{"id":200287,"date":"2026-09-07T14:08:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T14:08:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=200287"},"modified":"2026-09-07T14:13:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T14:13:09","slug":"mesopotamia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/mesopotamia\/","title":{"rendered":"Mesopotamia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"200287\" class=\"elementor elementor-200287 elementor-611\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-hero-rebuilt-mesopo iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-hero-rebuilt-mesopo\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-khleft-mesopo iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"khleft-mesopo\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-h1-mesopotamien elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-h1-mesopotamien\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mesopotamiako jainkoak, Sumer, Babilonia eta Bi Ibaien Lurraldea<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-hero-lead-mesopo e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-hero-lead-mesopo\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-hero-lead-mesopo e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-hero-lead-mesopo\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-lead-mesopotamien elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-lead-mesopotamien\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nMesopotamiako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kultura bateko jainkoen eta kondairen kontakizunen multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiako<\/span> izakiak iWell Guard-en. K. a. 3000. urte inguru eta K. a. 500. urte inguru artean garatu zen sumeriar-akkadiar jainko eta demonio-munduak gizadiaren historiako idatzizko erlijio dokumentaturik zaharrena osatzen du. Anu zerueko jainko gisa zegoen jarlekuan, Nanna ilargi-jainkoak (Akkaden Sin izenez) gaua zaintzen zuen, eta Marduk Babiloniako jainko nagusia bilakatu zen. Horrez gain, Mesopotamiako erlijioak demonologia oso garatua ezagutzen zuen: Lamashtu, Pazuzu, Gallu eta beste kalte-izaki batzuek babes-erritu eta xantzu-formula sistema propioa eskatzen zuten.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-hero-toc-mesopo e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-hero-toc-mesopo\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-hero-toc-mesopo e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-hero-toc-mesopo\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-toc-mesopotamien elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-toc-mesopotamien\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Orri honen edukia:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"#k-mesopotamien-h1\">Kokapena<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x-mesopotamien-h100\">Historia eta panteoia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x-mesopotamien-h101\">Izakiak eguneroko bizitzan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x-mesopotamien-h102\">Gaur egungo esanahia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#k-mesopotamien-h2\">Jainkoak (11)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#k-mesopotamien-h3\">Demonioak (6)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#k-mesopotamien-h4\">Espirituak (1)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4451f85\">Sakontzeko<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-khrght-mesopo iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"khrght-mesopo\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-img-mesopotamien iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"k-img-mesopotamien\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_anu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-202652\" alt=\"Anu - Mesopotamiar tradizioko jainkoak, ikuspegi historiko-ilustratiboa\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_anu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_anu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_anu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_anu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-clstrsec-aj12-mesopota e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"clstrsec-aj12-mesopota\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-clstrh2-aj12-mesopo elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"clstrh2-aj12-mesopo\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sumeriar tauletak eta akkadiar jainkoak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj12-cluster-text-mesopota e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj12-cluster-text-mesopota\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj12-cluster-text-mesopo-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aj12-cluster-text-mesopo-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamia erlijio dokumentatuaren jaiotza-lekua da. Bi Ibaien Lurraldetik datoz idatziz gorde diren jainko-zerrenda, sorrera-mito eta xantzu-formula zaharrenak, K. a. IV. milurtekoaren azken aldetik hasita kuneiforme-idazkeraz buztin-taulatan idatzita.<\/p><p>Sumeriera eta akkadiera ez dira soilik hizkuntzak, panteoi bereko bi geruza baizik: Inanna Ishtar bihurtzen da, Enlil Ellil, Utu Shamash.<\/p>\n<p>Sistema hierarkikoa eta hiri-oinarrikoa da. Sumeriar hiri bakoitzak babes-jainko bat zuen tenplu-multzoan (Eridu, Enkirekin; Uruk, Inannarekin; Nippur, Enlilekin), eta hiriaren garrantzi politikoak bere jainkoaren posizioa islatzen zuen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainkoen multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteoian<\/span>.<\/p><p>Tenpluko inbentarioek ekonomia eta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio bateko jainkoaz eta sinesmenaz aritzen den jakintza zientifikoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> ere agerian jartzen dituzte: eskaintza-zerrendak, jainko-erregistroak eta kultu-testu erritualak.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Demonologia bereziki garatua da<\/strong>. Mesopotamiak Europako Erdi Aroraino iritsi ziren kontzeptu eta izaki-klaseak sortu zituen: Lamashtu haurren hiltzailea, Pazuzu haren aurkari anbibalentea, Gallu heriotza-munduko kaptorea. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"K. a. I. milurtekoko akkadiar xantzu-sail; sorginkeriaren aurkako erritu-bilduma mesopotamiar zabalena.\">Maqlu<\/span> eta Surpu xantzu-sailek babes-praktika xehetasunez dokumentatzen dute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-s1 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kokapena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0001 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0001\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-t1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-t1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamiako kulturek K. a. 5500. urte inguru (Ubaid aldia) eta Alexandroren ondorengo helenizazioa (K. a. 330) arteko denbora-tartea hartzen dute. Beren eremua Bi Ibaien Lurraldera (Sumer, Akkad, Babilonia, Asiria) eta inguruko lurraldeetara zabaltzen da.<\/p><p>Praktika erlijiosoak denboran zehar aldatu ziren, baina panteoi eta erritu-egitura koherenteak erakutsi zituzten. Iturri arkeologikoek (kuneiforme-idazkera, arte-monumentuak) eta tradizio literarioek (Enuma Elish, Gilgamesh Epopeia) tradizio horiek aniztasun handiz dokumentatzen dituzte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-s100 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-s100\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-h100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-h100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historia eta panteoia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0002 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0002\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-t100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-t100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamiako erlijioa idatziz dokumentatutako erlijio-sistemarik zaharrena da (K. a. 3000. urte ingurutik). Hainbat geruza kultural igaro zituen: sumeriarra, akkadiarra, babiloniarra eta asiriarra. Hiri-jainkoak funtsezkoak ziren, hiri-estatu bakoitzak babesle jainkotasun bat gurtzen zuen.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainkoen multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteoia<\/span> hierarkikoa zen: An zerueko jainkoa, Enlil haizearen jainkoa, Enki uraren jainkoa eta, geroago, Marduk jainko nagusi gisa Enuma Elish-en arabera. Sorrera-mitoak (Enuma Elish) ordenaren (Marduk) eta kaosaren (Tiamat) arteko borroka kosmikoa deskribatzen du. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkotasun bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tenpluak<\/span> administrazio-, ekonomia- eta kultu-guneak ziren aldi berean.<\/p><p>Persiar konkistarekin (K. a. 539) erlijio tradizionala pixkanaka desagertu zen. Kuneiforme-taulen bidezko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belaunaldiz belaunaldi jakintza eta kondairak igarotzea.\" tabindex=\"0\">transmisioa<\/span> oparoa da, baina zatikatua, eta sistema oso hierarkizatua eta eskualdez eskualde desberdina zen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-s101 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-s101\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-h101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-h101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izakiak eguneroko bizitzan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0003 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0003\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-t101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-t101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamiako tenplu-kultuak apaiz-erregeen esku zeuden: eguneroko eskaintza-erritualak eta ordena kosmikoa mantentzeko erritualak. Espiritu eta demonio gaiztoen aurkako exorzismoak kuneiforme-idazkeran dokumentatuta daude, halaber igarleak eta zeinu-interpretatzaileak (haruspexak), mezu gainnaturalak transmititzen zituztenak.<\/p><p>Babes-espiritu eta arbasoen etxeko kultua zabaldua zegoen; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ekintza edo formula berezien bidez gauzen bilakaeran esku hartu nahi duten praktikak.\" tabindex=\"0\">magia<\/span> eta xantzuak taulatan agertzen dira. Trantzea eta profezia dokumentatuta daude, baina beren zabalera argi ez dago. Apaizek adituek bezala kudeatzen zuten gainnaturalari buruzko jakintza.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkotasun bati esker onak, eskeak edo gurtza adierazteko ematen zaion oparia.\" tabindex=\"0\">Eskaintzak<\/span> (animalia-eskaintzak, garia, libazioak) eguneroko praktika ziren, eta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkotasun bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenpluak<\/span> sendaketa- eta babes-gune gisa balio zuten. Gainnaturalarekiko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Eguneroko bizitzan zabaldutako uste eta ohitura erlijiosoak.\" tabindex=\"0\">herri-sinesmena<\/span> zabaldua zegoen, baina apaiz-erlijioa baino gutxiago dokumentatuta literaturan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-s102 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-s102\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-h102 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-h102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gaur egungo esanahia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0004 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0004\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-t102 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-t102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamiako erlijioa erabat desagertu da; zoroastrismoak, kristautasunak eta islamak ordezkatu zuten. Akademikoki eta arkeologikoki oso ikertua izan da, eta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijioak konparaziozko ikuspegitik eta sinesmen-loturarik gabe ikertzen dituen zientzia.\" tabindex=\"0\">erlijio-zientzia<\/span> konparatiboaren iturri; Gilgamesh Epopeia bezalako literatura-klasikoak kultura-altxor dira.<\/p><p>Mendebaldeko esoteriko-giroek babiloniar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gauzen ibilbidean ekintza edo formula bereziekin eragiten saiatzen diren praktikak.\" tabindex=\"0\">magia<\/span> eta ustezko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Judu mistizismoaren korrontea, Sefer Jezira eta Sohar bezalako lan nagusiekin.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbala<\/span>rekiko loturak erromantizatzen dituzte. Kultura popularrak Mesopotamiako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kultura bateko jainko-istorio transmititu guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> gutxitan baina gero eta gehiago erabiltzen du (Dungeons &#038; Dragons, Lovecraft).<\/p><p>Berreraiketa iturri-eskasiak mugatzen du. Kuinatezko idazkeraren sinbologia noizean behin esoterikoki eta eskuin muturretik instrumentalizatzen da; harrera zientifikoa lasaia eta historiko-kritikoa izaten jarraitzen du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-s2 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-h2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-h2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jainkoak (17)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0005 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0005\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-t2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-t2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/anu\/\" aria-label=\"Anu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_anu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Anu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Anu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/enki\/\" aria-label=\"Enki\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_enki-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Enki\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Enki<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/ereshkigal\/\" aria-label=\"Ereshkigal\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Ereshkigal\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Ereshkigal<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/ishtar\/\" aria-label=\"Ishtar\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Ishtar\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Ishtar<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/marduk\/\" aria-label=\"Marduk\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_marduk-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Marduk\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Marduk<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/nabu\/\" aria-label=\"Nabu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Nabu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Nabu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/nergal\/\" aria-label=\"Nergal\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nergal-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Nergal\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Nergal<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/shamash\/\" aria-label=\"Shamash\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_shamash-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Shamash\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Shamash<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/tiamat\/\" aria-label=\"Tiamat\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Tiamat\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Tiamat<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/enlil-ekaitz-jainkoa-panteonaren-jauna\/\" aria-label=\"Enlil \u2013 ekaitz-jainkoa eta panteonaren jauna\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_enlil-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Enlil \u2013 ekaitz-jainkoa eta panteonaren jauna\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Enlil \u2013 ekaitz-jainkoa eta panteonaren jauna<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/sin-ilargi-jainkoa-ur-harran\/\" aria-label=\"Sin \u2013 Ur eta Harraneko ilargi-jainkoa\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_sin-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Sin \u2013 Ur eta Harraneko ilargi-jainkoa\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Sin \u2013 Ur eta Harraneko ilargi-jainkoa<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/ninurta\/\" aria-label=\"Ninurta\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_ninurta-1-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Ninurta\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Ninurta<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/ninhursag\/\" aria-label=\"Ninhursag\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_ninhursag-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Ninhursag\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Ninhursag<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/dumuzi\/\" aria-label=\"Dumuzi\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_dumuzi-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Dumuzi\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Dumuzi<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/gula\/\" aria-label=\"Gula\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gula-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Gula\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Gula<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/gilgamesh\/\" aria-label=\"Gilgamesh\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_gilgamesh-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Gilgamesh\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Gilgamesh<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/ea\/\" aria-label=\"Ea\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_mesopotamien_ea-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Ea\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Ea<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-s3 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-h3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-h3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Deabruak (6)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0006 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0006\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-t3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-t3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/gallu\/\" aria-label=\"Gallu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_gallu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Gallu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Gallu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/lamashtu\/\" aria-label=\"Lamashtu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_lamashtu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Lamashtu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Lamashtu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/lilu-eta-lilitu\/\" aria-label=\"Lil\u00fb eta Lil\u012btu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_lilu-und-lilitu-1-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Lil\u00fb eta Lil\u012btu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Lil\u00fb eta Lil\u012btu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/pazuzu\/\" aria-label=\"Pazuzu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_pazuzu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Pazuzu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Pazuzu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/rabisu\/\" aria-label=\"Rabisu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_mesopotamien_rabisu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Rabisu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Rabisu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/utukku-hildako-izpirituak-deabruak\/\" aria-label=\"Utukku \u2013 Hildako izpirituak eta azpimundu-deabruak\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/daemonen_mesopotamien_utukku-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Utukku \u2013 Hildako izpirituak eta azpimundu-deabruak\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Utukku \u2013 Hildako izpirituak eta azpimundu-deabruak<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-s4 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-h4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-h4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izpirituak (1)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0007 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0007\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-mesopotamien-t4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-mesopotamien-t4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/edimmu\/\" aria-label=\"Edimmu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_mesopotamien_edimmu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Edimmu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Edimmu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Izakira joan<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-s-faq e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-s-faq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-h-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-h-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mesopotamiako jainkoei buruzko galdera ohikoak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0004 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0004\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-mesopotamien-t-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-mesopotamien-t-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Zenbat jainko mesopotamiar daude?<\/h3>\n<p>Mesopotamiar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainko guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteoiak<\/span> ehunka jainko izendun ditu, sumeriarrak, akkadiarrak, babiloniarrak eta asiriarrak batera hartuta. An:Anum jainko-zerrenda garrantzitsuenak 2.000 jainko inguru aipatzen ditu, horietako asko jainko nagusi berberen agerpen edo alderdi lokal soilak.<\/p><p>Jainko nagusi zentralak, ordea, 12 eta 20 bitartekoak dira: Anu, Enlil, Enki\/Ea, Ninhursag, Nanna\/Sin, Utu\/Shamash, Inanna\/Ishtar, Adad, Ninurta, Marduk, Nabu, Nergal eta Ereshkigal.<\/p>\n<h3>Nor da jainko mesopotamiar nagusia?<\/h3>\n<p>Sumerian, Enlil (ekaitzaren jainkoa, panteoiaren jauna) zen jainko boteretsuena, Anu (zerua) izanik nominalki buru. Babiloniar Inperioan (K.a. 1800 inguru aurrera), Marduk-ek Enlil ordezkatu zuen jainko nagusi gisa; Enuma Elish sorrera-poema mardukiar propaganda da.<\/p><p>Asirian, A\u0161\u0161ur zen jainko gorena. Aldaketa horiek botere-aldaketa politikoak islatzen dituzte: jainko nagusia hiri agintean dagoenaren araberakoa da.<\/p>\n<h3>Zer da mesopotamiarren jainko-triada?<\/h3>\n<p>Triada jatorrizkoa Anu (zerua), Enlil (lurra\/ekaitza) eta Enki\/Ea (ura\/jakinduria) da, kosmosaren hiru esparruak. Horrez gain, triada astral bat dago: Nanna\/Sin (ilargia), Utu\/Shamash (eguzkia) eta Inanna\/Ishtar (Artizarra). Sei jainko horiek osatzen dute goiko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio edo kultura bateko jainko guztien multzoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteoia<\/span>, ia mesopotamiar hiri guztietan gurtua.<\/p>\n<h3>Zer da Enuma Elish?<\/h3>\n<p>Enuma Elish (&#8220;Goian&#8230;&#8221;, hasierako hitzen arabera izendatua) babiloniar sorrera-poema da. Kontatzen du nola Apsu eta Tiamat lehen uretatik jainkoak sortu ziren, nola Tiamatek eta bere kumeek jainkoei erasotu zieten, eta nola Marduk-ek azkenean garaitu zituen. Tiamaten gorputzetik zerua eta lurra egin zituen.<\/p><p>Poemak Marduk-en nagusitasuna legitimatzen du eta babiloniar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Erlijio bateko jainkoaz eta sinesmenaz arduratzen den irakaskuntza zientifikoa.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiaren<\/span> iturri garrantzitsuena da. K.a. 1100 inguru idatzi zen.<\/p>\n<h3>Zein mito iristen dira Mesopotamiatik Bibliara?<\/h3>\n<p>Hainbat kontaera biblikok mesopotamiar eredu dute: uholde handia (Gilgamesh Poemaren XI. taula, Atrahasis Poema), gizakia buztinetik sortzea (Enki eta Ninhursag), Babelgo dorrea (zikkurat tradizioa), paradisua (Dilmun-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkoei, jatorriei eta munduaren ordenari buruzko kontaera transmitituak.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitoa<\/span>) eta Behemoth\/Leviatan (Tiamaten erreferentzia).<\/p><p>Ikerketak Genesiaren eta Salmoen testuetan geruza mesopotamiar zabala ikusten du, babiloniar erbestearen bidez helarazia.<\/p>\n<h3>Zer bereizten ditu jainkoak, deabruak eta izpirituak?<\/h3>\n<p>Jainkoak (ilu\/dingir) hilezkorrak dira, tenpluetan gurtzen dira eta gizakien gainetik daude. Deabruak (rabi\u1e63u, gallu, \u0161\u0113du, lama\u0161tu) izaki bitarteko anbibalenteak dira: batzuek etxeak babesten dituzte (lamassu\/\u0161\u0113du), beste batzuek gaixotasuna eta zoritxarra dakarte (Lamashtu haurtxoentzat, Pazuzu, paradoxikoki, Lamashtuen aurka).<\/p><p>Izpirituak (e\u1e6demmu) hildakoen arimak dira, atsekabetuta itzul daitezkeenak; hilobiratze errituekin eta janari-eskaintzekin zaintzen zituzten.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Wie viele mesopotamische G\u00f6tter gibt es?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Das mesopotamische Pantheon kennt einige hundert namentliche G\u00f6tter, sumerisch, akkadisch, babylonisch und assyrisch zusammengenommen. Die wichtigste G\u00f6tterliste An:Anum nennt rund 2.000 G\u00f6tter, viele davon Manifestationen oder Lokalaspekte derselben Hauptg\u00f6tter. Die zentralen Hauptg\u00f6tter z\u00e4hlen aber 12 bis 20: Anu, Enlil, Enki\/Ea, Ninhursag, Nanna\/Sin, Utu\/Shamash, Inanna\/Ishtar, Adad, Ninurta, Marduk, Nabu, Nergal und Ereshkigal.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Wer ist der oberste mesopotamische Gott?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In Sumer war Enlil (Sturmgott, Herr des Pantheons) der m\u00e4chtigste Gott, mit Anu (Himmel) als nominellem Oberhaupt. Im Babylonischen Reich (ab ca. 1800 v. Chr.) l\u00f6ste Marduk Enlil als Hauptgott ab; das Sch\u00f6pfungsepos Enuma Elish ist mardukische Propaganda. In Assyrien war A\u0161\u0161ur h\u00f6chster Gott. Diese Verschiebungen spiegeln politische Machtwechsel: Der Hauptgott folgt der jeweils herrschenden Stadt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was ist die G\u00f6tter-Trias der Mesopotamier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Die urspr\u00fcngliche Trias ist Anu (Himmel), Enlil (Erde\/Sturm) und Enki\/Ea (Wasser\/Weisheit), die drei Bereiche des Kosmos. Daneben gibt es die Astral-Trias Nanna\/Sin (Mond), Utu\/Shamash (Sonne) und Inanna\/Ishtar (Venus). Diese sechs G\u00f6tter bilden das obere Pantheon, das in fast jeder mesopotamischen Stadt verehrt wurde.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was ist das Enuma Elish?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Das Enuma Elish (\u201eAls oben \u2026\\\", nach den Anfangsworten) ist das babylonische Sch\u00f6pfungsepos. Es schildert, wie aus den Urgew\u00e4ssern Apsu und Tiamat die G\u00f6tter entstanden, wie Tiamat und ihre Brut die G\u00f6tter angriffen und wie Marduk sie schlie\u00dflich besiegte. Aus Tiamats Leib formte er Himmel und Erde. Das Epos legitimiert Marduks Vorrang und ist die wichtigste Quelle der babylonischen Theologie. Geschrieben wurde es um 1100 v. Chr.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Welche Mythen kommen aus Mesopotamien in die Bibel?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Mehrere biblische Erz\u00e4hlungen haben mesopotamische Vorbilder: die Sintflut (Gilgamesch-Epos Tafel XI, Atrahasis-Epos), die Erschaffung des Menschen aus Lehm (Enki und Ninhursag), der Turm zu Babel (Zikkurat-Tradition), das Paradies (Dilmun-Mythos) und Behemoth\/Leviathan (Tiamat-Bezug). Die Forschung sieht eine breite mesopotamische Schicht in den Texten der Genesis und der Psalmen, vermittelt durch das babylonische Exil.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was unterscheidet G\u00f6tter, D\u00e4monen und Geister?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"G\u00f6tter (ilu\/dingir) sind unsterblich, werden in Tempeln verehrt und stehen \u00fcber den Menschen. D\u00e4monen (rabi\u1e63u, gallu, \u0161\u0113du, lama\u0161tu) sind ambivalente Zwischenwesen: Manche sch\u00fctzen H\u00e4user (lamassu\/\u0161\u0113du), andere bringen Krankheit und Ungl\u00fcck (Lamashtu f\u00fcr S\u00e4uglinge, Pazuzu paradoxerweise gegen Lamashtu). Geister (e\u1e6demmu) sind die Seelen der Verstorbenen, die unzufrieden zur\u00fcckkehren k\u00f6nnen; man versorgte sie mit Bestattungsriten und Speiseopfern.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Zer da erlijio mesopotamiarra?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Erlijio mesopotamiarra sumeriar, akkadiar, babiloniar eta asiriar kulturen sinesmen-sistema politeista da, K.a. 3000 eta 500 bitartean garatua.<\/p><p>Idatziz dokumentatutako erlijio zaharrena da eta ehunka jainko izendun ditu, demonologia landu bat eta babes-praktika zabala <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Boterea deitzeko edo lotzeko hitzezko errituala.\" tabindex=\"0\">azken-esana<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Efektu babesle eta zorigaitza uxatzailea egotzia zaion janzten den objektua.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuletoaren<\/span> eta tenplu-erritualen bidez.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4adf9c2 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4adf9c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4451f85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4451f85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sakontzea<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc11cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc11cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hiri-estatuak eta jainkoen hierarkia<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-0008 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-0008\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0175a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0175a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamia lehen erlijio nagusien sehaska da. Sumer, Akkad, Babilonia eta Asiriak beren identitatea tenplu-hirien inguruan eraiki zuten, eta bakoitzean hiri-jainko batek agintzen zuen: Enki\/Ea Eridun, Inanna\/I\u0161tar Uruken, Marduk Babilonian, A\u0161\u0161ur A\u0161\u0161urren.<\/p><p>Babiloniak Hammurabiren garaian gorakada izan zuenean, Marduk gailenetara igo zen; En\u016bma eli\u0161ek mitologikoki kontatzen du nola garaitu zuen Tiamat jainkosa primitiboa eta nola sortu zuen kosmosa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af9ec3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af9ec3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Idazkera eta transmisioa<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bw-5a3200f-7c18734 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bw-5a3200f-7c18734\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3200f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3200f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kuinaskritzko idazkera, K.a. IV. milurtekoaren azken aldera garatua, Mesopotamia testu bidez ezagutzen dugun lehen erlijio bihurtu zuen. Sumerierazko hitzaldi liturgikoak, akkaderazko mitoak (Atra-\u1e2bas\u012bs, Gilgame\u0161 epopeia, En\u016bma eli\u0161), aztikeria-serieak eta diagnosi-testuak gorde dira. Ninibeko A\u0161\u0161urbanipal-en liburutegiak milaka tauletxo babestu zituen eta gaur egun ere iturri nagusia da.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38ad8dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"38ad8dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tenplua kosmos eta ekonomia gisa<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bw-36a0cbf-b8aeaeb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bw-36a0cbf-b8aeaeb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36a0cbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36a0cbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamiako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkotasun bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">tenplua<\/span>, mailaz mailako dorrea zen <em>Ziqqurat<\/em>a, aldi berean eredu kosmologikoa eta ekonomia-zentroa zen. Jainkoak tenpluko estatuetan bizi ziren; egunero <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkotasun bati eskaintzen zaion opari, eskerrak emateko, eskatzeko edo gurtzeko.\" tabindex=\"0\">opariak<\/span> eta otorduak eskaintzen zitzaizkien. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jainkotasun bat edo gehiago gurtzeko eraikina.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tenpluek<\/span> lurrak, esklaboak, artisauak eta idazkariak zituzten; ureztatzea, hazi-banaketa eta merkataritza antolatzen zituzten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae1c97c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ae1c97c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Demonologia eta babes-praktika<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bw-5164f28-d692748 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bw-5164f28-d692748\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5164f28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5164f28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Mesopotamiak munduko demonologia bere baldintzatu du beste inolako kulturak baino gehiago. Gaixotasuna, haurren heriotza eta zorigaitza demonio pertsonifikatuek eragindakoak zirela zioen ustea handik Persiara, judaismo helenistikora, kristautasun goiztiarrera eta munduaren islamikora, eta handik Europara zabaldu zen.<\/p><p>\u0101\u0161ipu aztiek diagnosi, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Esanahi erlijioso edo kulturala duen sinbolo edo ekintza sekuentzia arautua.\" tabindex=\"0\">erritu<\/span> eta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Babes edo zorigaitzaren aurkako indarra egotzen zaion soineko objektua.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuleto<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ekintza edo formula bereziekin gauzen ibilbidean eragin nahi duten praktikak.\" tabindex=\"0\">magia<\/span> sistema konplexua garatu zuten.<\/p><h3>Ikerketa-egoera<\/h3><p>Mesopotamiako erlijioa oso ondo aztertuta dago erlijio-zientziaren aldetik. Erreferentziazko lanak dira Thorkild Jacobsen (<em>The Treasures of Darkness<\/em>, 1976), Jean Bott\u00e9ro (<em>La religion la plus ancienne<\/em>, 1988) eta Stefan Maulek aztikeria-tradizioari buruz egindako lanak.<\/p><p>Walter Farberren Lamashtu aztikerien edizioa (Eisenbrauns 2014) da iturri-oinarri nagusia, eta Frans A. M. Wiggermannen (<em>Lama\u0161tu, Daughter of Anu<\/em>, 2000) lan espezializatu garrantzitsuena.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcc-mesopota-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-mesopotamien\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-inner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcc-mesopota-inner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcc-mesopota-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultura-tradizio honetako babes-objektuak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcc-mesopota-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamian, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu<\/a> amuletoek emakume haurdunak eta erditu berriak lagundu zituzten <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/lamashtu\/\">Lamashtu<\/a>ren aurkako babes gisa; aztikeria-tauletxoek eta amuleto-plakek osatzen zuten babes-multzoa.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard tradizio kultural-historiko horretan kokatzen da, gorputzean eramaten diren babes-objektuen lerroan, gaur egungo material-arkitekturan, Alemanian egina. 41 maila, urre gorri, platino, zilar. 30 eguneko itzultze-eskubidea.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-b iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcc-mesopota-b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">iWell Guard-i buruz gehiago<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">iWell Guard-i buruz gehiago<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-b .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-b .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-b .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-b .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-b .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcc-mesopota-d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcc-mesopota-d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Esperientzia pertsonalak desberdinak izan daitezke. Ez da produktu mediko bat. Ez da sendatze-agindurik.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sd-mesopo-7a61d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sd-mesopo-7a61d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-sd-mesopo-col-065e57\" data-id=\"sd-mesopo-col-065e57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-sd-mesopo-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"sd-mesopo-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sumerreko demonioak, babesa eta esanahia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-sd-mesopo-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"sd-mesopo-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nSumerreko demonioek erlijioaren historiako lehen demonologia sistematikoki garatua osatu zuten, ziurrenik. Geroagoko tradizio abrahamdarrek ez bezala, Mesopotamiako pentsamenduak ez zuen ondo eta gaizkiaren polaritate moralik ezagutzen; demonioak mundu iragazkorrean jarduten zuten indarrak ziren, eta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Indar bat deitu edo lotu nahi duen hizkuntzazko erritua.\" tabindex=\"0\">aztikeria<\/span>, babes-izakiak edo jainkoei egindako dei bidez kontrolatu behar ziren.<\/p>\n<p>Erdigunean daude <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/lamashtu\/\">Lamashtu<\/a> (haurren eta erditu berrien demonioa), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu<\/a> (Lamashturen aurkako babes-demonio paradoxikoa), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a> (azpimundeko mandatariak), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/lilu-eta-lilitu\/\">Lilu eta Lilitu<\/a> (gaueko lilura-demonioak), eta <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> eta <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/rabisu\/\">Rabisu<\/a> zelatari-demonio gisa. Babesa Pazuzu amuletoek, Maql\u00fb aztikeria-tauletxoek eta atari-langan jartzen ziren estatuatxo apotropaikoek eskaintzen zuten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-mesopotamien e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-mesopotamien\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-mesopotamien-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-mesopotamien-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mesopotamiako babes-sinboloak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-mesopotamien-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-mesopotamien-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Babes-sinboloen lexikoak Mesopotamia Zaharreko zenbait ikur eta objektu bere orrialde propioetan lantzen ditu: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/apkallu-mesopotamiako-babes-irudiak\/\">Apkallu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/lamaschtu-plaka-babes-taula\/\">Lamaschtu plaka<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/lamassu-mesopotamiako-atezaina\/\">Lamassu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/pazuzu-amuletoa-lamaschturen-aurkako-babesa\/\">Pazuzu amuletoa<\/a> eta <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/zilindro-zigilua\/\">zilindro-zigilua<\/a>. Ikuspegi kulturartekoa <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/eu\/babes-sinboloak\/\">babes-sinboloei<\/a> buruzko orrialdean aurki daiteke.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1755,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"mesopotamiako jainkoak","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mesopotamiako jainkoak \u2013 Sumer eta Babilonia | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mesopotamiako jainkoak: Anu, Enlil, Marduk, Ishtar, Ereshkigal, Shamash, Sin. Sumeriar eta babiloniar panteoia, mitoa, kultua eta Enuma Elish.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-200287","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mesopotamiako jainkoak \u2013 Sumer eta Babilonia | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mesopotamiako jainkoak: Anu, Enlil, Marduk, Ishtar, Ereshkigal, Shamash, Sin. 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