e0 600 apr. J.-C.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiquit\u00e9<\/span>. Trois interpr\u00e9tations principales coexistent. La premi\u00e8re comprend le mot comme un toponyme, d\u00e9signant par exemple un rocher abrupt dans le d\u00e9sert. La seconde l&rsquo;interpr\u00e8te comme une expression abstraite, signifiant quelque chose comme \u00e9loignement total ou renforcement de l&rsquo;acte de renvoi.<\/p><p>La troisi\u00e8me interpr\u00e9tation, r\u00e9pandue dans la recherche, comprend Azazel comme le nom propre d&rsquo;un d\u00e9mon ou d&rsquo;un \u00eatre du d\u00e9sert auquel le bouc est symboliquement remis. En faveur de cette lecture plaide la construction parall\u00e8le : un sort pour le SEIGNEUR, un sort pour Azazel.<\/p><p>Il importe de noter que le texte biblique ne pr\u00e9sente pas Azazel comme une puissance v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e. Le bouc n&rsquo;est pas sacrifi\u00e9 \u00e0 Azazel ; il est envoy\u00e9 dans son domaine \u2013 le d\u00e9sert inhabitable \u2013 afin d&#8217;emporter l&rsquo;impuret\u00e9 hors de la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf488e89 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf488e89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0d25b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0d25b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Azazel dans le Livre d'H\u00e9noch et les Veilleurs d\u00e9chus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp88c96a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp88c96a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp35f291a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp35f291a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C&rsquo;est dans la litt\u00e9rature jud\u00e9enne ancienne ext\u00e9rieure au canon biblique, principalement dans le Livre \u00e9thiopien d&rsquo;H\u00e9noch, dont les parties les plus anciennes remontent aux IIIe\u2013IIe si\u00e8cles av. J.-C., qu&rsquo;Azazel prend une forme enti\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rente et bien plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e. Des fragments aram\u00e9ens de cet \u00e9crit ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s parmi les textes de Qumr\u00e2n.<\/p><p>Dans ce que l&rsquo;on appelle le Livre des Veilleurs, Azazel \u2013 parfois orthographi\u00e9 Asa\u00ebl dans ce texte \u2013 est l&rsquo;un des chefs des <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans les religions abrahamiques, un messager c\u00e9leste de Dieu.\" tabindex=\"0\">anges<\/span> d\u00e9chus. Ces Veilleurs descendent du ciel, prennent des femmes humaines et engendrent avec elles des g\u00e9ants.<\/p><p>Une faute particuli\u00e8re est attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 Azazel : il enseigne aux hommes la forge des armes, des \u00e9p\u00e9es et des boucliers, ainsi que la fabrication de bijoux, de cosm\u00e9tiques et de teintures \u2013 autant d&rsquo;arts que le texte associe \u00e0 la violence et \u00e0 la s\u00e9duction.<\/p><p>\u00c0 la suite de ces enseignements interdits, la guerre et la d\u00e9bauche se r\u00e9pandent sur la terre. Dieu ordonne \u00e0 l&rsquo;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans les religions abrahamiques, un messager c\u00e9leste de Dieu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ange<\/span> Rapha\u00ebl de lier Azazel, de le jeter dans une fosse au d\u00e9sert, de la couvrir de pierres tranchantes et de le maintenir dans les t\u00e9n\u00e8bres jusqu&rsquo;au jour du Jugement.<\/p><p>Le texte affirme express\u00e9ment que toute la terre a \u00e9t\u00e9 corrompue par l&rsquo;\u0153uvre d&rsquo;Azazel.<\/p><p>Ce r\u00e9cit associe le nom d&rsquo;Azazel au <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> du vol de connaissance et de la corruption culturelle. La recherche a fait remarquer que l&rsquo;exil d&rsquo;Azazel dans le d\u00e9sert et son encha\u00eenement en un lieu inaccessible font \u00e9cho au <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> du L\u00e9vitique, dans lequel le bouc se rend lui aussi dans le d\u00e9sert vers Azazel.<\/p><p>La question de savoir si le Livre d&rsquo;H\u00e9noch se r\u00e9f\u00e8re d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment au rituel biblique ou refl\u00e8te une tradition ind\u00e9pendante reste d\u00e9battue.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b30a0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0b30a0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5fb808f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5fb808f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interpr\u00e9tations dans les traditions rabbinique, chr\u00e9tienne et gnostique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp49314ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp49314ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c16c8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c16c8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&rsquo;histoire ult\u00e9rieure de l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation a trait\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s diverse le nom \u00e9nigmatique d&rsquo;Azazel. Dans la tradition rabbinique, le terme fut parfois compris g\u00e9ographiquement.<\/p><p>La Mishna dans le trait\u00e9 Yoma d\u00e9crit en d\u00e9tail comment le bouc \u00e9tait conduit, lors du Jour des Expiations, jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 un rocher abrupt dans le d\u00e9sert, puis pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 \u00e0 reculons depuis ce rocher, de sorte qu&rsquo;il se fracassait \u00e0 l&rsquo;impact. Cette pratique pr\u00e9suppose une interpr\u00e9tation d&rsquo;Azazel comme toponyme et \u00e9vite donc d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;un \u00eatre recevant le bouc.<\/p><p>D&rsquo;autres textes juifs, notamment ceux proches de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"La transmission du savoir et des r\u00e9cits de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> h\u00e9nochique et certains passages midrachiques, maintenaient en revanche vivante la repr\u00e9sentation d&rsquo;Azazel comme ange d\u00e9chu. Des commentateurs m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux de la Bible tels qu&rsquo;Ibn Ezra laissaient entendre que le mot rec\u00e8le un sens cach\u00e9 li\u00e9 aux puissances du d\u00e9sert, mais s&rsquo;exprimaient avec retenue.<\/p><p>Dans l&rsquo;ex\u00e9g\u00e8se chr\u00e9tienne ancienne, le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> du L\u00e9vitique fut souvent lu de mani\u00e8re typologique : le bouc abattu et le bouc renvoy\u00e9 \u00e9taient interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s comme figures du Christ, \u00e0 la fois <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Don offert \u00e0 une divinit\u00e9 pour exprimer gratitude, supplication ou v\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifice<\/span> et porteur des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 Azazel \u00e9tait compris comme un \u00eatre, il se rapprochait de la figure du diable.<\/p><p>Dans les courants gnostiques, puis dans les mouvements \u00e9sot\u00e9riques ult\u00e9rieurs, Azazel fut enfin d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en une figure mythique autonome, souvent comme ma\u00eetre d&rsquo;un savoir interdit, dans la lign\u00e9e du Livre d&rsquo;H\u00e9noch.<\/p><p>Cette appropriation tardive est \u00e9loign\u00e9e des maigres donn\u00e9es bibliques et repose sur la tradition h\u00e9nochique et sa red\u00e9couverte moderne. Le constat de l&rsquo;histoire des religions demeure qu&rsquo;Azazel est, en son fond, un chiffre difficile \u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter pour le domaine de l&rsquo;impur situ\u00e9 en dehors de l&rsquo;ordre humain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liens approfondis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liens internes recommand\u00e9s :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/fr\/judaisme\/\">Juda\u00efsme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/lilith\/\">Lilith<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/shedim\/\">Shedim<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/asmodai\/\">Asmod\u00e9e<\/a>, <a href=\"\/fr\/dybbuk\/\">Dybbuk<\/a> (autres figures cl\u00e9s)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/fr\/apophis\/\">Apophis<\/a> (adversaire cosmique)<\/li><li><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dans les religions abrahamiques, un messager c\u00e9leste de Dieu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Anges<\/span> d\u00e9chus \u2013 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment th\u00e9matique r\u00e9current dans l'art ou le r\u00e9cit.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> (1 H\u00e9noch)<\/li><li>Jour des Expiations et bouc \u00e9missaire<\/li><li>Sitra Achra (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Courant de la mystique juive dont les \u0153uvres majeures sont le Sefer Yetzirah et le Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbale<\/span>)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliographie (s\u00e9lection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Une s\u00e9lection de travaux essentiels sur Azazel :<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Pinker, Aron : \u00ab A Goat to Go to Azazel. \u00bb Dans : <em>Journal of Hebrew Scriptures<\/em> 7 (2007).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Nickelsburg, George W. E. : <em>1 Enoch. A Commentary<\/em>. 2 vol. Minneapolis 2001\/2012.<\/span><\/li><li>Pinker, Aron \/ Wright, David P. : \u00ab The Day of Atonement Scapegoat. \u00bb Dans : <em>Vetus Testamentum<\/em>.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Grabbe, Lester L. : \u00ab The Scapegoat Tradition. \u00bb Dans : <em>Journal for the Study of Judaism<\/em> 18 (1987).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Girard, Ren\u00e9 : <em>The Scapegoat<\/em>. Baltimore 1986 (perspective de sociologie des religions).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (juda\u00efsme) :<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Hutter, Manfred<\/strong> : <em>Lilith. In: Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. 2. Aufl. Leiden 1999.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>D&rsquo;autres ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence figurent dans la <a href=\"\/fr\/bibliographie\/\">bibliographie<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv853qv e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"qv853qv\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv853qvh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"qv853qvh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symboles de protection apparent\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv853qvb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"qv853qvb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv853qvt elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"qv853qvt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-querverweis-grid\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:16px 0;\"><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-card\"><a href=\"\/fr\/mezuzah\/\" class=\"iwg-querverweis-link\"><strong>Mezouzah<\/strong><br><span class=\"iwg-querverweis-teaser\">Rouleau de parchemin juif fix\u00e9 au montant de la porte, avec le texte du Shema Isra\u00ebl<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.iwg-querverweis-card{padding:16px;border:1px solid var(--e-global-color-f443515,#e6c45a);border-radius:8px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);}.iwg-querverweis-link{color:var(--e-global-color-accent,#e6c45a);text-decoration:none;}.iwg-querverweis-teaser{color:#e8e8e8;font-size:13px;line-height:1.4;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-azazel-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-azazel-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-azazel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-azazel-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-azazel-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">La pratique protectrice d\u00e9crite ici rel\u00e8ve d&rsquo;une mise en perspective historico-religieuse de traditions historiques. iWell Guard s&rsquo;inscrit dans cette lign\u00e9e culturelle et historique d&rsquo;objets de protection portables et en constitue une forme contemporaine. <a href=\"\/fr\/a-propos-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">En savoir plus sur l&rsquo;iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8efd06 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f8efd06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e968d5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e968d5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur Azazel<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Qui est Azazel dans la tradition juive ?<\/h3><p>Azazel est une figure myst\u00e9rieuse issue du <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une s\u00e9quence ordonn\u00e9e d'actions symboliques \u00e0 signification religieuse ou culturelle.\" tabindex=\"0\">rituel<\/span> d&rsquo;expiation du Yom Kippour (L\u00e9vitique 16) : le grand pr\u00eatre choisissait deux boucs, l&rsquo;un pour Dieu, l&rsquo;autre pour Azazel.<\/p><p>Le bouc destin\u00e9 \u00e0 Azazel \u00e9tait envoy\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9sert avec les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s du peuple sur la t\u00eate. L&rsquo;apocalyptique juive ult\u00e9rieure (Livre d&rsquo;H\u00e9noch) interpr\u00e8te Azazel comme un ange d\u00e9chu qui enseigna aux hommes des arts interdits \u2013 fabrication d&rsquo;armes, cosm\u00e9tique, astrologie.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Que signifie le symbolisme du bouc \u00e9missaire autour d&rsquo;Azazel ?<\/h3><p>Le <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Une action religieuse fixe et r\u00e9currente.\" tabindex=\"0\">rite<\/span> du bouc \u00e9missaire est la racine archa\u00efque de la notion moderne. Les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s de la communaut\u00e9 sont symboliquement transf\u00e9r\u00e9s sur un animal et d\u00e9port\u00e9s dans le d\u00e9sert, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire hors du monde habit\u00e9.<\/p><p>Ren\u00e9 Girard a d\u00e9crit ce sch\u00e9ma dans sa th\u00e9orie du m\u00e9canisme du bouc \u00e9missaire comme une fonction sociale fondamentale : une communaut\u00e9 se soulage en excluant une figure singuli\u00e8re.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Qui est Azazel dans la tradition juive ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Azazel est une figure myst\\u00e9rieuse issue du rituel d'expiation du Yom Kippour (L\\u00e9vitique 16) : le grand pr\\u00eatre choisissait deux boucs \\u2013 l'un pour Dieu, l'autre pour Azazel. 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Ren\\u00e9 Girard a d\\u00e9crit ce sch\\u00e9ma dans sa th\\u00e9orie du m\\u00e9canisme du bouc \\u00e9missaire comme une fonction sociale fondamentale : une communaut\\u00e9 se soul\\u00e0ge en excluant une figure singuli\\u00e8re.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1689,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Azazel tradition juive bouc \u00e9missaire","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Azazel \u2013 d\u00e9mon de la tradition juive | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Azazel, d\u00e9mon du d\u00e9sert li\u00e9 au bouc \u00e9missaire et ange d\u00e9chu de la tradition h\u00e9nochique. Rite du L\u00e9vitique, apocryphes, Kabbale et r\u00e9ception ult\u00e9rieure.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"judentum","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[308,467],"class_list":["post-10391","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-demons","category-judaisme"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Azazel \u2013 d\u00e9mon de la tradition juive | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Azazel, d\u00e9mon du d\u00e9sert li\u00e9 au bouc \u00e9missaire et ange d\u00e9chu de la tradition h\u00e9nochique. 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