{"id":5394,"date":"2026-04-27T10:37:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/avalokiteshvara\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:33:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:33:46","slug":"avalokiteshvara","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/avalokiteshvara\/","title":{"rendered":"Avalokiteshvara"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5394\" class=\"elementor elementor-5394 elementor-2125 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avalokiteshvara, god of the Buddhist tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avalokiteshvara is a god of the Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their own liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> of compassion, embodied a thousandfold for the salvation of all beings. Avalokiteshvara is arguably the best known <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Great Vehicle'; one of the three principal traditions of Buddhism, with the Bodhisattva ideal and elaborated philosophical reflection.\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhism, so popular that he is almost regarded as a god. His name means &#8220;the one who hears the sounds of the world&#8221;.<\/p><p>With a thousand arms, each of which holds an eye, Avalokiteshvara stands ready to help every being. In China he became the goddess Guanyin, in Japan Kannon, and everywhere he hears the cries of those who suffer. A gentle, generous power, no thunderbolt like Vajrapani, but the very heart of enlightenment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ goddess: personified supreme power within the pantheon of a culture, with clear domains, forces of nature, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/buddhism\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Buddhist tradition with bodhisattvas, protective deities, hungry ghosts and guardians of hell.\">Buddhism<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_avalokiteshvara-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5395\" alt=\"Avalokiteshvara, gods from the Buddhist tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_avalokiteshvara-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_avalokiteshvara-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_avalokiteshvara-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_avalokiteshvara.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avalokiteshvara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a glance: Avalokiteshvara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Great Vehicle; one of the three principal traditions of Buddhism, with the Bodhisattva ideal.\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhist bodhisattva, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> of compassion<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Great Vehicle; one of the three principal traditions of Buddhism, with the Bodhisattva ideal.\">Mahayana<\/span> and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Diamond Vehicle'; tantric form of Mahayana Buddhism, primarily in Tibet, centered on Yidam practice and mantra technique.\">Vajrayana<\/span> Buddhism (all schools)<br>Function: embodiment of boundless compassion (<em>karu&#7751;&#257;<\/em>)<br>Principal attributes: lotus, vase with nectar, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated syllable or word formula with transformative effect; central in Indian traditions, adapted in the West as decree practice.\">mantra<\/span> OM MA&#7771;I PADME H&#7770;M<br>Principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> sites: Potala Palace (Lhasa), Putuoshan (China), Tibet, Bhutan<br>East Asian identifications: Guanyin (China), Kannon (Japan), Quan Am (Vietnam)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the texts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avalokiteshvara is attested from the 1st to 2nd century AD in the early Mah&acirc;y&acirc;na sutras. The main flourishing of the iconographic tradition is the Gupta period of India (4th to 6th century).<\/p><p>With the spread of Mah&acirc;y&acirc;na to China (3rd century onward) the identification shifted toward the female <em>Guanyin<\/em>. In Tibet central since the 7th century, the Dalai Lama is regarded as his incarnation. Today one of the most widely venerated Buddhist bodhisattvas in the world.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of diffusion<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principal cult sites: <strong>Potala Palace in Lhasa<\/strong> (the principal Tibetan cult site), <strong>Putuoshan<\/strong> (one of the four <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> mountains of Chinese Buddhism, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">consecrated<\/span> to Avalokiteshvara\/Guanyin), the Sera and Drepung monasteries (Tibet). In modern China and Vietnam thousands of Guanyin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span>. In Japan one of the most important bodhisattvas (the 33-Kannon <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religiously motivated journey to a sacred site.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrimage<\/span> routes).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">State of the sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Central sources: the <em>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> (chapter 25, the famous Avalokitesvara chapter), the <em>K&acirc;ra&#7751;&#7693;avy&ucirc;ha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> (the main source for the OM MA&#7751;I <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span>), the <em>Sukh&acirc;vati-vy&ucirc;ha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>, the Tibetan <em>Mani Kabum<\/em>.<\/p><p>Secondary literature: Studholme, <em>The Origins of Om Manipadme Hum<\/em>; Yu, <em>Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokitesvara<\/em>; Lopez, <em>Religions of Tibet in Practice<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and variants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avalokiteshvara is usually depicted with one or eleven heads, but his best known form has a thousand arms, each with an eye in its center. His body is white, pink or golden. The uppermost hand often holds a lotus.<\/p><p>He wears a crown with the Buddha Amitabha on the forehead, his spiritual master. In different cultures his form varies: the Chinese Guanyin is female and gentle; the Tibetan form (Chenrezig) is male and can be fearsome; the Japanese Kannon is androgynous.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avalokiteshvara hears the sounds of the world, every cry of suffering, every plea for help. He manifests a thousandfold in order to save: as a mother, as a warrior, as a physician, as a priest.<\/p><p>In Himalayan Buddhism the Chenrezig meditation is central; one visualizes oneself as the thousand-armed Avalokiteshvara. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated syllable or word formula with transformative effect; central in Indian traditions.\">mantra<\/span> <em>Om Mani Padme Hum<\/em> (&#8220;Oh jewel in the lotus&#8221;) is recited daily to cultivate compassion. Prayers to Avalokiteshvara fill every <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The verbal turning of a person toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> hall.<\/p><h3>Appearance and symbolism<\/h3><p><em>Avalokiteshvara<\/em> is depicted with eleven heads or a thousand arms (in Tibetan Buddhism), where each head and arm embodies an aspect of compassion. The white or pink skin color symbolizes purity. He carries a lotus and a water vessel. His mount is the lion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Avalokiteshvara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Avalokiteshvara at a glance. The following fields summarize origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols and parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradition<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avalokiteshvara arises in the early Mah&acirc;y&acirc;na tradition as the personification of the boundless compassion of the Buddha. In some sutras he appears as the emanated son of the Buddha Amit&acirc;bha (the Sukh&acirc;vati school).<\/p><p>In Tibet the Dalai Lama is regarded as a re-incarnation of Avalokiteshvara. In China the identification shifts from the Tang period onward toward the female Guanyin, one of the most significant gender transformations in the history of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Object of influence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Embodiment of infinite compassion (<em>mah&acirc;-karu&#7751;&acirc;<\/em>). Whoever is in distress and calls upon Avalokiteshvara receives deliverance. In the Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> 33 manifestations are enumerated; Avalokiteshvara appears in the form the seeker of help requires.<\/p><p>Protector of seafarers (Guanyin as sea goddess), of mothers, of the dying. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated syllable or word formula with transformative effect; central in Indian traditions.\">Mantra<\/span>: <em>OM MA&#7751;I PADME H&#7770;M<\/em> (&#8220;Om, jewel in the lotus, hum&#8221;).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avalokiteshvara's appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Various manifestations:<\/p><p><strong>Indian:<\/strong> young man with lotus and vase, one hand in a gesture of protection (<em>varada-mudr&acirc;<\/em>).<\/p><p><strong>Tibetan (Chenrezig):<\/strong> four-armed, the main pair in the folded Mani gesture, the outer pair with lotus and mala chain. The thousand-armed form (Sahasrabhuja-avalokite&scaron;vara) with eleven heads.<\/p><p><strong>Chinese (Guanyin):<\/strong> female figure in flowing white robes, frequently with a vase and willow branch. In the sea aspect riding on a dragon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Function<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of influence:<\/strong> Avalokiteshvara is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> in distress of every kind, illness, shipwreck, imprisonment. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated syllable or word formula with transformative effect; central in Indian traditions.\">mantra<\/span> recitation of OM MA&#7751;I PADME H&#7770;M is the most spoken Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated syllable or word formula with transformative effect; central in Indian traditions.\">mantra<\/span> in the world.<\/p><p>Tibetan Mani stones (stones bearing the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span>) line pilgrimage routes. In China Guanyin is venerated almost universally at the Chinese household <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An elevated place or table for offerings and religious acts.\" tabindex=\"0\">altar<\/span>, even by non-Buddhists as a bringer of good fortune.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Means of protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lotus (the principal attribute), vase with nectar (Amrita), mala prayer chain, the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> OM MA&#7751;I PADME H&#7770;M, white robe (Guanyin), deer (Tibet), a thousand eyes (in a thousand hands, the Sahasrabhuja form), eleven heads (the Sahasrabhuja form), dragon (Guanyin as sea goddess), bamboo flute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparable figures<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Guanyin<\/em> (China, female form), <em>Kannon<\/em> (Japan), <em>Quan Am<\/em> (Vietnam), <em>Gwaneum<\/em> (Korea), <em>Chenrezig<\/em> (Tibetan). Functionally: <em>Mary<\/em> (Christianity, Mater Misericordiae, compassionate mother), <em>Tara<\/em> (Buddhism, female <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of compassion, often described as a tear of Avalokiteshvara), <em>Lakshmi<\/em> and <em>Sarasvati<\/em> (Hinduism, aspects of loving protection).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective practice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Rituals of veneration<\/h3><p>Avalokiteshvara is one of the most venerated bodhisattvas, with daily meditation before statues or altars. Chapter 25 of the Lotus Sutra is devoted to this <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span>. A popular practice: reciting Om Mani Padme Hum 108 or 1000 times with a mala.<\/p><p>In Japan (Kannon) and China (Guanyin) national pilgrimage sites such as Koyasan and Mount Putuo are centers of veneration. Tibetan goenpa rituals: visualizing Avalokiteshvara in the highest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"An energy node in the subtle body according to Indian tradition; classical tantra recognizes seven main chakras along the spine.\">chakra<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Invocations and appeals<\/h3><p>The universal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> &#8220;Om Mani Padme Hum&#8221; (&#8220;The jewel in the lotus&#8221;) is the core <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> of compassion. The dharani text of the Avalokiteshvara <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> is used in chanting rituals.<\/p><p>Tibetan: &#8220;Om Mani Padme Hum Hrih&#8221; with visualization of the six-armed Avalokiteshvara. Sanskrit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>: the Saddharma-Pundarika <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>; the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> is also attested in Tantrayana as &#8220;Om Lokeshvara Stri Maha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mantra<\/span>&#8220;.<\/p><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amulets<\/span> and protective symbols<\/h3><p>Kannon statues in Japanese household shrines and temples are the most common Avalokiteshvara <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, harm-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span>. Tibetan malas and Om Mani plaques of stone or brass. Prayer flags with <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> inscriptions for the Himalayan region.<\/p><p>Archaeological evidence: Avalokiteshvara reliefs at Bamiyan, the Ellora caves (India, 7th to 8th century), the Borobudur <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sculpted representation raised in relief from a flat surface.\" tabindex=\"0\">relief<\/span> (Indonesia, 8th century). Japanese ofuda (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object to which an effect of bringing about luck or success is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">talisman<\/span> papers) from Koyasan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avalokiteshvara, parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avalokiteshvara resembles the Mother of God (Mary) in Christianity; both are mother figures of compassion. With Isis of Egypt he shares the function of rescuing those who suffer.<\/p><p>In Western <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoteric<\/span> tradition Avalokiteshvara is often read as an archetype of divine compassion. The thousand arms symbolize universal readiness to help, an ideal image for modern spiritual seekers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3dc3b96 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3dc3b96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa77f290 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa77f290\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Bodhisattva of compassion: theological classification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8936201 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8936201\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc18eae6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc18eae6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avalokiteshvara is not a Buddha but a bodhisattva, a being who strives for Buddhahood yet postpones the final entry into nirvana in order to assist all suffering beings. In the Mahayana tradition he embodies <em>karuna<\/em>, great compassion, just as the bodhisattva <a href=\"\/en\/manjushri\/\">Manjushri<\/a> embodies wisdom.<\/p><p>The Sanskrit name is interpreted in various ways. One widespread explanation understands it as &#8220;the lord who looks down&#8221; or &#8220;the one who perceives the sounds of the world&#8221;, that is, the bodhisattva who hears the cries of beings for help.<\/p><p>It is precisely this interpretation that is reflected in the East Asian name, to which a separate section is devoted.<\/p><p>A central text is the <em>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>, whose twenty-fifth chapter is devoted entirely to Avalokiteshvara.<\/p><p>It describes how the bodhisattva saves everyone who calls upon his name, whether in fire, water, before robbers or other dangers, and how he shows himself in whatever form is needed to instruct a being. This chapter is fundamental to the veneration of the bodhisattva.<\/p><p>In Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The conception of the structure and order of the world within a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmology<\/span> Avalokiteshvara is associated with the celestial Buddha <a href=\"\/en\/amitabha-buddha-of-the-pure-land\/\">Amitabha<\/a>, in whose Pure Land <em>Sukhavati<\/em> he acts as a helping companion. In depictions he therefore often bears a small image of Amitabha in his crown. This association closely links the bodhisattva of compassion with the widespread <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The lived religious attitude and practice of a person.\" tabindex=\"0\">piety<\/span> of the Pure Land.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe7e7913 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe7e7913\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp536e6b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp536e6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guanyin: the change of gender in East Asia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe39f03d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe39f03d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp590e584 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp590e584\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most remarkable developments in the history of religion is the transformation of Avalokiteshvara on his way to East Asia. In India and Tibet the bodhisattva is understood and depicted as male.<\/p><p>In China, by contrast, <em>Guanyin<\/em> developed from him, whose name means &#8220;she who perceives the sounds of the world&#8221; and who, from roughly the 10th to 12th century onward, has been predominantly depicted and venerated as female. In Japan the figure is called <em>Kannon<\/em>, in Korea <em>Gwaneum<\/em>, in Vietnam <em>Quan Am<\/em>.<\/p><p>Scholarship discusses the reasons for this change without settling on a single explanation. One factor was probably that the <em>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> expressly attributes to the bodhisattva the ability to assume any form, including female ones.<\/p><p>In addition there were native Chinese conceptions of motherly, helping deities and legends, such as that of Princess Miaoshan, which is told as an embodiment of Guanyin.<\/p><p>Guanyin thus became the most venerated figure of East Asian Buddhism. She is regarded as a helper in every distress, as protectress of seafarers, as a giver of children. In this last function there is the widespread depiction as <em>Songzi Guanyin<\/em>, &#8220;Guanyin who grants children&#8221;.<\/p><p>From the standpoint of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> the case is an instructive example of inculturation. A figure travels across linguistic and cultural boundaries and takes on traits of the receiving culture without losing its core function, compassion.<\/p><p>Soberly considered, the male and the female figure are, in terms of the history of religion, the same being, even though they look very different.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0627ea2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0627ea2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9d70361 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9d70361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A thousand arms and eleven heads: the iconography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp88f6e77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp88f6e77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp72cc044 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp72cc044\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avalokiteshvara is depicted in numerous forms, each carrying its own meanings. The simplest shows a standing or seated bodhisattva with two arms, often with a lotus blossom in the hand, which is why he is also called <em>Padmapani<\/em>, &#8220;the lotus bearer&#8221;.<\/p><p>Better known is the many-armed form, above all the figure with a thousand arms, <em>Sahasrabhuja<\/em>. In each palm there is an eye. The symbolism is clear: the thousand arms reach everywhere in order to help, the eyes in the hands see every distress.<\/p><p>To this belongs often the form with eleven heads, <em>Ekadashamukha<\/em>. A widespread <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An edifying narrative, usually about the lives of saints.\" tabindex=\"0\">legend<\/span> explains both: when Avalokiteshvara recognized the immeasurable extent of suffering, his head burst apart from pain; Amitabha assembled the pieces into many heads and gave him manifold arms so that he could help more effectively.<\/p><p>In the Tibetan tradition the bodhisattva is called <em>Chenrezig<\/em>. Associated with him is the most famous Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> of all, <em>Om mani padme hum<\/em>, which in Tibet is carved into stones, turned in prayer wheels and recited countless times. The Dalai Lamas are regarded in the Tibetan tradition as emanations of Chenrezig.<\/p><p>The material culture is correspondingly rich: statues of bronze, stone and wood, wall paintings, scroll paintings, prayer flags. The various forms are not arbitrary variants but a precise visual vocabulary, in which each number of arms, heads and attributes makes a particular statement about the helping activity of the bodhisattva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/manjushri\/\">Manjushri, Bodhisattva of wisdom<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/buddhism\/\">Buddhism, pantheon overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/high-deities\/\">High deities, sub-category<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, class overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Studholme, Alexander: <em>The Origins of Om Manipadme Hum<\/em>. Albany 2002.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Yu, Chun-fang: <em>Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokitesvara<\/em>. New York 2001.<\/span><\/li><li>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> (ch. 25, numerous translations).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (entry &#8220;Avalokitesvara&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fd8e04 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2fd8e04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c711035 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c711035\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently asked questions about Avalokiteshvara<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who is Avalokiteshvara in Buddhism?<\/h3><p>Avalokiteshvara (Sanskrit, roughly &#8220;the lord who looks down&#8221;) is the bodhisattva of infinite compassion and one of the central bodhisattvas of Mahayana Buddhism. A bodhisattva is a being who could attain Buddhahood but voluntarily remains in the cycle of rebirths in order to help all suffering beings.<\/p><p>Avalokiteshvara hears the cries of the world for help and appears in countless forms. In Tibet he is called Chenrezig and is regarded as the patron of the country; the Dalai Lama is considered his human embodiment.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Why is Avalokiteshvara depicted as female in East Asia, as Guanyin?<\/h3><p>In India and Tibet Avalokiteshvara is depicted as male. With the spread of Buddhism to China the bodhisattva merged with native conceptions of female deities and changed, from about the 10th century onward, into the female Guanyin (Japanese Kannon, Korean Gwaneum).<\/p><p>Guanyin became the most popular <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of East Asia, especially as protectress of mothers, seafarers and children. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> Om mani padme hum is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">dedicated<\/span> to Avalokiteshvara and is among the most frequently recited formulas of all Buddhism.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who is Avalokiteshvara in Buddhism?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Avalokiteshvara (Sanskrit, roughly the lord who looks down) is the bodhisattva of infinite compassion and one of the central bodhisattvas of Mahayana Buddhism. A bodhisattva is a being who could attain Buddhahood but voluntarily remains in the cycle of rebirths in order to help all suffering beings. Avalokiteshvara hears the cries of the world for help and appears in countless forms. In Tibet he is called Chenrezig and is regarded as the patron of the country; the Dalai Lama is considered his human embodiment.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why is Avalokiteshvara depicted as female in East Asia, as Guanyin?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In India and Tibet Avalokiteshvara is depicted as male. With the spread of Buddhism to China the bodhisattva merged with native conceptions of female deities and changed, from about the 10th century onward, into the female Guanyin (Japanese Kannon, Korean Gwaneum). Guanyin became the most popular <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">deity<\/span> of East Asia, especially as protectress of mothers, seafarers and children. The <span class=\\\"iwg-fachbegriff\\\" data-tooltip=\\\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\">mantra<\/span> Om mani padme hum is dedicated to Avalokiteshvara and is among the most frequently recited formulas of all Buddhism.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avalokiteshvara, god of the Buddhist tradition Avalokiteshvara is a god of the Buddhist tradition. The Bodhisattva of compassion, embodied a thousandfold for the salvation of all beings. Avalokiteshvara is arguably the best known Bodhisattva of Mahayana Buddhism, so popular that he is almost regarded as a god. His name means &#8220;the one who hears the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5395,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Avalokiteshvara","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Avalokiteshvara, Bodhisattva of Compassion","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Avalokiteshvara, Bodhisattva of compassion. Guanyin and Kannon forms, Om Mani Padme Hum","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91,111,79,86],"class_list":["post-5394","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-being-of-light","category-buddhism","category-cultures","category-gods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Avalokiteshvara, Bodhisattva of Compassion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Avalokiteshvara, Bodhisattva of compassion. 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