{"id":5740,"date":"2026-05-13T20:19:23","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T20:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/mama-killa-moon-goddess-of-the-inca\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T14:00:23","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T14:00:23","slug":"mama-killa-moon-goddess-of-the-inca","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/mama-killa-moon-goddess-of-the-inca\/","title":{"rendered":"Mama Killa, Moon Goddess of the Inca"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5740\" class=\"elementor elementor-5740 elementor-2577 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mama Killa, moon goddess and sister-consort of the sun god<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mama Killa (Quechua <em>Mama Killa<\/em>) is the moon goddess of the Inca, sister-consort of the sun god <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inti-sun-god-of-the-inca\/\">Inti<\/a> and patron of women, calendrical time order and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> purity. Her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> precinct in the Coricancha of Cusco was lined with silver plates.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Goddess of the Andes \/ Inca tradition.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/andean-cultures-and-the-inca-inti-pachamama-and-viracocha\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the Andes \/ Inca tradition.\">Andes \/ Inca<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Moon goddess.\">Moon Goddess<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-mamakilla-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-mamakilla-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-mamakilla-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_mama-killa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5741\" alt=\"Mama Killa - gods from the Andes-Inca tradition, historically illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_mama-killa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_mama-killa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_mama-killa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_anden-inka_mama-killa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-mama-killa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-mama-killa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-mama-killa\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-mama-killa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-mama-killa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-mama-killa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mama Killa, the <strong>Inca moon goddess<\/strong>, is regarded as the sister and consort of Inti and governs the nocturnal sphere.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Position in the Andean Pantheon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mama Killa ranks among the highest female deities of the Inca state <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>.<\/p><p>Garcilaso de la Vega describes her in his <em>Comentarios Reales<\/em> (1609) as the sister and consort of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inti-sun-god-of-the-inca\/\">Inti<\/a>; her own temple precinct in the Coricancha of Cusco stood directly adjacent to the sun temple, yet was lined with silver plates rather than gold, a consistent iconographic expression of the moon goddess&#8217;s subordinate yet autonomous position.<\/p><p>From a religious-studies perspective, she fits the widespread pattern of lunar-solar sibling pairs, ranging from the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> Egyptian Hathor\/Re constellation through the Japanese Tsukuyomi\/Amaterasu pairing to the Mesopotamian Ishtar\/Shamash relationship.<\/p><p>Within the Andes she forms the female complement to the male solar-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> complex and simultaneously defines the cultic status of the high-ranking <em>Coya<\/em>, the principal consort of the Inca ruler.<\/p><p>Catherine Allen notes that Mama Killa is far less present in modern Quechua-speaking villages than <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/pachamama-earth-mother-of-the-andes\/\">Pachamama<\/a>; she functions more as a temporal-calendrical ordering principle that fixed the sowing and harvest seasons, rather than as a personally <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> protective <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>.<\/p><p>This distance is explained by the state-imperial character of her veneration in the Inca period, which lost its institutional footing with the collapse of the Inca political structure.<\/p><p>The Inca capital Cusco was divided cosmologically into a <em>hanan<\/em> (upper) and <em>hurin<\/em> (lower) Cusco, which according to Tom Zuidema carried complementary male\/female, solar\/lunar connotations.<\/p><p>Mama Killa was venerated particularly in the quarters of hurin-Cusco, which represented the lower, moister, and more femininely connoted half of the city. This structuring was not merely a formal scheme but determined marriage rules, obligations between quarters and calendrical ritual functions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Etymology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name <em>Mama Killa<\/em> is a straightforward Quechua compound of <em>mama<\/em> (mother, woman, high female person) and <em>killa<\/em> (moon, month). As with <em>inti<\/em>, the word denotes both the physical celestial body and the personified <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, the fusion of the natural and numinous plane that is characteristic of Andean thought.<\/p><p>Diego Gonzalez Holguin gives the meaning of <em>killa<\/em> in his <em>Vocabulario<\/em> (1608) as <em>luna o mes<\/em>. The dual meaning of moon\/month is significant: Mama Killa is not only the lunar shape in the sky but also the personification of calendrical monthly time, by which female biology, sowing and harvest were oriented.<\/p><p>In the Aymara region one encounters the equivalent <em>Phaxsi Mama<\/em>, likewise moon mother. The regional variant <em>Quilla<\/em> with double <em>l<\/em> appears in some older Spanish chronicles (Sarmiento, Cobo) and reflects the early orthography of the Spanish missionaries.<\/p><p>Linguistically interesting is the close kinship between <em>killa<\/em> and <em>killay<\/em>, the Quechua verb for <em>to wait<\/em> or <em>to wait for<\/em>.<\/p><p>Cesar Itier, in his linguistic studies on Inca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>, advanced the hypothesis that <em>killa<\/em> may originally have marked the waiting phase between sowings, during which the lunar cycles structured the farmer&#8217;s patience between seed and harvest.<\/p><p>This hypothesis accounts for the unusual dual function of the moon goddess as the personification of waiting time and as a calendrical ordering principle in a way that is superior to a purely astronomical interpretation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description and Iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mama Killa is described in the sources as a silver-gleaming disc with an anthropomorphic face, the female counterpart to the golden Punchao of Inti.<\/p><p>This silver disc stood in the so-called <em>Killakancha<\/em>, the moon-chamber precinct of the Coricancha. Polo de Ondegardo and Bernabe Cobo report that the moon disc was melted down after the Spanish conquest and has therefore not survived.<\/p><p>In colonial Cusquena painting, Mama Killa frequently appears as a female figure with a silver moon-disc diadem, often accompanied by a stylized starry sky. In some works of the Cusco school she is depicted as a <em>Virgen Maria-Pachamama-Mama Killa<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The merging of ideas or deities from different religious traditions.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretism<\/span>, for example in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> paintings of the church of San Pedro in Andahuaylillas.<\/p><p>Noteworthy is the astronomical observation of the moon spots in Inca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>: the dark maria of the moon were interpreted as a fox that crept up to Mama Killa out of love and was forever burned into her countenance.<\/p><p>This moon-spot story is recorded by Cristobal de Molina and belongs to the rare surviving Inca myths with an astronomically aetiological character.<\/p><p>The silver disc of Mama Killa in the Killakancha was, according to Garcilaso, approximately the same size as the golden Punchao image of Inti.<\/p><p>Unlike the Punchao, which was carried out of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> only on feast days, the moon disc was permanently visible, because the lunar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> did not form the centrepiece of the Inca ruler&#8217;s political self-representation and therefore did not need to be staged as restrictively.<\/p><p>Along the inner walls of the Killakancha stood in addition the mummified bodies of deceased principal consorts (<em>Mallqui Coya<\/em>), the female counterpart to the Mallqui ancestor gallery of the Inti temple.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mythological Narratives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> surrounding Mama Killa explains lunar eclipses. According to Garcilaso de la Vega, the Inca believed that during a lunar eclipse a cosmic <em>puma<\/em> or <em>serpent<\/em> was attacking the moon goddess and threatening to devour her.<\/p><p>To repel this attack, the people of Cusco made a great noise on lunar eclipse nights: they beat on pans, shouted, set dogs barking, shot arrows toward the moon and attempted in this way to drive off the attacking creature. This practice is also depicted in the chronicle of Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (1615).<\/p><p>A further narrative links Mama Killa to the aetiology of silver deposits in the Andes.<\/p><p>According to a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> recorded by the chronicler Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, Mama Killa wept silver tears that solidified into silver veins in the mountain fissures, a mythical explanation for the Andean wealth of silver that made the Spanish colonization economically attractive in the first place.<\/p><p>In the life-cycle myths of the Inca, Mama Killa is the patron of female maturity. At the first menstruation ritual of a young girl (<em>quikuchikuy<\/em>), Mama Killa was invoked, as she was at weddings and in the lying-in period.<\/p><p>Cobo reports a fixed ritual text in which the moon goddess was asked for protection of mother and child.<\/p><p>A third mythological narrative links Mama Killa to the founding of the Inca empire. According to an account by Sarmiento de Gamboa, Mama Ocllo, one of the mythical siblings of Manco Capac, derived her name from the <em>ocllo<\/em> aspect of the moon goddess herself.<\/p><p>The empire&#8217;s founding mother is thus a daughter of Inti and simultaneously a manifestation of Mama Killa, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> construct that secured the legitimacy of the Inca dynasty doubly and legitimized the Coya position through the bloodline of the moon as well as of the sun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult and Veneration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Mama Killa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> was institutionalized in the Coricancha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> of Cusco. Its personnel consisted exclusively of women, foremost among them the high priestess, who was regularly the sister of the reigning <em>Coya<\/em> (principal consort of the Inca ruler).<\/p><p>These women, the <em>Acllacuna<\/em> (see also <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inti-sun-god-of-the-inca\/\">Inti<\/a>), wove silver-adorned moon garments, brewed chicha from white maize and conducted the monthly lunar rituals.<\/p><p>The highlight of the cult year was the September festival <em>Coya Raymi<\/em> (Festival of the Coya\/Moon Goddess), which marked the beginning of the sowing cycle.<\/p><p>This festival also included the <em>citua<\/em> purification ritual, in which the male warriors of the Inca capital ran through the streets bearing torches, drove all known diseases and evil <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span>, including the harmful <a href=\"\/en\/supay-harmful-spirits-and-lord-of-the-underworld-of-the-andes\/\">Supay<\/a>, out of the city and at the end symbolically flushed them away in the four cardinal directions.<\/p><p>The astronomical observation of the lunar phases was the task of specialized priests (<em>kallpa-rikoq<\/em>), who fixed the lunar calendar on the stone observatories of Cusco (e.g., the <em>Saqsaywaman<\/em>). Brian Bauer has reconstructed the topography of these lunar observatories in <em>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sacred<\/span> Landscape of the Inca<\/em> (1998).<\/p><p>The monthly sequence of festivals of the Inca imperial year regularly referred to Mama Killa: the lunar calendar determined both the sowing seasons and the internal administrative periods.<\/p><p>Cieza de Leon and Polo de Ondegardo describe that each lunar phase had a specific function in the daily life of the empire: full moon for festivals and sowing, new moon for purification rites and mourning.<\/p><p>This lunar time structure stood in a complex correspondence to the solar time structure of the great sun festivals and produced a two-layered calendar system whose complete reconstruction continues to occupy Andean research to this day.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective Practices and the Apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mama Killa was invoked in Inca-period practice especially at births, women&#8217;s illnesses and night journeys. Cobo reports a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A customary practice regularly repeated within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> of placing a silver coin (in Inca times a silver leaf) under the pillow on the night before a long journey, in order to seek the protection of the moon goddess.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Averting harm: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences at bay.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaic<\/span> against nightmares and nocturnal harmful spirits, in particular against the <a href=\"\/en\/supay-harmful-spirits-and-lord-of-the-underworld-of-the-andes\/\">Supay<\/a> regarded as nocturnal, were small silver <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulets<\/span> in the form of a crescent disc (<em>tumi<\/em>) or a stylized female figure. These were placed on children&#8217;s foreheads at bedtime or fastened to the bed frame.<\/p><p>In today&#8217;s Quechua-speaking villages this practice has largely passed into the Catholic veneration of Mary. The Maria medals worn by many Andean mestizos have functionally replaced the silver amulets of Mama Killa.<\/p><p>Religious-ethnological research, in particular the work of Olivia Harris and Marisol de la Cadena, has described in depth this functional continuity alongside simultaneous theological upheaval.<\/p><p>A very specific protective practice is the use of moon silver against lunar eclipses: on days when a lunar eclipse had been announced, mothers with infants wore silver headbands to prevent the attacking creature, through the weakened Mama Killa, from gaining access to the world of the living.<\/p><p>This practice is described in agreement by Cobo and Albornoz and shows how the astronomical event was interpreted cosmologically and coupled with concrete apotropaic actions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mama Killa fits into the worldwide pattern of female moon deities. Structurally comparable are the Greek <em>Artemis-Selene<\/em>, the Roman <em>Diana-Luna<\/em>, the Egyptian <em>Isis<\/em> in her lunar aspect, the Mesopotamian <em>Nanna-Sin<\/em> relationship and the Hindu <em>Chandra<\/em> figure (which, however, is conceived as male).<\/p><p>Within the Americas, Mama Killa shows similarities to the Aztec moon goddess <em>Coyolxauhqui<\/em>, who in the Aztec central myth of the birth of the sun Huitzilopochtli is dismembered by her brother.<\/p><p>The dynamic of aggression between sun and moon is more pronounced in the Aztec <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> than in the Inca version, in which the sister-consort relationship is framed more harmoniously.<\/p><p>Noteworthy too is the comparison with the North American <a href=\"\/en\/changing-woman-life-cycle-goddess-of-the-navajo\/\">Changing Woman<\/a> of the Navajo, who likewise combines life cycle, female maturity and calendrical time in one figure, albeit without the specifically lunar dimension. Eliade described the moon-woman pattern systematically in his work <em>Patterns in Comparative <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religion<\/span><\/em> (1958).<\/p><p>Within the Inca-period comparative perspective, the Aymara variant <em>Phaxsi Mama<\/em> and the north-Andean variant of the Cara religion near Quito are also significant.<\/p><p>The latter knew a moon goddess <em>Quilla<\/em> whose <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> the Spanish chronicler Padre Velasco describes; indications of a pre-Inca lunar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> in the far north of Tawantinsuyu are therefore present. Frank Salomon described this north-Andean moon cult systematically in <em>Native Lords of Quito<\/em> (1986) and distinguished it from the Inca state <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contemporary Reception and Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the modern Andean region Mama Killa is no longer an independent cult object, but lives on in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The traditional folk culture of customs, narratives and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span>, festivals and the growing indigenous cultural movement. In the reconstructed <em>Coya Raymi<\/em> festival (revived since the 1990s in several Cusquenian villages) she is invoked as patron of the feminine and of the sowing season.<\/p><p>In academic research today the focus falls less on institutional lunar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> than on the archaeoastronomical question of the Inca lunar calendar.<\/p><p>Tom Zuidema argued in <em>The Calendar of the Incas<\/em> (2010, posthumous) that the Inca used a 328-day lunar year corresponding to the 328 huaca shrines of the ceque system. This thesis is contested; Brian Bauer and Gary Urton have partially qualified it.<\/p><p>From a religious-studies perspective, Mama Killa remains an important example of an institutional female deity within a male-dominated high culture.<\/p><p>Her position shows that the Inca empire did not operate with a purely patriarchal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the beliefs of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> but developed complementary gendered structures that found expression politically in the Coya-Inca dual regency and theologically in the Inti-Killa sibling-consort pair.<\/p><p>In the contemporary Pachakuti-Mama movement of Bolivia and Peru, Mama Killa also appears as a figure of identification for indigenous feminists. Authors such as Domitila Barrios de Chungara and later Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui have made the rediscovery of female complementarity in the Andean religious system the subject of sociological research.<\/p><p>The Mama Killa figure serves here not as a historical cult-object restoration but as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands representatively for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolic<\/span> reference point for an indigenous gender order of its own, beyond Eurocentric patriarchy critique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature and Sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The following selection lists key works of Andean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies cultures and societies comparatively.\" tabindex=\"0\">ethnology<\/span> and religious history on Mama Killa, with a focus on archaeoastronomical and women&#8217;s history studies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d79402e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d79402e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp236ff127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp236ff127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mama Killa in the Lunar Calendar and the Interpretation of Lunar Eclipses<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26302e24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp26302e24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23bc8ee2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp23bc8ee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mama Killa, the moon goddess of the Inca, was closely tied to the timekeeping of the empire. While the sun god <em>Inti<\/em> structured the annual cycle and the major sowing and harvest festivals, the moon governed the shorter cycle by which religious festivals and presumably parts of the agricultural calendar were oriented.<\/p><p>Spanish chroniclers such as Bernabe Cobo report that several festivals in the Cusco festival calendar were calculated by the moon, even though the precise functioning of the Inca calendar remains disputed to this day.<\/p><p>Particularly revealing are the accounts of how lunar eclipses were interpreted. The chroniclers <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">record<\/span> that the Inca understood a darkening of the moon as an attack by a predator, commonly identified as a puma or a serpent, upon Mama Killa.<\/p><p>To rescue the goddess, the people made noise: they beat on vessels, shouted and made dogs bark, so that the attacking creature might be driven away.<\/p><p>This practice is not specific to the Inca but is attested in many cultures; its documentation for the Andes nonetheless shows that the moon was regarded as a vulnerable being in need of care.<\/p><p>From a source-critical standpoint it should be noted that the chroniclers often described these rites secondhand and with an interest in portraying Andean religion as <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A pejorative term for ideas regarded as unfounded in religious terms.\" tabindex=\"0\">superstition<\/span>. Nevertheless the various accounts agree in their broad outlines, which makes the episode credible.<\/p><p>The concern for Mama Killa during the eclipse illustrates her role as guarantor of a reliable course of time, whose temporary disappearance was experienced as a cosmic threat. For the solar side of this divine pair, see the entry on <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/inti-sun-god-of-the-inca\/\">Inti<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp260f00e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp260f00e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d717866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d717866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Moon Temple in the Coricancha and the Silver Iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25918dee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp25918dee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a3e6774 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2a3e6774\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Coricancha, the central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> of Cusco, Mama Killa had, according to consistent chronicler reports, her own precinct. While the temple section of <em>Inti<\/em> was fitted with gold, the metal associated with the sun, the sources report that the moon precinct was clad in silver.<\/p><p>Garcilaso de la Vega, himself the son of an Inca mother, describes a silver disc or image of Mama Killa and emphasizes the gender symbolism: gold and sun as male, silver and moon as female.<\/p><p>These accounts must be read with caution. Garcilaso wrote his <em>Comentarios Reales<\/em> decades after the conquest in Spain, from memory and with the desire to represent the Inca past with dignity.<\/p><p>The Coricancha itself was largely dismantled by the Spanish; on its walls stands today the monastery of Santo Domingo. The silver cladding can therefore no longer be verified archaeologically, but the looting of precious metals by the conquistadors is well attested and makes the account plausible.<\/p><p>In this moon precinct, according to the chroniclers, the mummified bodies of deceased <em>Coyas<\/em>, the Inca queens, were also preserved and venerated. Mama Killa was thus a cosmic goddess who was at the same time embedded in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veneration of a family's deceased members as enduringly active protective powers.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancestor veneration<\/span> of the female ruling line.<\/p><p>The connection of moon, silver, femininity and the royal line of female ancestors shows that Mama Killa occupied a clearly defined sphere in the Inca religious system, one that stood complementarily opposite to that of the sun god without being subordinate to it in the sense of complete dependence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (Selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Garcilaso de la Vega: <em>Comentarios Reales de los Incas<\/em> (1609)<\/li><li>Bernabe Cobo: <em>Historia del Nuevo Mundo<\/em> (1653)<\/li><li>Tom Zuidema: <em>The Calendar of the Incas<\/em> (2010)<\/li><li>Brian Bauer: <em>The Sacred Landscape of the Inca<\/em> (1998)<\/li><li>Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala: <em>Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno<\/em> (1615)<\/li><li>Catherine Allen: <em>The Hold Life Has<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Sabine MacCormack: <em>Religion in the Andes<\/em> (1991)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Related key terms: Mama Killa Quilla Killakancha Coya Raymi Quikuchikuy Citua lunar eclipse.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-mama-killa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and Protective Traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard draws on the cultural-historical tradition of wearable protective objects, in the tradition of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/andean-cultures-and-the-inca-inti-pachamama-and-viracocha\/\">Andes \/ Inca<\/a> and many other cultures worldwide. 41 layers, solid gold, platinum, silver, crafted in Germany. 30-day return policy.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/about-iwell-guard-the-protective-pendant-in-detail\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about the iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about the iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Personal experiences may vary. Not a medical device. No healing promises.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-mamakilla-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-mamakilla-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard is <strong>not a medical device<\/strong> and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. The religious-studies content is cultural-historical context, not a recommendation for spiritual practice.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mama Killa, moon goddess and sister-consort of the sun god Mama Killa (Quechua Mama Killa) is the moon goddess of the Inca, sister-consort of the sun god Inti and patron of women, calendrical time order and ritual purity. Her temple precinct in the Coricancha of Cusco was lined with silver plates. GoddessAndes \/ IncaMoon Goddess [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5741,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Mama Killa moon goddess Inca","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mama Killa \u2013 Inca Moon Goddess","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mama Killa, the moon goddess of the Inca, is the sister-consort of Inti and patron of women, the calendar and time. A religious-studies introduction.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-5740","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mama Killa \u2013 Inca Moon Goddess<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mama Killa, the moon goddess of the Inca, is the sister-consort of Inti and patron of women, the calendar and time. 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