{"id":6082,"date":"2026-05-19T11:53:57","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T11:53:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/marassa\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:24:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:24:58","slug":"marassa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/marassa\/","title":{"rendered":"Marassa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6082\" class=\"elementor elementor-6082 elementor-3060 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bcfcfb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6bcfcfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f852e11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f852e11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d334e17 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d334e17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c3253 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4c3253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marassa, sacred twins of Vodou<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c7ea86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c7ea86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marassa (also Marasa, Marasa Dossou, Marasa Twa) are the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> twin loa of Haitian Vodou and rank among the oldest and most deeply rooted <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span> of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>. Unlike most loa, who appear as individual personalities, the Marassa always appear as a pair or as a group of three.<\/p><p>They are <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> before every major <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn act carried out according to fixed rules.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremony<\/span> and are regarded as mediators between people and the other loa. Their veneration points back to a very old West African <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> of sanctifying twins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a44279a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a44279a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d6a5a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4d6a5a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: A personified supreme power in the pantheon of a culture, with clear domains: natural forces, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/vodou\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Haitian and West African Vodou tradition with lwa beings, which in religious history migrated from West Africa to the Caribbean.\">Vodou<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d62aa48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d62aa48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59817fb elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"59817fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__59817fb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__59817fb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__59817fb\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a99aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e2a99aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2e25dd iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f2e25dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6083\" alt=\"Marassa - gods from the Vodou tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-480bcaf e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"480bcaf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bafae22 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bafae22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fef211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2fef211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">West African roots<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36c3afc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36c3afc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The veneration of the Marassa has its roots in several West African traditions. Among the Yoruba, twins are venerated as Ibeji, one of the central Orisha manifestations with its own rites and images.<\/p><p>Among the Fon in present-day Benin, the birth of twins is likewise regarded as a sacred event that requires special <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> attention. The high rate of twin births in West Africa, in particular in Yoruba land, which has one of the highest twin birth rates in the world, may have contributed to this religious specialization.<\/p><p>In \u00abLe vaudou ha\u00eftien\u00bb, Alfred M\u00e9traux drew the connection between West African twin veneration and the Haitian Marassa and showed that the basic structure, the veneration of twin spirits as a sacred pair, has been preserved in the Caribbean, while the concrete form was reshaped in a Caribbean way.<\/p><p>In \u00abMama Lola\u00bb, Karen McCarthy Brown documented the familial and everyday practice of Marassa veneration and showed that the spirits play a central role above all in households with twins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a158371 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a158371\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31b7ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f31b7ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marassa as child spirits<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789d217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"789d217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Vodou practice, the Marassa appear as children or as youthful spirits. When they ride a believer who serves as their horse, that person behaves childishly, asks for sweets, plays with toys and speaks in a high, sometimes lisping voice.<\/p><p>This childlike manifestation distinguishes them clearly from the adult loa of the other families and creates a special emotional closeness to those present.<\/p><p>In \u00abDivine Horsemen\u00bb, Maya Deren described the childlike appearance of the Marassa as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> statement: they represent the mystery of childhood, of innocent knowledge and of undivided perception.<\/p><p>The Marassa know things that adults do not know, precisely because they have not yet ordered the world into the categories of adult logic. This epistemic privileging of the childlike is an aspect of Vodou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> that has been little researched but plays an important role in religious practice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe0b6ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe0b6ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3bd3ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3bd3ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marassa Dossou and Marassa Twa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52d4095 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52d4095\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Within the Marassa tradition, two main forms are distinguished: Marassa Dossou and Marassa Twa. Marassa Dossou denotes the pair together with a later-born sibling who represents the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which an effect in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> of a deceased twin.<\/p><p>In the traditional West African understanding, the child born after twins is considered spiritually connected to the twins, often as their \u00abcompletion\u00bb. In Haiti this idea is preserved and shapes the families in which twins are born.<\/p><p>Marassa Twa (\u00abThree Marassa\u00bb) denotes a configuration of three made up of two twins and an accompanying spirit, who is often connected with the supreme loa Damballa or appears as a cosmic third.<\/p><p>This threefold structure recalls the Christian Trinity in its structure and was occasionally compared by Vodou practitioners with the Father, Son and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">Holy<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which an effect in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> scheme, without any theological identity being implied. Leslie Desmangles treated this parallel as an example of the \u00abdouble religiosity\u00bb of Vodou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55448c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55448c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d892df6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d892df6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Invocation and ritual practice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed0494f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed0494f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Marassa are invoked before every major Vodou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn act carried out according to fixed rules.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremony<\/span>, often directly after Papa Legba, the loa of the ways and of opening.<\/p><p>Their <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The pleading or conjuring address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> is regarded as a necessary preparation for all further invocations, because the Marassa establish cosmic balance and place the ritual proceedings under their protection. Neglecting the Marassa can, according to Vodou understanding, lead to jealousy among the spirits and to disturbances of the ritual.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span> for the Marassa consist above all of sweets, cakes, bananas, toys and small objects that bring joy to children. A traditional form is the \u00abtable des Marassa\u00bb, a small table with food and gifts that is set up before the main ceremony.<\/p><p>The Marassa are invoked in their own sequence of songs, whose drum rhythm differs clearly from the adult rhythm of the other loa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13187b2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13187b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b1b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7b1b4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Familial practice at twin births<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9895f58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9895f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Haitian families in which twins are born, the veneration of the Marassa is especially intense. The parents carry out special rites throughout their lives in order to nurture the spiritual connection between the earthly twins and the Marassa spirits.<\/p><p>These rites include annual <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A gift to a deity to express thanks, a request or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span>, the setting up of a small <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An elevated place or table for offerings and religious acts.\" tabindex=\"0\">altar<\/span> in the house, the wearing of certain pieces of jewelry and the observance of specific rules of conduct toward the twins.<\/p><p>When one of the twins dies, the survivor is treated with particular care, because according to Vodou understanding he now carries the soul of the deceased as well.<\/p><p>In \u00abMama Lola\u00bb, Karen McCarthy Brown documented these complex familial rites and showed how the Marassa tradition shapes family identity across generations. In transnational Haitian families the tradition is also carried on in the USA and in Canada.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee0d539 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee0d539\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-143df92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"143df92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Syncretic identification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edaa1b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edaa1b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Catholic and Vodou syncretic system, the Marassa are identified with the holy twins Cosmas and Damian, who in the Catholic tradition are venerated as healers.<\/p><p>This identification works well because Cosmas and Damian (3rd century) are venerated as a pair of brothers and both are connected with the art of healing. In the Catholic churches of Haiti, their feast days (26 September) are linked with Vodou rites of the Marassa.<\/p><p>A second line of identification leads to the saints Anianus and Julian or to the \u00abThree Wise Men\u00bb, especially when the Marassa Twa are venerated in their threefold form.<\/p><p>This alternative identification shows the flexibility of syncretic practice: depending on context and on local tradition, different Catholic pairs or groups of saints can serve as visual anchors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfa7760 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cfa7760\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0fe740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0fe740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Theological significance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46c2ba8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46c2ba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Vodou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>, the Marassa embody the principle of pairing and of cosmic doubling. In numerous Vodou texts they are described as the \u00abcosmic twins\u00bb, whose connection constitutes the fundamental pattern of reality.<\/p><p>Maya Deren worked out this idea as central to the Vodou worldview: everything in the world appears in pairs, from the sexes through the succession of day and night to the polar aspects of the loa themselves.<\/p><p>This <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> of pairing connects the Marassa with Damballa and Ayida Wedo, who are likewise venerated as a cosmic pair. Unlike these adult paired deities, however, the Marassa represent the childlike, pre-sexual form of pairing, which is not yet a sexual but a sibling connection.<\/p><p>In \u00abHaiti, History, and the Gods\u00bb, Joan Dayan worked out this theological distinction and showed how it is reflected in the Vodou conception of the person and of relationship.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df2cbf1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df2cbf1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48ac808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48ac808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marassa in the diaspora and in research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c936ebb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c936ebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Haitian diaspora, above all in the USA and in Canada, the veneration of the Marassa is carried on. Karen McCarthy Brown documented how Haitian parents in Brooklyn and Miami continue the Marassa tradition despite urban living conditions, often adapting it to the new cultural circumstances.<\/p><p>Toys available in the USA become a Marassa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A gift to a deity to express thanks, a request or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offering<\/span>; local bakeries supply the cakes that are <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to a fixed religious sequence of actions.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritually<\/span> required.<\/p><p>Scholarly research on the veneration of the Marassa is less extensive than on the prominent loa such as Damballa, Ogou or the Gede. Important contributions come from Maya Deren, Alfred M\u00e9traux, Karen McCarthy Brown and Claudine Michel.<\/p><p>A systematic comparative study of twin veneration in West Africa and in the Caribbean diaspora is not yet available. Sandra Barnes and Henry Drewal provided important comparative material in their work on the Yoruba Ibeji tradition, which can be used for a future comprehensive study of the Marassa tradition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47daaae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47daaae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cd02d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cd02d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Yoruba Ibeji tradition as background<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afafe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5afafe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The West African background of the Marassa can be reconstructed in the greatest detail through the example of the Yoruba Ibeji. Among the Yoruba, twins are understood as sacred persons whose birth requires a special ritual relationship of the family to the Orisha Ibeji.<\/p><p>If one of the twins dies in infancy, the family has an \u00abere ibeji\u00bb wooden figure carved that represents the deceased child and is carried on in family practice: washed, fed, cared for, adorned with small pieces of jewelry.<\/p><p>Marilyn Houlberg systematically documented the tradition in \u00abNotes on Egungun Masquerades among the Oyo Yoruba\u00bb (African Arts 1978) and in several essays for \u00abSacred Arts of Haitian Vodou\u00bb (Cosentino 1995).<\/p><p>In \u00abFlash of the Spirit\u00bb (New York 1983), Robert Farris Thompson argued that the transatlantic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">transmission<\/span> of twin veneration occurred in several waves and that the Haitian Marassa tradition represents a blend of Yoruba Ibeji and Fon Hohovi substrates.<\/p><p>The Hohovi are the twins among the Fon, who receive ritual attention similar to that given to the Ibeji among the Yoruba. The Haitian form integrates both substrates and supplements them with specifically Creole elements, above all the childlike and burlesque manifestation in the Vodou ceremonies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e35c752 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e35c752\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e66fcab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e66fcab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mange-Marasa: the Marassa meal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ef57d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ef57d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important independent <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> for the Marassa is the \u00abmange-marasa\u00bb (\u00abMarassa meal\u00bb), which is celebrated at regular intervals in hounfors with a Marassa bond.<\/p><p>A table is set up with small bowls, in each bowl the same foods in threefold form: three different sweets, three cups of hot chocolate, three bananas, three pieces of corn cake.<\/p><p>A cross of candles is also placed on the floor, with three candles for the three Marassa groups (Marassa Ginen, Marassa Kongo, Marassa Kreyol). Small children from the community are invited to share the meal, since the Marassa eat through the children.<\/p><p>In \u00abMama Lola\u00bb, Karen McCarthy Brown described a concrete mange-marasa in Brooklyn, with notes on the preparation, on the foods and on the reaction of the children.<\/p><p>She shows how the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> strengthens familial and communal bonds and at the same time conveys the theological statement that the Marassa act through the childhood of the children.<\/p><p>Claudine Michel wrote in several essays about the significance of the Marassa for the upbringing of Haitian children and showed that the ritual practice also fulfills a pedagogical function.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f692665 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f692665\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78226f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78226f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The three Marassa nations<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ced90f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ced90f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In developed Vodou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>, the Marassa are understood not only as a pair or a group of three, but are divided into three \u00abnations\u00bb (\u00abnasyon\u00bb) that reflect the three great traditions of origin of Haitian Vodou: Marassa Ginen (African and West African substrate), Marassa Kongo (Congolese substrate) and Marassa Kreyol (originating in Haiti).<\/p><p>Each of these nations has its own songs, its own drum rhythms and its own favorite colors. The Marassa Ginen are venerated in white, the Marassa Kongo in red and blue, the Marassa Kreyol in rainbow-colored cloths.<\/p><p>In \u00abSacred Arts of Haitian Vodou\u00bb (Los Angeles 1995), Donald Cosentino documented the iconographic threefold division.<\/p><p>The division makes clear how Vodou ritualizes its own history of origin: the three nations are meant not only in an ethnic and historical sense, but theologically, as a representation of the three great \u00abways\u00bb (\u00abchemen\u00bb) by which the loa arrived in Haiti.<\/p><p>In \u00abHaiti, History, and the Gods\u00bb, Joan Dayan worked out the cultural-historical significance of this division and interpreted it as a collective self-reflection of Haitian religiosity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98ef929 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"98ef929\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce67125 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce67125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources and literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d8cdef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d8cdef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Secondary literature: Alfred M\u00e9traux, \u00abLe vaudou ha\u00eftien\u00bb (Paris 1958); Maya Deren, \u00abDivine Horsemen\u00bb (New York 1953); Karen McCarthy Brown, \u00abMama Lola\u00bb (Berkeley 1991), especially the chapters on familial Marassa practice; Leslie G. Desmangles, \u00abThe Faces of the Gods\u00bb (Chapel Hill 1992); Joan Dayan, \u00abHaiti, History, and the Gods\u00bb (Berkeley 1995); Donald Cosentino (ed.), \u00abSacred Arts of Haitian Vodou\u00bb (Los Angeles 1995); Patrick Bellegarde-Smith and Claudine Michel (eds.), \u00abHaitian Vodou: Spirit, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">Myth<\/span>, and Reality\u00bb (Bloomington 2006); Claudine Michel, \u00abAspects \u00e9ducatifs et moraux du vodou ha\u00eftien\u00bb (Port-au-Prince 1995). On Yoruba Ibeji: Marilyn Houlberg, \u00abIbeji Images of the Yoruba\u00bb, in \u00abAfrican Arts\u00bb 7 (1973), and contributions in Cosentino (ed.) 1995; Robert Farris Thompson, \u00abFlash of the Spirit\u00bb (New York 1983); Henry John Drewal, \u00abYoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought\u00bb (New York 1989); Babatunde Lawal, \u00abThe Gelede Spectacle: Art, Gender, and Social Harmony in an African Culture\u00bb (Seattle 1996). On the Fon Hohovi tradition: Melville J. Herskovits, \u00abDahomey\u00bb (New York 1938); Suzanne Preston Blier, \u00abAfrican Vodun\u00bb (Chicago 1995).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marassa, sacred twins of Vodou Marassa (also Marasa, Marasa Dossou, Marasa Twa) are the sacred twin loa of Haitian Vodou and rank among the oldest and most deeply rooted spirits of the pantheon. Unlike most loa, who appear as individual personalities, the Marassa always appear as a pair or as a group of three. They [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6083,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Marassa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Marassa: Sacred Twins of Vodou | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Marassa are the sacred twins of Vodou: Dawa and Damba, Dossou and Dossa. Patrons of children and a symbol of duality.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86,27,64,115],"class_list":["post-6082","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gods","category-goetter","category-vodou"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Marassa: Sacred Twins of Vodou | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Marassa are the sacred twins of Vodou: Dawa and Damba, Dossou and Dossa. 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