{"id":6432,"date":"2026-05-13T20:33:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/malina-sun-goddess-of-the-inuit\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:30:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:30:01","slug":"malina-sun-goddess-of-the-inuit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/malina-sun-goddess-of-the-inuit\/","title":{"rendered":"Malina: Sun Goddess of the Inuit"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6432\" class=\"elementor elementor-6432 elementor-2662 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Malina: Sun Goddess and Sister of the Moon in the Inuit Tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the central Arctic <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inuit-and-the-arctic-sedna-tornit-and-protective-practice\/\">Inuit<\/a> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>, Malina is the sun goddess, sister of the moon <a href=\"\/en\/igaluk-moon-god-of-the-inuit-tradition\/\">Igaluk<\/a>, and protagonist of one of the central Inuit myths. Her flight from her brother explains the separation of day and night. Within the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">study of religion<\/span>, she is the paradigmatic female sun goddess of the circumpolar region.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Goddess of the Inuit tradition.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inuit-and-the-arctic-sedna-tornit-and-protective-practice\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the Inuit tradition.\">Inuit<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Sun goddess.\">Sun Goddess<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-malinainui-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-malinainui-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-malinainui-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_inuit_malina-inuit-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6433\" alt=\"Malina Inuit: gods from the Inuit tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_inuit_malina-inuit-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_inuit_malina-inuit-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_inuit_malina-inuit-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_inuit_malina-inuit.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-malina-inuit elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-malina-inuit\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-malina-inuit\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-malina-inuit\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-malina-inuit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-malina-inuit\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Malina is the <strong>Inuit sun goddess<\/strong> and sister of the moon god Igaluk in Arctic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted narratives about gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification and Short Profile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Inuit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>, Malina is the sun in personified female form.<\/p><p>From the perspective of the study of religion, it is notable that the Inuit tradition, like most circumpolar and northern European traditions, conceives of the sun as female and the moon as male, in contrast to many Mediterranean traditions in which the polarity is reversed.<\/p><p>This gender attribution is an important feature within the phenomenology of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>.<\/p><p>Malina is not an independent, self-standing <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, but is always named in relation to the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> surrounding her brother Igaluk.<\/p><p>Her flight into the sky and her permanent pursuit by Igaluk structure the daily cycle and thereby the basic order of time. This narrative binding to Igaluk is, within the phenomenology of religion, a distinct phenomenon in its own right.<\/p><p>Despite this narrative binding, Malina has her own <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> functions, above all in the sphere of women&#8217;s practices, purity, birth, and the cold winter, whose end is marked by her return after the polar night.<\/p><p>Her religious significance is closely tied to the Arctic annual cycle and makes her a key figure in the cyclical conception of time among the Inuit.<\/p><p>The sun goddess Malina, who is always transmitted in relation to the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> surrounding her brother Igaluk, has been studied by more recent research using broadened methodological approaches that combine ethnographic precision, linguistic source criticism, and a comparative perspective.<\/p><p>Today the Inuit knowledge community itself is part of this research and corrects older Western attributions, some of them shaped by colonialism.<\/p><p>Further insight is provided by the sociological-of-religion question of Malina&#8217;s function in the social order of the traditional Inuit community.<\/p><p>Since her ritual significance was bound to women&#8217;s practices, birth, and the annual cycle, she shows that the religious structure was not separated from social practice but closely interwoven with it. This interweaving forms a distinct field of religious anthropology that Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Laugrand and Jarich Oosten in particular have studied systematically.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Etymology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name Malina is most frequently attested in the West Greenlandic dialect. Etymologically it is not conclusively explained, but it may be related to the stem <em>mali\u014b\u014buq<\/em>, which denotes pursuing. Within the study of religion this fits the narrative, in which the structure of pursuit is the central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>.<\/p><p>Other names for the sun in the Inuit languages are <em>seqineq<\/em>, <em>siqiniq<\/em>, or <em>siqinniq<\/em>. These names, however, denote primarily the celestial object, not the personified goddess.<\/p><p>The distinction is important within the study of religion: not every designation for the sun carries the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> figure of Malina. Methodological care in working with sources is decisive here.<\/p><p>In Iglulik the form Akycha or Malik appears, in East Greenland Naajaa. The regional variation corresponds to the general linguistic diversity of the Inuit world and should be taken into account in scholarly treatment within the study of religion. A systematic linguistic synthesis is still outstanding.<\/p><p>In comparative <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without commitment to belief.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>, Malina fits the pattern of circumpolar religious topography, which is preserved across thousands of kilometers in a remarkably consistent structure. This structural stability is, within the phenomenology of religion, among the most remarkable findings of the discipline and continues to be discussed to this day.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Incest-Flight Myth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The core myth about Malina is identical to the Igaluk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> and was already described there. From Malina&#8217;s perspective it is a narrative of female self-assertion and of the creation of cosmic order through independent flight. This perspective is productive within the study of religion and was made explicit by Birgitte Sonne and Pamela Stern.<\/p><p>Malina marks her brother with soot, recognizes his identity, cuts off her breasts out of shame, throws them to him, and flees with a bright torch into the sky. Her brightness surpasses that of her brother because she fled first and seized the brighter torch. Igaluk follows but remains behind.<\/p><p>Within the study of religion this narrative is not a passive <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A gift to a deity to express thanks, a request, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifice<\/span> narrative but an act: Malina acts by marking herself, by mutilating herself, by fleeing.<\/p><p>She becomes the sun through her own initiative, not through a divine intervention. This active component deserves particular attention within the phenomenology of religion and differs from purely sacrifice-oriented sun myths.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sun, Darkness, and the Arctic Annual Cycle<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Malina&#8217;s religious significance is shaped by the Arctic annual cycle. The polar night, in which the sun does not rise above the horizon for weeks, was a religiously charged state. Malina&#8217;s return in spring was greeted <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to a fixed sequence of religious actions.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritually<\/span>, in some regions with small festivals, in others with particular taboos.<\/p><p>Rasmussen reports from Iglulik that at the first sight of the sun after the polar night children sang special chants with which they greeted the returning sun goddess.<\/p><p>This practice was not comparable to the intense festive culture of southern sun cults, but had its own ritual depth and significance within the study of religion as an Arctic sun-greeting ritual.<\/p><p>In summer, when the sun does not set, Malina was a different presence: constantly visible, bright, in some respects overwhelming. The doubling of absence and omnipresence is, within the phenomenology of religion, a distinctive feature of Arctic sun veneration and produces a religious rhythm of experience that is not possible in temperate climate zones.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Malina and Women's Practice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Malina is close in religious practice to women in particular. At birth, during menstruation, and in the taboo phases that shape women&#8217;s lives, she was <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span>.<\/p><p>The religious idea was that the sun, as an older, tested woman, was receptive to the experiences of human women. This constellation of empathy is, within the phenomenology of religion, a distinct phenomenon.<\/p><p>Certain rituals, such as cleansing baths in the snow or the wearing of particular <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulets<\/span>, were associated with Malina. Within the study of religion this belongs to the broader class of female sun venerations, which are attested in variations across the circumpolar region and form a comparative field of research in their own right.<\/p><p>Among the Caribou Inuit this connection was less pronounced than among the Iglulik. The regional variation is considerable and should not be combined into a unified Malina <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the belief of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>. The scholarly task within the study of religion lies in differentiated regional description rather than a harmonizing synthesis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Sun as a Symbol of Hope and Time<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In shamanic practice, Malina could be invoked as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of hope. In illness, hunger, or despair, her return from the polar night was interpreted as a model of an upturn.<\/p><p>Shamans did not travel in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An altered state of consciousness with narrowed attention; deliberately induced in shamanic and mediumistic practice.\" tabindex=\"0\">trance<\/span> primarily to the sun as they did to the moon, but they could draw on her power as a support.<\/p><p>In terms of time, Malina structures the daily cycle. While the lunar cycles determine the months, the sun gives the day and the season. Within the study of religion, this complementary structure of time is an important element of Inuit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The conception of the structure and order of the world within a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmology<\/span> and makes the sibling pair Malina and Igaluk a calendrical-religious dyad.<\/p><p>In contemporary Inuit art, Malina is present, often in a diptych with Igaluk. The asymmetry of the two siblings, their conflict, their pursuit, is made artistically productive. Within the phenomenology of religion, this shows the continuing vitality of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> and its capacity to serve as artistic inspiration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparison with Other Sun Goddesses<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Female sun deities are widespread in the circumpolar and northern European region. The <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/sami-and-finno-ugric-tradition-noaidi-and-drum\/\">Sami<\/a> Beaivi, the Finno-Ugric P\u00e4iv\u00e4t\u00e4r, the Germanic S\u00f3l, the Baltic Saul\u0117, and the Japanese Amaterasu form a comparable class of sun goddesses.<\/p><p>Within the study of religion this distribution is not coincidental. It reflects a broad northern gender attribution of the celestial bodies, which forms a distinct region in the global comparative perspective. The historical-religious depth of this layer is the subject of ongoing research and should not lead to premature constructions of universalism.<\/p><p>Within the Inuit tradition, Malina stands in a complementary relationship to Igaluk, similar to <a href=\"\/en\/sedna-inuit-mistress-of-the-sea\/\">Sedna<\/a> to <a href=\"\/en\/anguta-father-of-sedna-and-keeper-of-the-underworld\/\">Anguta<\/a>. The sibling pairs form a recurring religious pattern and are, within the phenomenology of religion, a distinct structural pattern of Inuit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the belief of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mission and Modern Reception<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The mission attacked Malina less than Sedna or Tornarssuk, because her function was not directly connected with <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists interact with the world of spirits.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanism<\/span> or taboo structures. Nevertheless, the incest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> was in part perceived as offensive and held back in public narration.<\/p><p>In contemporary Inuit culture, Malina is present as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands representatively for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolic<\/span> figure, often in a feminist reading as an example of female self-assertion against sexualized violence. This modern appropriation is not historically verifiable within the study of religion, but it is culturally relevant and an example of the activation of traditional narratives in current discourse.<\/p><p>In textbooks and museums, Malina is conveyed with caution. The historical-religious depth of her figure is increasingly acknowledged without a systematic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the belief of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> being reconstructed. This caution is appropriate in the teaching of religion, because the source situation does not permit a harmonizing synthesis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research and the Current State of Knowledge<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Research on Malina is interwoven with research on Igaluk. Rasmussen, Boas, Birket-Smith, and Merkur are the main sources. There is no independent monograph on Malina, which itself mirrors the history of the research: the male side of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> received attention longer than the female side.<\/p><p>Current research, especially in the work of Birgitte Sonne and Pamela Stern, emphasizes Malina&#8217;s own religious function more strongly and does not present her merely as the one pursued by her brother.<\/p><p>This shift of perspective is productive within the study of religion and corresponds to a broader feminist reformatting of the religious history of indigenous cultures.<\/p><p>In the future of Inuit religious research, a more precise treatment of the women&#8217;s rituals surrounding Malina would be desirable, as far as the sources allow. Such treatment would substantially supplement the overall picture of the Inuit pantheon and correct the research situation, which has been one-sidedly shaped by the male side.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lexicon Cross-References<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Malina connects with <a href=\"\/en\/igaluk-moon-god-of-the-inuit-tradition\/\">Igaluk<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/sedna-inuit-mistress-of-the-sea\/\">Sedna<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/sila-world-breath-and-weather-lord-of-the-inuit\/\">Sila<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/pinga-mistress-of-land-animals-and-of-women-in-childbirth\/\">Pinga<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/anguta-father-of-sedna-and-keeper-of-the-underworld\/\">Anguta<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/nanook-polar-bear-lord-of-the-inuit-tradition\/\">Nanook<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/tornarssuk-great-protective-spirit-of-the-inuit-shamans\/\">Tornarssuk<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/tupilak-artificial-revenge-spirit-of-the-greenlandic-inuit\/\">Tupilak<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/qailertetang-weather-companion-and-guardian-of-animals\/\">Qailertetang<\/a>. The cultural hub <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inuit-and-the-arctic-sedna-tornit-and-protective-practice\/\">Inuit tradition<\/a> frames the solar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the belief of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>. Structurally similar sun goddesses are found in the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/sami-and-finno-ugric-tradition-noaidi-and-drum\/\">Sami<\/a> series of entries under <em>Beaivi<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f9cc2de e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2f9cc2de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2aefe3ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2aefe3ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Pursuit Narrative of Sun and Moon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24aa4a16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24aa4a16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2de6ed82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2de6ed82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The best-known <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> about Malina, the female figure frequently referred to in English-language ethnography as the <em>Sun Sister<\/em>, is the narrative of siblings who, after a breach of the social taboo, become the sun and the moon.<\/p><p>In the versions recorded by Knud Rasmussen during the Fifth Thule Expedition (1921 to 1924), for example in <em>Intellectual Culture of the Iglulik Eskimos<\/em>, the narrative describes how a brother secretly importunes his sister in the darkness of a gathering house.<\/p><p>The sister colors her hands with soot in order to mark the unknown assailant. When she discovers the soot marks on her brother&#8217;s face the next day, she seizes a burning torch and flees.<\/p><p>The brother pursues her, but his torch partly goes out and only smolders. Both rise into the sky: the sister becomes the brightly shining sun, the brother the more dimly shining moon, who has chased her ever since without ever catching up.<\/p><p>The narrative simultaneously explains several observations: why the sun and the moon follow one another across the sky, why the moon shines less brightly than the sun, and in some versions the spots on the lunar disk as soot marks. Within the study of religion it is to be read as an aetiological <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> that at the same time marks the gravest social offense, incest, as the origin of the cosmic order. The regional distribution of the narrative reaches from Greenland across the Canadian Arctic to Alaska, with considerable differences in names and details. The name Malina itself is attested above all from Greenlandic traditions, while other Inuit groups name the sun sister differently or give her no fixed name.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a334bb7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2a334bb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26328bea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26328bea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Source Situation and the Risk of Generalization<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ded0565 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2ded0565\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d14b225 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2d14b225\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> about Malina is difficult in terms of source criticism, and every account must disclose this limitation. There are no pre-colonial written sources; all knowledge derives from records compiled from the 19th century onward by missionaries, whalers, traders, and ethnographers.<\/p><p>The most important collection is owed to Knud Rasmussen, who, as the son of a family partly of Inuit descent, spoke Greenlandic and thereby had more direct access to the storytellers than many other researchers.<\/p><p>Nevertheless, the material remains incomplete. The Inuit do not form a uniform culture but a group of regionally distinct communities distributed across the entire circumpolar Arctic, with different dialects and traditions.<\/p><p>The name Malina and the sun-sister narrative associated with it are not equally attested everywhere. In West Greenland the form is better documented than elsewhere, and it is methodologically inadmissible to infer a pan-Inuit sun deity from a Greenlandic version.<\/p><p>In addition, many early collectors tore the narratives out of the context in which they were performed. Inuit narratives were bound to season, occasion, and storyteller; their fixation in writing turned them into static texts. Within the study of religion, Malina is therefore better understood as a regionally bound figure of a widespread narrative motif than as a clearly delineated goddess in the sense of the Mediterranean pantheons. Research, for example by Daniel Merkur in <em>Becoming Half Hidden<\/em> (1985), has emphasized that Inuit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The conception of the structure and order of the world within a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmology<\/span> was determined less by named high gods than by beings such as the Sea Woman and by shamanic practices.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (Selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Knud Rasmussen: <em>Intellectual Culture of the Iglulik Eskimos<\/em> (Copenhagen 1929)<\/li><li>Franz Boas: <em>The Central Eskimo<\/em> (Washington 1888)<\/li><li>Daniel Merkur: <em>Becoming Half Hidden<\/em> (Stockholm 1985)<\/li><li>Birgitte Sonne: <em>Heaven Negotiated. Hell Imagined<\/em> (Copenhagen 2017)<\/li><li>Pamela Stern: <em>Historical Dictionary of the Inuit<\/em> (Lanham 2013)<\/li><li>Hinrich Rink: <em>Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo<\/em> (Edinburgh 1875)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-malinainuit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-malinainuit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-malinainuit-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-malinainuit-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the narratives of the Inuit, Malina is the sister of <strong>Igaluk<\/strong>, the moon, from whose advances she flees to the sky and has ever since traced her path as the sun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Related key terms: Malina Inuit sun goddess Akycha Iglulik polar night moon-sun <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> incest flight.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-malina-inuit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and Traditions of Protection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard ties in with the cultural-historical tradition of wearable protective objects, in the tradition of the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inuit-and-the-arctic-sedna-tornit-and-protective-practice\/\">Inuit<\/a> and many other cultures worldwide. 41 layers, solid gold, platinum, silver, made in Germany. 30-day right of return.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-ccb\" 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2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Personal experiences may vary. Not a medical device. No promise of healing.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-malinainui-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-malinainui-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard is <strong>not a medical device<\/strong> and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. The content from the study of religion is cultural-historical contextualization, not a recommendation for spiritual practice.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malina: Sun Goddess and Sister of the Moon in the Inuit Tradition In the central Arctic Inuit tradition, Malina is the sun goddess, sister of the moon Igaluk, and protagonist of one of the central Inuit myths. Her flight from her brother explains the separation of day and night. Within the study of religion, she [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6433,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Malina Inuit sun goddess","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Malina: Inuit Sun Goddess and Sister of Igaluk","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Malina is the sun goddess of the Inuit, sister and the pursued of the moon Igaluk. A study of religion overview with myth and sources.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"class_list":["post-6432","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Malina: Inuit Sun Goddess and Sister of Igaluk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Malina is the sun goddess of the Inuit, sister and the pursued of the moon Igaluk. 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