{"id":143855,"date":"2026-09-03T12:29:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:29:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=143855"},"modified":"2026-09-03T12:44:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:44:15","slug":"leviatan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/leviatan\/","title":{"rendered":"Leviatan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"143855\" class=\"elementor elementor-143855 elementor-1021\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviatan, kristillisen perinteen jumala<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leviatan on kristillisen perinteen jumala.<\/p><p>Meren alkuk\u00e4\u00e4rme, heprealaisen ja kristillisen perinteen kaaoshahmo.<\/p><p>Leviatan esiintyy Raamatussa kaaoslohik\u00e4\u00e4rmeen\u00e4 ja luomisen vastustajana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Jumala \/ Jumalatar: Kulttuurin pantheonin persoonallistunut korkein voima, jolla on selke\u00e4t vastuualueet, kuten luonnonvoimat, kohtalo, sota ja hedelm\u00e4llisyys. H\u00e4nt\u00e4 palvotaan kulttien, uhrien ja temppeli-instituutioiden avulla.\">Jumala<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143847\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kristillinen perinne enkeleineen, demoneineen ja mystisine olentoineen.\">Kristinusko<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143940\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kaaosvoimat ja kosmiset vastustajat, uskontohistoriallisen dualismin vastavoimat.\">Antijumala<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-149118\" alt=\"Leviatan \u2013 jumalia kristinuskon perinteest\u00e4, historiallis-havainnollistava\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviatan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leviatan (hepr. <em>Liwjatan<\/em>) on yksi muinaisen l\u00e4hi-id\u00e4n vanhimmista kaaoshahmoista. Vanhassa testamentissa se esiintyy keskeisiss\u00e4 kohdissa (Job 40, 41, Ps. 74, Jes. 27) samanaikaisesti uhkaavana alkuel\u00e4imen\u00e4 ja jumalallisena leikkikaluna.<\/p><p>Apokalyptisessa kirjallisuudessa siit\u00e4 tulee eskatologinen lopunajan vihollinen; kristillisess\u00e4 demonologiassa se nousee ylidemonien hierarkiaan, usein kateuden <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Henkinen olento, jolle katsotaan olevan haitallinen tai kaksijakoinen vaikutus.\" tabindex=\"0\">demonina<\/span> tai syvyyden hallitsijana.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Rakenteellisesti Leviatan kuuluu muinaisen l\u00e4hi-id\u00e4n kaaosk\u00e4\u00e4rmeiden perheeseen: Tiamat, Jam (Ugarit), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143824\">Apofis<\/a>, Vrtra ja germaaninen Midgardin k\u00e4\u00e4rme. Perusmotiivi, j\u00e4rjestyksen luominen kukistamalla alkuhirvi\u00f6, on laajalti levinnyt indoeurooppalais-seemil\u00e4isess\u00e4 perinteess\u00e4. Thomas Hobbes k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 Leviatania valtiollisen vallan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Merkki, joka edustaa ajatusta tai merkityst\u00e4.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolina<\/span> (1651); nykyaikainen kuvasto tekee siit\u00e4 valtavuuden perikuvan.<\/span><\/p><div><p><strong>Ugaritilainen Lotan edelt\u00e4j\u00e4n\u00e4<\/strong><\/p><p>Leviatan on uskontohistoriallisesti yksi parhaiten dokumentoiduista muinaisen l\u00e4hi-id\u00e4n kaaosk\u00e4\u00e4rmeperinteen esimerkeist\u00e4. Vanhin todiste on ugaritilainen sana <em>Lotan<\/em> (noin 1400 eaa. ajoitetuissa KTU-teksteiss\u00e4 1.5 ja 1.83), joissa s\u00e4\u00e4njumala Baal kukistaa seitsenp\u00e4isen merihirvi\u00f6 Lotanin.<\/p><p>T\u00e4m\u00e4 esikuva on l\u00e4heist\u00e4 sukua mesopotamialaiselle Tiamat-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jumalista, alkuper\u00e4st\u00e4 ja maailman j\u00e4rjestyksest\u00e4 kertova perinteinen kertomus.\" tabindex=\"0\">myytille<\/span> (Enuma Elisch); molemmat kuuluvat muinaisen l\u00e4hi-id\u00e4n taistelu<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jumalista, alkuper\u00e4st\u00e4 ja maailman j\u00e4rjestyksest\u00e4 kertova perinteinen kertomus.\" tabindex=\"0\">myytti<\/span>perinteeseen (<em>kaaostaistelu<\/em>), joka toimi esikuvana juutalaiselle Liwjatan-perinteelle.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Tutkimus (John Day, <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em>, 1985; Mark S. Smith, <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em>, 2001) on k\u00e4sitellyt n\u00e4it\u00e4 diffuusioteoreettisia yhteyksi\u00e4 yksityiskohtaisesti.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pikakatsaus: Leviatan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tyyppi:<\/strong> alkuper\u00e4inen merenolento, kaaoshahmo, helvetin ylidemoni<br>Alkuper\u00e4: ugaritilainen Lotan, heprealainen Liwjatan<br>Tekstit: Job 40, 41, Ps. 74, Jes. 27, Ilm. 13, Henok, grimoiret<br>Ajanjakso: my\u00f6h\u00e4ispronssikaudelta nykyp\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4n<br>Funktio: kaaoksen ruumiillistuma, eskatologinen lopunajan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Toistuva sis\u00e4ll\u00f6llinen elementti taiteessa tai kertomuksessa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiivi<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777529077 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777529077\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777529077 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777529077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><span data-nosnippet><em><strong>Ero Saatanaan:<\/strong> Toisin kuin <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143852\">Saatana<\/a>, juutalais-kristillisen perinteen persoonallistettu vastustaja, Leviatan ei ole toimiva hahmo, vaan <strong>kosminen hirvi\u00f6symboliikka<\/strong>, Jobin teksteist\u00e4 tunnettu merihirvi\u00f6, jota on my\u00f6hemmin k\u00e4ytetty kuvana hillitsem\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4st\u00e4 kaaoksesta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jumalaa ja uskontoa koskeva tieteellinen oppi.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiassa<\/span> ja poliittisessa filosofiassa (Hobbes 1651).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yleiskatsaus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tekstien ajanjakso<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ensimm\u00e4iset todisteet ugaritilaisissa teksteiss\u00e4 (2. vuosituhat eaa.) nimell\u00e4 <em>Lotan<\/em>. Vanhassa testamentissa se kuvataan yksityiskohtaisesti kirjassa Job 40, 41. Apokalyptinen k\u00e4sittely toisen temppelin aikakaudella (Henok). Kristillinen vastaanotto Ilmestyskirjassa ja <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kirkkoisien (2.\u20138. vuosisata) teologia ja kirjoitukset, esim. Augustinus, Hieronymus, Origenes, Khrysostomos.\">patristiikassa<\/span>. Grimoiret ja Hobbes uudella ajalla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Levinneisyysalue<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtana on muinaissyyrialais-kanaanilainen alue (Ugarit), josta perinne siirtyi raamatulliseen Israeliin ja sielt\u00e4 koko kristilliseen maailmaan, vahvana l\u00e4sn\u00e4 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kuvasis\u00e4lt\u00f6jen ja niiden merkityksen tutkimus.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografiassa<\/span> (helvetin kita) ja kirjallisuudessa (Hobbes, Moby Dick).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u00e4hdetilanne<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ugaritilaiset tekstit (KTU 1.5); Job 40, 41; Ps. 74, Ps. 104; Jes. 27,1; 1. Henok 60; Ilm. 12, 13; grimoiret (Dictionnaire Infernal); Hobbes; nykyaikainen vastaanotto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nimi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Heprea:<\/strong> <em>Liwjatan<\/em>, \u201dkiertyv\u00e4\u201d, \u201dk\u00e4\u00e4rmem\u00e4inen\u201d.<br>Ugarit: <em>Lotan<\/em>, jolla on suora etymologinen ja motiivinen jatkuvuus.<br>Kreikka (LXX): <em>drak\u014dn<\/em>.<br>Latina (Vulgata): <em>Leviathan<\/em>.<\/p><p>Motiivinen sukulaisuus Tiamatiin, Apofikseen ja Vrtraan on kiistaton; kielellisesti Leviatan on suoraa jatkumoa ugaritilaiselle Lotanille. Kabbalistisessa perinteess\u00e4 sen ajatellaan toisinaan olevan naaraspuolinen (\u201dpahan Leviatanin\u201d puolisona) tai kaksinaisena (kaksi Leviatania).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Luonteenpiirteet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ulkon\u00e4k\u00f6<\/strong><\/p><p>J\u00e4ttim\u00e4inen merik\u00e4\u00e4rme tai lohik\u00e4\u00e4rmeen muotoinen merihirvi\u00f6. Job 40, 41 kuvaa sit\u00e4 tulta sy\u00f6ksev\u00e4ll\u00e4 kidalla, suomupanssarilla ja voittamattomalla voimalla. Keskiaikaisessa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Oppi kuva-aiheista ja niiden merkityksest\u00e4.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografiassa<\/span>: lohik\u00e4\u00e4rme, Leviatan helvetin kitana, joka nielee kadotetut.<\/p><p><strong>K\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen<\/strong><\/p><p>Jobin kirjassa Jumalan leikkikalu, todiste jumalallisesta ylivertaisuudesta. Jes 27,1 mukaan vihollinen, jonka Jumala kukistaa miekalla aikojen lopussa. Ilmestyskirjassa apokalyptinen lohik\u00e4\u00e4rme merest\u00e4.<\/p><p><strong>Vaikutuspiiri<\/strong><\/p><p>Meri, syvyys, kaoottinen. Eskatologisessa tulkinnassa lopun aika, keskiaikaisessa helvetin ikonografiassa itse helvetti.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologinen alkuper\u00e4<\/strong><\/p><p>Ugaritilainen juuri Lotan-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Taiteessa tai kertomuksessa toistuva sis\u00e4ll\u00f6llinen aihe.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiivissa<\/span>, osana jumala Baalin kaaoskamppailua merivoima Jammia vastaan. Raamatussa se on yht\u00e4 lailla luomisen hetki (kesytt\u00e4minen) kuin lopun aika (tuho).<\/p><div><p><strong>Job 40, 41 laajimpana l\u00e4hteen\u00e4<\/strong><\/p><p>Raamatun laajin Leviatan-kuvaus on Jobin kirjan luvussa 41 (osassa laskutavoista 40,25, 41,26): yksityiskohtainen 34 s\u00e4keen muotokuva olennosta, jolla on suomut, tulinen henk\u00e4ys, j\u00e4ttim\u00e4inen kita ja voittamattomuus.<\/p><p>Teologinen konteksti on Jumalan vastaus Jobille myrskyst\u00e4 (Job 38, 41), jossa Jumala osoittaa kosmisen ylivaltansa my\u00f6s kaaoksen voimien yli. Leviatan esiintyy t\u00e4ss\u00e4 Behemotin rinnalla kaksinkertaisena todisteena siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 luomakunta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 voimia, jotka ovat ihmisen hallinnan ulottumattomissa, mutta alistettuja Jumalan vallalle.<\/p><p>Psalmi 74,14 viittaa kosmologiseen esihistoriaan (\u201dSin\u00e4 murskasit Leviatanin p\u00e4\u00e4t\u201d); Psalmi 104,26 asettaa my\u00f6hemm\u00e4n, melkein leikkis\u00e4n s\u00e4vyn (\u201dLeviatan, jonka teit leikkim\u00e4\u00e4n siin\u00e4\u201d). Juutalainen rabbiininen perinne (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Rabbiinisen juutalaisuuden p\u00e4\u00e4teos babylonialaisessa ja jerusalemilaisessa versiossa; sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 Mi\u0161nan ja Gemaran.\">Talmud<\/span> Bavli Bava Batra 75a) kertoo lopun aikojen juhla-ateriasta, jossa vanhurskaat sy\u00f6v\u00e4t Leviatanin lihaa.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tietokortti: Leviatan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leviatanin t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t piirteet yhdell\u00e4 silm\u00e4yksell\u00e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviatanin alkuper\u00e4<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ugaritilainen Lotan, hebrealainen Livjatan. Vanhassa testamentissa se on samalla luomisessa kesytetty olento ja eskatologinen vihollinen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vaikutuksen kohde<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kosminen uhka; keskiaikaisessa tulkinnassa kadotettujen nielij\u00e4 (helvetin kita). Teemana: ihminen hallittavuuden rajalla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ulkomuoto<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>J\u00e4ttim\u00e4inen merik\u00e4\u00e4rme, tulta sy\u00f6ksev\u00e4 kita, suomupanssari. Keskiajalla helvetin kitana, joka nielee sieluja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vaikutusalue<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kaaoksen ilmentym\u00e4, uhkaa j\u00e4rjestyst\u00e4 ja kukistetaan lopulta. Grimoire-perinteess\u00e4 kateuden <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Henkiolento, jolle katsotaan vahingollinen tai ristiriitainen vaikutus.\" tabindex=\"0\">demoni<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviatanin torjunta<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ei arkip\u00e4iv\u00e4n torjuntakeinoja. Teologisesti: luottamus Jumalaan kukistajana. Kabbalistisessa ja grimoirekirjallisuudessa erityisi\u00e4 sitomiskaavoja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviatanin vastineet<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat (Mesopotamia), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143824\">Apofis<\/a> (Egypti), Vrtra (vedalainen), Midg\u00e5rdin k\u00e4\u00e4rme, Ilmestyskirjan lohik\u00e4\u00e4rme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teht\u00e4v\u00e4 riitiss\u00e4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Liturginen<\/strong><\/p><p>Juutalaisessa kertomuksessa lopun aikojen juhla-ateriasta Leviatan toimii vanhurskaiden ravintona (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rabbiinisen juutalaisuuden p\u00e4\u00e4teos, joka tulkitsee uskonnollista perinnett\u00e4.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>, Baba Batra 74b, 75a). Kristillisess\u00e4 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Vakiintunut jumalanpalveluksen j\u00e4rjestys teksteineen, lauluineen ja rituaalisine toimituksineen.\">liturgiassa<\/span> ei ole suoraa yhteytt\u00e4, mutta p\u00e4\u00e4si\u00e4isliturgian lohik\u00e4\u00e4rme-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Oppi kuva-aiheista ja niiden merkityksest\u00e4.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografia<\/span> kaikuu siin\u00e4 taustalla.<\/p><p><strong>Manauskaavat<\/strong><\/p><p>Grimoiret (Pseudomonarchia Daemonum, Dictionnaire Infernal) luettelevat Leviatanin yhdeksi ylidemoneista, jolla on omat sinettins\u00e4 ja arvoasemansa. Kabbalistisessa perinteess\u00e4 h\u00e4n on osa <em>Sitra Achraa<\/em>.<\/p><p><strong>Symbolinen<\/strong><\/p><p>Kaaoksen hahmona h\u00e4n on jumalallisen j\u00e4rjestyksen vastakuva; helvetin kitana keskiaikaisten lopun aikojen kuvausten ikonografinen kiintopiste. Hobbesilla suvereenin valtiovallan vertauskuva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rinnakkaisilmi\u00f6t ja j\u00e4lkiel\u00e4m\u00e4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>L\u00e4hi-it\u00e4:<\/strong> Ugaritilainen Lotan, babylonialainen Tiamat, samaa motiiviperhett\u00e4. Perusmalli: luominen alkumeren voiman kukistamisen kautta.<\/p><p><strong>Indoeurooppalaiset perinteet:<\/strong> Vrtra Rigvedassa, Midg\u00e5rdin k\u00e4\u00e4rme, Kreikan sankaritarun lohik\u00e4\u00e4rme. Kaikki edustavat alkuper\u00e4ist\u00e4 voimaa, jonka sankarijumalan on kukistettava.<\/p><p><strong>Nykyaikainen tulkinta<\/strong><\/p><p>Hobbesin <em>Leviathan<\/em> valtiollisen vallan poliittisena vertauskuvana. Melville viittaa Leviataniin teoksessa Moby-Dick. Nyky\u00e4\u00e4n: elokuva, kirjallisuus, poliittinen sanasto (valvontavaltio = \u201dLeviatan\u201d).<\/p><div><p><strong>Poliittinen ja uudenaikainen tulkinta<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Thomas Hobbes teki vuonna 1651 poliittisessa p\u00e4\u00e4teoksessaan <em>Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill<\/em> hahmosta absoluuttisen valtion vertauskuvan: \u201dkuolevainen jumala\u201d Leviatan on suvereeni, joka syntyy sopimuksen kautta luonnontilasta (<em>bellum omnium contra omnes<\/em>) ja hallitsee kansalaisten el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4 ja kuolemaa.<\/span><\/p><p>Hobbesin valinta juuri t\u00e4h\u00e4n kuvaan on uskontohistoriallisesti huomionarvoinen: se rinnastaa valtion kaaoksen voimaan, jonka raamatullinen kesytt\u00e4minen antaa valtiolle sen teht\u00e4v\u00e4n.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Nykyaikaisessa tulkinnassa (Carl Schmitt, <em>Der Leviathan in der Staatslehre des Thomas Hobbes<\/em>, 1938) ja valtion suvereniteettia koskevissa keskusteluissa Leviatan pysyy keskeisen\u00e4 viittauskohtana.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>T\u00e4m\u00e4 poliittinen tulkinta kulkee rinnakkain teologis-demonologisen tulkinnan kanssa, jossa Leviatan luetaan keskiaikaisessa helvetin hierarkiassa (Peter Binsfeld, <em>De confessionibus maleficarum<\/em>, 1589) yhdeksi seitsem\u00e4st\u00e4 helvetin ruhtinaasta, joka vastaa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kristillisess\u00e4 perinteess\u00e4 oppi, joka poikkeaa ortodoksisesta kannasta; antiikissa ja keskiajalla siit\u00e4 rangaistiin.\">harhaopin<\/span> kuolemansynnist\u00e4.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0fa89a2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0fa89a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45b6119 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp45b6119\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviatan Jobin kirjassa: Jumalan puhe myrskyst\u00e4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5b95145 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5b95145\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1068a65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1068a65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yksityiskohtaisin kuvaus Leviatanista heprealaisessa Raamatussa on Jobin kirjan luvussa 41. Se kuuluu Jumalan puheisiin, joilla Jumala vastaa myrskyn keskelt\u00e4 Jobin valituksiin.<\/p><p>Jumala kuvaa hirvi\u00f6t\u00e4 pitk\u00e4ll\u00e4 sarjalla kysymyksi\u00e4, jotka kaikki p\u00e4\u00e4tyv\u00e4t toteamaan, ettei kukaan ihminen pysty Leviatanin kanssa mittelem\u00e4\u00e4n. Kukaan ei voi vet\u00e4\u00e4 koukkua sen kitalaen l\u00e4pi, kesytt\u00e4\u00e4 sen kitaa suitsilla tai l\u00e4vist\u00e4\u00e4 sen nahkaa keih\u00e4ill\u00e4.<\/p><p>Kuvaus on konkreettinen ja kuvakas. Leviatanilla on l\u00e4p\u00e4isem\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4t suomut, jotka lep\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t toisiaan vasten kuin kilvet, sen kidasta lehahtaa soihtuja, sen sieraimista nousee savua ja sen henk\u00e4ys sytytt\u00e4\u00e4 hiilet.<\/p><p>Kun se nousee, pelk\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t jopa v\u00e4kev\u00e4tkin. Se pit\u00e4\u00e4 rautaa oljenkorsina ja pronssia lahopuuna. Se saattaa syvyyden kuohumaan kuin padan. Se on kaikkien ylimielisten kuningas.<\/p><p>Tulkintahistoriassa on kiistelty siit\u00e4, mit\u00e4 t\u00e4ll\u00e4 tarkoitetaan. Vanhempi tulkintalinja piti Leviatania rationalistisesti krokotiilina, toinen puhtaana kaaoksen vertauskuvana. Nykytutkimus korostaa retorista yhteytt\u00e4: Jobin kirjassa Leviatan edustaa inhimillisen vallan ja inhimillisen ymm\u00e4rryksen rajaa.<\/p><p>Jumala n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 Jobille olennon, jota ihminen ei kykene hallitsemaan eik\u00e4 k\u00e4sitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, mutta joka ei uhkaa Jumalaa itse\u00e4\u00e4n. Jumalan puhe tekee kaaoshirvi\u00f6st\u00e4 paradoksaalisesti osan k\u00e4sitt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4n laajaa luomisj\u00e4rjestyst\u00e4, jonka mielekkyys j\u00e4\u00e4 ihmiselt\u00e4 avautumatta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6f647dc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6f647dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe9f0c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe9f0c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u00e4nsisemiittinen tausta: Lotan ja kaaostaisto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp10055ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp10055ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf9e4b2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf9e4b2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leviatan ei ole eristetty raamatullinen keksint\u00f6. Ugaritilaisten tekstien l\u00f6ytyminen Ras Shamrasta Syyrian rannikolta vuodesta 1929 alkaen on tehnyt n\u00e4kyv\u00e4ksi vanhemman taustan.<\/p><p>Ugaritin mytologisissa teksteiss\u00e4, jotka ajoittuvat toiselle vuosituhannelle ennen ajanlaskun alkua, esiintyy k\u00e4\u00e4rme nimelt\u00e4 <em>Lotan<\/em>, joka on \u00e4\u00e4nteellisesti l\u00e4heist\u00e4 sukua heprealaiselle Liwjatanille. Lotan kuvataan siell\u00e4 kiemurtelevana, monip\u00e4isen\u00e4 k\u00e4\u00e4rmeen\u00e4, jonka s\u00e4\u00e4n- ja myrskyjumala Baal tai jumalatar Anat surmaa.<\/p><p>N\u00e4in Leviatan liittyy laajalti levinneeseen muinaisen L\u00e4hi-id\u00e4n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Toistuva sis\u00e4ll\u00f6llinen aihe taiteessa tai kertomuksessa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiiviin<\/span>, kaaostaistoon. Mesopotamiassa jumala Marduk taistelee <em>Enuma Eli\u0161iss\u00e4<\/em> alkuvedes Tiamatia vastaan, Ugaritissa Baal voittaa meren Yamin ja lohik\u00e4\u00e4rme Lotanin.<\/p><p>Perusrakenne on kaikkialla samankaltainen: j\u00e4rjestyst\u00e4 edustava voima kukistaa vetisen kaaosvoiman, usein k\u00e4\u00e4rmeen hahmossa, ja perustaa tai vahvistaa siten maailmanj\u00e4rjestyksen.<\/p><p>Heprealainen Raamattu tuntee t\u00e4m\u00e4n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Toistuva sis\u00e4ll\u00f6llinen aihe taiteessa tai kertomuksessa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiivin<\/span> ja ottaa sen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n, mutta muokkaa sit\u00e4 omalla tavallaan. Useat psalmit ja profeetalliset tekstit kertovat, ett\u00e4 Jumala on murskannut Leviatanin tai meren lohik\u00e4\u00e4rmeen p\u00e4\u00e4t.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Uskontotieteilij\u00e4t, kuten John Day, ovat teoksessaan <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985) osoittaneet, kuinka n\u00e4m\u00e4 vanhemmat kuvat el\u00e4v\u00e4t edelleen raamatullisissa teksteiss\u00e4, mutta liitet\u00e4\u00e4n niiss\u00e4 Israelin yhteen Jumalaan.<\/span><\/p><p>Leviatanista tulee siten itsen\u00e4isest\u00e4 jumalallisesta vastustajasta luotu olento, jonka Jumala kukistaa tai jonka, kuten Jobin kirjassa, h\u00e4n antaa n\u00e4ytt\u00e4yty\u00e4 vain voimallisena mutta vaarattomana leikkikaluna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpab2b5fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpab2b5fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe388ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfe388ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aikojen lopun ateria: Leviatan juutalaisessa perinteess\u00e4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb6217c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb6217c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe28435f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe28435f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Raamatun j\u00e4lkeisess\u00e4 juutalaisessa kirjallisuudessa Leviatania kehitell\u00e4\u00e4n edelleen omalla tavallaan. Laaja perinne, joka on tavoitettavissa apokalypseissa, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rabbiinisen juutalaisuuden p\u00e4\u00e4ty\u00f6, joka sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 uskonnollisen perinteen tulkinnan.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudissa<\/span> ja midras-kirjallisuudessa, yhdist\u00e4\u00e4 sen aikojen loppuun.<\/p><p>Usein se esiintyy parina maahirvi\u00f6 <em>Behemotin<\/em> kanssa; joskus mukaan tulee kolmantena lintu <em>Ziz<\/em>. Leviatan hallitsee merta, Behemot maata.<\/p><p>Yleinen k\u00e4sitys on, ett\u00e4 Jumala loi molemmat alkuhirvi\u00f6t alun perin pariksi, mutta esti niiden lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisen, jotta ne eiv\u00e4t valtaisi maailmaa.<\/p><p>Aikojen lopussa, kuten useissa l\u00e4hteiss\u00e4 kerrotaan, Leviatan ja Behemot surmataan ja niiden liha tarjotaan vanhurskaille juhla-aterialle. Leviatanin nahasta, kuten talmudinen kertomus koristelee, Jumala valmistaa teltan tai katoksen hurskaille.<\/p><p>N\u00e4iss\u00e4 kuvissa on uskontohistoriallisesti kiinnostavaa. Kaaoshirvi\u00f6, joka vanhimmissa kerrostumissa muodosti todellisen uhan luomiselle, sijoitetaan t\u00e4ss\u00e4 t\u00e4ysin pelastushistoriaan. Se on alusta alkaen hallinnassa ja palvelee lopulta viel\u00e4 vanhurskaiden palkitsemista.<\/p><p>K\u00e4sityksell\u00e4 Leviatan-ateriasta on ollut pitk\u00e4 vaikutushistoria juutalaisessa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uskonnollisen yhteis\u00f6n jumalanpalveluksen vakiintunut j\u00e4rjestys.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgiassa<\/span> ja <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arjessa eletty uskonnollisuus, usein virallisen opin rinnalla.\" tabindex=\"0\">kansanuskonnollisuudessa<\/span>; se esiintyy viel\u00e4 lehtimajanjuhlan p\u00f6yt\u00e4lauluissa. Tutkimus n\u00e4kee t\u00e4ss\u00e4 esimerkin siit\u00e4, kuinka vanha myyttinen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Toistuva sis\u00e4ll\u00f6llinen aihe taiteessa tai kertomuksessa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiivi<\/span> on voinut s\u00e4ily\u00e4 el\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4 vuosisatojen ajan toistuvien uudelleentulkintojen kautta menett\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 koskaan t\u00e4ysin uhkaavaa alkuper\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb39e41a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb39e41a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7ec3be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7ec3be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kristillinen tulkinta: helvetin kidasta poliittiseksi vertauskuvaksi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5bb46b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5bb46b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2624cb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2624cb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kristillisess\u00e4 tulkintaperinteess\u00e4 Leviathan tulkittiin p\u00e4\u00e4osin kielteisesti. Kirkkois\u00e4t, kuten Gregorius Suuri, yhdistiv\u00e4t sen Job-kommentaareissaan Paholaiseen tai Antikristukseen.<\/p><p>Jobin kirjan tulta sy\u00f6ksev\u00e4st\u00e4 kidasta kehittyi keskiaikaisessa taiteessa helvetinkidan kuvamotiivi: valtava ammottava hirvi\u00f6nkita, jonka sis\u00e4\u00e4n kadotetut ajetaan. T\u00e4m\u00e4 kuva vaikutti kirjanmaalaukseen, kirkkojen portaaleihin ja my\u00f6hemmin hengelliseen n\u00e4ytelm\u00e4taiteeseen.<\/p><p>Toinen tulkintalinja k\u00e4ytti Leviathania vertauskuvallisesti lunastusajatuksen ilmaisemiseen. Joissakin keskiaikaisissa teksteiss\u00e4 koukkuun tarttunut Leviathan kuvaa sit\u00e4, kuinka Paholainen tulee Kristuksen ihmiseksitulemisen kautta petetyksi: ristist\u00e4 tulee koukku, johon hirvi\u00f6 tarttuu.<\/p><p>T\u00e4m\u00e4 k\u00e4sitys yhdisti vanhan kuvan pyydyst\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4st\u00e4 Leviathanista kristilliseen pelastusoppiin.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Uuden ajan seurauksellisimman uudelleentulkinnan teki Thomas Hobbes. Teoksessaan <em>Leviathan<\/em> vuodelta 1651 h\u00e4n valitsi raamatullisen hirvi\u00f6n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Havainnollinen kuva, joka edustaa abstraktia ajatusta.\" tabindex=\"0\">vertauskuvaksi<\/span> valtiolle, keinotekoiselle ihmiselle, joka koostuu monista ihmisist\u00e4 ja joka lopettaa ylivertaisella voimallaan kaikkien sotaa kaikkia vastaan koskevan luonnontilan.<\/span><\/p><p>Hobbes viittasi t\u00e4ss\u00e4 nimenomaisesti Jobin kirjan sanoihin kuninkaasta kaikkien ylpeiden yll\u00e4.<\/p><p>Kuuluisa kuparipiirros nimisivulla, joka esitt\u00e4\u00e4 valtavaa, monista pienist\u00e4 hahmoista koostuvaa hallitsijaa, on yksi tunnetuimmista poliittisista kuvista ylip\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4\u00e4n. Hobbesista l\u00e4htien Leviathan on poliittisessa kielenk\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 ilmaus ylivoimaisesta valtiollisesta vallasta, merkitysketju, joka liittyy alkuper\u00e4iseen kaaoslohik\u00e4\u00e4rmeeseen en\u00e4\u00e4 voittamattoman vallan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Toistuva sis\u00e4ll\u00f6llinen elementti taiteessa tai kertomuksessa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiivin<\/span> kautta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aiheeseen liittyv\u00e4t linkit<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Suositellut sis\u00e4iset linkit:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143847\">Kristinusko<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143852\">Saatana<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143853\">Lucifer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143854\">Beelzebub<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143856\">Legioona<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143824\">Apophis<\/a> (l\u00e4heisin vastine)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143817\">Mesopotamia<\/a> (Tiamat-perinne)<\/li><li>Lohik\u00e4\u00e4rme- ja kaaostaisteluaiheet<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tutkimuskirjallisuus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Valikoima keskeisi\u00e4 teoksia Leviathanista:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Day, John: <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em>. Cambridge 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Uehlinger, Christoph: \u201eLeviathan.&#8221; Teoksessa: <em>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible<\/em>. 2. painos. Leiden 1999.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wakeman, Mary K.: <em>God&#8217;s Battle with the Monster<\/em>. Leiden 1973.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Batto, Bernard F.: <em>Slaying the Dragon<\/em>. Louisville 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Schmidt, Brian B.: \u201eSea Monsters.&#8221; Teoksessa: <em>Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls<\/em>. New York 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Perusteos (kristinusko):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Markschies, Christoph<\/strong>: <em>Das <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kreikkalais-roomalaisen kulttuurin aikakausi, noin 800 eaa.\u2013600 jaa.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> Christentum. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ihmisen eletty uskonnollinen asenne ja k\u00e4yt\u00e4nt\u00f6.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fr\u00f6mmigkeit<\/span>, Lebensformen, Institutionen. Beck, M\u00fcnchen 2006.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Lis\u00e4\u00e4 perusteoksia <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/fi\/?page_id=143965\">kirjallisuusluettelossa<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-faq-33e931 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-faq-33e931\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-faq-col-8e5934\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-faq-col-8e5934\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Usein kysytty\u00e4 Leviathanista<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Mik\u00e4 on Leviathan?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Leviathan on juutalais-kristillisen perinteen valtava meren hirvi\u00f6. Heprealaisessa Raamatussa (Jesaja, psalmit, Job) se esiintyy meren kaoottisena alkuvoimana, jonka Jumala kesytt\u00e4\u00e4 luomisen alussa. My\u00f6hemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 juutalaisessa apokalyptiikassa ja kristillisess\u00e4 demonologiassa Leviathanista tuli pahan personifikaatio. Thomas Hobbesilla nimest\u00e4 tuli kaikkivaltiaan valtion vertauskuva.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Onko Leviathan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Henkiolento, jolle katsotaan olevan haitallinen tai kaksijakoinen vaikutus.\" tabindex=\"0\">demoni<\/span> vai el\u00e4in?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Alkuper\u00e4isess\u00e4 raamatullisessa perinteess\u00e4 Leviathan on valtava, kosminen el\u00e4in, l\u00e4heist\u00e4 sukua ugaritilaiselle Lotanille ja mesopotamialaiselle Tiamatille. My\u00f6hemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 juutalaisessa apokalyptiikassa (Henokin kirja) ja uuden ajan alun kristillisess\u00e4 demonologiassa siit\u00e4 tuli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Henkiolento, jolle katsotaan olevan haitallinen tai kaksijakoinen vaikutus.\" tabindex=\"0\">demoni<\/span>: Peter Binsfeldill\u00e4 yksi seitsem\u00e4st\u00e4 arkkidemonista, vastuussa kateuden kuolemansynnist\u00e4.<\/p>\n<\/details>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-s elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Mik\u00e4 on Leviathan?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Leviathan on juutalais-kristillisen perinteen valtava meren hirvi\u00f6. Heprealaisessa Raamatussa (Jesaja, psalmit, Job) se esiintyy meren kaoottisena alkuvoimana, jonka Jumala kesytt\u00e4\u00e4 luomisen alussa. My\u00f6hemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 juutalaisessa apokalyptiikassa ja kristillisess\u00e4 demonologiassa Leviathanista tuli pahan personifikaatio. Thomas Hobbesilla nimest\u00e4 tuli kaikkivaltiaan valtion vertauskuva.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Onko Leviathan demoni vai el\u00e4in?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Alkuper\u00e4isess\u00e4 raamatullisessa perinteess\u00e4 Leviathan on valtava, kosminen el\u00e4in, l\u00e4heist\u00e4 sukua ugaritilaiselle Lotanille ja mesopotamialaiselle Tiamatille. My\u00f6hemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 juutalaisessa apokalyptiikassa (Henokin kirja) ja uuden ajan alun kristillisess\u00e4 demonologiassa siit\u00e4 tuli demoni: Peter Binsfeldill\u00e4 yksi seitsem\u00e4st\u00e4 arkkidemonista, vastuussa kateuden kuolemansynnist\u00e4.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1566,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Leviatan Kaaos","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Leviatan \u2013 kaaoslohik\u00e4\u00e4rme ja luomisen vastustaja","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Leviatan, meren alkuk\u00e4\u00e4rme ja heprealaisen perinteen kaaoshahmo: Jobin kirjasta ja psalmeista kristilliseen 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