{"id":6401,"date":"2026-05-13T20:35:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:35:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/jabmiidaibmu-land-of-the-dead-and-realm-of-the-deceased-of-the-sami\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T14:02:07","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T14:02:07","slug":"jabmiidaibmu-land-of-the-dead-and-realm-of-the-deceased-of-the-sami","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/jabmiidaibmu-land-of-the-dead-and-realm-of-the-deceased-of-the-sami\/","title":{"rendered":"Jabmiidaibmu &#8211; Land of the Dead and Realm of the Deceased of the S\u00e1mi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6401\" class=\"elementor elementor-6401 elementor-2672 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jabmiidaibmu - Land of the Dead and Subterranean Realm of the Deceased in the S\u00e1mi Tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu, also written Jamiaibmu, J\u00e1bme-aibmu or Jamijmo, is the land of the dead of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Originating from the period before the spread of Christianity.\" tabindex=\"0\">pre-Christian<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/sami-and-finno-ugric-tradition-noaidi-and-drum\/\">S\u00e1mi<\/a> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>. It lies beneath the earth and is the dwelling place of the deceased. In terms of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>, it belongs to the broad class of subterranean underworlds found in circumpolar and Northern European mythologies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Death spirits of the S\u00e1mi tradition.\">Death Spirits<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/sami-and-finno-ugric-tradition-noaidi-and-drum\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the S\u00e1mi tradition.\">Sami<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Land of the dead and underworld.\">Land of the Dead and Underworld<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6402\" alt=\"Jabmiidaibmu - spirits from the S\u00e1mi tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification and Brief Profile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu is the subterranean land of the dead of the S\u00e1mi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>. The sources describe it as a cold, shadowy place where the deceased continue to exist, though not in the same form as they did on earth.<\/p><p>The term is composed of <em>j\u00e1bmi<\/em>, meaning &#8220;dead person,&#8221; and <em>\u00e1ibmu<\/em>, meaning &#8220;world&#8221; or &#8220;realm.&#8221; Jabmiidaibmu thus literally means &#8220;world of the dead&#8221; or &#8220;realm of the dead.&#8221; The etymology is linguistically clear and well documented in religious studies.<\/p><p>In terms of religious studies, Jabmiidaibmu belongs to the broad class of subterranean underworlds represented in numerous religions. Structurally comparable examples include the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inuit-and-the-arctic-sedna-tornit-and-protective-practice\/\">Inuit<\/a> Adlivun (see <a href=\"\/en\/anguta-father-of-sedna-and-keeper-of-the-underworld\/\">Anguta<\/a>), the Greek underworld Hades, the Old Norse Helheim, and the Mesopotamian Kurnugia.<\/p><p>The realm of the dead known as Jabmiidaibmu has also been examined in recent scholarship using expanded methods that combine ethnographic precision, linguistic source criticism, and comparative perspective.<\/p><p>The S\u00e1mi knowledge community is itself now part of this research and critically reassesses older Western interpretations of the realm of the dead where they were shaped by colonial patterns of thought.<\/p><p>As a subterranean realm of the deceased, Jabmiidaibmu fits into the pattern of a circumpolar religious topography that recurs across vast distances. The fact that this structure preserves its basic features across thousands of kilometres is one of the most remarkable findings of comparative <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> and continues to be discussed to this day.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Etymology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name Jabmiidaibmu is a linguistically transparent compound. <em>J\u00e1bmi<\/em> or <em>j\u00e1met<\/em> means &#8220;dead,&#8221; &#8220;deceased,&#8221; or &#8220;departed&#8221; in S\u00e1mi. <em>\u00c1ibmu<\/em> or <em>aibmu<\/em> means &#8220;world,&#8221; &#8220;realm,&#8221; or &#8220;sphere.&#8221; The compound is productive in S\u00e1mi and belongs to standard terminology.<\/p><p>Etymologically, the root <em>j\u00e1bmi<\/em> is related to the Finnish <em>j\u00e4m\u00e4<\/em>, meaning &#8220;remainder&#8221; or &#8220;last portion,&#8221; and belongs to the Finno-Ugric core vocabulary. The depth of this root in the history of religion is considerable and points to an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> stratum of conceptions of the dead.<\/p><p>Dialectal variants include Jamijmo in Southern S\u00e1mi, Jamiaibmu in Ume S\u00e1mi, and J\u00e1bme-aibmu in Northern S\u00e1mi usage. This variety reflects the general dialectal differentiation.<\/p><p>From a sociology-of-religion perspective, one may additionally ask what function the concept of Jabmiidaibmu served within the social order of the traditional S\u00e1mi community, for instance in dealing with death, grief, and the relationship to the deceased.<\/p><p>Religious conception and social practice were not separate here but closely interwoven. This interweaving constitutes a distinct field of religious anthropology that has been studied systematically above all by H\u00e5kan Rydving and Konsta Kaikkonen.<\/p><p>A further dimension concerns the significance of the land of the dead for S\u00e1mi identity politics today. With S\u00e1mi self-governance and the international recognition of indigenous rights, the transmitted religious conceptions are once again gaining greater visibility.<\/p><p>How religious scholarship and political recognition intersect in this process constitutes a distinct field to which scholarship has devoted increasing attention in recent years.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Topography and Description<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu lies beneath the earth and is not directly accessible. The deceased are guided there after death, and only shamans can travel there in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An altered state of consciousness with narrowed attention; deliberately induced in shamanic and mediumistic practice.\" tabindex=\"0\">trance<\/span> in order to see or consult the dead.<\/p><p>In the sources, above all in Schefferus, Leem, and L\u00e6stadius, Jabmiidaibmu is described as a cold, dark, shadowy place. The deceased continue to exist there in a weaker form, often as a mirror image of their earthly existence, but with diminished vitality.<\/p><p>From a phenomenology-of-religion perspective, this conception is not a moral tribunal of punishment in the Christian sense. Jabmiidaibmu is not hell but a realm of the dead that receives all the deceased regardless of how they lived. This conception, remote from ethics, is a distinct phenomenon in the phenomenology of religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Path to the Realm of the Dead<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The path to the realm of the dead is described in detail in the S\u00e1mi sources. The soul of the deceased crosses an icy tundra, crosses a river or a mountain, and finally enters Jabmiidaibmu through a fissure beneath the earth.<\/p><p>At this threshold stand various guardians or wardens who test the soul. In some sources the guardian is an Akka figure, in others a male <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A non-corporeal being to which an effect in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span>. This notion of guardians is typical in the phenomenology of religion for transitions into the realm of the dead.<\/p><p>Shamans who traveled to Jabmiidaibmu in trance also had to traverse this path. Concrete descriptions of the shamanic journey to Jabmiidaibmu are detailed in the sources, for example in Schefferus, who records a lengthy account by a noaidi of his trance journey to Jabmiidaibmu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Dead in Jabmiidaibmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The dead live in Jabmiidaibmu in a form that mirrors their earthly existence but is diminished. They retain their tools, their families, their reindeer herds, but everything in a weaker form than on earth.<\/p><p>This conception is a distinct phenomenon in the phenomenology of religion and sets S\u00e1mi theology of the dead apart from traditions in which the dead pass into an entirely different form of existence. Among the S\u00e1mi, the identity of the deceased is preserved; only the intensity is reduced.<\/p><p>In religious studies, this corresponds to a mirror-image <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> of the realm of the dead, attested in many indigenous religions. The structural correspondence with other traditions is itself a distinct finding in the phenomenology of religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Burial Rituals and Contact with the Dead<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00e1mi burial rituals were closely linked to Jabmiidaibmu. The deceased were buried with tools, jewellery, and sometimes slaughtered reindeer that they would need in the land of the dead. This practice of grave goods is documented in detail in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies cultures and societies comparatively.\" tabindex=\"0\">ethnology<\/span> of religion.<\/p><p>Contact with the dead was possible through the shamans. In cases of crisis, illness, or family matters, a noaidi could journey to Jabmiidaibmu and consult the dead. This practice was a central element of S\u00e1mi religion in the ethnology of religion.<\/p><p>The dead could also appear of their own accord, above all as dreams or as <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span> that became visible at particular moments. This conception is a distinct phenomenon in the phenomenology of religion and is widespread in many indigenous religions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jabmiidaibmu in Circumpolar Comparison<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu belongs to the broad class of subterranean realms of the dead that are widespread in circumpolar and Northern European religions. Structurally comparable examples include the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inuit-and-the-arctic-sedna-tornit-and-protective-practice\/\">Inuit<\/a> Adlivun (guarded by <a href=\"\/en\/anguta-father-of-sedna-and-keeper-of-the-underworld\/\">Anguta<\/a>), the Old Norse Helheim (guarded by Hel), the Finnish Tuonela (guarded by Tuonen), and the Nenets Ngo&#8217;-jelba.<\/p><p>The distinctive feature of Jabmiidaibmu lies in its detailed topographical description and in the elaborate shamanic practice of journeying there. This depth of tradition is independently significant in the phenomenology of religion and makes S\u00e1mi theology of the dead a well-accessible case study.<\/p><p>Within the Finno-Ugric tradition, the Finnish Tuonela concept is the closest parallel. The structural kinship is considerable and well documented in the history of religion. This kinship points to an ancient shared stratum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mission and Displacement<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Christian mission partially reinterpreted Jabmiidaibmu as hell, partially as purgatory, and partially as limbo. This reinterpretation led to considerable <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> confusion because the S\u00e1mi conception, which stands apart from ethics, could not readily be fitted into the Christian moral schema.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> practice of burial was profoundly altered by the mission. Grave goods were prohibited, and shamanic journeys to the realm of the dead were criminalized. Remnants of the tradition have survived in family practice and in orally transmitted narratives.<\/p><p>In religious studies, this history of mission is a distinct field of research. The postcolonial reappraisal of S\u00e1mi theology of the dead has made considerable progress in recent decades and corrects the older missionary-influenced portrayal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research and Current State<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Research on Jabmiidaibmu is extensive. H\u00e5kan Rydving, Juha Pentik\u00e4inen, Anna Lia Berthelsen, and Konsta Kaikkonen have studied the theology of the dead systematically and identified the specifically S\u00e1mi configuration.<\/p><p>In contemporary S\u00e1mi culture, Jabmiidaibmu is present in joik texts, in S\u00e1mi literature, and in the visual arts. Writers such as Nils-Aslak Valkeap\u00e4\u00e4 have drawn productively on the concept of the realm of the dead.<\/p><p>The scholarly reappraisal of Jabmiidaibmu is ongoing. Concrete research gaps exist in the precise relationship between Jabmiidaibmu and <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/saivo-sacred-mountain-and-lake-realm-of-the-sami\/\">Saivo<\/a> as a second subterranean world in the S\u00e1mi tradition. This doubling of the underworld is independently significant in the phenomenology of religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lexicon Cross-References<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu connects with <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/saivo-sacred-mountain-and-lake-realm-of-the-sami\/\">Saivo<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/beaivi-sun-goddess-of-the-sami\/\">Beaivi<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/mannu-moon-god-of-the-sami\/\">M\u00e1nnu<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/rahka-father-god-of-the-sami-religion\/\">R\u00e1hka<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/stallo-man-eating-giant-of-sami-tradition\/\">Stallo<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/sara-akka-birth-goddess-of-the-sami\/\">Sara-Akka<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/uksakka-door-goddess-and-guardian-of-the-threshold-of-the-sami\/\">Uksakka<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/juksakka-bow-goddess-and-protector-of-boys\/\">Juksakka<\/a>, and <a href=\"\/en\/madderakka-primordial-mother-and-highest-akka-of-the-sami\/\">Madderakka<\/a>. The culture hub <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/sami-and-finno-ugric-tradition-noaidi-and-drum\/\">S\u00e1mi tradition<\/a> frames the theology of the dead. Structurally similar realms of the dead can be found in the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inuit-and-the-arctic-sedna-tornit-and-protective-practice\/\">Inuit<\/a> entry series under <em>Anguta<\/em> and Adlivun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2483344c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2483344c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21ce3fd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp21ce3fd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source Situation: Missionary and Folkloric Records<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp208326bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp208326bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2255c84e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2255c84e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Of <em>Jabmiidaibmu<\/em>, the ruler of the S\u00e1mi realm of the dead <em>J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu<\/em>, not a single pre-Christian text written by the S\u00e1mi themselves has survived. All knowledge comes second-hand: from the records of Lutheran missionaries of the 17th and early 18th centuries and from later folkloric collections.<\/p><p>The most important early witnesses are the Danish-Norwegian missionary reports, in particular the manuscripts associated with Thomas von Westen&#8217;s Missionscollegium, as well as the works of Isaac Olsen and Jens Kildal.<\/p><p>These sources are doubly filtered. First, they come from people who fought the S\u00e1mi religion and described it as <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A pejorative term for ideas regarded as unfounded in religious terms.\" tabindex=\"0\">superstition<\/span> or devil-worship. Second, many names and terms were written down phonetically, without uniform orthography, which is why the form of the name varies considerably.<\/p><p>Scholars of religion such as H\u00e5kan Rydving have pointed out that the seemingly systematic lists of deities found in missionary texts are partly constructions that pressed S\u00e1mi conceptions into a familiar schema.<\/p><p>Regional diversity adds further complexity. S\u00e1mi culture extends across Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula, with several distinct languages. A figure appearing in Southern S\u00e1mi sources need not have played the same role in Northern S\u00e1mi or Skolt S\u00e1mi traditions.<\/p><p>Statements about Jabmiidaibmu should therefore always be accompanied by the question of which region and which recording layer they derive from.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fb0f9b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2fb0f9b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ae0b2b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ae0b2b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu as a Place: the Realm of the Dead beneath the Earth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29eae327 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp29eae327\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c64f801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c64f801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the transmitted conceptions, <em>J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu<\/em> is first and foremost a place, a realm of the dead imagined as lying beneath the earth, and only secondarily a personified ruler of that realm.<\/p><p>The S\u00e1mi word contains the stem for &#8220;the dead&#8221; (<em>j\u00e1bmek<\/em>) and an element meaning &#8220;world&#8221; or &#8220;realm.&#8221; According to the records, the dead led an existence there that resembled earthly life, with reversed or mirrored features.<\/p><p>The relationship between the living and the realm of the dead was not definitively severed. Several sources report that the <em>noaidi<\/em>, the S\u00e1mi ritual specialist, could descend to the dead in trance in order to conduct negotiations, for example in cases of illness.<\/p><p>Illness was partly interpreted as the dead calling a living person to them. The noaidi would then attempt to offer a substitute gift, frequently an animal.<\/p><p>In this context the personified ruler appears. She is the authority with whom negotiations are conducted, the one who accepts or rejects <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span>.<\/p><p>Unlike the Christian figure of Death, she is not drawn as unambiguously threatening or punitive; she administers a realm to which every human being is assigned, and she remains indistinct in the sparse sources.<\/p><p>This indistinctness is not a deficiency of the figure but a consequence of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>: the missionaries were interested in what they could condemn as idolatry, not in the subtle features of a ruler of the hereafter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliography (Selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Johannes Schefferus: <em>Lapponia<\/em> (Frankfurt 1673)<\/li><li>Knud Leem: <em>Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper<\/em> (Copenhagen 1767)<\/li><li>Lars Levi L\u00e6stadius: <em>Fragmenter i lappska mythologien<\/em> (Manuscript ca. 1840)<\/li><li>H\u00e5kan Rydving: <em>The End of Drum-Time<\/em> (Uppsala 1993)<\/li><li>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen: <em>Saamelaiset<\/em> (Helsinki 1995)<\/li><li>Konsta Kaikkonen: <em>Sami Pre-Christian Religion<\/em> (Helsinki 2020)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Related key terms: Jabmiidaibmu Jamiaibmu J\u00e1bme-aibmu S\u00e1mi land of the dead underworld Noaidi burial rituals.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-jabmiidaibmu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and Protective Traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard draws on the cultural-historical tradition of wearable protective objects, in the tradition of the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/sami-and-finno-ugric-tradition-noaidi-and-drum\/\">S\u00e1mi<\/a> and many other cultures worldwide. 41 layers, real gold, platinum, silver, made in Germany. 30-day return policy.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/about-iwell-guard-the-protective-pendant-in-detail\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about the iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about the iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\">Individual experiences may vary. Not a medical product. No healing promises.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p>iWell Guard is <strong>not a medical product<\/strong> and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. The religious-studies content is cultural-historical classification, not a recommendation for spiritual practice.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jabmiidaibmu &#8211; Land of the Dead and Subterranean Realm of the Deceased in the S\u00e1mi Tradition Jabmiidaibmu, also written Jamiaibmu, J\u00e1bme-aibmu or Jamijmo, is the land of the dead of the pre-Christian S\u00e1mi religion. It lies beneath the earth and is the dwelling place of the deceased. In terms of religious studies, it belongs to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6402,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Jabmiidaibmu S\u00e1mi land of the dead","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Jabmiidaibmu - Land of the Dead in S\u00e1mi Religion","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Jabmiidaibmu is the land of the dead in S\u00e1mi religion, the subterranean realm of the deceased. Academic classification with sources.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"class_list":["post-6401","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spirits"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jabmiidaibmu - Land of the Dead in S\u00e1mi Religion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jabmiidaibmu is the land of the dead in S\u00e1mi religion, the subterranean realm of the deceased. 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