{"id":5804,"date":"2026-05-13T20:22:54","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pele-hawaiian-goddess-of-volcanoes\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:35:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:35:57","slug":"pele-hawaiian-goddess-of-volcanoes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/pele-hawaiian-goddess-of-volcanoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Pele: Hawaiian Goddess of Volcanoes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5804\" class=\"elementor elementor-5804 elementor-2599 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pele: Hawaiian Goddess of Volcanoes, Fire, and Creation<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pele, whose full name is Pelehonuamea, is in Hawaiian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span> the goddess of volcanoes, fire, and creative destruction.<\/p><p>According to traditional belief, she resides in the Halemaumau crater area of the Kilauea volcano on the island of Hawai&#8217;i. This article describes her position in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">study of religion<\/span>, her mythological cycles, and her continuing veneration in the Hawaiian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Goddess of the Polynesia \/ Maori tradition.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/polynesia-maori-hawaii-and-protective-traditions\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the Polynesia \/ Maori tradition.\">Polynesia \/ Maori<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Volcano deity.\">Volcano deity<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-pele-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-pele-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-pele-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_pele-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5805\" alt=\"Pele: gods from the Polynesian-Maori tradition, historical illustration\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_pele-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_pele-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_pele-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_pele.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-pele elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-pele\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-pele\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-pele\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-pele elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-pele\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span><\/strong> of the Hawaiian volcano goddess Pele forms the religious core of the Pele family narratives on Big Island.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification within the Polynesian Pantheon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pele is not a pan-Polynesian supreme <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> but a specifically Hawaiian Atua. She belongs to a group of sisters and brothers, the Pele siblings, who migrated to Hawai&#8217;i. Her younger sister <a href=\"\/en\/hiiaka-hawaiian-goddess-of-dance-and-healing\/\">Hi&#8217;iaka<\/a> is one of the central figures in Hawaiian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of traditional divine narratives of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>. Other siblings include Kapo, Namaka (the sea sister), and several others.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Martha Beckwith&#8217;s standard work <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> (1940) documents the Pele family in detail. Mary Kawena Pukui (<em>Hawaiian Dictionary<\/em>, 1986; <em>Olelo Noeau<\/em>, 1983) has illuminated the Pele tradition in its linguistic and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> depths.<\/span><\/p><p>Pele is a post-migration deity: the narratives explicitly describe her arrival in Hawai&#8217;i, often as a flight from her sea sister Namaka.<\/p><p>Like the related Maori <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>, the religious tradition in which Pele stands also operates without a closed doctrinal system. There is no fixed doctrine; what reality the Atua have is proven in practice, in karakia, in gatherings at the Marae, and in whakapapa recitations.<\/p><p>This practice-based form of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> is regarded by the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without doctrinal commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">study of religion<\/span> as a distinct contribution to the field. Mary Ann Boord and Edward Tregear have systematically developed this in their religio-ethnographic studies of Polynesia.<\/p><p>The study of Polynesian Atua such as Pele faces a fundamental challenge: many sources date from the colonial period of the 19th century and are colored by the perspective of missionaries and ethnologists.<\/p><p>More recent research therefore undertakes an ongoing decolonization of these materials, by placing Polynesian voices at the center and subjecting Western categories to critical scrutiny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Etymology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name Pele means in Hawaiian &#8216;lava&#8217;, &#8216;molten rock&#8217;, &#8216;volcano&#8217;. It is semantically closely connected with the goddess&#8217;s manifestation. Pelehonuamea means &#8216;Pele of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> earth&#8217;. Epithets include Pele-ai-honua (&#8216;Pele who devours the land&#8217;) and Ka wahine ai honua (&#8216;the land-devouring woman&#8217;).<\/p><p>Linguistically, Pele belongs to the Proto-Polynesian word group associated with fire and volcanism. In Tahiti and on Bora Bora there are related mythological traces of a volcano goddess, though without the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The officially recognized collection of sacred scriptures of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">canon<\/span> that Pele has achieved in Hawai&#8217;i. The Hawaiian form is the most fully developed.<\/p><p>The fact that Pele appears under several epithets has a linguistic-historical background: such abundance of names testifies to an oral <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> that has branched out richly across regions.<\/p><p>The linguistic depth of Maori and Hawaiian theonyms is recorded in the lexicographical works of Bruce Biggs and Hugh Clarke, a body of research that is at the same time fundamental for understanding the relationship of the Polynesian languages.<\/p><p>Pele&#8217;s epithets are frequently more than decorative additions. They encode specific ritual functions and are fixed in karakia formulas. The tohunga, the ritual specialists, knew precisely which <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A fixed epithet that characterizes a deity or figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">epithet<\/span> was to be <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> on which occasion. Charles Royal and Pou Temara study this precisely regulated liturgical practice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description and Iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Hawaiian tradition, Pele is described as a beautiful woman, sometimes young, sometimes old. She can appear in any form: as an old woman at the roadside, as a young dancer, as a fiery being in the lava flow. This capacity for transformation is part of her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> character.<\/p><p>Visible manifestations of Pele include: lava flows, volcanic gases, earthquakes, glassy lava threads (Pele&#8217;s hair), and teardrop-shaped lava droplets (Pele&#8217;s tears). These natural phenomena are traditionally interpreted not &#8216;metaphorically&#8217; but theologically as her direct body. Beckwith and Pukui emphasize this understanding as a central element.<\/p><p>Over the last five decades, the carving arts of the Maori and Hawaiians have undergone an impressive renaissance. Artists such as Cliff Whiting, Robyn Kahukiwa, Wright Bowman, and Sam Ka&#8217;ai cultivated both traditional forms and contemporary interpretations.<\/p><p>The Atua, including the volcano goddess Pele, appear in their works in diverse ways; her iconographic presence thus extends into contemporary art.<\/p><p>Polynesian art cannot be separated from its cosmological significance. Every spiral (koru), every <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A decorative, often repeated element of a pattern.\" tabindex=\"0\">ornament<\/span>, and every line carries phenomenological religious meaning, including in depictions of Pele. Roger Neich, Damian Skinner, and other art historians have systematically explored these layers of meaning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Pele-Hi'iaka Cycle<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important mythological complex surrounding Pele is the Pele-Hi&#8217;iaka cycle. Pele sends her youngest sister <a href=\"\/en\/hiiaka-hawaiian-goddess-of-dance-and-healing\/\">Hi&#8217;iaka<\/a> to the island of Kaua&#8217;i to fetch Pele&#8217;s beloved Lohi&#8217;au. On the journey Hi&#8217;iaka experiences numerous adventures, battles demonesses, and revives Lohi&#8217;au from death.<\/p><p>Upon her return, Pele suspects her sister of infidelity and destroys her beloved and her forest with lava flows. Hi&#8217;iaka must revive Lohi&#8217;au once again.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>This narrative is one of the longest and most complex in Polynesian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of traditional divine narratives of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>. It is recorded in several versions, most notably in that of Nathaniel Emerson (<em>Pele and Hiiaka<\/em>, 1915) and in a modern reworking by Ka&#8217;ili (<em>The Epic Tale of Hiiakaikapoliopele<\/em>, 2006).<\/span><\/p><p>From a religious-studies perspective, it is a classic sisters&#8217; conflict <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> in which Pele&#8217;s ambivalent nature, creative and destructive, becomes visible.<\/p><p>The Pele-Hi&#8217;iaka cycle also cannot be read from a religious-studies perspective as a self-contained narrative. Rather, it forms a network of narratives that interpret one another and are differently emphasized in individual tribal traditions.<\/p><p>This rhizomatic, web-like structure makes the study methodologically demanding, while at the same time opening up hermeneutic depth. Diverging versions of a story are not regarded as &#8216;wrong&#8217; or &#8216;corrupted&#8217; but as equally valid regional forms.<\/p><p>The Pele-Hi&#8217;iaka cycle is not merely remembered but actively passed on, in karakia, in speeches at the Marae, and in teaching. In this way it is living practice, not a static archive. The language programs for Te Reo Maori and Olelo Hawai&#8217;i have considerably strengthened this vitality over the past thirty years.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pele and the Arrival in Hawai'i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Another narrative recounts Pele&#8217;s migration. She leaves her South Polynesian homeland (often referred to as Kahiki, the mythical land of origin) and searches for a new home.<\/p><p>On each island of the Hawaiian archipelago she digs a crater, but each time her sea sister Namaka pursues her with water. Only on Hawai&#8217;i, the youngest and largest island, does she find a permanent dwelling in the Halemaumau crater.<\/p><p>Geologically, this narrative corresponds exactly to the age sequence of the Hawaiian islands: the northwestern islands are the oldest, and Hawai&#8217;i (Big Island) is the youngest and the only one still volcanically active.<\/p><p>From a religious-studies perspective this is a remarkable observation: the mythic narrative contains geologically accurate information. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">Transmission<\/span> through inherited ecological observation appears plausible.<\/p><p>The fact that Pele shapes the land itself upon her arrival in Hawai&#8217;i illustrates a fundamental feature of Maori and Hawaiian religion: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A fixed, recurring religious act.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> and everyday activity are interwoven. While other religious systems draw a sharp boundary between the sacred and the profane, here references to the Atua permeate the whole of life.<\/p><p>This religiosity anchored in the lived world is the subject of phenomenological <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> by Mason Durie, Charles Royal, Lilikala Kame&#8217;eleihiwa, and other Polynesian scholars of the current generation.<\/p><p>The extent to which ritual practice and everyday life are fused is also reflected in language: terms such as mana, tapu, aroha, and hauora today belong to the common English of Aotearoa and appear also in non-religious contexts. The fact that Maori <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> has entered everyday language to this degree documents its deep cultural impact.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult and Rituals<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pele is venerated to this day at the Halemaumau crater. Visitors bring ho&#8217;okupu (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span>), including flower garlands (lei), ti-leaf bundles, and berries, and place them at the crater rim. Karakia (in Hawaiian: pule) are spoken and hula sequences are danced. Importantly, this practice is not merely historically reconstructed but a living tradition.<\/p><p>The Hawaiian tradition holds a taboo against taking stones from the volcano (&#8216;Pele&#8217;s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to bring harm upon a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span>&#8216;). Anyone who takes a stone is said to experience misfortune until returning it. The Hawaiian national park receives thousands of packages of returned stones each year.<\/p><p>From a religious-studies perspective, this is a taboo system that links the protection of the sacred landscape with ritual awe.<\/p><p>Polynesian religion remains alive above all at Marae and Heiau, those sites that serve simultaneously as places of assembly and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>. Each Marae and each Heiau has its own whakapapa, its own traditions, and its own Atua references, in the case of the Heiau on Hawai&#8217;i including those relating to Pele.<\/p><p>A Marae visit begins with the powhiri, the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic acts with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> in which the tangata whenua formally receive their guests. It is not ceremonial <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traditional folk culture including customs, narratives, and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> but lived religious practice, and is among the best-documented Polynesian welcoming rituals in the study of religion.<\/p><p>In the 20th and 21st centuries, cult practice has changed perceptibly. Where once the tohunga bore the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A fixed, recurring religious act.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>, this role today often falls to the kaumatua, the elders, and to Marae committees. From a sociology-of-religion perspective, this shift is of interest; Manuka Henare and Mason Durie discuss it in their works.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective Traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Hawaiian tradition, Pele is not invoked primarily as a &#8216;protective goddess&#8217; but as a power whose anger is to be avoided.<\/p><p>Protective practices therefore aim at correct behavior near the volcano and lava flow: respect, karakia, and offerings. Those who live in a volcanic area, such as the Puna region, maintain a continuous relationship with the goddess.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>The ho&#8217;oponopono tradition (reconciliation practice) is applied in some families to address an offense against Pele. Mary Kawena Pukui (<em>Nana I Ke Kumu<\/em>, 1972) describes the ritual structure. The religious-studies framing of such protective practices is clearly documentary, not <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magical<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><p>On the subject of protection, an important distinction must be made from a religious-studies perspective: Western thinking starts from the effective <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, harm-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span>, while the Polynesian approach starts from the cultivated relationship. Protection here is not magically causal but relational and ritualized in character.<\/p><p>One who stands in relationship with an Atua like Pele and maintains that relationship is considered &#8216;protected&#8217;, not because an object exerts power, but because an existing relation is cosmologically binding. In the anthropology of religion, this is discussed as &#8216;relational ontology&#8217;.<\/p><p>Protective practice in particular is a field where tradition and modernity meet. Smartphone applications with karakia, online guides to protective rituals, and virtual Marae visits show that Polynesian religion is adopting new media for its practice. This modernization should not be interpreted as a dilution but as an adaptive further development.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pele can be compared in a cross-religious perspective with other volcano deities: Vulcan in Rome, Hephaestus in Greece, Agni in the Vedic tradition. The difference is important: Pele is female, which distinguishes her from most other volcano deities. She is not primarily a smith but the originator of volcanic creation itself.<\/p><p>Within the Pacific region, the Maori have the figure of Mahuika (fire goddess), who is not however volcanic. In Japan there is the goddess Konohanasakuya-hime, who is associated with Fuji. Such parallels arise independently in volcanically active regions.<\/p><p>Universal structures of religious experience, as also visible in the figure of Pele, have been systematically studied by Joseph Campbell and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Romanian scholar of religion (1907-1986); shaped the phenomenological method in religious studies.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mircea Eliade<\/span>.<\/p><p>As foundational as their works are, they must nonetheless be rethought for the specific Polynesian contexts, without falling into a pan-globalizing simplification. More recent Polynesian research places great value on this context-sensitive interpretation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contemporary Reception<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pele is today one of the best-known Polynesian figures worldwide. She is the subject of numerous tourist narratives, which can create tensions with the Hawaiian tradition: commercialization of Pele by tourism is often a source of irritation for Hawaiians.<\/p><p>The cultural self-assertion movement, Aloha Aina, the movement for Hawaiian sovereignty, invokes Pele as a cultural anchor.<\/p><p>In scholarship, Pele also plays an indirect role in volcanology. Hawaiian volcanologists connect seismic and petrological research with cultural knowledge about lava behavior. This dialogue is the subject of more recent studies.<\/p><p>In international discussion, Polynesian religion is increasingly recognized as an independent religious system and is no longer dismissed as mere &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of traditional divine narratives of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>&#8216; or &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Traditional folk culture including customs, narratives, and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span>&#8216;. The adoption of terms such as mana, tapu, mauri, and whakapapa into the technical vocabulary of religious studies demonstrates this recognition.<\/p><p>Their use, however, requires a contextual sensitivity that cannot be taken for granted.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research and Sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>The most important contributions to the study of Pele are found in the works of Martha Beckwith, Mary Kawena Pukui, Nathaniel Emerson, Jack Halualani, and Marie Alohalani Brown. <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> remains the standard reference work. Brown (<em>Facing the Spears of Change<\/em>, 2016) opens a modern Hawaiian feminist perspective on Pele.<\/span><\/p><p>Pele remains a living goddess in a living tradition. A deeper classification within Polynesian-Hawaiian religion shows how she anchors the connection between land, family, and cosmos. Links to the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/polynesia-maori-hawaii-and-protective-traditions\/\">Polynesian-Maori tradition<\/a> as a whole exist through shared roots, but are to be read as culturally specific in their content.<\/p><p>The dialogue between Polynesian internal knowledge traditions and academic research is today carried by several institutions: the Royal Society of New Zealand, Te Aparangi; the Maori Studies Department of Auckland University; the University of Hawai&#8217;i at Manoa; and the Te Punga Tipu Foundation.<\/p><p>This institutional foundation ensures that Polynesian research is not conducted solely about Polynesia but equally from within Polynesia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c24b0ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c24b0ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24f76a32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp24f76a32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Migration from Kahiki to Hawai'i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e4baee8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e4baee8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d99a4c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2d99a4c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the central narrative traditions surrounding Pele describes not her character but a journey: the migration of the goddess from a distant land of origin to Hawai&#8217;i. In Hawaiian tradition, this land is called <em>Kahiki<\/em>, a term that refers less to a concrete geographical location than to the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ancestor venerated in many cultures as a protective power.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancestral<\/span> homeland lying beyond the visible horizon.<\/p><p>Scholars such as Martha Beckwith have noted that <em>Kahiki<\/em> is linguistically related to Tahiti, without this implying a direct identification.<\/p><p>According to the narrative, Pele leaves her homeland following a quarrel, frequently with her elder sister, the sea goddess Namaka-o-Kaha&#8217;i. She travels by canoe, accompanied by siblings, and seeks a suitable dwelling on each island of the Hawaiian chain.<\/p><p>Using a digging stick, the <em>paooa<\/em> or <em>&#8216;o&#8217;o<\/em>, she pierces the ground to create a fire pit. But on Kaua&#8217;i, O&#8217;ahu, Moloka&#8217;i, and Maui, seawater repeatedly floods in and extinguishes the fire, as Namaka pursues her.<\/p><p>Only at Kilauea on the island of Hawai&#8217;i, in the crater Halema&#8217;uma&#8217;u, does Pele find a location high and dry enough.<\/p><p>This narrative structure follows the actual geological age sequence of the Hawaiian archipelago, whose islands are oldest and most eroded in the northwest, while volcanic activity today is concentrated on the youngest island in the southeast.<\/p><p>Geologists such as Herbert Gregory and later Dorothy Hill noted this correspondence early on, without interpreting it as conscious geological knowledge on the part of the tradition bearers.<\/p><p>More likely is an observation of erosion stages and eruption sites condensed over generations. The migration narrative thus combines a cosmological statement about origins with a knowledge of the landscape that places each island in the chain in an ordered sequence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e6f5b2a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2e6f5b2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp255a9e5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp255a9e5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pele and Hi'iaka: the Conflict over Lohi'au<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24e322ea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24e322ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a2fe05e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2a2fe05e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most extensive connected narrative cycle in the Hawaiian oral tradition concerns not Pele alone but her youngest sister Hi&#8217;iaka-i-ka-poli-o-Pele. Several versions of this cycle were published in late 19th and early 20th century Hawaiian-language newspapers, including those by Nathaniel Emerson and in the version composed by Ho-oulumahiehie.<\/p><p>These sources are not unmediated original texts but already the products of a phase in which Hawaiian authors were consciously writing against the threatened loss of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p>The action begins when Pele sees in a dream the young chief Lohi&#8217;au on the island of Kaua&#8217;i and falls in love with him. She sends Hi&#8217;iaka to fetch him, granting her a limited timeframe and supernatural powers.<\/p><p>Hi&#8217;iaka&#8217;s journey across the archipelago fills the greater part of the cycle: she passes through battles against <em>mo&#8217;o<\/em>, lizard-like water <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span>, heals the sick, and establishes numerous place names. When she reaches Lohi&#8217;au, he has already died, and she must call his <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> back into the body.<\/p><p>The tragic turning point lies in Pele&#8217;s mistrust. Convinced that her sister has exceeded the deadline and taken Lohi&#8217;au for herself, Pele burns down Hi&#8217;iaka&#8217;s beloved <em>lehua<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred stand of trees that served as a place of worship.\" tabindex=\"0\">grove<\/span> and kills her companion Hopoe. Upon her return, Hi&#8217;iaka openly embraces Lohi&#8217;au before Pele, whereupon the goddess covers him with lava.<\/p><p>The cycle ends differently depending on the version, often with Lohi&#8217;au&#8217;s revival by other siblings. From a religious-studies perspective, the cycle is significant because it shows Pele not as a distant force of nature but as an acting relative within a sibling group, whose jealousy and breach of trust motivate the destructive eruption.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Selected Bibliography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Martha Beckwith: <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> (1940)<\/li><li>Mary Kawena Pukui: <em>Nana I Ke Kumu<\/em> (1972) and <em>Olelo Noeau<\/em> (1983)<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Nathaniel Emerson: <em>Pele and Hiiaka: A Myth from Hawaii<\/em> (1915)<\/span><\/li><li>Marie Alohalani Brown: <em>Facing the Spears of Change<\/em> (2016)<\/li><li>Ka&#8217;ili: <em>The Epic Tale of Hiiakaikapoliopele<\/em> (2006)<\/li><li>Valerio Valeri: <em>Kingship and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express thanks, request, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sacrifice<\/span><\/em> (1985)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Related key terms: Pele Hawaii volcano goddess Halemaumau Kilauea lava Pelehonuamea Aloha Aina.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-pele\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and Protective Traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard draws on the cultural-historical tradition of wearable protective objects, in the tradition of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/polynesia-maori-hawaii-and-protective-traditions\/\">Polynesia \/ Maori<\/a> and many other cultures worldwide. 41 levels, real gold, platinum, silver, made in Germany. 30-day return policy.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/about-iwell-guard-the-protective-pendant-in-detail\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Learn more about iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Learn more about iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-pele-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-pele-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-pele-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-pele-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-pele-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\">Individual experiences may vary. Not a medical product. No healing claims.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-pele-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-pele-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p>iWell Guard is <strong>not a medical product<\/strong> and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. The religious-studies content is a cultural-historical classification, not a recommendation for spiritual practice.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pele: Hawaiian Goddess of Volcanoes, Fire, and Creation Pele, whose full name is Pelehonuamea, is in Hawaiian religion the goddess of volcanoes, fire, and creative destruction. According to traditional belief, she resides in the Halemaumau crater area of the Kilauea volcano on the island of Hawai&#8217;i. This article describes her position in the study of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5805,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Pele Hawaii volcano","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Pele: Hawaiian Volcano Goddess, Myth","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Pele is the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes and fire. Academic classification covering myth, cult, and sources.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"class_list":["post-5804","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pele: Hawaiian Volcano Goddess, Myth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pele is the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes and fire. 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