{"id":5406,"date":"2026-04-27T10:37:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/manjushri\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:34:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:34:05","slug":"manjushri","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/manjushri\/","title":{"rendered":"Manjushri"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5406\" class=\"elementor elementor-5406 elementor-2129 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri, god of the Buddhist tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manjushri is a god of the Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones his own liberation for the sake of the teaching, on behalf of other beings.\">bodhisattva<\/span> of wisdom, bearing the flaming sword of insight.<\/strong> Manjushri is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones his liberation for the sake of the teaching, on behalf of other beings.\">bodhisattva<\/span> of transcendent wisdom (*Prajna*), a radiant, youthful enlightened being whose sword cuts through the darkness of ignorance in a flash. In one hand he holds this flaming sword, in the other a lotus book containing the wisdom of the sutras.<\/p><p>With curly reddish hair and a gentle face, Manjushri sits upon a lion, not as a king but as a teacher who instructs all who listen. His veneration is central to Tibetan and East Asian Buddhism.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: personified supreme power within the pantheon of a culture, with clear domains, forces of nature, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, offerings and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/buddhism\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Buddhist tradition with bodhisattvas, protective deities, hungry ghosts and guardians of the underworld.\">Buddhism<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5407\" alt=\"Manjushri - gods from the Buddhist tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a Glance: Manjushri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Great Vehicle'; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal and an elaborate philosophical reflection.\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones his liberation for the sake of the teaching, on behalf of other beings.\">bodhisattva<\/span>, embodiment of supreme wisdom (Praj&ntilde;&acirc;)<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Great Vehicle; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal.\">Mahayana<\/span> and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Diamond Vehicle'; the tantric form of Mahayana Buddhism, primarily in Tibet, centred on yidam practice and mantra technique.\">Vajrayana<\/span> Buddhism<br>Function: wisdom, the cutting sword against ignorance, patron of teaching and study<br>Main attributes: sword (khadga, cutting through ignorance), Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> book on a lotus, lotus throne, lion mount<br>Main place of worship: Mt. Wutai (Shanxi, China, one of the four <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> Buddhist mountains)<br>Tibetan: Jamp&auml;l, Japanese: Monju Bosatsu<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the texts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manju&scaron;ri is attested from the early Mah&acirc;y&acirc;na sutras (1st to 2nd century CE) onward, and is especially central to the <em>Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc;<\/em> sutras. The main flowering of Manju&scaron;ri veneration in China falls in the Tang and Song dynasties (with the Mt. Wutai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> centre).<\/p><p>In Tibet he has been central since the 8th century; many teachers (above all Sakya Pa&#7751;&#7693;ita and Tsongkhapa) are regarded as incarnations of Manju&scaron;ri. In the Sakya tradition he is central as the principal meditation <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Tibetan Buddhism, a meditation deity with which a practitioner works through identification in order to embody aspects of enlightenment.\" tabindex=\"0\">yidam<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of distribution<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Main place of worship: <strong>Mt. Wutai<\/strong> (Shanxi, China, one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains of China, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">consecrated<\/span> to him as Manju&scaron;ri&#8217;s earthly dwelling; the <em>Wutaishan tradition<\/em> is one of the most important Chinese Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religiously motivated journey to a sacred site.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrimage<\/span> destinations, spanning more than 1500 years).<\/span><\/p><p>Alongside this, Tibetan Sakya and Gelug monasteries, Japanese Tendai and Shingon <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> (as Monju Bosatsu), and Korean and Vietnamese Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">State of the sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Central sources: the <em>Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc;<\/em> sutras (especially the Manju&scaron;ri-Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc;), the <em>Manju&scaron;ri-m&ucirc;la-kalpa<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A religious and ritual tradition in Hinduism and Buddhism with a doctrine of energy polarities.\">tantra<\/span>), the <em>Aryamanju&scaron;ri-Mulakalpa<\/em>, the <em>Manju&scaron;ri-N&acirc;ma-Sa&#7747;g&icirc;ti<\/em> (a central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Diamond Vehicle; the tantric form of Mahayana Buddhism, primarily in Tibet, centred on yidam practice.\">Vajrayana<\/span> hymn, the recitation of 162 names of Manju&scaron;ri).<\/p><p>Secondary literature: Williams, <em>Mahayana Buddhism<\/em>; Lopez, <em>Religions of Tibet in Practice<\/em>; Cabez&oacute;n, <em>The Buddha&rsquo;s Doctrine and the Nine Vehicles<\/em>; Birnbaum, <em>Studies on the Mysteries of Manjusri<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and spellings<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manjushri is depicted as a beautiful, youthful <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones his liberation for the sake of the teaching, on behalf of other beings.\">bodhisattva<\/span> with reddish, curly hair, often in silken robes. His principal hand wields a sword that burns in flames, the sword of wisdom that cleaves ignorance.<\/p><p>In the other hand he carries a book on a reddish lotus, symbolizing the sutras or the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated formula of syllables or words with transformative effect; central to Indian traditions, adapted in the West as decree practice.\">mantra<\/span> <em>Prajna Paramita<\/em>. He rides upon a lion, not as a rider, but as the lion itself is wisdom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manjushri is the teacher of wisdom. His sword is not a weapon of destruction, but one for cutting through darkness. In Manjushri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spiritual practice of exercise in Hinduism and Buddhism with mantra, visualization and rite.\" tabindex=\"0\">sadhana<\/span> he is visualized as the inner teacher whose flaming sword cuts through one&#8217;s own ignorance.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated formula of syllables or words with transformative effect; central to Indian traditions.\">mantra<\/span> <em>Om Ah Ra Pa Cha Na Dhih<\/em> is recited to purify the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which effects in the world are attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mind<\/span> and attain wisdom. In traditional schools it is reported that Manjushri comes directly into the dream of the devotee in order to teach.<\/p><p><strong>Appearance and symbolism<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Manjushri<\/em> is depicted as a young <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones his liberation for the sake of the teaching, on behalf of other beings.\">bodhisattva<\/span> with a pink complexion. In his right hand he carries a flaming sword that severs ignorance. His left hand holds a lotus stem bearing the lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> manuscript. His mount is the lion, which embodies imperial power.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Manjushri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Manju&scaron;ri at a glance. The following fields summarize origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols and cultural parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cultural context<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manju&scaron;ri (&bdquo;the gentle splendour&ldquo;) emerges in the early Mah&acirc;y&acirc;na tradition as the embodiment of supreme wisdom (Praj&ntilde;&acirc;). Together with <em>Avalokitesvara<\/em> (compassion) and <em>Samantabhadra<\/em> or <em>Vajrap&acirc;ni<\/em> (practice and power respectively), he forms the triad of the central bodhisattvas.<\/p><p>He is the father of all bodhisattvas in one tradition (&bdquo;mother of all Buddhas&ldquo;). In the historical tradition he is connected with the spread of Buddhism to China; some sources have him appear on Mt. Wutai and teach Chinese monks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri's audience<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Embodiment of <em>Praj&ntilde;&acirc;<\/em> (supreme wisdom, the realization of emptiness). Patron of teachers, students, examinees and scholars. His <em>sword<\/em> cuts through the root of ignorance (<em>avidy&acirc;<\/em>).<\/p><p>In the personal practice context he is the bodhisattva <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> at the start of studies, before examinations and during research. In the Sakya tradition he is central as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Tibetan Buddhism, a meditation deity with which a practitioner works through identification in order to embody aspects of enlightenment.\">yidam<\/span>; the <em>Manju&scaron;ri-N&acirc;ma-Sa&#7747;g&icirc;ti<\/em> is understood as the highest proclamation of truth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Depiction<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A young, beautiful bodhisattva with a golden (sometimes orange) complexion, in lotus posture upon a lion or lotus. The <em>sword<\/em> (khadga, often flaming) in the raised right hand is the most famous Manju&scaron;ri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>. The <em>Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> book<\/em> rests on a lotus in the left hand.<\/p><p>He wears a five-pointed crown, a precious robe and jewellery. Wrathful form: <em>Yamantaka<\/em> (Vajrabhairava), conqueror of Yama, a sixteen-armed, buffalo-headed form. In Japan, as <em>Monju Bosatsu<\/em>, he is often depicted with the lion mount (shishi).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Function<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of effect:<\/strong> Manju&scaron;ri is venerated in every <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Great Vehicle; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal.\">Mahayana<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span>, especially by students and scholars. He is typically <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> before every Buddhist teaching session. In Tibet the <em>Manju&scaron;ri-N&acirc;ma-Sa&#7747;g&icirc;ti<\/em> is recited daily.<\/p><p>The Mt. Wutai pilgrimage has been central in China for more than 1500 years. In Japan he is present as a patron at schools and universities (within the modern educational system). Personal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> takes place before examinations, before research and before important intellectual decisions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri's defence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sword (khadga, often flaming), the Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> book on a lotus, the lion mount (shishi in Japan), a five-pointed crown, a lotus throne. In the wrathful Yamantaka form: buffalo head, many arms, bone ornaments. Sacred plants: lotus. Sacred animals: lion (mount). Sacred <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated formula of syllables or words with transformative effect; central to Indian traditions.\">mantra<\/span>: <em>Om Ah Ra Pa Ca Na Dhi<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparable figures<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Avalokitesvara<\/em> (Buddhism, partner in the compassion triad), <em>Samantabhadra<\/em> (Buddhism, partner in the practice triad), <em>Vajrap&acirc;ni<\/em> (Buddhism, the power bodhisattva), <em>Yamantaka<\/em> (his own wrathful form), <em>Sarasvati<\/em> (Hinduism, goddess of wisdom, a partial parallel, in some tantric traditions Manju&scaron;ri&#8217;s consort), <em>Thoth<\/em> (Egypt, god of writing and wisdom), <em>Hermes<\/em> (Greece, a teacher of wisdom in the hermetic tradition), <em>Nabu<\/em> (Mesopotamia, god of writing).<\/p><p>The sword symbolism for wisdom is also found in <em>Excalibur<\/em> and in the Christian tradition (&bdquo;sword of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which effects in the world are attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span>&ldquo;).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective practice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituals of veneration<\/strong><\/p><p>The Manjushri puja is a core <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Great Vehicle; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal.\">Mahayana<\/span> tradition, with <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span> (flowers, incense sticks, lights) before statues or thangkas. The Gandavyuha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (chapter 25) documents the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religiously motivated journey to a sacred place.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrimage<\/span> to the bodhisattva.<\/p><p>Modern practice: reciting the Manjushri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula spoken repeatedly in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> (om a ra pa ca na dhih) daily, especially before periods of study or spiritual decisions. Buddhist schools in Tibet, China and Japan hold annual veneration festivals.<\/p><p><strong>Invocations and supplications<\/strong><\/p><p>The Manjushri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula spoken repeatedly in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> &#8220;om a ra pa ca na dhih&#8221; (six syllables) is one of the most powerful wisdom mantras; the syllables correspond to the marks of knowledge (dharmas).<\/p><p>Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> use the chanting of the Manjushri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>. Tibetan tantric invocation <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>: visualizing Manjushri as a flaming, sword-bearing figure in order to cut through mental delusion. The Sanskrit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">transmission<\/span> appears in the Mahavairocana Tantra.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amulets<\/span> and protective symbols<\/strong><\/p><p>Manjushri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, warding effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span>: small brass plaques or wood carvings depicting the sword of wisdom. Tibetan Om amulets and Manjushri thangka images in household shrines.<\/p><p>Archaeologically attested: Manjushri reliefs in Bamiyan (6th century) and in the Chinese cave temple complexes of Mogao. Japanese omamori (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, warding effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> pouches) with Manjushri motifs are available in the temples of Kyoto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri, parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manjushri resembles Athena of the Greeks; both are a goddess or god of wisdom and of war (here: the spiritual war against ignorance). With Hermes-Thoth (writing and knowledge) he shares the attribute of the book.<\/p><p>The burning sword recalls the flaming sword of the archangel Michael, or the burning intelligence of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoteric<\/span> traditions. Manjushri, however, is not martial like these figures, but purely philosophical and transformative.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp593cf9b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp593cf9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf3a113c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf3a113c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sword and Book: The Iconography of Wisdom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp794c071 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp794c071\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa4d6783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa4d6783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manjushri is the bodhisattva of perfect wisdom, and his pictorial formula makes this function immediately legible.<\/p><p>In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">classical<\/span> depiction he holds in his right hand a flaming sword pointed upward, and in his left hand or beside the left shoulder a book, usually the <em>Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101<\/em>, the text of the perfection of wisdom, resting on a lotus blossom. The sword severs ignorance; the book embodies the teaching itself.<\/p><p>Manjushri is frequently depicted as youthful, which his <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A fixed epithet that characterizes a deity or figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">epithet<\/span> <em>Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012bkum\u0101rabh\u016bta<\/em>, the ever-youthful Manjushri, underscores. This youthfulness points to the freshness and unspent quality of insight, not to immaturity.<\/p><p>His mount is, in many forms, a lion whose roar stands for the fearless proclamation of the teaching. His complexion is usually orange-yellow; in tantric forms he also appears black, white, or in multi-armed and multi-faced variants.<\/p><p>In the Vajrayana art of Tibet, Mongolia and the Himalaya, a broad spectrum of Manjushri forms developed, among them the orange <em>Arapacana<\/em> Manjushri, named after a sequence of syllables that serves as his essential mantra, as well as wrathful forms such as Yamantaka, the conqueror of the god of death, who is regarded as the wrathful aspect of Manjushri.<\/p><p>The multiplicity of forms is instructive from a religious-studies perspective: it shows that a single bodhisattva could be visualized, depending on the ritual aim, as peaceful or wrathful, simple or highly complex.<\/p><p>The earliest pictorial evidence reaches back to the Gupta period of India; Manjushri&#8217;s greatest iconographic flowering, however, took place in the East Asian and the Tibetan traditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6284d60 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6284d60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7afb125 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7afb125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mount Wutai: Manjushri's Earthly Seat in China<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1f3f81c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1f3f81c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp65c5f8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp65c5f8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A distinctive feature of Manjushri is that a concrete geographical home is ascribed to him. According to Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>, he resides on Mount Wutai (Chinese <em>W\u01d4t\u00e1i Sh\u0101n<\/em>, mountain of the five terraces) in the north Chinese province of Shanxi.<\/p><p>This localization is based, among other things, on the <em>Avatamsaka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span><\/em>, in which a dwelling of Manjushri in a northeastern mountain range is named, which Chinese exegetes related to Wutai.<\/p><p>Wutai thereby became one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains of China and an international pilgrimage destination. As early as the Tang period, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A person who undertakes a religiously motivated journey to a sacred place.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrims<\/span> came from Korea, Japan, Central Asia and Tibet to ascend the mountain, in the hope of encountering Manjushri in a vision or in the guise of an inconspicuous monk or beggar.<\/p><p>The Japanese monk Ennin left a detailed travel account in the 9th century, which is an important source for research into the pilgrimage practice of the time.<\/p><p>The significance of Wutai extends beyond China. In the Tibetan and Mongolian traditions the mountain was likewise venerated as a Manjushri site; several Tibetan hierarchs made pilgrimage there or had <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> erected.<\/p><p>The Qing emperors, who in part inscribed themselves into the Manjushri symbolism, promoted the mountain as a place where Chinese, Tibetan and Mongolian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The lived religious attitude and practice of a person.\" tabindex=\"0\">piety<\/span> came together.<\/p><p>In terms of religious history, Wutai is thus a model case of how a textual hint was, over the centuries, built up into a real and politically significant sacred landscape.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe7dcb3d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe7dcb3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02833f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp02833f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri in the Mahayana Sutras<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6e991a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf6e991a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe71215c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe71215c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manjushri is one of the most frequently appearing bodhisattva figures of Mahayana literature, and his role in the texts shapes his profile more strongly than any single <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>. In the <em>Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101<\/em> literature he is the epitome of penetrating insight into the emptiness of all appearances.<\/p><p>In the <em>Vimalak\u012brti-nirde\u015ba-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a doctrinal text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">S\u016btra<\/span><\/em> he is the only one among the great disciples and bodhisattvas who dares to visit the sick layman Vimalakirti and to conduct with him the famous teaching dialogue on non-duality.<\/p><p>In the <em>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span><\/em> Manjushri appears as an interlocutor who instructs the assembly about past Buddhas. A much-discussed episode of the same text, in which the eight-year-old daughter of the dragon king attains enlightenment instantly, is often read in connection with Manjushri&#8217;s teaching activity.<\/p><p>The <em>Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012bm\u016blakalpa<\/em>, an extensive text that mixes elements of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> and tantra, gives ritual instructions and mantras and is at the same time an important source for the early history of esoteric Buddhism.<\/p><p>It is notable that in several texts Manjushri is described as a bodhisattva who was himself a Buddha already in an unimaginably distant past, or who has promoted the buddhahood of many others. This statement raises him above the status of a mere disciple.<\/p><p>Research, for instance in the works of \u00c9tienne Lamotte on Manjushri, has reconstructed from the scattering of evidence that the figure developed over several centuries from a minor character into a central embodiment of the wisdom ideal, in parallel with the formation of Mahayana philosophy itself.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3b30889 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3b30889\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp671a352 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp671a352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mantra, Meditation and Tantric Practice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29cadf8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp29cadf8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp12a3332 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp12a3332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In practical observance, Manjushri is present above all through his <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula spoken repeatedly in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> and through visualization exercises.<\/p><p>The best-known formula is <em>o\u1e43 a ra pa ca na dh\u012b\u1e25<\/em>. The syllable series <em>arapacana<\/em> stems from an old Indian ordering of letters and became, in Manjushri practice, a meditative tool in which each syllable is linked with an aspect of the teaching.<\/p><p>The concluding seed syllable <em>dh\u012b\u1e25<\/em> is regarded as his actual essence mantra; in some traditions it is repeated many times at the end of the recitation.<\/p><p>In Tibetan practice, Manjushri meditation is regarded as particularly suited to fostering understanding, memory and comprehension. It is therefore often recommended to students and scholars and practiced before study or before examinations.<\/p><p>Important here is the religious-studies clarification that this is not a matter of a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magical<\/span> boost in performance, but of a traditionally grounded exercise of concentration and motivation; no promises of salvation are attached to it.<\/p><p>On the higher tantric level, Manjushri is the centre of his own systems of practice. The <em>Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012bn\u0101masa\u1e43g\u012bti<\/em>, the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The fixed order of worship of a religious community.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgy<\/span> of the names of Manjushri, is a significant liturgical text that is regularly recited in many Tibetan schools.<\/p><p>In Vajrayana practice Manjushri also appears in his wrathful form as Yamantaka, which is transmitted in complex cycles of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ritual transition through which someone is admitted into a new status or community.\" tabindex=\"0\">initiation<\/span> and visualization and is practiced only under the guidance of qualified teachers.<\/p><p>Here too the basic pattern of Manjushri veneration shows itself: a single <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>, the cutting through of ignorance, can be carried out in a quiet study exercise just as in a highly structured tantric <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The fixed order of worship of a religious community.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgy<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbaeb612 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbaeb612\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpad1db13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpad1db13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Embodiments: Hierarchs and Rulers as Manjushri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp632f85d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp632f85d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp782caba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp782caba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A peculiarity of Manjushri veneration is that historical persons were interpreted as his manifestations. In the Tibetan tradition a number of great scholars are regarded as embodiments of Manjushri, because their extraordinary acumen was understood as an expression of his wisdom.<\/p><p>Best known is Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug school in the 14th and 15th centuries, who is traditionally closely connected with Manjushri; he too is reported to have had visions of the bodhisattva.<\/p><p>Politically especially consequential was the connection of Manjushri with the Qing emperors. In the Tibetan-Mongolian correspondence and in dedicatory inscriptions the Manchu rulers were addressed as Manjushri or set in relation to him.<\/p><p>Research discusses to what extent the term Manchu and the name Manjushri were related to one another in terms of sound; a deliberate ideological use of this closeness by the Qing court is regarded as probable. Mount Wutai served in this context as a stage for imperial <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The lived religious attitude and practice of a person.\" tabindex=\"0\">piety<\/span>.<\/p><p>These conceptions of embodiment are instructive from a religious-studies perspective, because they show how an abstract principle, wisdom, became anchored in concrete persons and thereby also usable for purposes of legitimation.<\/p><p>At the same time, Manjushri always remained, in the scholarly tradition, the ideal teacher whose image hung above the writing desk and whose <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula spoken repeatedly in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> was spoken before study.<\/p><p>The range thus extends from the imperial self-image to the quiet exercise of the individual monk, an indication of how multilayered the veneration of a single bodhisattva could become over the centuries.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/avalokiteshvara\/\">Avalokitesvara, bodhisattva of compassion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/samantabhadra\/\">Samantabhadra, bodhisattva of practice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/vajrapani\/\">Vajrap&acirc;ni, bodhisattva of power<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/yamantaka\/\">Yamantaka, his own wrathful form<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/buddhism\/\">Buddhism, pantheon overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/high-deities\/\">High deities, subcategory<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, class overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Birnbaum, Raoul: <em>Studies on the Mysteries of Manjusri<\/em>. Boulder 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cabez&oacute;n, Jos&eacute; Ignacio: <em>The Buddha&rsquo;s Doctrine and the Nine Vehicles<\/em>. Albany 2013.<\/span><\/li><li><em>Manju&scaron;ri-N&acirc;ma-Sa&#7747;g&icirc;ti<\/em> (numerous translations).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (entry &bdquo;Manju&scaron;ri&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74e12a8 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"74e12a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25da554 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25da554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently Asked Questions about Manjushri<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who is Manjushri in Buddhism?<\/h3><p>Manjushri (Sanskrit, roughly the gentle glory) is the bodhisattva of supramundane wisdom (Prajna) and thus the counterpart to the compassion bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.<\/p><p>He is typically depicted with a flaming sword in the right hand, which severs ignorance, and a book of the perfection of wisdom in the left. Manjushri embodies the sharp, clear insight that recognizes the nature of reality. In Tibet, students and scholars invoke him before study.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>What role does Manjushri play in Tibet and China?<\/h3><p>In China, Mount Wutai Shan in the province of Shanxi is regarded as the earthly seat of Manjushri and is one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains of the country, a pilgrimage destination for more than a thousand years.<\/p><p>In Tibet, Manjushri is closely connected with the Gelug school; its founder Tsongkhapa is regarded as his <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Neoplatonic and Kabbalistic theology the emergence of lower levels of being from the One.\" tabindex=\"0\">emanation<\/span>.<\/p><p>Manjushri is also the mythical founder of the Kathmandu valley civilization in Nepal, where, according to the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An edifying narrative, usually about the life of saints.\" tabindex=\"0\">legend<\/span>, he cleaved a mountain gorge with his sword in order to drain a lake and thus create fertile settlement land.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who is Manjushri in Buddhism?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Manjushri (Sanskrit, roughly the gentle glory) is the bodhisattva of supramundane wisdom (Prajna) and thus the counterpart to the compassion bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. 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Manjushri is also the mythical founder of the Kathmandu valley civilization in Nepal, where, according to the <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"An edifying narrative, usually about the life of saints.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">legend<\/span>, he cleaved a mountain gorge with his sword in order to drain a lake and thus create fertile settlement land.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manjushri, god of the Buddhist tradition Manjushri is a god of the Buddhist tradition. The bodhisattva of wisdom, bearing the flaming sword of insight. Manjushri is the bodhisattva of transcendent wisdom (*Prajna*), a radiant, youthful enlightened being whose sword cuts through the darkness of ignorance in a flash. In one hand he holds this flaming [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5407,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Manjushri","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Manjushri: Bodhisattva of Wisdom and Flaming Sword","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Manjushri, bodhisattva of wisdom. 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