{"id":200513,"date":"2026-09-07T14:09:31","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T14:09:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=200513"},"modified":"2026-09-07T14:13:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T14:13:09","slug":"nabu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/nabu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nabu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"200513\" class=\"elementor elementor-200513 elementor-2080 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu, mesopotamiar tradizioko jainkoa<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu mesopotamiar tradizioko jainkoa da.<\/p><p><strong>Idazkeraren jainkoa, jainkoen idazkaria, Marduken semea.<\/strong> Nabu (Nebo izenez ere ezaguna) ez da Mesopotamiako jainko boteretsuena, baina bai jakintsuenetako bat. Idazluma eta idazteko taula eskuan, Borsippan eserita, gizaki bakoitzaren patua idazten du munduko legearen harrizko tauletan. Beste jainkoek tximistaren eta gerraren bidez agintzen duten bitartean, Nabuk hitzaren bidez agintzen du; bere idazkiak eta xantzuak dira <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gauzen ibilbidean berariazko ekintza edo formulen bidez eragin nahi duten praktikak.\" tabindex=\"0\">magiaren<\/span> eta legezkotasunaren oinarria.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko \/ Jainkosa: Kultura bateko panteoian ahalmen gorena ordezkatzen duen izatea, eskumen argiekin, naturaren indarrak, patua, gerra, ugalkortasuna. Kultu, opari eta tenplu-erakundeen bidez gurtua.\">Jainkoa<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/mesopotamia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio dokumentatuaren sorlekua, Sumer, Akad, Babilonia, Asiria (K.a. 3500 - K.a. 330 artean).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Orrialde honetan ez da izenbururik aurkitu.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tAurkibidea\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-202770\" alt=\"Nabu - Mesopotamiako tradizioko jainkoak, historiko-ilustratiboa\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil laburra: Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mota:<\/strong> Mesopotamiar jainko nagusia, idazkeraren eta jakinduriaren jainkoa<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainko guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteoia<\/span>: Babilonia, Asur (Marduken semea)<br>Funtzioa: Idazkera, patu-taulak, astronomia, jakinduria<br>Ezaugarri nagusiak: Idazluma, buztin-taula, kapelu edo diadema garaia, dragoia (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u)<br>Kultu-toki nagusiak: Borsippa (kultu-toki nagusia, E-zida <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplua<\/span>), Babilonia, Ninibe<br>Identifikazio astronomikoa: Merkurio<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kokapena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Testuen garaia<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu Babilonia zaharreko garaitik dokumentatuta dago (K.a. 2. milurtekoaren hasieran). Une gorena Babilonia berriaren garaian izan zuen (K.a. 7.-6. mendea); Nabopolasar eta Nebukadnezar II.aren garaian, Borsippako E-zida <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplua<\/span> Babiloniako eraikin nagusietako bat bihurtu zen.<\/p><p>Akemeniar berantiar eta seleukotar garaietan oraindik garrantzitsua zen, baina Babiloniako inperioa desagertzearekin batera (K.o. 1. mendea) <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko edo izaki sakratu baten inguruko gurtzaren ekintza guztiak.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultua<\/span> itzaltzen doa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hedapen-eremua<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kultu-toki nagusia <strong>Borsippa<\/strong> zen (gaur egun Birs Nimrud, Babiloniatik hego aldera 17 km ingurura), <em>E-zida<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplu<\/span> ospetsuarekin. Horrez gain, Babilonia (Esagila multzoko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplua<\/span>), Ninibe (Asirian kultu-toki nagusia), Kalhu (Nimrud, Kalhuko Ezidako kultu-hobia).<\/p><p>Babilonia berriko erresuman, urteroko Akitu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio-jai bat den prozesio ospetsua.\" tabindex=\"0\">prozesioa<\/span> gertaera zentrala izan zen: Nabu itsasontzi batean bidaiatzen zuen Borsippatik Babiloniara Marduk ikustera.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iturri-egoera<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iturri nagusiak: <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (Marduken semea), Babilonia berriko erregeen inskripzioak (Nebukadnezar, Nabonido), <em>Erra<\/em> epopeia (aipamena), Borsippako Ezida inskripzioak, <em>Nabu Hymnoa<\/em>. Bibliografia osagarria: Pomponio, <em>Nab\u00fb. Il culto e la figura di un dio del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainko guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span> babilonese ed assiro<\/em>; Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izena eta aldaerak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu gizon gazte, bizardun gisa irudikatzen da, kapelu puntadun edo koroa duena, askotan idazmahai batean eserita edo buztinezko taulen gainean makurtuta. Bere ezaugarria idazluma da (<em>kalam<\/em>) eta idazteko taula.<\/p><p>Batzuetan liburu-korrontea eskuan darama edo patuaren taula legendarioa (<em>Tuppi \u0160\u012bm\u0101ti<\/em>) darama. Batzuetan idazkari-hegazti bat edo dragoi bat (bere heraldika-animalia) irudikatzen da bere ondoan. Bere kolorea urdina edo purpura da, duintasunaren eta jakinduriaren adierazgarri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ezaugarriak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu idazkarien, jakintsuen eta astronomoen jainkoa da. Irakurtzen eta idazten ikasi nahi zuenak Naburi otoitz egiten zion. Apaizek berarengana jotzen zuten zeinu eta iragarpen sakratuak interpretatzeko. Erritual magikoetan bere izena aipatzen zen, idazle baten <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Botere bat deitzeko edo lotzeko hitzezko erritual bat.\" tabindex=\"0\">otoitz-esaldi<\/span> idatzi bat indartsua zen, Nabuk berak idazkuntza bedeinkatzen zuelako.<\/p><p>Bere jaia (<em>Nabu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prozesio erlijioso ospetsua.\" tabindex=\"0\">prozesioa<\/span><\/em>) Borsippatik Babiloniara zihoan prozesio bat zen, non bere aita Marduk bisitatzen zuen. Idazle eta jakintsuek beren zaindaritzat gurtzen zuten. Ninibeko liburutegia Naburi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ekintza erlijioso baten bidez sakratuari eskaini eta horrela eguneroko bizitzatik bereizia.\" tabindex=\"0\">eskainia<\/span> zegoen, jakintza-bilduma guztiak haren babespean zeuden.<\/p><h3>Agerpena eta sinbologia<\/h3><p><em>Nabu<\/em> gizon gazte gisa irudikatzen da, koroa altua daramala, idazluma eta taulak eskuetan. Sarritan pergamino edo liburuz inguratuta agertzen da. Bere animalia sakratua hegoduneko dragoi <em>Mushussu<\/em> da, edo, batzuetan, mezuak eramaten dituen txori bat.<\/p><p><em>Nabu<\/em>k sarritan soineko urdina edo berdea darama, idazkuntzaren eta jakintzaren koloreak. Idaztresna edo luma bat da bere <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ideia edo esanahi baten ordez dagoen zeinua.\" tabindex=\"0\">sinbolo<\/span> nagusia. Begiak biziak eta jakintsuak ditu, egia ezkutu guztiak ikusten baititu. Bere presentzia adimena eta argiztapena adierazten duen argi batez inguratuta dago.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fitxa: Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabuen alderdi nagusiak begi bistan. Ondorengo eremuek jatorria, funtzioa, itxura, gurtza, sinboloak eta parekotasunak laburbiltzen dituzte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabuen jatorria<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu Marduk eta Sarpanituren semea da. <em>Tashmetu<\/em>ren senarra (bitartekaritzaren jainkosa). Babiloniar panteoiaren bigarren belaunaldiko ordena teogonikoan kokatzen da. Tradizio asiriarrean Marduken parean estimatzen zuten; errege asiriarrek askotan <em>Nabu-&#8230;<\/em> elementua zeramaten izenean.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naburen jomuga<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Idazkeraren eta jakintsuen babeslea, idazkarien lanbide-taldea zuzenean haren agindupean zegoen. <em>Patuaren tauletako<\/em> (akadieraz <em>tup \u0161im\u00e2ti<\/em>) zaindaria: horietan idazten dira gizaki eta gauza guztien patuak. Astronomiaren eta praktika zientifikoaren babeslea, astronomo-apaizak (<em>tup\u0161arr\u00fb<\/em>) haren zerbitzari gisa hartzen ziren. Ikasketa- eta eskola-jarduera guztien babeslea zen bere pertsonalean ere <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkotasun edo izaki sakratu bati eskainitako gurtza-egintza guztiak.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultuan<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorfoki, bizar duen gizonezko baten irudian, kapelu-diadema garaia eta jantzi luze eta geruzatua duela. Ezaugarri bereizgarriak: <em>idazteko griffela<\/em> (sumerieraz <em>gi-dub-ba<\/em>) eta <em>buztin-tauletak<\/em>, askotan oinarri batean edo eskuan. Dragoi-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bizidun ezberdinen ezaugarriak biltzen dituen izaki bat.\" tabindex=\"0\">nahasketa-izaki<\/span> <em>Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u<\/em> lagun (Mardukengandik jaso zuena). Glyptikan sarritan eserita agertzen da, buztin-taula belaunean duela. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ideia edo esanahi baten ordezkari gisa jarduten duen ikur bat.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ikur<\/span> estilizatua: idazteko griffela (Caduceus-arekin alderatuta).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Naburen eragina<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Eragin-eremua:<\/strong> Nabu idazle eta jakintsu guztiek deitzen zuten. Idazle-eskolek eguna Nabu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gizakiak jainko bati zuzentzen dion hitzezko keinua.\" tabindex=\"0\">otoitz<\/span> batekin hasten zuten. Norberaren <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko edo izaki sakratu baten gurtza-ekintza guztiak.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultuan<\/span>, patu-idazketa onaren eske egiten zitzaion, <em>tup \u0161im\u00e2ti<\/em>k erabakigarritzat jotzen baitziren.<\/p><p>Nabu-ren Akitu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prozesio erlijioso ospetsua.\" tabindex=\"0\">prozesioa<\/span> Borsippatik Babiloniara (Nisan hilabetean) Mesopotamiako jai herrikoi handienetako bat zen. Erregeek beren erlijiozkotasuna erakusten zuten prozesio horretan parte hartuz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defentsa-moduak<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Idazteko griffela (gi-dub-ba), buztin-taula, kapelu-diadema garaia, dragoia (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u), izar astronomikoak (Merkuriotarra), eskola-tauleen pila. Landareak: tamarixa (idazteko taulak tamarixa-egurrean jartzen ziren), zedro-egurra. Zenbaki sakratua: 14.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Antzeko izakiak<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Thoth<\/em> (Egipto, idazkeraren eta jakinduriaren jainkoa, ia funtzionalki berdina), <em>Hermes<\/em> (Grezia, idazkarien babesle, mezularia), <em>Mercurius<\/em> (Erroma, astronomikoki berdina Merkurio planetaren bitartez), <em>Sarasvati<\/em> (Hinduismoa, jakinduriaren eta idazkeraren jainkosa), <em>Manju\u015bri<\/em> (Budismoa, jakinduriaren <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mahayana budismoan, bere askapena beste izakien alde atzeratzen duen argitutako izaki bat.\">Bodhisattva<\/span>), <em>Mimir<\/em> (Germaniarra, jakinduriaren putzua), <em>Ogma<\/em> (Zeltiarra, Ogham idazkeraren asmatzailea).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Babes-praktika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Gurtza-erritualak<\/h3><p>Nabu, idazkuntzaren eta jakinduriaren jainkoak, bere kultu-zentro nagusia E-zida izenekoa zuen, Borsippan (Babiloniatik 8 km hegoaldera). Bere aita Marduk eta biek aita-seme jainko-bikote zentral bat osatzen zuten.<\/p><p><em>ak\u012btu<\/em> urte berri jaian, Naburen estatua Borsippatik Babiloniara eramaten zen prozesioan, zortzi eguneko jai batean, non erregeak Mardukren aurrean apaltasuna erakusten zuen. Idazle-ikasleek Nabu ohoratzen zuten taula-eskaintzekin (buztinezko konoak, <em>Edubba<\/em> eskola-eguneroko esaldi estandarrekin, ikus Bott\u00e9ro).<\/p><h3>Deiak<\/h3><p>\u00abEriduko Nabu-himnoak\u00bb (BWL 113-115) \u00abr\u0113\u02bei m\u0101ti\u00bb (herrialdearen artzaina) gisa goraipatzen du. Kontratuak sinatzerakoan, Naburen idazluma eta idazteko taula bermetzat deitzen ziren. Idazleen eguneroko idazluma-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gizakiak jainko bati zuzentzen dion hitzezko keinua.\" tabindex=\"0\">otoitzak<\/span> \u00abNab\u00fb \u0161\u016bp\u016b q\u0101t\u012bya\u00bb (Nabu, egizu nire eskuak perfektu) esanez hasten ziren.<\/p><h3>Amuletoak eta babes-sinboloak<\/h3><p>Idazluma (qan-\u1e6duppi) taula batekin, Naburen ikonografia-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ideia edo esanahi baten ordez dagoen zeinua.\" tabindex=\"0\">sinboloa<\/span>, babiloniar eta asiriar muga-harrietan agertzen da (kudurruak, ikus Slanski). Etxe-sarreren azpian jarritako testu inprimatuko buztinezko zilindro apotropaikoek jakintza, idazkuntza eta kontratuak babestu nahi zituzten. Bere animalia sakratua mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u da (suge-dragoia), Babiloniako Ishtar Atean ikus daitekeena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu, beste kulturetako paralelismoak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu egiptoar Thoth-en antzekoa da, biak idazkeraren, jakinduriaren eta hitz magikoen jainkoak dira. Grezierako Hermes-ekin bitartekari-papera eta hizkuntzaren gaineko agintea partekatzen ditu. Tradizio hebrearrean ez dago paralelismo zuzenik, baina figurak <em>Dabar Adonai<\/em> (Jainkoaren hitza) hitzaren ezaugarriak baditu.<\/p><p>Kultura indiarretan, Saraswati-rekin alderatu liteke, hizkuntzaren, arteen eta jakintzaren jainkosarekin. Nabu isiltasunaren bidez galtzen ez den jainko bakarra da, baizik eta bere izena daramaten tauletatik eta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkotasun bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikin bat.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenpluetatik<\/span> galtzen ez dena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp755c94f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp755c94f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9781a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9781a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu eta idazkeraren artea: taularen eta griffelaren jainkoa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3dd17cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3dd17cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp36a4fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp36a4fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu babiloniar eta asiriar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainkoen multzo osoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteoian<\/span> idazkeraren, jakintzaren eta zuhurtziaren jainko gisa zeukaten. Bere ezaugarri nagusia idazteko estilua da, buztinezko taulen gainean idazteko erabiltzen zena.<\/p><p>Testu eta irudietan estiloa eskuan duen jainko gisa agertzen da, eta patuen taulen zaintza ere berari egokitzen zioten, hots, gizakiaren eta munduaren patua idazten zen tauletan.<\/p><p>Eginkizun horrek Nabu-ri leku berezia ematen zion idazkari eta jakintsuen aurrean, Mesopotamian estatus goren eta bereizia zuen taldea baitziren. Idazkari batzuek beren burua Nabu-ren zerbitzari gisa aitortzen zuten, eta liburutegi eta artxiboak bere babespean zeuden.<\/p><p>Asurbanipal errege asiriarraren Nineve-ko liburutegi ospetsua, mesopotamiar literatura gordearen zati handi baten iturria, Nabu-rekin lotuta zegoen, eta buztinezko tauletako kolofoiek jainko hori aipatzen dute bedeinkapen-formuletan.<\/p><p>Idazkera, jakintza eta patuaren arteko lotura ez da kasualitatea. Mesopotamiar pentsamoldean idaztea maila goreneko jarduera zen, idatzitako hitzak iraunkortasuna eta finkotasuna ematen baitizkion.<\/p><p>Idazkera gobernatzen zuen jainkoak, hortaz, finkatzen eta lotesle bihurtzen zenaren gaineko boterea ere zuen. Nabu, beraz, ez zen soilik ofizio bat babesten zuen jainkoa, baizen ordena, finkapena eta behin idatzitakoaren iraupenarekin lotutako indarra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd3da6f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbd3da6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7fa5a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7fa5a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Borsippa eta Urteberri jaia: Nabu-ren prozesioa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp312f496 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp312f496\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8278646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8278646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu-ren kultu-guneetan nagusia Borsippa hiria zen, Babilonia-tik gertu. Han zegoen bere <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplua<\/span>, <em>E-zida<\/em> izenekoa, etxe zuzena edo iraunkorra esan nahi zuena, eta zeinari zigurrat batzuk ere lotuta zeuden.<\/p><p>Borsippa eta Babilonia oso lotuta zeuden elkarren artean, eta hurbiltasun horrek bi jainko nagusien harremanean ere islatzen zen, Nabu Babilonia-ko jainko Marduk-en semea baitzen.<\/p><p>Urteko hasieran ospatzen zen Babilonia-ko Urteberri jai handian, Akitu jaian, Nabu-k rol nabarmena zuen. Nabu-ren <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tenpluan edo hilarrian gurtzen den jainko baten irudi bat.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu-irudia<\/span> Borsippa-tik Babilonia-ra ekartzen zuten ospakizunetan parte hartzeko.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio-prozesio ospetsua.\" tabindex=\"0\">Prozesio<\/span> hori, semea aitarengana eramaten zuena, jaiaren zati funtsezkoa zen. Akitu jaiaren garapena azaltzen duten testuek Nabu-ren etorrera eta parte-hartzea aipatzen dute, eta hiri bien arteko lotura urtero <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Errito bati dagokion, finkatutako erlijio-ekintza baten araberakoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">erritualki<\/span> berritzen zen.<\/p><p>Urteberri jaiak berak dimentsio kosmologiko bat zuen. Munduaren ordenaren berritzeari, erregetzaren berrespenari eta datorren urterako patuen finkatzeari zegokion.<\/p><p>Puntu azken horretan bat egiten zuen jaia Nabu-ren eginkizunarekin, patuen finkatzea idazkerarekin eta patuen tauletarekin estu lotuta baitzegoen. Nabu-k Akitu jaian parte hartzea, hortaz, ez zen soilik Marduk-ekiko hurbiltasun familiarraren adierazpen bat, baizen jainko horrek zeukan esanahiarekin bat zetorren zerbait.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp73f9482 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp73f9482\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfea1510 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfea1510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu-ren gorakada lehen milurtekoan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc85c710 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc85c710\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp92e095d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp92e095d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Naburen kokapena mesopotamiar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura baten jainko guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteoian<\/span> ez zen hasieratik izan geroago izango zuena bezain nabarmena. Ikerketak dio Nabuk bigarren milurtekoan zehar garrantzia irabazi zuela eta gure aroaren aurreko lehen milurtekoan, garai asiriar eta neobabiloniarrean, jainkorik garrantzitsuenetako bat bihurtu zela.<\/p><p>Bere gorakada bere aita Mardukenaren paraleloa izan zen, honen goraipatzea Babiloniako jainko gorena izatera babiloniar erlijio-historiako gertaera zentrala baita.<\/p><p>Naburen garrantzi gero eta handiagoa hainbat froga bidez ikus daiteke. Nabu izena duten errege-izenak ugariak dira lehen milurtekoan, ezagunena Nebukadnezar da, zeinaren izenak Nabu jainkoa baitakar.<\/p><p>Errege asiriarrek Nabu bultzatu zuten, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikin bat.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenpluak<\/span> eraikiarazi zizkioten eta inskripzioetan aipatu zuten. Naburen eta idazle-mailaren eta liburutegien arteko lotura estuak ekarri zuen jainkoak klase kultuan errotze indartsua izatea.<\/p><p>Azken garaietan, babiloniar kultura pertsiar eta gero helenistiar agintepean iraun zuenean, Nabu figura garrantzitsua izaten jarraitu zuen. Borsippako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikin bat.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplua<\/span> denbora luzez zaindua izan zen.<\/p><p>Kuneiforme-kulturaren desagerpen mailakatuarekin, gure aroko lehen mendeetan, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko edo izaki sakratu baten gurtza-ekintza guztiak.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultua<\/span> ere galdu egin zen. Ikerketa modernoarentzat Nabu bereziki bere babespean idatzitako testuen bidez eskuragarri dago, idazkuntzaren jainko bati oso ondo dagokion egoera.<\/p><p>Bere aita <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/marduk\/\">Marduk<\/a> da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura baten jainko guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteoiko<\/span> hurrengo erreferentzia-puntua.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lotura osagarriak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/marduk\/\">Marduk, aita<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/thoth\/\">Thoth, egiptoar pareko jainkoa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/hermes\/\">Hermes, greziar paraleloa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/mesopotamia\/\">Mesopotamia, panteoi-ikuspegi orokorra<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/jainkotasun-nagusiak\/\">Goi-jainkotasunak, azpikategoria<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/jainkoak\/\">Jainkoak, klase-ikuspegi orokorra<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikerketa-bibliografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Pomponio, Francesco: <em>Nab&ucirc;. Il culto e la figura di un dio del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainko guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span> babilonese ed assiro<\/em>. Erroma 1978.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Oxford 1960.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (arg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (&bdquo;Nabu&ldquo; sarrera).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Beste erreferentzia-lan gehiago <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/literatura\/\">bibliografian<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1636,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Nabu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nabu \u2013 Idazkeraren jainkoa eta jainkoen idazkaria","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Idazkeraren jainkoa, patuaren idazkaria, Borsippan zegoen tenplua eta hitzaren jakinduria ezkutua Mesopotamian.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-200513","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nabu \u2013 Idazkeraren jainkoa eta jainkoen idazkaria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Idazkeraren jainkoa, patuaren idazkaria, Borsippan zegoen tenplua eta hitzaren jakinduria ezkutua Mesopotamian.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/nabu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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