{"id":6102,"date":"2026-05-19T11:48:41","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T11:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yong-wang\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:25:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:25:14","slug":"yong-wang","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/yong-wang\/","title":{"rendered":"Yong-wang"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6102\" class=\"elementor elementor-6102 elementor-3056 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f5c618 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9f5c618\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bdcbdc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bdcbdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff802b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff802b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f180f97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f180f97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yong-wang, Korean Dragon King<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfa5314 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfa5314\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yong-wang is a Korean Dragon King who rules over the sea, the rain and all waters. Yong Wang (Korean \uc6a9\uc655, \u9f8d\u738b), literally &#8220;Dragon King&#8221;, is the principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of water in Korean folk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>. He rules over the seas, rivers, lakes and wells and is regarded as the patron of all water-dwelling creatures.<\/p><p>Like the veneration of Sansin (the mountain god), his worship belongs to the oldest religious layers of Korea and is closely connected with the comparable Dragon King traditions of China and Japan, yet in Korea it developed its own local forms.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a45b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"42a45b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-460f534 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"460f534\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: Personified supreme power within the pantheon of a culture, with clear responsibilities: forces of nature, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/korea\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korean world of gods, shamans and folk spirits.\">Korea<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c596bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c596bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff2e07 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"dff2e07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__dff2e07\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__dff2e07\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__dff2e07\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2244aa5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2244aa5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9445d34 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9445d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_yong-wang-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6103\" alt=\"Yong Wang - Gods from the Korean tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_yong-wang-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_yong-wang-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_yong-wang-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_yong-wang.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae10e2e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ae10e2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82d6c61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"82d6c61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be604e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be604e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources and Origin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e639b40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e639b40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The notion of the Dragon King has its roots in Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the transmitted tales of gods within a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>, in which Long Wang acts as ruler of the four seas and is venerated in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> complexes.<\/p><p>With the introduction of Buddhism and Confucian learning into Korea in the 4th to 7th centuries, the idea of the Dragon King reached the Korean realm, where it met existing folk-religious notions of a water deity.<\/p><p>The &#8220;Samguk Yusa&#8221; transmits several episodes in which dragons and Dragon Kings play a role in the early history of the Korean kingdoms. The mythical kingdom of Silla is even co-founded by a Dragon King who carries the mother of the third king, Talhae, out of the sea.<\/p><p>James Grayson and Maurizio Riotto have shown in surveys of religious history that the veneration of the Dragon King in Korea was early on linked with royal ideology.<\/p><p>The kings of Silla called themselves &#8220;Sons of the Dragon&#8221;, a practice that was widespread in the East Asian monarchies but took on a particularly prominent form in Silla. This political appropriation of the dragon shaped the Korean pictorial <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> well into the Joseon period.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1913e5b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1913e5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b541514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b541514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-350c604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"350c604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yong Wang is traditionally depicted as a royal figure with a dragon crown and magnificent robes. In some pictorial traditions he appears as a hybrid figure with a dragon&#8217;s head and a human body, in others as an old man with a long beard surrounded by dragons.<\/p><p>His court consists of further water animals such as turtles, carp, octopuses and jellyfish, which in popular tales act as his ministers and messengers.<\/p><p>A remarkable pictorial tradition is the &#8220;yongwang-do&#8221;, the Dragon King panel, found in the Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> of Korea. It shows Yong Wang on a throne under the water, surrounded by his water animals, often accompanied by two female attendants carrying pearls and bowls.<\/p><p>These panels have been standardized since the 17th century and follow their own iconographic convention, which differs from the Chinese models.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-115c720 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"115c720\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45cf17f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45cf17f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sanctuaries and Rites<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37dc5a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37dc5a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important Yong Wang <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuaries<\/span> of Korea are located on the coasts and along the larger rivers. On the east coast, especially in Gangwon Province, numerous shrines (&#8220;yongwang-dang&#8221;) are erected on cliffs and on offshore islands.<\/p><p>On the south coast, particularly on Jeju, there are distinct Dragon King sanctuaries with local <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> traditions. Many rivers and wells also have small Yong Wang shrines that are maintained by local residents.<\/p><p>The most important rites for Yong Wang are petitionary rites of the fishermen, who pray before the season for a rich catch and for protection from storms. Farmers in rain-poor regions also called upon him for rain, in especially dry years with elaborate processions and petitionary dances.<\/p><p>Boudewijn Walraven, in his studies of Korean shamanic practice, has documented how Yong Wang is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> in the &#8220;gut&#8221; rituals, above all in the coastal regions, where the shamanesses frequently call upon him.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebfe83b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ebfe83b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9829d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9829d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yong Wang in Korean Folk Narrative<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18af666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18af666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A particularly well-known tale is the &#8220;Story of the Hare and the Turtle&#8221;, in which the turtle, as messenger of the Dragon King, lures the hare into the underwater realm in order to obtain its liver to heal the ailing Yong Wang.<\/p><p>The cunning hare escapes through a clever claim. This tale belongs to the &#8220;Pansori&#8221; repertoire, the sung narratives of Korean folk tradition, and is widely known in popular culture.<\/p><p>A second, less well-known tradition concerns Queen Heo Hwang-ok, who in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted tale about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of the Karak dynasty comes to Korea by sea as the daughter of a king from the land of Ayodhya (India) and is wed to King Suro.<\/p><p>In some versions her ship is guided by the Dragon King. This tale is today the subject of scholarly debates about possible early maritime connections between Korea and South Asia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b469d78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b469d78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5adce55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5adce55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buddhist Integration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d666fba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d666fba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Like Sansin, Yong Wang too was integrated into the Buddhist temple topography of Korea. In many monasteries, alongside the main Buddha hall, there is a small hall called &#8220;yongwang-gak&#8221; in which Yong Wang is venerated.<\/p><p>This hall is usually built closer to a watercourse or a spring and stands in clear spatial separation from the main area. The integration is structured analogously to the Sansin-gak.<\/p><p>Don Baker has pointed out that the Buddhist appropriation of the water deity was also justified theologically, in that Yong Wang was depicted as a disciple or servant of the Buddha.<\/p><p>In some sutras, above all in the &#8220;Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>&#8220;, Dragon Kings appear as listeners to the teaching, which provides a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the authoritatively recognized body of scriptures of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">canonical<\/span> basis for veneration in the Buddhist context. In Korea this tradition became the standard form.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9fb947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e9fb947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cba9fef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cba9fef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Connection to Jeju and the Seonangsin Tradition<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7ff64f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7ff64f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On the island of Jeju, the veneration of Yong Wang has a particularly pronounced form. The island is covered with numerous sanctuaries, many of which are <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">dedicated<\/span> to the Dragon King or related water deities.<\/p><p>The shamanesses of Jeju, the &#8220;simbang&#8221;, maintain a rich tradition of Yong Wang rites. A central festival is the &#8220;Yeongdeunggut&#8221; in the second lunar month, which honors the goddess Yeongdeung Halmang (an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> water goddess) together with Yong Wang and petitions for a safe fishing season.<\/p><p>On the Korean mainland, Yong Wang is connected with the &#8220;seonangsin&#8221;, the protective gods at village entrances, which are erected in the form of stone cairns or painted poles.<\/p><p>At river crossings and at wells, similar protective objects are set up, which are often directly associated with the Dragon King. Boudewijn Walraven has documented this local diversity in detail in his fieldwork.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58cde8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58cde8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49dbebe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49dbebe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Political and Cultural Symbolism<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0182c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0182c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The dragon was the principal symbol of royal power in Korean royal ideology. The robes of the Joseon kings were adorned with five-clawed dragons, a privilege reserved in the East Asian tradition for the Son of Heaven.<\/p><p>Yong Wang therefore had, as a background figure, an indirect political significance, without occupying a position of his own in the official Confucian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>.<\/p><p>In modern Korean culture the dragon lives on as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>. It appears in brand names, in sports clubs, in films and in advertising. The direct religious veneration of Yong Wang is confined to the coastal regions, to Jeju and to individual mountain monasteries.<\/p><p>In industrial cities it has declined, yet in the fishing harbors it remains alive. Antonetta Bruno has shown in her work how the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> combines with modern tourism culture, for example when the annual Yong Wang festivals are marketed as tourist attractions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ab942 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13ab942\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-957b3b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"957b3b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research and Comparison<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-746903a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"746903a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Research on Yong Wang is part of a broader East Asian study of Dragon Kings that compares Korea, China and Japan. In the Chinese tradition, Long Wang is more strongly bound to the imperial court religion; in Japan, Ryujin is more closely connected with the shrines of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The indigenous religion of Japan, shaped by the veneration of the Kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span>.<\/p><p>In Korea, Yong Wang shows the typical mixed form of folk-religious practice, Buddhist integration and political symbolism. According to James Grayson, this mixed form is characteristic of Korean religiosity as a whole.<\/p><p>Within Korean scholarship, the works on the Jeju tradition (Hyun Yong-jun, Yoon Yong-min) and the religious-sociological studies of coastal fishing (Kim Sun-young) have proved especially important.<\/p><p>Internationally, Yong Wang has been studied less comprehensively than Sansin or the principal shamanic deities, which is due above all to the source situation, which is shaped by folkloric oral <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">transmission<\/span> and is hard to access in Western archives.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12058fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12058fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3c73ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3c73ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yong Wang in Silla and Goryeo Royal Ideology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a129e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a129e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The connection of the Dragon King with royal rule is most strongly tangible, iconographically and textually, in the Silla period (57 BCE to 935 CE).<\/p><p>The &#8220;Samguk Yusa&#8221; reports in the chapter &#8220;Munmu-wang Bobgi&#8221; that King Munmu of Silla (reigned 661 to 681) decreed on his deathbed that he be buried in the sea, so that after his death he might protect the realm from Japanese pirates as the dragon of the East Sea.<\/p><p>His grave, the &#8220;underwater tomb&#8221; Daewangam on the east coast near Gyeongju, is a place of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religiously motivated journey to a sacred site.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrimage<\/span> to this day. His son Sinmun had the Gameunsa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> built in the immediate vicinity, whose main crypt, according to archaeological findings, was constructed in such a way that the Dragon King father could swim into it.<\/p><p>In the Goryeo period (918 to 1392), the royal family Wang systematically adopted the dragon symbolism. The mythical foundation story of the dynasty&#8217;s founder Wang Geon, set down in the &#8220;Goryeo Sa&#8221; (&#8220;History of Goryeo&#8221;, 1451), traces his ancestry over several generations back to a Dragon King of the West Sea.<\/p><p>This genealogical dragon construction was effective in religious-political terms: it bound the royal family to the water deity and thereby to a pre-Buddhist and pre-Confucian religious layer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d652d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d652d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea98ead elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea98ead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buddhist Sutras and the Eight Dragon Kings<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1688d3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1688d3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Buddhist context, Yong Wang appears not as an individual figure but as a representative of the eight Dragon Kings (&#8220;pal yongwang&#8221;), who appear in numerous <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Great Vehicle; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mahayana<\/span> sutras as protective beings of the teaching.<\/p><p>The &#8220;Saddharmapundarika <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>&#8221; (&#8220;Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>&#8220;), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the authoritatively recognized body of scriptures of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">canonical<\/span> in Korean Buddhism since the Silla period, names in its first chapter the eight Dragon Kings as listeners to the Buddha&#8217;s sermon. The individual names Nanda, Upananda, Sagara, Vasuki, Takshaka, Anavatapta, Manasvin and Utpalaka have migrated into the Korean temple tradition through Sanskrit transcriptions.<\/p><p>A particular Korean form is the &#8220;Dharani <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>&#8221; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> in honor of the Dragon Kings, attested in the mountain monasteries of Songgwangsa and Tongdosa. The &#8220;Yongwang-gyeong&#8221;, an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Standing outside the recognized canon.\" tabindex=\"0\">apocryphal<\/span> collection of Dragon King sutras of doubtful Indian origin, was an important devotional text in the late Joseon period.<\/p><p>Robert Buswell has documented, in &#8220;The Zen Monastic Experience&#8221; (Princeton 1992) and in his work on Korean Buddhism, the interplay between the canonical sutra tradition and local Yong Wang veneration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9078f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9078f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c88faf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c88faf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut on Jeju<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0762989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0762989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important major ritual event in honor of the water deities takes place on Jeju in February and March of the lunar calendar.<\/p><p>The &#8220;Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut&#8221;, carried out by the Kim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious specialist credited with mediating between humans and the spirit world.\" tabindex=\"0\">shaman<\/span> family at the Chilmeoridang <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A small sacred place of safekeeping or devotion.\" tabindex=\"0\">shrine<\/span> near Gunhae, lasts several days and is divided into a greeting of the goddess Yeongdeung Halmang on the lunar calendar date 2.1, central rites on 2.14 and a farewell on 2.15. The shamanesses perform &#8220;gut&#8221; sequences for a safe fishing season, a good harvest of seaweed and shellfish, and for the well-being of the Haenyeo, the female diving fisherwomen of Jeju, who dive to the seabed without breathing apparatus.<\/p><p>UNESCO added the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic acts with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> in 2009 to the &#8220;Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity&#8221;. Hyun Yong-jun documented the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic acts with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> in detail in &#8220;Jeju-do musok charyo sajeon&#8221; (Seoul 1980).<\/p><p>Laurel Kendall and Kim Kwang-Ok have analyzed the cultural and socioeconomic significance of the Yeongdeung rites for the Haenyeo communities. At the center stands the close connection of the female diving fishery with a water deity conceived as feminine and maternal, who alongside Yong Wang takes the leading role.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffb664c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ffb664c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e78e0da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e78e0da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources and Literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcf0367 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcf0367\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Primary sources: Iryeon, &#8220;Samguk Yusa&#8221; (1281), chapters on King Munmu, on Tarhae, on Ganyangbu and on the Dragon King tradition; &#8220;Samguk Sagi&#8221; (1145); &#8220;Goryeo Sa&#8221; (1451), chapter on the genealogy of Wang Geon; &#8220;Saddharmapundarika <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>&#8221; (Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>, Korean editions of the Tripitaka Koreana); &#8220;Yongwang-gyeong&#8221; in the late Joseon editions. On the Heo Hwang-ok tradition: &#8220;Karak-guk-gi&#8221; in the &#8220;Samguk Yusa&#8221;. Secondary literature: James H. Grayson, &#8220;Korea: A Religious History&#8221; (Oxford 1989, 2002) and &#8220;Myths and Legends from Korea&#8221; (Richmond 2001); Maurizio Riotto, studies on Korean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the transmitted tales of gods within a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>; Robert E. Buswell, &#8220;The Zen Monastic Experience&#8221; (Princeton 1992) and &#8220;The Korean Approach to Zen&#8221; (Honolulu 1983); Don Baker, &#8220;Korean Spirituality&#8221; (Honolulu 2008); Boudewijn Walraven, &#8220;Songs of the Shaman&#8221; (London 1994); Hyun Yong-jun, &#8220;Jeju-do musok charyo sajeon&#8221; (Seoul 1980); Laurel Kendall, &#8220;Shamans, Nostalgias and the IMF&#8221; (Honolulu 2009); Antonetta Bruno, &#8220;The Gate of Words&#8221; (Leiden 2002); David A. Mason, &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which effects in the world are attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Spirit<\/span> of the Mountains&#8221; (Seoul 1999), with supplementary sections on water deities in the mountain monasteries.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yong-wang, Korean Dragon King Yong-wang is a Korean Dragon King who rules over the sea, the rain and all waters. Yong Wang (Korean \uc6a9\uc655, \u9f8d\u738b), literally &#8220;Dragon King&#8221;, is the principal deity of water in Korean folk religion. He rules over the seas, rivers, lakes and wells and is regarded as the patron of all [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6103,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yong-wang","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yong-wang: Korean Dragon King | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yong-wang is the Korean Dragon King, ruler of the seas and patron of fishermen. Four Yong-wang stand for the four seas.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86,27,58,113],"class_list":["post-6102","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gods","category-goetter","category-korea"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yong-wang: Korean Dragon King | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yong-wang is the Korean Dragon King, ruler of the seas and patron of fishermen. 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