{"id":5910,"date":"2026-05-13T20:25:34","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:25:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/arinna-sun-goddess-of-arinna\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:32:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:32:58","slug":"arinna-sun-goddess-of-arinna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/arinna-sun-goddess-of-arinna\/","title":{"rendered":"Arinna: sun goddess of Arinna"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5910\" class=\"elementor elementor-5910 elementor-2615 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arinna, sun goddess and highest imperial goddess of the Hittites<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sun goddess of Arinna, Hittite <em>D UTU URU Arinna<\/em>, is the highest female <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of the Hittite state <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>. In the prayers of Queen Pudu\u1e2bepa she is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> as &#8216;Queen of \u1e2aatti, Lady of the Lands&#8217; and is regarded as the protective goddess of the great kings and the guarantor of kingship.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Goddess of the Hittite tradition.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hittite-anatolian-tarhunna-thousands-of-gods-and-protective-practice\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the Hittite tradition.\">Hittite<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"High imperial goddess.\">High imperial goddess<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-arinna-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-arinna-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-arinna-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_arinna-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5911\" alt=\"Arinna - gods from the Hittite tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_arinna-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_arinna-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_arinna-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_arinna.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification and short profile<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sun goddess of Arinna, in short Arinna or Wuru\u0161emu, belongs to the oldest layer of the Anatolian pantheon and is of Hattic origin, that is, pre-Indo-European. In <em>Geschichte der hethitischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religion<\/span><\/em> (1994), Volkert Haas showed that the Hittite great kings officially elevated the Hattic city goddess of Arinna to the highest female imperial deity.<\/p><p>Together with <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/tarhunna-weather-god-of-the-hittites\/\">Tarhunna<\/a> she forms the supreme divine couple of the empire and holds a prominent position in the festival calendar, in the state treaties, and in royal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>.<\/p><p>In her function she is not the sun as a celestial body, but the sovereign of the day and the guarantor of royal dignity. In many inscriptions the Hittite great king calls himself &#8216;My Sun&#8217;, that is, the son or representative of the sun goddess.<\/p><p>In <em>Life and Society in the Hittite World<\/em> (2002), Trevor Bryce described this <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> construction in detail and showed how it grounds the legitimation of kingship.<\/p><p>Arinna differs from the Mesopotamian sun god \u0160ama\u0161 in that she is female; in Anatolia the sun was female, an archaic gender attribution that coincides with the Hattic to Indo-European language boundary and is remarkable in the history of religion.<\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hittite-anatolian-tarhunna-thousands-of-gods-and-protective-practice\/\">Hittite tradition<\/a> thereby preserves a pre-Indo-European Anatolian heritage within an Indo-European-shaped state religion, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fusion of ideas or deities from different religious traditions.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretism<\/span> that Piotr Taracha presented systematically in <em>Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia<\/em> (2009).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and etymology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name Arinna is a place name; the goddess is named after the city in which her main <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> was located.<\/p><p>The exact location of Arinna has to this day not been clearly identified archaeologically; proposals focus on sites in northern Anatolia, in particular Alaca H\u00f6y\u00fck and Sapinuwa. The city name Arinna itself is of Hattic origin and probably means &#8216;spring&#8217; or &#8216;well&#8217;.<\/p><p>Her Hattic proper name is <em>Wuru\u0161emu<\/em>, literally perhaps &#8216;Mother of the Earth&#8217; or &#8216;Mother of the Land&#8217;. The Hittite translation is <em>D UTU URU Arinna<\/em>, &#8216;Sun deity of the city of Arinna&#8217;. In Hurrian she is identified as the equivalent of <a href=\"\/en\/hebat-hurrian-supreme-goddess\/\">Hebat<\/a>, an equation that Queen Pudu\u1e2bepa explicitly formulates in her famous <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span>: &#8216;Sun goddess of Arinna, my lady, you are queen of all lands; in \u1e2aatti you gave yourself the name sun goddess of Arinna, in the land that you created as the land of the cedar you gave yourself the name Hebat.&#8217;<\/p><p>The etymology and the theology of the name were discussed in detail by Piotr Taracha in <em>Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia<\/em> (2009).<\/p><p>A particular difficulty is that <em>D UTU<\/em> can denote not only the sun goddess of Arinna, but also other solar beings such as the &#8216;Sun goddess of the Earth&#8217; (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the earth or the underworld; in ancient religion the gods and spirits of the depths (Hades, the Erinyes, Demeter chthonia).\" tabindex=\"0\">chthonic<\/span>) or the male Luwian sun deity Tiwaz. The exact identification must in each case be inferred from the context.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description and iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In images Arinna appears as an enthroned goddess with a long, pleated robe, a high polos crown, and a sun disk as an attribute.<\/p><p>In Yaz\u0131l\u0131kaya, the great rock sanctuary near \u1e2aattu\u0161a, she stands at the head of the female <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn religious procession.\" tabindex=\"0\">procession<\/span> of gods and faces her male counterpart Tarhunna in the center of the main chamber A. The winged sun disk above her head is an old Mesopotamian and Aegean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> that the Hittite pictorial <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> adapted.<\/p><p>On numerous royal seals, for instance the bullae from the Ni\u015fanta\u015f archive, the sun disk appears as a royal insignium; there it stands for the protection of the sun goddess over the ruler.<\/p><p>The animal form of the goddess is more rarely attested; individual texts speak of an eagle sitting on her hand, as well as of a lioness as her mount. In the Hattic to Hittite standard <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>, those ring-shaped bronze standards with animal finials from Alaca H\u00f6y\u00fck, the sun disk is used as a central element.<\/p><p>Striking is the small number of free-standing cult images of Arinna. Hittite <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> concentrated its <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> on the state-controlled rock reliefs and on seals; statue images in the Mesopotamian sense are barely preserved.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">Temple<\/span> inventories, however, name &#8216;the sun disk of gold&#8217; and &#8216;the image of the sun goddess in silver&#8217; as important cult objects, of which nothing has physically survived. In <em>Materia Magica et Medica Hethitica<\/em> (2003), Volkert Haas described the iconographic tradition in detail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mythological narratives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unlike <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/tarhunna-weather-god-of-the-hittites\/\">Tarhunna<\/a> or <a href=\"\/en\/telipinu-vegetation-god-of-the-hittites\/\">Telipinu<\/a>, Arinna is barely attested as an acting figure in myths. She appears above all in prayers, hymns, and treaty texts.<\/p><p>The most important source is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> of Queen Pudu\u1e2bepa (CTH 384), in which the great queen asks the goddess for the healing of her ailing husband \u1e2aattu\u0161ili III. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> contains a detailed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> of the goddess as guarantor of kingship and is one of the most literarily elaborate texts of Hittite religion.<\/p><p>In the myths Arinna usually appears as &#8216;mother&#8217; of other gods, above all as the mother of the weather god of the sky and of the moon and grain goddess Mezzulla, who is perhaps a hypostasis of herself.<\/p><p>In an Old Hittite festival <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> she is portrayed as an arbiter in the council of the gods. In a fragmentarily preserved text she laments the disappearance of <a href=\"\/en\/telipinu-vegetation-god-of-the-hittites\/\">Telipinu<\/a> and commissions an eagle to search for him; this eagle roams the world but does not find him.<\/p><p>In the history of religion this paucity of myths is typical of the Hittite <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> configuration: the supreme imperial gods are less narrative figures than legal and political guarantors.<\/p><p>Mythic activity is shifted onto second generations such as Telipinu, <a href=\"\/en\/sarruma-hurrian-mountain-god-and-protector-of-kings\/\">Sarruma<\/a>, or <a href=\"\/en\/ullikummi-stone-giant-against-the-gods\/\">Ullikummi<\/a>. In <em>Hittite Myths<\/em> (1998), Gary Beckman highlighted this as a typical feature of the Hittite state religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult and veneration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or holy figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> of the sun goddess of Arinna was closely intertwined with kingship. In the Hittite festival calendar the great spring festival <em>AN.TA\u1e2a.\u0160UM<\/em> was <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">dedicated<\/span> to her, among others, a 38-day festival cycle whose texts are readily accessible in the edition by Volkert Haas and Liane Jakob-Rost.<\/p><p>During the festival the great king visited the most important cult sites of the goddess in \u1e2aattu\u0161a, Arinna, and Nerik in a ritualized sequence of travel.<\/p><p>Her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> in \u1e2aattu\u0161a is referred to in the texts as the &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> of the sun goddess&#8217; and is identified with the Great <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> in the Lower City district.<\/p><p>In the inventory there are silver and gold sun disks, cult robes, bull figures, and clay balls whose ritual function has to this day not been fully clarified.<\/p><p>In <em>The Organization of the Anatolian Local Cults<\/em> (2003), Joost Hazenbos analyzed the priestly hierarchy: at its head was a <em>SANGA priest<\/em>, to whom several female priestesses and cult personnel were subordinate.<\/p><p>A special feature is the burial of the kings under her patronage: the <em>\u0161alli\u0161 wa\u0161tai\u0161<\/em>, &#8216;the great sin&#8217;, as the Hittite euphemism for the death of the king goes, was carried out with a 14-day burial ritual that describes the transformation of the king into a divine being under the protection of the sun goddess.<\/p><p>The edition by Heinrich Otten, <em>Hethitische Totenrituale<\/em> (1958), remains authoritative to this day. In the course of the ritual &#8216;the king becomes a god&#8217;, as the Hittite formula says; he leaves the world of mortals and joins the sun goddess in the sky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective practice and the apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arinna was the protector of the king and of kingship; her apotropaic function concerned the imperial dynasty less than the individual person. On royal seals the winged sun disk stands above the royal name; it was at once an identity sign and a protective formula.<\/p><p>In vassal treaties she is invoked as the second <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> after Tarhunna, with the same penalty formula: a breach of loyalty draws down her destructive wrath.<\/p><p>In the private sphere the veneration of the sun goddess is less well documented. Occasionally there appear women who, with the help of the &#8216;Old Woman&#8217; (<em>\u1e2aAR.\u1e2aAR<\/em>), direct a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> to the sun goddess, for instance in cases of infertility or serious illness.<\/p><p>The Sun goddess of the Earth, an independent hypostasis with a chthonic, underworldly function, is also frequently invoked in these rituals; she is not identical with the sun goddess of Arinna, but is theologically closely related.<\/p><p>The transition from the daytime sky to the underworld takes place through the double function of the sun: morning and evening it crosses the horizon and thereby passes between the worlds.<\/p><p>From a religious-studies perspective the double function of the sun goddess as heavenly queen and chthonic ruler of the underworld is remarkable; it shows the close interweaving of day, night, and death in the Hittite worldview. iWell Guard regards Arinna as a historical figure of religious history without any present-day connection to healing claims.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Warding off evil: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences away.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaic<\/span> sun disks were worked into door and window lintels, a practice attested archaeologically at several Hittite sites.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The female gender assignment of the sun is unusual in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ancient<\/span> Near East; in Akkadian \u0160ama\u0161 is male, likewise in Ugaritic \u0160apa\u0161 (which, despite the formal masculine, is interpreted as female), in <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/phoenicians-and-carthage-baal-tanit-and-the-tradition-of-protection\/\">Phoenician<\/a> \u0160ap\u0161u. The Hattic tradition stands here closer to the Germanic S\u00f3l, the Lithuanian Saul\u0117, and the Japanese Amaterasu.<\/p><p>In the history of religion the female gender of the sun is interpreted as an archaic feature that was pushed back by the influence of patriarchal storm-god theologies.<\/p><p>Even in Anatolia itself Arinna is not the only female solar figure. The Luwians knew <em>Tiwaz<\/em> as a male sun god, but alongside him also the earth sun goddess. The differentiation between various solar hypostases was presented systematically by Volkert Haas in <em>Materia Magica et Medica Hethitica<\/em> (2003).<\/p><p>The Hattic female sun, the Hittite female sun, the Luwian male sun, and the chthonic Sun goddess of the Earth form a complex solar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> that can be disentangled only through careful analysis of the sources.<\/p><p>In her function as royal protective goddess Arinna is comparable with <a href=\"\/en\/hebat-hurrian-supreme-goddess\/\">Hebat<\/a> from the Hurrian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> and with the Mesopotamian I\u0161tar as imperial protector; here too the imperial-pantheon type of the Late <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A prehistoric era in which bronze was the most important metal for tools.\" tabindex=\"0\">Bronze Age<\/span> becomes apparent, in which the highest female <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> takes on dynastic functions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Present-day reception and research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arinna is well documented in current research. Important studies are available from Volkert Haas, Daniel Schwemer, Piotr Taracha, Gary Beckman, and Itamar Singer. In <em>Hittite Prayers<\/em> (SBL 2002), Singer translated and commented on the most important prayers to Arinna.<\/p><p>The Pudu\u1e2bepa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> ranks among the literarily outstanding sources of ancient Near Eastern religious history and is frequently cited in comparative <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that researches religions comparatively and without commitment to faith.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> as well.<\/p><p>In modern Turkey Arinna has hardly been received in popular culture; local tourism initiatives in \u00c7orum and Yozgat, however, have begun to use the sun disk of Alaca H\u00f6y\u00fck as a cultural <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>.<\/p><p>The winged sun disk appears in the logo of the Turkish Hittitology congress. A spiritual reception in the neo-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Synonymous with heathen; belonging to a pre-Christian religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">pagan<\/span> sense, as is common with Nordic goddesses, is largely absent for Arinna.<\/p><p>In religious studies, Arinna is today discussed above all in comparative studies of the Late Bronze Age, of the theology of female kingship, and of Hattic to Hittite religious dynamics.<\/p><p>Current research priorities lie in the precise identification of her city, in the relationship to the &#8216;Sun goddess of the Earth&#8217;, and in the comparative investigation of female solar theologies in the Ancient Near East.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature and sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The following standard works cover the most important aspects of research on Arinna and are entry points into the Hittite source material. They combine cuneiform text editions, archaeological findings, and religious-historical syntheses. The list follows the iWell Guard convention of naming established standard works before more recent specialized studies.<\/p><p>Anyone who wants to delve deeper into the material will find in the works named further bibliographies on the Hittite festival calendars, on the AN.TA\u1e2a.\u0160UM festival cycle, and on the theology of female kingship of the Late Bronze Age.<\/p><p>In particular, Itamar Singer&#8217;s <em>Hittite Prayers<\/em>, with the full translation of the Pudu\u1e2bepa prayer, is indispensable as an entry into the primary sources.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp281743c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp281743c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d41a71f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d41a71f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The prayer of Puduhepa to the sun goddess<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d2bfa86 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2d2bfa86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2af874c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2af874c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most impressive sources on Arinna is a long <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> by the Hittite queen Puduhepa, the wife of Hattusili III from the 13th century before our era.<\/p><p>In this text the queen turns to the sun goddess of Arinna and asks for life and health for her husband. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> is transmitted on clay tablets from the archive of Hattusa and is one of the most personal religious texts of the Hittite world.<\/p><p>It is remarkable that in this <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> Puduhepa explicitly equates the sun goddess of Arinna with the Hurrian goddess Hebat. She addresses the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> as the one who in the land of Hatti bears the name sun goddess of Arinna, but in the land of the cedar is called Hebat.<\/p><p>The text thus itself provides a rare, explicitly formulated piece of evidence for religious translation: the queen, herself of Hurrian origin, thinks of the native Hittite chief goddess and the Hurrian chief goddess as one and the same.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> shows Arinna in her highest position. She is not one goddess among many, but the lady of the lands, the queen of heaven and earth, who watches over Hittite kingship.<\/p><p>Research, for instance Itamar Singer in his collection of Hittite prayers, has highlighted this text as an example of how closely the state cult was interwoven with the personal devotional life of the royal house.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The human being's linguistic turning toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> of Puduhepa is thus at the same time a theological document and a human testimony of a queen&#8217;s concern for her husband.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28905ee6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp28905ee6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f744266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2f744266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arinna as imperial goddess and protector of kingship<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29cf9c93 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp29cf9c93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp268463c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp268463c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sun goddess of Arinna was the most important female <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of the Hittite state pantheon and in many respects the actual imperial goddess.<\/p><p>In the state treaties and in the annals of the Hittite kings she regularly appears at the forefront of the lists of gods, often together with the weather god. The kings describe themselves as her favorites and attribute their victories to her assistance.<\/p><p>Her role becomes especially clear in the so-called annals of Mursili II, in which the king again and again stresses that the sun goddess of Arinna, the weather god, and the other gods ran before him and delivered the enemy into his hands.<\/p><p>This formula shows that military success was understood religiously as a gift of the gods and that Arinna played a leading role in this.<\/p><p>Arinna was also central in the area of royal legitimation. The king was regarded as installed by her, and after his death he became, as the Hittite texts say, a god.<\/p><p>The connection of sun and kingship was widespread in the Ancient Orient, and in the Hittite empire even the king himself bore the title My Sun.<\/p><p>The sun goddess of Arinna and the solar title of the king thus belong closely together. In his account of Hittite religion, Volkert Haas worked out that Arinna was less a goddess of the natural sun than a goddess of order, of justice, and of rule.<\/p><p>Her position in the state cult makes her one of the politically most significant deities of the Hittite empire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27c166d1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp27c166d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2802afbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2802afbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The solar deities of the Hittite world<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2dc120aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2dc120aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp245f5c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp245f5c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One difficulty in dealing with Arinna is that Hittite religion knew several solar deities that are not always clearly separated in the texts. Besides the sun goddess of Arinna there was a sun deity of the sky and a sun deity of the earth, that is, of the underworld.<\/p><p>The sun goddess of Arinna is the principal figure, a female <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> connected with kingship. The sun deity of the sky, by contrast, appears rather male and stands close to the Mesopotamian conception of the sun god as judge.<\/p><p>This multiplicity is explained by the stratification of Hittite religion. Arinna herself goes back to the Hattic population layer that lived in Anatolia before the Indo-European-speaking Hittites. In Hattic the goddess was called <em>Wurunsemu<\/em>.<\/p><p>The Hittites adopted her and placed her at the head of their pantheon. Alongside this the Mesopotamian influence was at work, contributing the male sun god as guardian of law, and the Hurrian influence, which connected Arinna with Hebat.<\/p><p>The sun deity of the earth in turn had a special function in the rituals of purification and of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of things through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>, because she was regarded as the lady of the underworld and was invoked in incantations to take up what was impure.<\/p><p>In each textual attestation, research must carefully examine which solar deity is meant, since the writing with the sun sign can be ambiguous. This differentiation is among the most demanding tasks of Hittitology and shows how multilayered the sphere of sun veneration alone was in the Hittite empire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Volkert Haas: <em>Geschichte der hethitischen Religion<\/em> (Leiden 1994)<\/li><li>Piotr Taracha: <em>Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia<\/em> (Wiesbaden 2009)<\/li><li>Itamar Singer: <em>Hittite Prayers<\/em> (SBL 2002)<\/li><li>Trevor Bryce: <em>Life and Society in the Hittite World<\/em> (Oxford 2002)<\/li><li>Heinrich Otten: <em>Hethitische Totenrituale<\/em> (Berlin 1958)<\/li><li>Volkert Haas: <em>Materia Magica et Medica Hethitica<\/em> (Berlin 2003)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Related key terms: Arinna sun goddess Wuru\u0161emu Pudu\u1e2bepa AN.TA\u1e2a.\u0160UM Hittites queen.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-arinna\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and protective traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard ties in with the cultural-historical tradition of portable protective objects, in the tradition of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hittite-anatolian-tarhunna-thousands-of-gods-and-protective-practice\/\">Hittite<\/a> and many other cultures worldwide. 41 layers, solid gold, platinum, silver, made in Germany. 30-day right of return.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/about-iwell-guard-the-protective-pendant-in-detail\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about the iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about the iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Personal experiences may vary. Not a medical device. No healing claim.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-arinna-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-arinna-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard is <strong>not a medical device<\/strong> and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. The religious-studies content is cultural-historical classification, not a recommendation for spiritual practice.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arinna, sun goddess and highest imperial goddess of the Hittites The sun goddess of Arinna, Hittite D UTU URU Arinna, is the highest female deity of the Hittite state pantheon. In the prayers of Queen Pudu\u1e2bepa she is invoked as &#8216;Queen of \u1e2aatti, Lady of the Lands&#8217; and is regarded as the protective goddess of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5911,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Arinna sun goddess Hittites","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Arinna: Hittite sun goddess, cult, sources","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"The sun goddess of Arinna was the highest female imperial deity of the Hittites. A religious-studies classification with mythology and cult.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-5910","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arinna: Hittite sun goddess, cult, sources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The sun goddess of Arinna was the highest female imperial deity of the Hittites. 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