{"id":200481,"date":"2026-09-07T14:09:22","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T14:09:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=200481"},"modified":"2026-09-07T14:13:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T14:13:09","slug":"yama-hilen-epaile","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/yama-hilen-epaile\/","title":{"rendered":"Yama (Hilen Epaile)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"200481\" class=\"elementor elementor-200481 elementor-2015 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoa, tradizio budistako jainkoa<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama Budismoa tradizio budistako jainkoa da.<\/p><p><strong>Hildo jainko budista eta arimen epailea heriotzaren ondoren.<\/strong><\/p><p>Yamak budismoan karma-epaile eta infernu-munduen administratzaile gisa jarduten du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkoa \/ Jainkosa: Kultura bateko panteoiko botere gorena pertsonifikatua, eskumen argiekin, natur indarrak, patua, gerra, emankortasuna. Kultuen, sakrifizioen eta tenplu-erakundeen bidez gurtua.\">Jainkoa<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/budismoa\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bodhisattvak, jainko babesleak, gose-espirituak eta infernu-zaindariak dituen tradizio budista.\">Budismoa<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/heriotza-jainkoak\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Azpiko munduaren eta heriotzaren jainkoak, bestaldearen jaunak, hilen epaileak, arimen gidariak.\">Hildo jainkotasuna<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Orrialde honetan ez da izenbururik aurkitu.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-202667\" alt=\"Yama, hildako epailea - Budismo tradizioaren jainkoak, ilustrazio historikoa\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_yama-totenrichter.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Begiratu bat: Yama Budismoa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mota:<\/strong> Jainko nagusi budista (Mahayana, Vajrayana), hilen epailea eta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio indiarretan, jokabidearen irakaspena eta ordena zuzena.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharmaren<\/span> zaindaria<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainko guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteoia<\/span>: Budismoa (eskola guztiak), Yama hinduistatik hartua<br>Funtzioa: hilen epailea, karma-legezkotasunaren zaindaria, tradizio tibetarrean wrathful deity<br>Ezaugarri nagusiak: hildakoen liburua, karmaren ispilua, ezpata (Khadga), lakioa (Pasha), zezen beltza<br>Kultu-leku nagusiak: Gelug ordenaren tibetar monasterioak (Cham dantza), Japonia (Enma-O), Vietnam (Yamaraja)<br>Forma desberdinak: Yama-Dharmaraja (Tibet), Enma-O (Japonia), Yeomra (Korea), Yanluo (Txina)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kokapena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Testuen garaia<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama budismoarekin batera Indiatik herrialde budista guztietara zabaltzen da (aurrekari vediko bat <em>Rigveda<\/em>-n, K.a. 1200tik aurrera). Pali tradizioan (Theravada) hilen epaiketaren azterle nagusia da.<\/p><p>Mahayanan bere <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduismoan eta budismoan, irakaspen laburreko testua.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> multzo propioa du (adib. <em>Devadhamma-Sutta<\/em>). Tibetan K.o. VIII. mendetik aurrera <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> gisa, Vajrayana tradizioko wrathful-deity panteoien erdigunean dago. Loraldi nagusia: tibetar Gelug monasterioetan gaur egun arte ere, Cham dantza ikuskizun dramatikoekin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hedapen-eremua<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kultu-leku nagusiak: tibetar <strong>Gelug monasterioak<\/strong> (Drepung, Sera, Gand\u00e4n, Tashilhunpo, Yama-Dharmaraja-ren Cham dantzekin), <strong>Japonia<\/strong>, Enma-O izenez (hildakoen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplu<\/span> guztietan), <strong>Vietnam<\/strong>, Diem V\u01b0\u01a1ng izenez. Theravada herrialdeetan (Thailandia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka) presentzia kosmiko-atzealde gisa. Txinan <em>Yanluo<\/em> izenez (bere orrialde propioa).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iturri-egoera<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iturri nagusiak: <em>Devadhamma-Sutta<\/em> (pali), <em>Yama <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduismoan eta budismoan, era laburreko irakaspen-testua.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> (txinera), tibetar <em>Bardo Thodol<\/em> (&bdquo;Hildakoen tibetar liburua&ldquo;, Yama Dharmaraja-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio bateko Jainkoaren eta sinesmenaren inguruko irakaspen zientifikoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiaren<\/span> iturri klasikoa), Yama Dharmaraja-sadhanari buruzko testu tantrikoak. Bigarren mailako bibliografia: Lopez, <em>The Tibetan Book of the Dead. A Biography<\/em>; Linrothe, <em>Ruthless Compassion. Wrathful Deities in Early Indo-Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art<\/em>; Williams, <em>Mahayana Buddhism<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama budista sarritan zezen-buru batekin irudikatzen da, adar handiekin, aurpegi izugarriarekin, larru beltz edo urdin ilunarekin. Batzuetan bi edo lau beso ditu. <em>Damaru<\/em> bat (hezur-makila) eta arimen sokaz eginiko lasoa darama.<\/p><p>Bere inguruan deabruak eta yaksha dantzan aritzen dira. Sua inguratzen du; odola tantaz tanta dario ahotik. Tibetar arte-lanetan sarritan haitzulo batean edo Naraka-ko jauregian eserita agertzen da.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izaera-ezaugarriak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama irakaspen budistan zigorra ez da, ispilua baizik. Yama-epailea automatikoa da: ekintza (<em>karma<\/em>) bakoitzak bere ondorioa izango du. Praktika tantrikoetan Yamari ez zaio errukirik eskatzen, aitzitig iragankortasunaren irakasle gisa bisualizatzen da.<\/p><p>Budismo Tibetarreko heriotza-erritualek zuzenean Yamari egiten diote dei, arimari <em>Bardo<\/em>-ko bide onuragarria irekitzeko eskatuz. Praktikatzaileek Yamarekin beldurrik gabe topo egitea ikasten dute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fitxa: Yama Budismoa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama-ren (Budismoa) alderdi garrantzitsuenak begiratu batean. Ondorengo eremuek jatorria, funtzioa, itxura, gurtza, sinboloak eta kultura-paralelismoak laburtzen dituzte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoaren jatorria<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yama budismoan Yama hinduista (lehen hildako vedikoa) hartuz sortzen da, hilen epailearen funtzioa mantentzen du, baina berrinterpretazio budista jasotzen du: ez da epaile arbitrarioa, karmaren ispilu-bitartekari baizik.<\/p><p>Tibetar Bardo Thodol sisteman, heriotzaren eta berjaiotzaren arteko bardo-egoeran hildakoari agertzen zaio, bere ispiluak hildakoari bere karma erakusten dio, Yamak berak epaitu gabe. Zigorra karma-erreakzio propiotik sortzen da. Wrathful formaz, Yama-Dharmaraja gisa: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio indiarretan, jokabidearen irakaspena eta ordena zuzena.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharmaren<\/span> babeslea mehatxu guztien aurka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoaren xede-taldea<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hilen epailea bardo-egoeran. Karma-legezkotasunaren zaindaria. Tradizio tantriko Vajrayanan babes-yidam (meditazio-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio batean jainkotzat gurtutako izakia.\" tabindex=\"0\">jainkotasuna<\/span>) barne eta kanpoko mehatxu guztien aurka, bereziki heriotzaren beldurraren aurka. Azterketa-praktikaren (norbere ekintzak zintzo ikustearena) babeslea. Tibetar Cham dantzetan hilkortasunaren gogorarazpen erritual gisa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoaren itxura<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asiar tradizio gehienetan gizakiaren itxurako funtzionario zorrotza gisa irudikatzen da, hilen liburua eta idazluma eskuan. Tibetar Vajrayana tradizioan <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> gisa: itxura sutsu eta ilun-urdin edo beltza, bufalo-burua, hiru begi, sugar-ilea eta sugar-aureola dituena.<\/p><p>Hezur-apainduraz eta tigre-larruzko gerrikoaz jantzita. Eskuetan garezur-katilua (Kapala), Khatvanga (garezur-zigorra), lakioa (Pasha) eta ezpata darabiltza. Gizaki bat zapaltzen duen bufalo beltz baten gainean bidaiatzen du. Yami arreba lagun du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoaren eragina<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Eragin-eremua:<\/strong> Yama tibetar Bardo-Thodolean bardo-egoerako agerpen gisa espero da, hilzorian daudenak berarekin izango duten topaketarako prestatzen dituzte. Tibetar Cham dantzetan hilen epailearekin errituzko aurrez aurrekoa gauzatzen da (maskara dramatikoekin). Praktika tantrikoan Yidam babesle gisa meditatzen da. Theravada eta Mahayana hil-erritoetan karmaren atzeko bitartekari gisa agertzen da. Japonian Enma-O izenez ezagutzen da eta budista hilerri guztietan funtsezko irudia da.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoaren babesa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hilen liburua, Karmaren ispilua (Karma-Darpana), ezpata (Khadga), lakioa (Pasha), bufalo beltza (mendura-animalia), Khatvanga (garezur-zigorra), Kapala (garezur-katilua), bufalo-burua (tibetar itxura sutsuan), hirugarren begia, sugar-ilea. Landare sakratuak: berariazkorik ez. Norabide sakratua: hegoaldea (tradizio indiarrean).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoaren parekoak<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Yama<\/em> (Hinduismoa, sustraia), <em>Yamaraja<\/em> (Hinduismoa \/ Budismoa), <em>Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> (Tibet, Vajrayana itxura sutsua), <em>Enma-O<\/em> (Japonia), <em>Yeomra<\/em> (Korea), <em>Yanluo<\/em> (Txina, Hamar Infernuko Erregeen artean lehena), <em>Hades<\/em> (Grezia), <em>Anubis\/Osiris<\/em> (Egipto, gidaria + epailea), <em>Hel<\/em> (Germaniarra), <em>Mictlantecuhtli<\/em> (Azteka). Yama munduan zabalduena dagoen jainko-kontzeptuetako bat da (Indiatik Asia osoan zehar Japoniara arte).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Babes praktikoa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Babeserako erritualak<\/strong><\/p><p>Yama babesteko budista <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Esanahi erlijioso edo kulturalen dituen ekintza sinbolikoen segida arautua.\" tabindex=\"0\">erritual<\/span>a: Dharani testuen eta Bodhisattva deiaditzen errezitazioa arriskuko garaietan (hil-prozesuan, heriotzatik hurbileko esperientzietan). Goma sugar-erritualek (tibetar sugar-eskaintzak) Yamaren zigorraren aurka egiten dute. Kantu-tradizioek jainko errukitsuen mantrak erabiltzen dituzte, Yamaren epaiak leuntzeko. Txinako budista herri-praktika: Jade Enperadorearen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainko bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplu<\/span>etan paper-txartelak, Yama epailea baretzeko.<\/p><p><strong>Sortaldeak eta deiadarrak<\/strong><\/p><p>Jizo mantrak (infernuko Bodhisattva) eta Avalokiteshvara deiadarrak Yamaren zigorraren aurkako babes gisa hartzen dira. Errukiaren <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduismoan eta budismoan, forma laburreko irakaspen-testua.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> Handia (Karuna-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hinduismoan eta budismoan, forma laburreko irakaspen-testua.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>) errezitatzen da. Tibetera: Yamantaka bisualizazioa Guhyasamaja Tantran, Yama garaitzeko era agresiboa, &#8220;Yamantaka deabru-menperatzaile&#8221;aren bidez. Sanskritozko jatorrizko testua: \u00abOm j\u00f1ana-jyoti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"India erlijioetan, ekintzaren irakaspena eta zuzeneko ordena.\" tabindex=\"0\">dharma<\/span> dhara Yamantaka hum phat\u00bb.<\/p><p><strong>Amuletoak eta babes-sinboloak<\/strong><\/p><p>Jizo estatuak babes-sinbolo gisa txinar-japoniar tenpluetan. Budista eskumuturrekoa (Mala) 108 aletan, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erritual-jokabide erlijioso finkatu bati dagokiona.\" tabindex=\"0\">erritualki<\/span> lotuta infernuko zaindarien baretzearekin. Aztarna arkeologikoak: 7. mendeko budista estela-harriak Txina eta Korean, Yama epailea eta Bodhisattva erreskatatzaileak elkarren aurrean jartzen dituztenak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Budismoa, parekoak beste kulturetan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Budista Yama hinduista Yamaren antzekoa da, baina \u00abepaile\u00bb baino gehiago \u00ablegearen gorpuztea\u00bb da. Kristau Heriotzarekin (<em>Thanatos<\/em> edo <em>Grim Reaper<\/em>) saihestezintasuna partekatzen du.<\/p><p>Testuinguru tibetarrean Yama Dharmapala bat da, \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"India erlijioetan, ekintzaren irakaspena eta zuzeneko ordena.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span>ren zaindaria\u00bb, Hinduismoko Kali edo Bhairavaren antzera. Kolore beltza eta itxura basatia heriotza-jainkoentzat unibersalak dira.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfc795b0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpfc795b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcfb77e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpcfb77e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama, oinordetza vedikoaren eta berrinterpretazio budistaren artean<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp680eb01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp680eb01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4042dbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4042dbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Budista Yamaren irudia ez da bere kabuz sortu, indiar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio bateko jainkotzat gurtutako izakia.\" tabindex=\"0\">jainkotasun<\/span> zaharrago batetik eratorria baizik. India vedikoan, <em>Rigveda<\/em>ren hymnoetan, Yama hil zen lehen gizakia da, eta horrenbestez hilen erregea, bestearoranzko bidea aurkitu zuena.<\/p><p>Arbaso hilen biltzen diren argi-eremu batean agintzen du, eta hilen hartzaile lagunkoia da, epaile zigortzailea baino gehiago.<\/p><p>Budismoak Yama hartu zuen, baina bere funtzioa nabarmen aldatu zuen. Budista <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kultura bateko munduaren eraketa eta ordenaren kontzeptua.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologia<\/span>n Yama azpiko munduaren jaun eta hilen berrjaiotza erabakitzen duen epaile bihurtzen da, batez ere infernuko esparruetara nor sartzen den erabakitzeko.<\/p><p>Zoriontsuen hartzailetik errudunen epailera aldatze hori budismoaren funtsezko irakaspenarekin, <em>karma<\/em>rekin lotuta dago: heriotza ondorengo zoria egintzetatik dator, eta Yama harreman hori adierazten duen instantzia bihurtzen da.<\/p><p>Erlijio zientziaren ikuspegitik garrantzitsua da jakitea Yamak, budista ulermen zorrotzean, ez duela bere kabuz epaitzen. Testuek berriz eta berriz azpimarratzen dute <em>karma<\/em>k berak erabakitzen duela berrjaiotza, eta Yama hildakoari bere egintzak berak erakusten dizkiola gehiago.<\/p><p>Pali kanoiaren <em>Devaduta Sutta<\/em>ko alegoria ezagun batean Yamak hildakoari jainkozko mandatariak erakusten dizkio, zahartzaroa, gaixotasuna eta heriotza, eta galdetzen dio ohar horiek ez ote zituen konturatu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcdbb663 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcdbb663\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp67c8373 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp67c8373\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama budismo tibetarrean eta bizitzaren gurpila<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc472e02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc472e02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa4c936b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa4c936b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tibetar budismoan, Yamak ikonografia eta erritual esanahi bereziki nabarmena hartu zuen. Hemen gehienetan <em>Shinje<\/em> gisa agertzen da, itxura beldurgarrian, zezen buruarekin, garrezko koroarekin eta hildakoen epaile baten ezaugarriekin, sarritan zezen baten gainean zutik.<\/p><p>Bereziki ezaguna da bere irudikapena Bizitzaren Gurpil deiturikoan, <em>Bhavachakra<\/em>n. Hedaturik dagoen konposizio irudi honetan, monasterio askoren sarreran agertzen denean, hortz erakusten dituen izaki handi batek existentziaren sei esparruen gurpila atzaparrekin eta hortzekin hartuta dauka.<\/p><p>Bere baitan gurpila estutzen duen izaki hori normalean Yama gisa interpretatzen da, iraungikortasunaren eta heriotzaren gorpuztetzat, baldintzatutako existentzia-forma guztiak menpean dituenez. Irudiak erakusten du berrjaiotze-esparru guztiak, zeruak barne, heriotzaren eta, ondorioz, Yamaren esku-ukituaren menpe daudela dioen irakaspena.<\/p><p>Horrez gain, tradizio tibetarrak Yamantakaren irudi meditatiboa ezagutzen du, zeinaren izenak Yama menperatzailea edo heriotzaren amaitzailea esan nahi duen. Yamantaka Manjushri Bodhisattvaren agerpen amorratsutzat hartzen da eta heriotza bera gainditzen duen jakinduria gorpuzten du.<\/p><p>Konstelazio horretan Yamaren jarrera anbibalentea agerian geratzen da: heriotzaren jauna da, baina aldi berean esnatzean gainditu daitekeen indarra ere bai. Ikerketak Yamaren tibetar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Irudien edukiei eta haien esanahiari buruzko irakaspena.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografia<\/span> aberatsean indiar ereduen eta mendi- eta hildakoen jainkotasunen lokaleko tibetar sinesmenen bat-egitea ikusten du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp43aed0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp43aed0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb86525 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdb86525\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yama Asia Ekialdean: jainko indiarretik Enma infernuko epailera<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b79416 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b79416\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc5df073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc5df073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Budismoa Txinara, Korea eta Japoniara zabaltzearekin batera, Yama ere hedatu zen eta bertako beste mundu buruzko sinesmenetan sakon txertatu zen. Txinan, irudi indiarra lurpeko mundu antolakuntza burokratikoaren sinesmenekin bat egin zuen eta Yanluo Wang, Yanluo erregea bihurtu zen, lurpeko mundua zuzentzen duten hamar infernuko errege bakoitzak epaimahai bat gidatzen duen sistema batean.<\/p><p>Lurpeko Hamar Errege horiek hildakoak jarraiko instantzietan aztertzen dituzte, eta hildakoa hurrenez hurren pasatzen da haietatik, bere hurrengo existentziari buruzko erabakia hartu aurretik. Yanluo Wangek gehienetan bosgarren erregearen lekua hartzen du. Sistema osoak lurreko funtzionario-hierarkiarekin izandako esperientzia islatzen du, erregistroekin, epaiekin eta zigor-mailekin.<\/p><p>Japonian irudi hori Enma edo Enma-\u014d gisa hartu zen, eta Korean Yeomra gisa. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/enma-o\/\">Enma<\/a> Japoniako herri-erlijioan ezaguna den figura da, sarritan aurpegi gorriztaduna, epaile-buruko estalkia eta hildakoaren egintzak ikusarazten dituen idazteko taula edo ispilu batekin irudikatua.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijioak konparatiboki eta sinesmen-lotura gabe aztertzen dituen zientzia.\" tabindex=\"0\">Erlijio-zientziak<\/span> azpimarratzen du Asia Ekialdeko formak eredu indiarra asko gainditzen dutela, eta han Yama beste mundu buruzko sinesmen herrikoien osagai finko bihurtu zela, budismoaren, taoismoaren eta erlijio herrikoiaren elementuak lotuz. Bedikoen argi-izaeratik indiar-budista epailera eta handik Asia Ekialdeko infernuko funtzionariora izandako eraldaketa kultura-transferentzia erlijiosoaren adibide argia da.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lotura osagarriak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/yama\/\">Yama (Hinduismoa), sustraia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/yamaraja\/\">Yamaraja, ahaidetutako forma<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/enma-o\/\">Enma-O, japoniar forma<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/yeomra\/\">Yeomra, korear forma<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/yanluo\/\">Yanluo, txinatar forma<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/budismoa\/\">Budismoa, panteoi-laburpena<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/heriotza-jainkoak\/\">Hildakoen jainkotasunak, azpikategoria<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliografia (aukeraketa)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lopez, Donald S.: <em>The Tibetan Book of the Dead. A Biography<\/em>. Princeton 2011.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Williams, Paul: <em>Mahayana Buddhism. The Doctrinal Foundations<\/em>. London 1989.<\/span><\/li><li>Bardo Thodol (itzulpen ugari, adib. Coleman\/Jinpa\/Dorje 2005).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (&bdquo;Yama&ldquo; sarrera).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Bibliografia gehiago <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/literatura\/\">Bibliografian<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1740,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yama Budismoa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yama \u2013 Hildo jainko budista eta karma-epailea","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yama budismoan: zezen-burua, bardo-epailea eta karmaren betearaztea. Bere zeregina Bardo Thodol tibetar Hildakoen Liburuan.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-200481","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yama \u2013 Hildo jainko budista eta karma-epailea<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yama budismoan: zezen-burua, bardo-epailea eta karmaren betearaztea. 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