{"id":6487,"date":"2026-05-13T20:30:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/asbuiga-buryat-horse-protection-spirit\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:30:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:30:47","slug":"asbuiga-buryat-horse-protection-spirit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/asbuiga-buryat-horse-protection-spirit\/","title":{"rendered":"Asbuiga: Buryat Horse-Protection Spirit"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6487\" class=\"elementor elementor-6487 elementor-2643 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asbuiga, Buryat-Mongolian Horse-Protection Spirit and Auxiliary Spirit of Shamans<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asbuiga is a Buryat-Mongolian horse-protection <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which effects in the world are attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> who appears in the shamanic complex of the Buryats as an auxiliary spirit of the senior, &#8220;white&#8221; shamans (<em>tsagaan b\u00f6\u00f6<\/em>) and is responsible for maintaining order in horse herds.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Shamanic auxiliary spirit of the Siberia \/ Tengrism tradition.\">Shamanic Auxiliary Spirit<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/siberian-shamanism-and-tengrism-steppe-and-taiga\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the Siberia \/ Tengrism tradition.\">Siberia \/ Tengrism<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Auxiliary spirit.\">Auxiliary Spirit<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-asbuiga-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-asbuiga-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-asbuiga-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_asbuiga-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6488\" alt=\"Asbuiga - Spirits from the Siberian-Tengrism tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_asbuiga-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_asbuiga-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_asbuiga-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_asbuiga.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification and Brief Profile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asbuiga is a comparatively little-known auxiliary spirit, yet one that is characteristic of the Buryat specialist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>. Unlike the great horse gods of the Sakha (<a href=\"\/en\/yhych-khan-yakut-horse-lord\/\">Yhych-Khan<\/a>), he is not a supreme <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> but a serving, directed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A non-corporeal being credited with agency in the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> within the Buryat shamanic household (the <em>b\u00f6\u00f6-tngri<\/em> system).<\/p><p>Within the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/siberian-shamanism-and-tengrism-steppe-and-taiga\/\">Siberian-Tengrist tradition<\/a>, he illustrates how the supreme divine horse function is distributed across individual auxiliary <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span> in later, more specialized layers. The Buryats recognize an entire <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> of such specialist spirits, described in scholarship as the &#8220;Buryat order of gods&#8221; (Mihaly Hoppal).<\/p><p>The Buryats live on the shores of Lake Baikal and in the steppes of Transbaikalia; their <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span> is a particularly rich mixture of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> Mongolian-Tengrist strata, Buddhist influences (the Gelug school since the 17th century), and Siberian-shamanic components. Asbuiga belongs to the shamanic stratum, which was partly defended against Buddhism.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Etymology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name <em>Asbuiga<\/em> is established as a proper name in the Buryat tradition; a clear etymological derivation is lacking. Some scholars propose a connection with <em>asuu \/ asha<\/em> (&#8220;protection&#8221;) and <em>buyaga<\/em> (a horse-related word root), which would interpret the name as &#8220;horse keeper.&#8221; The hypothesis is plausible but has not been conclusively resolved.<\/p><p>An alternative derivation connects the name with the Buryat <em>ashanaa<\/em>, a ritual horse ride around the ceremonial ground associated with Asbuiga. In this reading, the name would be <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>-functional rather than primarily anatomical or descriptive.<\/p><p>Hangalov, the most important Buryat ethnographer of the early 20th century, documented the word in his Sobranie sochinenij (Ulan-Ude 1958, 60) without arriving at a definitive etymological conclusion. This openness of etymology is not unusual in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> for specialist spirits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description and Iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asbuiga is depicted as a man riding a chestnut horse, with a long fringe of horse-hair tassels on the saddle.<\/p><p>On Buryat shamanic mirrors (<em>toli<\/em>), he appears as a small embossed rider figure in the lower row of auxiliary spirits. In some clan houses, a carved Asbuiga staff formed part of the shamanic regalia.<\/p><p>The <em>toli<\/em> mirrors of the Buryats are a remarkable object of religious material culture: circular bronze or iron discs with embossed depictions of auxiliary spirits, worn by the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious specialist credited with mediating between humans and the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shaman<\/span> on chest or back. Asbuiga is among the more frequently occurring figures in this micro-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span>.<\/p><p>Several Asbuiga staffs and toli mirrors with Asbuiga motifs are preserved in the collections of the Museum of the Republic of Buryatia (Ulan-Ude). Caroline Humphrey discussed this material culture in detail in <em>Shamans and Elders<\/em> (1996).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mythological Narratives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Buryat shamanic genealogies (Hangalov, 1958) relate that Asbuiga was sent by one of the 33 western Tengri to a clan in the Cis-Baikal region in order to rebuild the herds after a horse epidemic.<\/p><p>Since then he appears in the initiations of shamans as a &#8220;horse master&#8221; and bestows on the new shaman the ability to hear &#8220;with horse ears,&#8221; that is, to understand the voices of the herd.<\/p><p>A second narrative describes how Asbuiga, together with other auxiliary spirits, &#8220;heals&#8221; a sick stallion belonging to a clan chieftain within the tradition, by placing a mirror disc on the animal and riding around the herd three times. This narrative is, in religious-anthropological terms, a model narrative for shamanic healing practice.<\/p><p>A third narrative depicts Asbuiga&#8217;s struggle with a lower <em>khargi<\/em> harm-spirit that seeks to make the mares infertile. Asbuiga wins through a ruse: he rides backwards through the enclosure and the harm-spirit loses its way. This trickster <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> recalls many other specialist-spirit stories in Siberia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult and Veneration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asbuiga has no public <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>; his veneration belongs to the closed sphere of shamanic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ritual transition through which someone is admitted into a new status or community.\" tabindex=\"0\">initiation<\/span> and the annual horse-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An invocation of well-being and protection, often in fixed verbal form.\" tabindex=\"0\">blessing<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn act carried out according to fixed rules.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremony<\/span>.<\/p><p>In the latter, a healthy horse is designated the &#8220;Asbuiga horse&#8221;: it may no longer be tamed, ridden, or slaughtered, and lives as a free animal in the herd. In <a href=\"\/en\/khormusta-supreme-sky-god-of-the-mongols\/\">Khormusta<\/a>-centred shamanic sessions, Asbuiga is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> among the auxiliary spirits whenever horse matters are at issue.<\/p><p>Caroline Humphrey described such a session in detail in <em>Shamans and Elders<\/em> (1996): the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious specialist credited with mediating between humans and the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shaman<\/span> invokes the Tengri in sequence, then Khormusta, then the clan ancestors, and finally the specialized auxiliary spirits such as Asbuiga. This hierarchy of invocations is a central liturgical form of Buryat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists communicate with the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanism<\/span>.<\/p><p>During the Soviet period, the Asbuiga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> was almost entirely suppressed; the few surviving practitioners worked in secret. Since 1991 it has undergone a cautious renaissance in the clan territories on the eastern shore of Lake Baikal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective Practices and the Apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Described from a religious-studies perspective: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Warding off evil: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences away.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span> practices in the Asbuiga complex are aimed at protecting the horse herd. Common elements include hanging white horse-hair tassels on the mare post, fumigating the stable posts with juniper, and avoiding certain taboo words near the herd (the word &#8220;wolf,&#8221; for instance, is replaced by <em>kheer<\/em>, &#8220;field&#8221;).<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">Offerings<\/span> at an <em>obo<\/em> stone cairn associated with Asbuiga are renewed in some clan territories on the first day of spring.<\/p><p>A particular practice is the <em>shig<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>: on days when a new foal is born, the family offers a piece of bread and a little mare&#8217;s milk to Asbuiga and recites a brief <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitionary or invocatory address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span>. This <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> is still alive in several Buryat villages today.<\/p><p>Within the tradition, failing to observe this practice is read as a cause of horse disease; from an ethnographic outside perspective, these are everyday-structuring rules that give cultural form to the economic sensitivity of horse breeding. The two perspectives do not exclude each other but stand side by side.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parallels include the Celtic horse spirits (Epona as a supreme goddess, alongside smaller horse daimones), the Slavic Domovoi specializations for livestock, and the Finnish <em>haltija<\/em>. In terms of the phenomenology of religion, Asbuiga demonstrates that the shamanic world of auxiliary spirits is functionally differentiated and closely tied to the economic core of the community.<\/p><p>Within Siberia itself, the nearest parallel is the Yakut <em>kuralay<\/em>, a mare-protection spirit subordinate to <a href=\"\/en\/yhych-khan-yakut-horse-lord\/\">Yhych-Khan<\/a>. The hierarchy of supreme deity over specialist god over auxiliary spirit thus recurs in several Siberian pantheons.<\/p><p>An interesting comparison is also the Mongolian <em>khaidam<\/em> complex, in which individual auxiliary spirits are assigned to individual animals. The structural similarity is considerable; the precise historical relationship remains a subject of ongoing research.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contemporary Reception and Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asbuiga is scarcely prominent in popular Buryat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traditional folk culture with customs, narratives, and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span>, but is well documented in the specialist academic literature: Matvei N. Hangalov: <em>Sobranie sochinenij<\/em> (Ulan-Ude 1958, 1960); Mihaly Hoppal: <em>Shamans and Traditions<\/em> (Budapest 2007); Roberte Hamayon (1990); Caroline Humphrey (<em>Shamans and Elders<\/em>, 1996).<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">dedicated<\/span> monograph on Buryat auxiliary spirits is available in V. P. Diakonova: <em>Tuvinskie i burjatskie shamany<\/em> (2001).<\/p><p>In the more recent Buryat shamanic association &#8220;Tengeri&#8221; (founded 1993 in Ulan-Ude), Asbuiga is incorporated into purification and initiation rituals. The association documents its practice online, which provides an unusually open source base for ethnological research.<\/p><p>The body of research on Asbuiga is overall thinner than that on the great supreme deities; paradoxically this makes him a rewarding research subject for young scholars of religion wishing to work in the less-studied strata of Siberian religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Debates and Open Questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Two research questions are currently open. First: how does Asbuiga relate to other Buryat horse auxiliary spirits (such as <em>Khormonostoi<\/em> and <em>Kheterik-Bookhoi<\/em>)? Hangalov compiled an entire list of such specialist spirits whose precise hierarchy and division of functions remain unclear.<\/p><p>Second: what role does the Asbuiga complex play in the contemporary contest between Buryat Buddhism and Buryat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists communicate with the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanism<\/span>? Both currents claim certain practices for themselves; horse breeding is a domain in which shamanic practices have proven particularly tenacious.<\/p><p>Finally: how is Asbuiga practice changing under the economic transformation in Buryatia (tourism, mining, migration to cities)? Here <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without doctrinal commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> converges with social geography. Caroline Humphrey has addressed precisely this interface in her more recent work.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asbuiga in the Contemporary Shamanic Association Tengeri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Buryat shamanic association &#8220;Tengeri&#8221; was founded in 1993 in Ulan-Ude and is today one of the most important institutional bearers of Buryat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists communicate with the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanism<\/span>. It organizes initiations, coordinates public rituals, and maintains an extensive archive. Asbuiga belongs to the fixed repertoire of its invocation hierarchies.<\/p><p>From a sociology-of-religion perspective, &#8220;Tengeri&#8221; is interesting because it transfers shamanic practice into a modern associational structure, complete with membership cards, statutes, and a board of directors. This institutionalization is a novelty in religious history and poses new methodological challenges for research.<\/p><p>Caroline Humphrey and her students have accompanied &#8220;Tengeri&#8221; ethnographically and published several important essays. The association itself documents its practice online, making a rare form of direct source work possible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources and Link to the Culture Hub<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Those wishing to study the Asbuiga complex in its full breadth will find the most important cross-references to related figures on the overview page <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/siberian-shamanism-and-tengrism-steppe-and-taiga\/\">Siberian-Tengrist Tradition<\/a>, including <a href=\"\/en\/khormusta-supreme-sky-god-of-the-mongols\/\">Khormusta<\/a> (Mongolian supreme deity) and <a href=\"\/en\/yhych-khan-yakut-horse-lord\/\">Yhych-Khan<\/a> (Yakut horse supreme god).<\/p><p>Matvei N. Hangalov&#8217;s <em>Sobranie sochinenij<\/em> (Ulan-Ude 1958, 60) is the most important primary source. Caroline Humphrey&#8217;s <em>Shamans and Elders<\/em> (1996) and <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002) are the most important contemporary ethnographic works.<\/p><p>Mihaly Hoppal&#8217;s <em>Shamans and Traditions<\/em> (Budapest 2007) offers a broad comparative perspective and situates Asbuiga within the larger field of Eurasian auxiliary-spirit traditions. V. P. Diakonova&#8217;s <em>Tuvinskie i burjatskie shamany<\/em> (2001) supplements with depth from Russian scholarship.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asbuiga in the Buryat Pantheon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asbuiga is embedded in a hierarchically ordered Buryat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>, described in detail in Hangalov&#8217;s Sobranie sochinenij (1958, 60).<\/p><p>At the apex stand the 99 Tengri (with <a href=\"\/en\/khormusta-supreme-sky-god-of-the-mongols\/\">Khormusta<\/a> as leader of the 33 western white ones), below them the <em>Khaty<\/em> clan gods, then the place-bound <em>Ezhin<\/em> spirits, and finally the specialized auxiliary spirits such as Asbuiga.<\/p><p>This four-level hierarchy is particularly well developed in terms of religious systematics; it makes Buryat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists communicate with the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanism<\/span> one of the most densely documented examples of a &#8220;complexly structured&#8221; animistic system.<\/p><p>Asbuiga&#8217;s role in this hierarchy is that of a &#8220;functional specialist&#8221;: he is not the highest, but for his area of specialization he is the designated addressee. This specialization follows the economic logic of Buryat horse breeding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Methodological Reflection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The study of Asbuiga raises several methodological problems. First: the primary sources are sparse; Hangalov is the most important, supplemented by some Soviet-era records. A systematic expansion of the source base has yet to be undertaken.<\/p><p>Second: contemporary shamanic practice in Buryatia (the &#8220;Tengeri&#8221; association) constitutes its own source level, which must be handled with care in religious <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies cultures and societies comparatively.\" tabindex=\"0\">ethnology<\/span>; it is not simply a continuation of historical practice but a modern re-formulation.<\/p><p>Third: the tension between the Buddhist and shamanic strata in Buryatia also affects Asbuiga; in which stratum he is historically rooted has not been fully resolved. Caroline Humphrey has described these tensions in detail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asbuiga and Buryat Buddhism<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The relationship between Asbuiga and Buryat Buddhism (Gelug school, the official religion of the Buryats since the 17th century) deserves closer examination. In the rural clan territories of the Cis-Baikal region, Asbuiga has partly survived as a &#8220;Buddhist auxiliary spirit,&#8221; while in shamanic circles of the Trans-Baikal he is regarded as a &#8220;non-Buddhist specialist spirit.&#8221;<\/p><p>This dual anchoring is of interest in the history of religion: it shows that &#8220;Buddhism&#8221; and &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists communicate with the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanism<\/span>&#8221; in Buryatia are not strictly separate worlds but maintain fluid interrelations. Caroline Humphrey analyzed this fluidity in detail in <em>Shamans and Elders<\/em> (1996).<\/p><p>The contemporary shamanic association &#8220;Tengeri&#8221; positions itself against absorption by Buddhism and claims Asbuiga as a &#8220;purely shamanic&#8221; figure. From a sociology-of-religion perspective, this positioning is an identity marker that goes beyond what the historical evidence establishes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asbuiga and the Restructuring of the Buryat Shamanic Order<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The restructuring of the Buryat shamanic order after 1990 deserves attention as a contemporary-historical subject. Soviet repression had severely damaged the shamanic tradition; the few surviving practitioners worked in secret. With political liberalization and the revival of Buddhism, an openly practiced <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists communicate with the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanism<\/span> also emerged, organizing itself into several competing associations.<\/p><p>The most important associations are &#8220;Tengeri&#8221; (founded 1993 in Ulan-Ude) and &#8220;Boo Murgel&#8221; (founded somewhat later). Both claim Asbuiga as part of their repertoire, though with differing ritual expressions. Caroline Humphrey has described this institutional diversity in detail.<\/p><p>From a sociology-of-religion perspective, this pluralization is a noteworthy case: the constitution of a &#8220;shamanic order&#8221; as a modern associational structure is a novelty that alters the traditional character of the practice. For young researchers, a rewarding field opens here at the intersection of religious ethnology and organizational sociology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Asbuiga in International Shamanism Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Over the past two decades, Asbuiga has been incorporated into international shamanism research. Mihaly Hoppal&#8217;s <em>Shamans and Traditions<\/em> (Budapest 2007) situates him within the broader field of Eurasian auxiliary-spirit traditions. Andrei Znamenski&#8217;s <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007) discusses him as an example of the specialization of shamanic invocations.<\/p><p>A particular role is played by Hungarian shamanism research, which since Vilmos Dioszegi (1923, 1972) has developed its own school of Eurasian comparative research. Dioszegi&#8217;s successors Hoppal and Pal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">Engel<\/span> have incorporated Asbuiga into this comparative tradition.<\/p><p>For contemporary <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without doctrinal commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>, Asbuiga is thus no longer a peripheral Buryat specialist figure but part of an established research field. This reception is remarkable in the history of religion and makes him an interesting object of study for young researchers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d1253e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d1253e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25e827d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp25e827d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Smith in the Yakut Worldview and the Social Status of Craft<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23c021d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23c021d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp291830cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp291830cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The veneration of a smith deity, as attested for <em>Asbuiga<\/em> in the Yakut-Siberian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>, can only be understood if one takes into account the particular position of the smith in the societies of northern Asia.<\/p><p>Among the Yakuts, who call themselves <em>Sakha<\/em>, smithing was not regarded as an ordinary craft but as a dangerous and venerable activity that brought one into contact with supernatural forces.<\/p><p>A widespread proverb, noted by researchers such as Wassili Sieroszewski at the end of the 19th century, places the smith and the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious specialist credited with mediating between humans and the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shaman<\/span> on equal footing and derives both from the same nest.<\/p><p>This equation had practical grounds. The smith controlled the fire, the metal of tools, and above all the iron components of the shaman&#8217;s costume, which were <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to a prescribed religious sequence of actions.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritually<\/span> charged and without which a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious specialist credited with mediating between humans and the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shaman<\/span> could not undertake his journeys.<\/p><p>The smith thus stood at the very starting point of the religious apparatus. Narratives relate that only a smith from a long lineage of smiths was permitted to forge the heavy pieces of the costume, since otherwise the spirits would come to harm.<\/p><p>Asbuiga belongs to this framework as the heavenly or underworld originator of smithing. Yakut <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A culture's conception of the structure and order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmology<\/span> tends to assign smithcraft to the lower world, the realm of fire and dangerous spirits, while the bright creator deities belong to the upper world.<\/p><p>The smith deity is thus ambivalent: a giver of indispensable knowledge and at the same time connected to a sphere that must be approached with caution.<\/p><p>From a source-critical perspective, it should be noted that Yakut religion was documented late and predominantly by Russian ethnographers and political exiles living in Siberia in the 19th century. Their records are valuable but carry the perspective of an outside view and of a generation of informants already influenced by Christianity.<\/p><p>The connection of smith, fire, and ritual power is nevertheless broadly and independently attested and belongs among the best-established features of northern Asian religious history. Asbuiga is, in this framework, not an isolated mythological detail but the religious expression of a real social fact.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Selected Bibliography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>M. N. Hangalov: <em>Sobranie sochinenij<\/em> (Ulan-Ude 1958, 1960)<\/li><li>Caroline Humphrey: <em>Shamans and Elders<\/em> (1996)<\/li><li>Mihaly Hoppal: <em>Shamans and Traditions<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>V. P. Diakonova: <em>Tuvinskie i burjatskie shamany<\/em> (2001)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse a l&#8217;ame<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-asbuiga e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-asbuiga\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-asbuiga-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-asbuiga-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Buryat-Mongolian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>, Asbuiga appears as a horse spirit and shamanic auxiliary spirit; sources from the Baikal and Sakhalin regions describe him as a companion on spirit journeys and a guardian of herds.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Related key terms: Asbuiga Buryats shamans auxiliary spirit horses Hangalov toli.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-asbuiga\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and Protective Traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard draws on the cultural-historical tradition of wearable protective objects, in the tradition of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/siberian-shamanism-and-tengrism-steppe-and-taiga\/\">Siberia \/ Tengrism<\/a> and many other cultures worldwide. 41 layers, real gold, platinum, silver, crafted in Germany. 30-day return policy.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-ccb\" 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2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Personal experiences may vary. Not a medical device. No health claims made.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-asbuiga-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-asbuiga-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard is <strong>not a medical device<\/strong> and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. The religious-studies content is cultural-historical classification, not a recommendation for spiritual practice.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Asbuiga, Buryat-Mongolian Horse-Protection Spirit and Auxiliary Spirit of Shamans Asbuiga is a Buryat-Mongolian horse-protection spirit who appears in the shamanic complex of the Buryats as an auxiliary spirit of the senior, &#8220;white&#8221; shamans (tsagaan b\u00f6\u00f6) and is responsible for maintaining order in horse herds. Shamanic Auxiliary SpiritSiberia \/ TengrismAuxiliary Spirit Table of Contents Classification and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6488,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Asbuiga Buryat horse spirit","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Asbuiga: Buryat Horse Spirit, Mythology and Sources","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Asbuiga is the horse-protection spirit and auxiliary spirit of experienced shamans in Buryat shamanism. 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