{"id":5596,"date":"2026-05-08T05:38:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-08T05:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/evil-eye\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:35:53","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:35:53","slug":"evil-eye","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/evil-eye\/","title":{"rendered":"Evil Eye"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5596\" class=\"elementor elementor-5596 elementor-2466 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboehero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboehero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboelft e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboelft\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboeh1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboeh1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboeh1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboeh1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evil Eye, ayin hara, mati and nazar<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboelead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboelead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Widespread notion that an envious gaze from another person can cause harm.\" tabindex=\"0\">evil eye<\/span>, Hebrew ayin hara, Arabic al-ayn, Turkish nazar, Italian malocchio, is the belief that a single malicious glance can cause harm to another person. The belief has been documented in more than sixty cultures and has produced a rich repertoire of protective objects.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboeplc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboeplc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboepl elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"azboepl\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Harm belief: the idea that a person can cause harm to others through a glance, word, or action. Documented anthropologically in more than sixty cultures, with its own repertoire of protective measures.\">Harm Belief<\/span><span class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Belief in the evil eye is attested globally, with concentrations in the Mediterranean, the Near East, South Asia, and Latin America. The earliest evidence dates to the 3rd millennium BCE.\">Mediterranean Region<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboetoc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboetoc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboet elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"azboet\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__azboet\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__azboet\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__azboet\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboergt e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboergt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboeimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"azboeimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/schutzsymbol_mediterran_boeser-blick-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5597\" alt=\"Three traditional Turkish nazar boncu\u011fu protective eyes made of blue glass with concentric rings on a dark background\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/schutzsymbol_mediterran_boeser-blick-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/schutzsymbol_mediterran_boeser-blick-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/schutzsymbol_mediterran_boeser-blick-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/schutzsymbol_mediterran_boeser-blick.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What the evil eye is<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The evil eye is the belief that a person can cause harm to another through a single, often envious or malicious glance. In the accounts that have been handed down, the harm ranges from illness and misfortune to death, from a spilled jug of milk to the actual death of an infant.<\/p><p>Belief in the evil eye is one of the most widespread and at the same time oldest concepts of harm in human history. The American folklorist Alan Dundes documented it in more than sixty cultures, from Ireland to India, from Morocco to Mexico, a breadth that scarcely any other <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious ideas and customs that are widespread in everyday life.\" tabindex=\"0\">folk belief<\/span> reaches.<\/p><p>At its core stands an explanatory model for unspecified misfortune. When a child suddenly falls ill, a cow stops giving milk, or a wedding begins under bad omens, the folk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> of many cultures does not first look for a natural cause but for a social one.<\/p><p>Who was watching? Who gave a compliment? Who was envious? From this search for clues, an entire complex of protective objects, warding gestures, and prophylactic practices develops.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Names across cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Hebrew-speaking world the evil eye is called ayin hara, translated simply as &#8220;evil eye.&#8221; In the Arabic world it is al-ayn, often short for al-ayn al-hasud, the envious eye.<\/p><p>In the Turkish and Persian world it is nazar or nazar boncu\u011fu, literally &#8220;glance bead,&#8221; the word serving for both the belief and the protective object.<\/p><p>In the Greek cultural sphere it is mati, in Italian malocchio, in Spanish mal de ojo, in Romanian deochi. In the South Asian sphere it is drishti dosha in the Sanskrit tradition, nazar in Hindi-Urdu.<\/p><p>This linguistic diversity shows that this is not the tradition of a single culture, but a convergent concept that arose independently or through exchange in many religions and folk communities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Early evidence<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes3b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The oldest documented references to the evil eye reach back to the third millennium BCE. From <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> Sumer and Akkad, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A linguistic ritual intended to summon or bind a power.\" tabindex=\"0\">incantation<\/span> texts have survived that name the harmful eye and speak protective formulas against it. In ancient Egypt, the Horus eye wadjet belongs to the oldest protective symbols directed against a dangerous eye.<\/p><p>Wadjet <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulets<\/span> made of faience and semi-precious stones are found in tombs and dwellings from several dynasties.<\/p><p>In the Hebrew Bible the term ayin hara appears several times, for example in Proverbs 23:6 and 28:22. In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The principal work of rabbinic Judaism, containing interpretation of the religious tradition.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>, the evil eye is discussed in detail in Bava Metzia 107b. Rabbi Yochanan, a leading figure of the Palestinian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The principal work of rabbinic Judaism, containing interpretation of the religious tradition.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>, states there that of one hundred deaths, ninety-nine were caused by the evil eye and only one by natural causes, a statement that later interpretation understands as rhetorical exaggeration, yet which shows the weight of the subject.<\/p><p>In the Quran, protection against envious beings appears in Surah 113 Al-Falaq and in Surah 114 An-Nas; both protection surahs are recited in everyday Islamic life against al-ayn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ancient written sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Greco-Roman <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, approximately 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiquity<\/span>, Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia and Plutarch in his Quaestiones Convivales describe the evil eye as a phenomenon deserving serious attention.<\/p><p>Plutarch devotes a whole treatise to it, in which he discusses theories of how a glance could act physically, for instance through fine particles emitted by the eye. These ancient discussions are important for cultural history because they show that even educated observers took the belief seriously.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Middle Ages and folk belief<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes5b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In medieval Europe the evil eye became a factor in witch trials. Women suspected of witchcraft were often confronted with the accusation that they had caused harm through their gaze, whether to livestock, infants, or men.<\/p><p>In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lateinischer Originaltitel des Hexenhammers; 1486\/87 in Speyer erschienen.\" tabindex=\"0\">Malleus Maleficarum<\/span> of 1486 the evil eye is discussed as evidence. This connection of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious beliefs and customs widespread in everyday life.\" tabindex=\"0\">folk belief<\/span> and criminal law led to many convictions in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch roughly from the 15th to the 18th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">early modern period<\/span>.<\/p><p>In Jewish folk tradition, extensive protective practices developed in parallel, such as adding the phrase &#8220;bli ayin hara,&#8221; in German roughly &#8220;without evil eye,&#8221; after any positive statement about a child or an undertaking.<\/p><p>In the Arabic world, praise was given with the addition of &#8220;mashallah,&#8221; which places the compliment under God&#8217;s protection and is thus meant to guard against the hasud, the envious observer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective objects against the evil eye<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Against the evil eye, an entire range of protective objects has developed over millennia. The best known today is probably the nazar boncu\u011fu, the Turkish blue glass eye with concentric circles in blue, white, and black.<\/p><p>It is regarded as the image of the evil eye itself, reflecting harm back through mirroring. In the Greek cultural sphere it is the mati, often worn as a small blue eye on a chain or bracelet.<\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hamsa\/\" data-tooltip=\"Protective hand with five fingers, a Jewish-Arabic protective symbol belonging to the same family of protection.\">Hamsa<\/a>, the hand of Fatima or Chamsa, belongs to the same protective family. It is often depicted with an eye at its center, which doubles the protective effect. Regionally specific objects are also found, such as the Italian cornicello, a twisted horn of coral or gold worn in southern Italy against malocchio.<\/p><p>In Jewish folk tradition, red threads are added, worn on the wrist or attached to baby cradles. In the South Asian world, black dots made of coal are painted by mothers on their baby&#8217;s forehead, small deliberate imperfections intended to deprive the observer&#8217;s eye of any reason for envy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iconography of the protective eye<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The nazar boncu\u011fu has its own visual language. The concentric circles in blue, light blue, white, and a black dot at the center form an eye that mirrors the observer back.<\/p><p>Glassblowing workshops in the Turkish city of Izmir and its hinterland have refined the form over centuries. Similar eye objects exist in the Persian, Greek, and Armenian worlds; all share the basic idea of an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Warding off evil: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences away.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span> mirror.<\/p><p>In modern jewelry design, the eye has developed into a universal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>, appearing in collections from America to Australia, often without the wearers knowing the original religious background.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Warding gestures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In addition to objects, many cultures know warding gestures.<\/p><p>In southern Europe the mano fica is a fist with the thumb tucked between the index and middle finger; in southern Italy there is also the mano cornuta with the index and little finger extended and the middle fingers folded in. Both gestures serve as protective formulas.<\/p><p>In Jewish and Islamic traditions, spitting, often three times in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands representatively for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolic<\/span> suggestion, is an act of warding off an unwanted compliment. Salt on the threshold belongs to Mediterranean as well as northern European protective gestures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification in religious studies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Scholarly engagement with the evil eye began in the 19th century with ethnological travel accounts, but only established itself as a serious <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmitted folk culture with customs, narratives, and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> field through the studies of Alan Dundes in the 1980s. His anthology The Evil Eye, A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmitted folk culture with customs, narratives, and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folklore<\/span> Casebook of 1981 brings together thirty essays from various cultural contexts.<\/span><\/p><p>Clarence Maloney provided a comprehensive ethnological synthesis in 1976 with The Evil Eye. John H. Elliott examined the phenomenon in the biblical world in his four-volume series Beware the Evil Eye.<\/p><p>These studies do not dismiss the belief as <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A pejorative term for ideas regarded as unfounded in religious terms.\" tabindex=\"0\">superstition<\/span> but treat it as a coherent cultural system that fulfills social functions, above all the management of envy in communities with scarce resources.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pop culture and fashion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes10b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes10b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since the 2010s, the blue eye has become one of the most successful jewelry motifs in the Western mainstream. Kim Kardashian displays it regularly in public, Gigi Hadid wears it, and young brands from Istanbul, Athens, and Tel Aviv export it worldwide.<\/p><p>The connection between fashion and the original protective meaning has often been lost in the process, which has prompted criticism from some cultural historians and representatives of the cultures of origin.<\/p><p>At the same time, the trend shows that the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> holds a significance for modern wearers that goes beyond pure fashion. The eye as a reminder of the possibility of envy and of the desire for a protective gesture is evidently a concept that does not disappear even in a secularly and scientifically shaped world.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification in the iwell-guard lexicon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes11b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes11b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The evil eye is a cross-cutting entry in the iwell-guard lexicon. It connects protective objects from multiple cultures and provides the shared functional background for many wearable protective items, from <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/pazuzu\/\" data-tooltip=\"Mesopotamian protective demon whose pendants were meant to protect pregnant women from Lamashtu.\">Pazuzu<\/a> pendants to <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/bes\/\" data-tooltip=\"Egyptian protective deity for families, children, and pregnant women.\">Bes<\/a> figurines, the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hamsa\/\" data-tooltip=\"Protective hand with five fingers, a Jewish-Arabic protective symbol belonging to the same family of protection.\">Hamsa<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/mezuzah\/\" data-tooltip=\"Jewish scroll on the doorpost, a sister protective object.\">Mezuzah<\/a>.<\/p><p>Understanding the evil eye as a concept also helps to understand why these protective objects have been worn across so many cultures over such a long period of time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature and sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes12b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes12b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Alan Dundes (ed.): The Evil Eye, A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmitted folk culture with customs, narratives, and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folklore<\/span> Casebook. Garland Publishing, New York 1981.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Clarence Maloney (ed.): The Evil Eye. Columbia University Press, New York 1976.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>John H. Elliott: Beware the Evil Eye, The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World. 4 volumes, Cascade Books 2015 to 2017.<\/span><\/li><li>Plutarch: Quaestiones Convivales 5,7. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, approximately 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ancient<\/span> discussion on the mechanism of effect.<\/li><li>Pliny the Elder: Naturalis Historia 7,16. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, approximately 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ancient<\/span> accounts of eye-caused harm.<\/li><li>Babylonian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The principal work of rabbinic Judaism, containing interpretation of the religious tradition.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>, Bava Metzia 107b. Rabbinic discussion of ayin hara.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Edward Westermarck: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> and Belief in Morocco. Macmillan, London 1926. Early study of the Maghreb.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Salim al-Hassani: The Evil Eye in Islamic Tradition. Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation 2010.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>External links for the detail page:<\/p><ul><li>JSTOR entry Dundes 1981<\/li><li>Encyclopaedia Iranica entry &#8220;Cheshm-zakhm&#8221; on the Persian term<\/li><li>Encyclopaedia Judaica entry &#8220;Evil Eye&#8221;<\/li><li>British Museum, collection of apotropaic eye amulets<\/li><li>Mus\u00e9e du Quai Branly Paris, collection of protective objects from the Mediterranean region<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"azboes13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disclaimer at the bottom of the page<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes13b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboes13b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboes13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"azboes13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p>The content on this page provides classification from the perspectives of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> and cultural history. iwell-guard is not a medical product and does not replace medical or psychotherapeutic treatment. Personal perceptions may vary. No healing promises.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboecta e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"azboecta\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-azboectab elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"azboectab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/about-iwell-guard-the-protective-pendant-in-detail\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn more about iWell Guard<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-boeserblick e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-boeserblick\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-boeserblick-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-boeserblick-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comparing the terms <em>ayin hara<\/em>, <em>mati<\/em>, <em>malocchio<\/em>, and <em>nazar<\/em> shows that the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Widespread belief that an envious glance can cause harm to another person.\" tabindex=\"0\">evil eye<\/span> is not an isolated concept belonging to a single culture, but rather an interpretive pattern for envy, harm, and misfortune that is widespread across the Mediterranean, the Near East, and southern Europe.<\/p><p>The comparison reveals different protective practices, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, harm-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> forms, and ritual countermeasures, each anchored in religious and linguistic history.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evil Eye, ayin hara, mati and nazar compared The evil eye, Hebrew ayin hara, Arabic al-ayn, Turkish nazar, Italian malocchio, is the belief that a single malicious glance can cause harm to another person. The belief has been documented in more than sixty cultures and has produced a rich repertoire of protective objects. Harm BeliefMediterranean [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5597,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"evil eye","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Evil Eye, ayin hara, mati, malocchio, nazar","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"The evil eye is one of the oldest and most widespread concepts of harm. History, protective objects, and classification from the perspective","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-5596","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Evil Eye, ayin hara, mati, malocchio, nazar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The evil eye is one of the oldest and most widespread concepts of harm. History, protective objects, and classification from the perspective\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/evil-eye\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evil Eye\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The evil eye is one of the oldest and most widespread concepts of harm. 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