{"id":6473,"date":"2026-05-13T20:30:57","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yhi-sun-goddess-of-the-karraur\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:30:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:30:46","slug":"yhi-sun-goddess-of-the-karraur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/yhi-sun-goddess-of-the-karraur\/","title":{"rendered":"Yhi: Sun Goddess of the Karraur"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6473\" class=\"elementor elementor-6473 elementor-2648 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yhi, Sun Goddess of the Karraur and Creator of Life<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yhi is the sun goddess of the Karraur and several neighbouring Aboriginal groups in south-eastern Australia. She is regarded as the creator of life, who awakened the world with her first sunrise in the Dreaming.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Goddess of the Aboriginal tradition.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/aboriginal-australia-dreamtime-tjukurpa-and-protective-objects\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the Aboriginal tradition.\">Aboriginal<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Sun goddess.\">Sun goddess<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yhi-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yhi-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yhi-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_yhi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6474\" alt=\"Yhi - gods from the Aboriginal tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_yhi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_yhi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_yhi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_yhi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Overview and Brief Profile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yhi (also <em>Yhi-Karraur<\/em>, <em>Yhi-Bahloo-cousin<\/em>) is the sun goddess in a number of Aboriginal language groups of south-eastern Australia, especially among the Karraur, in whose <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> her narratives are most densely documented. She is paired with the moon god Bahloo and integrated into a cosmic family with the high god <a href=\"\/en\/baiame-sky-father-of-the-southeastern-aboriginal-peoples\/\">Baiame<\/a>.<\/p><p>From the perspective of religious phenomenology, Yhi is particularly interesting because she is one of the few explicitly female high beings of the Aboriginal religions of Australia. In most Aboriginal traditions the highest religious figures are male (&#8220;All-Fathers&#8221;); Yhi forms a prominent exception here.<\/p><p>Within the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/aboriginal-australia-dreamtime-tjukurpa-and-protective-objects\/\">Aboriginal tradition<\/a> she has a cosmogonic function: she awakens life through her first sunrise. Without her the world would remain in pre-cosmic darkness.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Etymology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name <em>Yhi<\/em> is attested in Karraur and several neighbouring languages. The precise etymology is disputed; one traditional derivation connects the word with the meaning &#8220;radiance, light&#8221;, which fits the solar function.<\/p><p>K. Langloh Parker, who documented the Karraur tradition in the late 19th century, standardised the name as <em>Yhi<\/em> in <em>Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1896) and <em>More Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1898). Her spelling has become established.<\/p><p>In some neighbouring languages the sun has a different name: <em>Wuriupranili<\/em> in the Tiwi tradition (a female sun who travels across the sky with a torch), <em>Walu<\/em> in the Yolngu tradition. Yhi and Wuriupranili probably belong to the same historical-religious stratum of female solar powers in Australia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description and Iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yhi is described as a young, beautiful woman who first touched the earth in the Dreaming and awakened it to life through her smile. Where she set her foot, plants, trees and flowers arose; where she exhaled her breath, animals came into being; where she finally lingered, the first humans arose.<\/p><p>In contrast to many other Aboriginal traditions, there is no independent <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> of Yhi. The few pictorial depictions from the 19th century were mostly commissioned by European illustrators (for instance for Parker&#8217;s books) and reflect European rather than Aboriginal pictorial traditions.<\/p><p>Contemporary Aboriginal artists have taken up the Yhi narrative again and are attempting to develop an indigenous visual form. These attempts are interesting from the perspective of the sociology of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>, because they create a new iconographic tradition that did not exist in this way in the original practice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mythological Narratives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The central Yhi narrative describes the awakening of the world: in the pre-cosmic darkness Yhi slept together with all other beings. At a whistle (in some versions from <a href=\"\/en\/baiame-sky-father-of-the-southeastern-aboriginal-peoples\/\">Baiame<\/a>) she awoke and rose.<\/p><p>With her first sunrise, life awoke: trees sprouted, flowers opened, animals came out of their hiding places, the first humans rose from the ground.<\/p><p>A second narrative describes Yhi&#8217;s love for the moon god Bahloo. Bahloo, however, is shy and repeatedly withdraws; for this reason Yhi follows him by day and Bahloo shows himself only at night. This aetiological <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> explains the phenomenon that the sun and the moon are almost never visible at the same time.<\/p><p>K. Langloh Parker presented extensive collections of Yhi narratives in <em>Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1896) and <em>More Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1898). These collections are reworked through Victorian stylistic elements, but they provide the most important literary source.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult and Veneration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Yhi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> was probably less developed in the historical Karraur region than the Baiame <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>; there was no corresponding <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ritual transition through which someone is admitted into a new status or community.\" tabindex=\"0\">initiation<\/span> practice such as the Bora rites. Yhi was the object of mythological narratives and general <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> rather than of a closed ritual complex.<\/p><p>In everyday life Yhi was greeted at the first sunrise, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down action repeated regularly within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> documented in several Karraur families. This daily greeting belonged to folk religion without becoming a central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>.<\/p><p>With the European colonisation of south-eastern Australia in the 19th century, the Karraur tradition was largely interrupted; what we know about Yhi today derives predominantly from Parker&#8217;s records at the end of the 19th century.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective Practice and the Apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Described in terms of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>: there are few explicitly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Warding off evil: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences away.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span> practices in the Yhi complex. She is an awakening, not an averting power. What is documented in terms of protective practice relates rather to the ritual greeting of the sunrise as an expression of cosmic gratitude.<\/p><p>Yhi has a particular protective function with respect to the growth of life: plants, animals and humans are kept &#8220;under her light&#8221;. A solar eclipse was regarded, within the tradition, as &#8220;Yhi&#8217;s mourning&#8221; and was viewed with concern.<\/p><p>From the ethnographic outside perspective, these practices are part of a broad Aboriginal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The conception of the structure and order of the world within a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmology<\/span> in which natural phenomena are understood as the actions of living beings. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Romanian scholar of religion (1907-1986); shaped the phenomenological method in religious studies.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mircea Eliade<\/span> described this in <em>Australian Religions<\/em> (1973) as &#8220;cosmic religion&#8221;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Female solar deities are less frequent in the history of religions than male ones, but are nonetheless broadly attested: the Japanese Amaterasu, the North Germanic S\u00f3l (also Sunna), the Hittite sun goddess of Arinna, the Etruscan Catha.<\/p><p>Among the Aboriginal Australians themselves, Yhi belongs, together with Wuriupranili and Walu, to a family of female solar powers.<\/p><p>In <em>The Worship of Nature<\/em> (1926), James G. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"James George Frazer (1854-1941); British anthropologist; main work The Golden Bough (1890-1915).\" tabindex=\"0\">Frazer<\/span> compared the circum-global solar cults; Yhi is treated there as one of the few female solar deities of Australia. From the perspective of religious phenomenology, the combination of a female sun and a male moon is unusual; in most cultures it is the other way round.<\/p><p>This gender reversal has prompted various attempts at explanation. Wilhelm Schmidt interpreted it as a reflex of a matriarchal prehistory; Tony Swain sees in it rather a specifically Aboriginal variant that has no universal-evolutionary significance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reception and Research Today<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important primary source for Yhi is K. Langloh Parker&#8217;s collections <em>Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1896) and <em>More Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1898). These books were bestsellers in the Victorian era and established Yhi in popular culture; however, they are distorted by literary reworking.<\/p><p>A. W. Howitt&#8217;s <em>The Native Tribes of South-East Australia<\/em> (1904) supplements the Parker sources with further ethnographic detail. Mircea Eliade integrates Yhi into his religious phenomenology in <em>Australian Religions<\/em> (1973). Tony Swain reflects on the methodological problems of the Yhi source situation in <em>A Place for Strangers<\/em> (1993).<\/p><p>In contemporary Aboriginal art, Yhi is comparatively little present, which is due partly to the limited anchoring of the tradition and partly to the precedence of other figures such as the Rainbow Serpent or Bunjil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Debates and Open Questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Several research debates circle around Yhi. First: how reliable are K. Langloh Parker&#8217;s records? Parker was a very sensitive observer, but her Victorian stylistic reworking altered the original narratives. A critical analysis of the sources is necessary.<\/p><p>Second: what is the relationship of Yhi to other female solar deities of the Aboriginal tradition, Wuriupranili (Tiwi), Walu (Yolngu)? From the perspective of the history of religions, this family of female solar powers is a remarkable phenomenon.<\/p><p>Third: what role does Yhi play in contemporary Karraur identity? The Karraur language community is small today; the tradition lives more in research than in a living practice. The revival of the Karraur religion is the subject of contemporary efforts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yhi and Gender Symbolism in Aboriginal Religion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The gender symbolism of the Aboriginal religions, in which Yhi occupies a special position, deserves a deeper study. While most Aboriginal high deities are conceived as male (&#8220;All-Fathers&#8221; such as Baiame, Bunjil, Daramulun), the solar deities and some Rainbow Serpent aspects are female.<\/p><p>Interesting from the perspective of the anthropology of religion is the observation that in most Aboriginal groups women maintain an independent religious system separate from that of the men. Catherine Berndt systematically described this women&#8217;s tradition in <em>Women&#8217;s Changing Ceremonies in Northern Australia<\/em> (1950) and in later works.<\/p><p>From the perspective of the history of religions, Yhi is perhaps a link between the men&#8217;s and the women&#8217;s tradition: she is female, but belongs to the high-god complex, which was traditionally men&#8217;s knowledge. This dual position is an open field of research within the sociology of religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K. Langloh Parker and the Victorian Reception of Aboriginal Culture<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The role of K. Langloh Parker (1855, 1940) in the Victorian reception of Aboriginal culture deserves a particular historical deepening.<\/p><p>Parker lived as the wife of a sheep farmer in Karraur country in NSW and spent two decades with the local women. Her books were bestsellers in the Victorian world and first established Aboriginal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the handed-down narratives of the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> among a broad Western public.<\/p><p>Her reworking is ambivalent from the perspective of the history of religions: on the one hand she rescued tradition that would otherwise have been lost; on the other hand she overlaid the narratives with Victorian style, which distorted the original narrative form.<\/p><p>Marcie Muir systematically worked through Parker&#8217;s biography and method in <em>My Bush Book<\/em> (1982). This study is an important source for reflecting on the colonial reception of Aboriginal culture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Methodological Reflection and Sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Several methodological problems arise in Yhi research. First: the source situation is thinner than for other Aboriginal figures. K. Langloh Parker is the most important source, alongside a few notes in Howitt.<\/p><p>Second: the Karraur language community is small today; a living tradition is largely lacking. What we know is therefore predominantly reconstructed from older sources, not from current practice.<\/p><p>Third: the gender question, why is the sun female?, is demanding within religious studies and should not be answered hastily with &#8220;matriarchal prehistories&#8221; or other evolutionist theories. Tony Swain&#8217;s cautionary note is authoritative here.<\/p><p>Anyone wishing to study the Yhi complex in its breadth will find on the overview page <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/aboriginal-australia-dreamtime-tjukurpa-and-protective-objects\/\">Aboriginal tradition<\/a> the most important cross-references to related figures such as <a href=\"\/en\/baiame-sky-father-of-the-southeastern-aboriginal-peoples\/\">Baiame<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/bunjil-eagle-creator-of-the-kulin\/\">Bunjil<\/a> and <a href=\"\/en\/rainbow-serpent-serpent-creator-of-aboriginal-religion\/\">Rainbow Serpent<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yhi and Wuriupranili: Female Suns of Australia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The family of female solar deities in Australia deserves a deeper study. Besides Yhi, it includes Wuriupranili (Tiwi, Bathurst and Melville Islands), Walu (Yolngu, Arnhem Land) and several other regional figures. All are female and all bring light and life.<\/p><p>Among the Tiwi it is told that Wuriupranili travels across the sky each morning with a torch; in the evening she extinguishes the torch and sleeps. A similar narrative exists among the Yolngu for Walu. This family kinship is striking from the perspective of the history of religions.<\/p><p>In <em>Australian Religions<\/em> (1973), Mircea Eliade advanced the thesis that this family of female suns represents an old historical-religious stratum. This thesis is speculative, but the material is rich from the perspective of religious phenomenology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K. Langloh Parker and the Victorian Colonial Reception<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K. Langloh Parker (1855, 1940) was a sensitive observer of the Karraur tradition; her books <em>Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1896) and <em>More Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1898) brought Yhi to a broad Victorian public. Marcie Muir&#8217;s biography <em>My Bush Book<\/em> (1982) worked through her life story and method.<\/p><p>Ambivalent from the perspective of the history of religions: Parker&#8217;s books rescued the Karraur tradition that would otherwise have been lost; at the same time they reworked it in a Victorian manner and distorted it romantically. A careful source criticism today separates the two strata.<\/p><p>In a broader sense, Parker is a textbook example of the ambivalent role of colonial ethnography: she preserved indigenous tradition and at the same time translated it into Western contexts of meaning. This dual effect shapes the source situation of Aboriginal religion to this day.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yhi and Aboriginal Creation Narratives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yhi&#8217;s place within the broader family of Aboriginal creation narratives deserves a comparative deepening. Different Aboriginal groups have different narratives of first awakening: the sun, the first ancestors, the creator serpents. Yhi is one of the few explicitly female figures of first awakening.<\/p><p>Interesting from the perspective of religious phenomenology is the structural similarity to the biblical Genesis narrative (&#8220;and there was light&#8221;) and to many other cosmogonic myths. The difference lies in the gender assignment: while in most patriarchal religions the creative word is conceived as male, with Yhi it is female.<\/p><p>In <em>Daughters of the Dreaming<\/em> (1983), Diane Bell systematically described the female aspects of Aboriginal religion. In the Yhi complex the women&#8217;s traditions are particularly prominent, which makes her an important point of reference for a gender-focused <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies cultures and societies comparatively.\" tabindex=\"0\">ethnology<\/span> of religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yhi and the Karraur Language Renaissance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Karraur language is today severely endangered; only a few active speakers remain. Since the 1990s there have been initiatives to revitalise the language, through school instruction, dictionary projects and cultural festival culture. Yhi plays a central role in these initiatives as a figure of cultural identification.<\/p><p>This language renaissance is interesting from the perspective of the sociology of religion. It shows how a religious tradition can be supported through language policy; at the same time it shows how fragile the present-day diversity of Aboriginal languages is.<\/p><p>From the perspective of religious studies, the Karraur renaissance is a rewarding field of research. It illustrates the close interweaving of language, religion and identity, an interweaving that is characteristic of many indigenous traditions worldwide.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s16h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s16h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yhi and Feminist Religious Studies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s16c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s16c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-s16t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-s16t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Feminist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>, which has discovered Yhi as an important point of reference, deserves particular deepening. Diane Bell, Catherine Berndt and others have shown that Aboriginal religion knows a broad female tradition that was often overlooked in older research.<\/p><p>In this reading, Yhi is one of the few explicitly female high figures of Aboriginal religion. She stands in a line with other female creators such as Eingana (in the Murray region), Karaween (among the Kurnai) and some aspects of the Rainbow Serpent.<\/p><p>From the perspective of the anthropology of religion, this re-reading is part of a broader trend in which female deities worldwide are being newly appreciated. Yhi belongs to this movement and stands today at the centre of a gender-focused study of Aboriginal religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2df19ea4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2df19ea4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b99b982 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b99b982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Source Warning: Yhi and the Problem of the Langloh Parker Transmission<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d3b92aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2d3b92aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp261caaf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp261caaf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sun goddess <em>Yhi<\/em> appears in numerous popular and also scholarly accounts of Australian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the handed-down narratives of the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> as a central creator figure who awakens life through her light. As widespread as this account is, it is equally important to note that it rests, in terms of source history, on a narrow basis that must be critically examined.<\/p><p>The name Yhi and the extensive creation narratives in which it appears go back essentially to the collector Katie Langloh Parker, who around the turn from the 19th to the 20th century recorded narratives in the territory of the Euahlayi in northern New South Wales.<\/p><p>Her books, including the collection of Australian legends and the work on the Euahlayi, were formative for the European perception of Australian myths.<\/p><p>Parker, however, worked without secure knowledge of the language, was dependent on intermediaries, and by her own account rendered the narratives in a form prepared for a Western readership. Later reworkings of her texts additionally smoothed and literarised the material.<\/p><p>In addition, in this form Yhi is bound above all to a single language group and may not without further ado be generalised as an all-Australian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>. Australia is not a uniform religious space, but comprises hundreds of independent language groups each with their own traditions.<\/p><p>The practice, customary in popular compilations, of presenting Yhi alongside figures from completely different regions as part of a single Australian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the handed-down narratives of the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> blurs this diversity and does not correspond to the source situation.<\/p><p>Some specialists have also pointed out that individual features of the creation narrative as told by Parker show echoes of biblical motifs, which raises the question of Christian influence on the recorded version, without this being able to be conclusively settled.<\/p><p>From this no devaluation of the figure follows, but rather a methodological caution. Yhi is to be treated within religious studies as a figure whose known form is strongly shaped by a colonial collector and by subsequent reworkings.<\/p><p>Statements about Yhi should name the connection to the Euahlayi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">transmission<\/span>, make the mediated character of the Parker texts evident, and refrain from the danger of elevating a local tradition into a pan-Australian creation mythology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (Selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>K. Langloh Parker: <em>Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1896)<\/li><li>K. Langloh Parker: <em>More Australian Legendary Tales<\/em> (1898)<\/li><li>A. W. Howitt: <em>The Native Tribes of South-East Australia<\/em> (1904)<\/li><li>Tony Swain: <em>A Place for Strangers<\/em> (1993)<\/li><li>Mircea Eliade: <em>Australian Religions<\/em> (1973)<\/li><li>James G. Frazer: <em>The Worship of Nature<\/em> (1926)<\/li><li>Lynne Hume: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ancestor venerated in many cultures as a protective power.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ancestral<\/span> Power<\/em> (2002)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Related key terms: Yhi Karraur Aboriginal sun goddess Dreaming Bahloo.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yhi\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and Protective Traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard draws on the cultural-historical tradition of portable protective objects, in the tradition of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/aboriginal-australia-dreamtime-tjukurpa-and-protective-objects\/\">Aboriginal<\/a> and many other cultures worldwide. 41 layers, solid gold, platinum, silver, made in Germany. 30-day right of return.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/about-iwell-guard-the-protective-pendant-in-detail\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about the iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about the iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Personal experiences may vary. Not a medical device. No healing promise.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yhi-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yhi-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard is <strong>not a medical device<\/strong> and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. The religious-studies content is cultural-historical classification, not a recommendation for spiritual practice.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yhi, Sun Goddess of the Karraur and Creator of Life Yhi is the sun goddess of the Karraur and several neighbouring Aboriginal groups in south-eastern Australia. She is regarded as the creator of life, who awakened the world with her first sunrise in the Dreaming. GoddessAboriginalSun goddess Table of Contents Overview and Brief Profile Yhi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6474,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yhi Aboriginal sun goddess","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yhi: Aboriginal Sun Goddess, Myth and Sources","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yhi is the sun goddess of the Karraur Aboriginal people and creator of life. A religious-studies overview with myth and sources.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-6473","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yhi: Aboriginal Sun Goddess, Myth and Sources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yhi is the sun goddess of the Karraur Aboriginal people and creator of life. 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