{"id":6502,"date":"2026-05-13T20:29:21","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yer-sub-earth-and-water-spirit-of-the-turkic-peoples\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:31:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:31:02","slug":"yer-sub-earth-and-water-spirit-of-the-turkic-peoples","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/yer-sub-earth-and-water-spirit-of-the-turkic-peoples\/","title":{"rendered":"Yer-Sub: Earth and Water Spirit of the Turkic Peoples"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6502\" class=\"elementor elementor-6502 elementor-2638 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub, Old Turkic Earth and Water Power of the Sacred Ground<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub (Old Turkic <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, &#8220;Earth-Water&#8221;) is the combined numinous power of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> ground and sacred waters in the Old Turkic and Siberian-Tengrist religious system. It completes Tengri above and Umai between, forming a cosmological triad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Nature spirit of the Siberia \/ Tengrism tradition.\">Nature Spirit<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/siberian-shamanism-and-tengrism-steppe-and-taiga\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the Siberia \/ Tengrism tradition.\">Siberia \/ Tengrism<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Earth and water power.\">Earth and Water Power<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6503\" alt=\"Yer Sub - Spirits from the Siberian Tengrism tradition, historical illustration\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub, the <strong>Earth-Water Power<\/strong>, embodies in the Old Turkic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> the sacred ground and the flowing element simultaneously.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification and Brief Profile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unlike the personal gods <a href=\"\/en\/tengri-sky-god-of-the-tengrists\/\">Tengri<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/umai-mother-and-child-goddess-of-the-turkic-peoples\/\">Umai<\/a>, or <a href=\"\/en\/uelgen-god-of-light-of-the-altai-peoples\/\">Ulgen<\/a>, Yer-Sub is not an individual but a collective, place-bound power.<\/p><p>In the Orkhon inscriptions of the 8th century (Kul-Tigin, Bilge Khagan, Tonyukuk), Yer-Sub appears regularly in a triple formula: &#8220;Tengri (Heaven), Umai (Mother), and Yer-Sub (Earth-Water) have given us victory.&#8221; This formula is one of the most important attestations of the cosmological structure of Old Turkic Tengrism.<\/p><p>Within the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/siberian-shamanism-and-tengrism-steppe-and-taiga\/\">Siberian-Tengrist tradition<\/a>, later specialized figures, mountain lords, spring <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span>, river spirits, take on the concrete functions that were originally attributed collectively to Yer-Sub. In later religious history, Yer-Sub thus condenses into a variety of named individual spirits without disappearing as a concept.<\/p><p>In terms of the phenomenology of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>, Yer-Sub is a textbook example of &#8220;local numinosity&#8221;: unlike universal high deities, this power is space-bound and gathers at concrete places, mountain passes, springs, river mouths, and rocks. It stands in a line with the Roman <em>genii loci<\/em> and the Japanese <em>jinushigami<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Etymology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name is a classic Old Turkic dvandva compound: <em>yer<\/em> (&#8220;earth, land, place&#8221;) and <em>sub<\/em> (&#8220;water, spring, river&#8221;). Comparable formations are attested in many Indo-European and Altaic languages; they express that earth and water are conceived here not as two separate things, but as a pair of life foundations that belong together.<\/p><p>In the Mongolian world, the concept corresponds in part to <em>gazar usu<\/em> (&#8220;land-water&#8221;) and <em>Etugen Eke<\/em> (&#8220;Mother Earth&#8221;). In Siberia itself, the Buryats know the <em>Lus<\/em> (spring spirits) and the Yakuts know <em>Aan Alakhchyn<\/em>, earth servant of <em>Aar Toyon<\/em>.<\/p><p>Talat Tekin (1968) clarified the grammatical status of <em>yer sub<\/em> as a compound: it is not two gods named in succession, but a single power with a two-part name. This linguistic observation has consequences for <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>, since it implies an integrated conception of land-water power.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description and Iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub has no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> of its own. Where the place-bound specialized spirits are given visual form, this happens through stone cairns (<em>obo<\/em>), inscribed wooden posts (<em>serge<\/em>), cloth strips tied to larch trees (<em>kyira<\/em>), and small wooden figures at the edge of springs.<\/p><p>Yer-Sub as a whole remains invisible; matter itself is its body.<\/p><p>Yer-Sub shares this absence of imagery with the distant <a href=\"\/en\/tengri-sky-god-of-the-tengrists\/\">Tengri<\/a>, in contrast to the personally anthropomorphic <a href=\"\/en\/uelgen-god-of-light-of-the-altai-peoples\/\">Ulgen<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/umai-mother-and-child-goddess-of-the-turkic-peoples\/\">Umai<\/a>, or <a href=\"\/en\/erlik-khan-ruler-of-the-altaic-underworld\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a>. In terms of the phenomenology of religion, this marks a difference between collectively numinous and individually personalized powers within a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>.<\/p><p>In modern Mongolian practice, Yer-Sub is partly embodied through the ovoo stone cairns; at larger festivals, long blue <em>khadag<\/em> scarves are stretched around the ovoos, whose blue color consciously refers to <em>Mongke Koke Tengri<\/em>, while the stones themselves represent Yer-Sub.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mythological Narratives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Gokturk inscriptions contain no narratives about Yer-Sub, only invocations. Narratives about individual mountain and river lords, which together fill out the Yer-Sub spectrum, first appear in the ethnographic records of the 19th century (Radloff, Anokhin, Verbickij).<\/p><p>Among the Buryats, for example, Lake Baikal is addressed as &#8220;Father&#8221; and the surrounding mountains as &#8220;Brothers,&#8221; a family schema that resolves the Yer-Sub power into kinship metaphors.<\/p><p>A specific Altaic narrative recounts how the mountains arose when Yer-Sub rebelled against an attempt by Erlik to take the earth for his own use: mountains are frozen waves of a cosmic confrontation. This narrative stands midway between creation myths and etiological myths.<\/p><p>In the Yakut Olonkho epics, the earth goddess <em>Aan Alakhchyn Khotun<\/em> embodies one aspect of the Yer-Sub function. She dwells in the sacred tree at the center of the world and gives all living beings a share of her water of life, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> that elaborates the integral land-water concept in epic form.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult and Veneration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important form of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> is the <em>Ovoo<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>: on a mountain pass or at a prominent spring, a stone cairn is piled up, decorated with cloth strips, and honored by circling it three times clockwise. Travelers add a stone; herders pour a little milk or kumiss onto the ground.<\/p><p>At the state level, Yer-Sub was part of the Khan&#8217;s oaths: whoever deceives the Khan &#8220;injures Yer-Sub&#8221; and falls outside the order. This political function is even implicitly transmitted in the Byzantine account of Theophylact Simocatta (early 7th century), when he reports on Turkic oath practices.<\/p><p>In modern Mongolia, the Ovoo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> has experienced a remarkable renaissance; since 1990, thousands of new ovoos have been established or restored. Caroline Humphrey has documented this renaissance in detail in <em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em> and <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective Practice and the Apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Described in religious-studies terms: protective practices in the Yer-Sub complex aim less at warding off harm than at preserving the purity of the place. Prohibited acts included spitting into a spring, breaking sacred trees, and relieving oneself on an <em>obo<\/em>.<\/p><p>The violation of these taboos was considered an &#8220;injury to Yer-Sub&#8221; and could, within the tradition, be answered by failure in the hunt or illness.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Plural of apotropaion: objects and signs intended to ward off misfortune.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaia<\/span> in the strict sense included carrying small stones from the sacred mountain, engraving protective formulas on spring posts, and attaching tufts of horsehair to thresholds. These practices remain alive today in Mongolia and Tuva.<\/p><p>An interesting detail from the Yakut tradition: before leaving a sacred place, one formally &#8220;asks&#8221; it for permission, often with the words &#8220;<em>Bahyy bolokhtuun<\/em>&#8221; (&#8220;be gracious, let me go free&#8221;). This courtesy toward the landscape is, in terms of the phenomenology of religion, a classic example of animistic etiquette.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Structurally comparable to the Roman <em>genius loci<\/em>; the Germanic land wights; the Celtic <em>sidh<\/em> inhabitants; in Japan the <em>jinushigami<\/em> of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The indigenous religion of Japan, characterized by the veneration of the kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span> tradition; in Latin America the Andean <em>apus<\/em> and <em>huacas<\/em>. In all cases, these are place-bound, collective powers honored through purity taboos rather than through personal myths.<\/p><p>The typological proximity to the Chinese <em>tudi gong<\/em> system of local earth gods and the Tibetan <em>sa-bdag<\/em> (&#8220;earth lords&#8221;) is particularly close. This reveals cultural bridges within Inner Asia, without any direct historical derivation being established.<\/p><p>In terms of the phenomenology of religion, Yer-Sub marks what <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Romanian scholar of religion (1907-1986); shaped the phenomenological method in religious studies.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mircea Eliade<\/span> in <em>Le sacre et le profane<\/em> (1957) called the &#8220;hierophany of place&#8221;: certain locations become a sacred center through their ritual marking, without any personal god needing to dwell there.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Current Reception and Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In contemporary Mongolian and Tuvan contexts, Yer-Sub (as <em>gazar usu<\/em> or <em>cher-sug<\/em>) has become a central element of environmental ethics. Several ecologically oriented NGOs cite the traditional ovoo complex as a basis for their arguments.<\/p><p>Key academic references: Caroline Humphrey (<em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em>, 1983; <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em>, 2002), Roberte Hamayon, Sergei Neklyudov.<\/p><p>A separate strand of research connects the Yer-Sub practice with current conflicts over mining and water rights in Mongolia: indigenous groups invoke the religious inviolability of Yer-Sub sites to oppose large-scale projects. This political dimension has implications for religious studies that Caroline Humphrey discusses at length.<\/p><p>In Tuva, a <em>Dungur<\/em> association of shamanic practitioners has formed since 1990 that publicly codifies Yer-Sub rituals. From a religious-studies perspective, this codification is an interesting case of the &#8220;inventarization&#8221; of an originally diffuse practice through modern organizational structures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Debates and Open Questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A central debate concerns the question of whether Yer-Sub is a <em>single<\/em> term or a <em>collective term<\/em>. Talat Tekin and Sergei Neklyudov argued for an integrated reading; more recent research (including B. Kellner-Heinkele) tends toward assuming regionally differentiated personalizations.<\/p><p>A second open question concerns the relationship between Yer-Sub and the Buddhist local <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A non-corporeal being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> concept in Mongolia: how much of the current ovoo practice is pre-Buddhist, and how much has been reformulated in Buddhist terms? Walther Heissig proposed a stratigraphy here that is being critically examined in more recent research.<\/p><p>Finally, and this is the most practically pressing question, how does the currently living Yer-Sub complex relate to ecological movements without being instrumentalized by them? The Inner Mongolian civic initiative <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> takes up this question itself and provides a research field for the religious <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies cultures and societies comparatively.\" tabindex=\"0\">ethnology<\/span> of the 2020s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub in the Modern Environmental Debate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most surprising turns in recent Tengrism research is the rediscovery of Yer-Sub as a reference point for contemporary environmental movements.<\/p><p>The Mongolian civic initiative <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> (founded 2001) protests against gold mines that destroy sacred springs and river courses, explicitly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The pleading or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoking<\/span> the traditional Yer-Sub veneration. Caroline Humphrey has documented this movement in several essays.<\/p><p>From a religious-studies perspective, this turn is ambivalent. On one hand, it demonstrates the continuing vitality of a supposedly &#8220;archaic&#8221; religious concept; on the other, it carries the risk that religious content is selectively mobilized as an instrument for political ends. Both aspects should be considered in a differentiated analysis.<\/p><p>In Tuva and the Sakha Republic, similar movements are visible; they create a new interface between religious ethnology and political ecology. Scholars in the phenomenology of religion such as Bron Taylor (<em>Dark Green Religion<\/em>, 2010) have analyzed this constellation as &#8220;green religion&#8221; and cited Yer-Sub as one example.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources and Reference to the Culture Hub<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Those wishing to study the Yer-Sub complex in its full breadth will find the most important cross-references to related figures on the overview page <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/siberian-shamanism-and-tengrism-steppe-and-taiga\/\">Siberian-Tengrist Tradition<\/a>, including <a href=\"\/en\/tengri-sky-god-of-the-tengrists\/\">Tengri<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/umai-mother-and-child-goddess-of-the-turkic-peoples\/\">Umai<\/a> (in the Tonyukuk triple formula), and the place-bound spirit worlds.<\/p><p>Talat Tekin&#8217;s <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968) remains the most important philological foundation for the Old Turkic layer. Caroline Humphrey&#8217;s <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002) and <em>Marx Went Away, But Karl Stayed Behind<\/em> (with Frank Pieke, 1998) provide contemporary ethnographic depth.<\/p><p>Sergei Neklyudov&#8217;s <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, vol. 2 (Moscow 1992), contains the most concise Russian standard work on the Yer-Sub complex and should appear in any serious bibliography.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phenomenology of Religion: The Binding to Place<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub illustrates, in terms of the phenomenology of religion, the category of &#8220;place-bound numinosity&#8221; that Mircea Eliade elaborated in <em>Le sacre et le profane<\/em> (1957) as the &#8220;hierophany of place.&#8221; In contrast to universal high deities, this form of numinosity is space-bound and concrete.<\/p><p>The ritual marking of a place (through stone cairns, cloth strips, wooden posts) is a classic example of what van Gennep called the &#8220;sacralization of landscape.&#8221; Yer-Sub here is not a person dwelling in a place, but the power that itself becomes place, a distinction that is important in the phenomenology of religion.<\/p><p>In comparison with the Japanese <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Japanese Shinto, the venerated spirit beings and divine powers.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span><\/em> concept and the Roman <em>genius loci<\/em>, it becomes clear that place-bound numinosity is a globally widespread concept, yet one that is formulated specifically in each tradition. Yer-Sub is a particularly compact and well-documented variant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Methodological Reflection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Several methodological problems arise in Yer-Sub research. First: the word itself is a compound whose exact grammatical treatment in Old Turkic is disputed. Talat Tekin&#8217;s definition of it as &#8220;a single power with a two-part name&#8221; is broadly accepted, but not without challenge.<\/p><p>Second: the identification of the Tonyukuk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A text engraved or chiseled into a solid surface.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscription<\/span> Yer-Sub with the ethnographically attested mountain and spring <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A non-corporeal being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> world of the 19th and 20th centuries is a hypothesis; scholarship has become cautious here.<\/p><p>Third: the contemporary mobilization of Yer-Sub for ecological movements is methodologically demanding for religious studies. Caroline Humphrey and Bron Taylor have made important contributions here without closing the discussion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub and the Mongolian Naadam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The relationship between Yer-Sub and the Mongolian summer festival <em>Naadam<\/em> deserves closer attention. The Naadam, celebrated annually in July, has its origins in the invocations of the mountain and spring deities and is thus historically connected to the Yer-Sub complex.<\/p><p>The three <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">classical<\/span> &#8220;manly games&#8221; of the Naadam, horse racing, archery, and wrestling, were originally ritual demonstrations of tribal strength before the mountain patron and before Yer-Sub. Christopher Atwood described this ritual anchoring in detail in his Encyclopedia (2004).<\/p><p>In Mongolia today, the Naadam is a major national festival that is simultaneously charged with both state-secular and religious-traditional significance. The ovoo rituals at the start of the festival continue to make the Yer-Sub layer visible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub and the Archaeological Evidence<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The archaeological evidence for Yer-Sub is limited but instructive. In the south Siberian steppe highlands (Tuva, Altai), <em>kurgan<\/em> mounds and standing stone posts from the Scythian and Hunnic periods are preserved, which are read as ritual markings of &#8220;sacred places.&#8221; Whether these markings are identical to the later Yer-Sub concept is not conclusively established.<\/p><p>A particularly important archaeological material consists of the <em>balbal<\/em> stone posts of the Gokturk period, set up in rows at royal graves. Sergei Klyashtorny discussed the religious content of these posts in <em>Drevnetjurkskie pis&#8217;mennye pamjatniki<\/em> (1964).<\/p><p>A mediating thesis connects the archaeological stone posts with the ethnographically attested <em>serge<\/em> posts of the Sakha: both could be a reflex of a continuous Yer-Sub marking of places, with long continuities and transformations over two millennia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21aa3e2d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21aa3e2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2524783c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2524783c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub as a Dual Concept: Earth and Water in Tengrism<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274b5427 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp274b5427\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c867c66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c867c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, literally &#8220;earth-water&#8221; in Turkic languages, does not designate a single clearly delineated <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, but a collective entity: the totality of the middle world with its mountains, rivers, springs, and forests, conceived as an animated, veneration-worthy power.<\/p><p>The Old Turkic inscriptions of the Orkhon Valley from the 8th century, the oldest continuous texts in a Turkic language, already name <em>yer sub<\/em> alongside the sky god <em>Tengri<\/em> as a force that watches over the fate of the people.<\/p><p>This early attestation is important because it shows that this is an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span>, textually secured concept and not a later construction of ethnography. In the Orkhon inscriptions, <em>yer sub<\/em> appears in the same breath as <em>Tengri<\/em>, as powers that intervene when the people are in distress.<\/p><p>The precise <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> position, however, remains open: whether <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> was conceived as a unity, as a multitude of local spirits, or as both simultaneously cannot be determined unambiguously from the brief inscription texts.<\/p><p>In the later, ethnographically documented traditions of the south Siberian Turkic peoples, such as the Altaians and Khakas, <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> frequently appears in the plural as a multitude of lords of specific mountains, rivers, and passes, to whom travelers offered small gifts.<\/p><p>This reveals the same oscillation between unity and plurality found in many Tengrist concepts. Research on the Altaic religion interprets this as an expression of a religiosity that does not strictly separate the local from the overarching. Related concepts are discussed in the entry on <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/buga-high-god-of-the-evenki-tungus\/\">Buga<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliography (Selected)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Caroline Humphrey: <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Aus Sibirien<\/em> (1893)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse a l&#8217;ame<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Sergei Neklyudov: <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, vol. 2 (Moscow 1992)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists communicate with the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shamanism<\/span> in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Old <em>Turkic<\/em> <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span><\/em> of the Orkhon inscriptions of the eighth century names Yer-Sub as the sacred dual power of earth and water, which alongside the sky god Tengri guaranteed the welfare of ruler and people.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Related key terms: Yer-Sub Orkhon Bilge Khagan obo ovoo gazar usu Etugen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yer-sub\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and Protective Traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard draws on the cultural-historical tradition of portable protective objects, in the tradition of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/siberian-shamanism-and-tengrism-steppe-and-taiga\/\">Siberia \/ Tengrism<\/a> and many other cultures worldwide. 41 levels, real gold, platinum, silver, crafted in Germany. 30-day return policy.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div 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Not a medical device. No healing claims.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard is <strong>not a medical device<\/strong> and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. The religious-studies content is a cultural-historical classification, not a recommendation for spiritual practice.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yer-Sub, Old Turkic Earth and Water Power of the Sacred Ground Yer-Sub (Old Turkic Yer-Sub, &#8220;Earth-Water&#8221;) is the combined numinous power of the sacred ground and sacred waters in the Old Turkic and Siberian-Tengrist religious system. It completes Tengri above and Umai between, forming a cosmological triad. Nature SpiritSiberia \/ TengrismEarth and Water Power Table [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6503,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yer-Sub earth water Tengrism","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yer-Sub: Turkic Earth-Water Power, Myth and Sources","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yer-Sub denotes the sacred power of earth and water in the Old Turkic and Tengrist tradition.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"class_list":["post-6502","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spirits"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yer-Sub: Turkic Earth-Water Power, 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