{"id":5388,"date":"2026-04-27T10:37:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/samantabhadra\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:33:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:33:43","slug":"samantabhadra","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/samantabhadra\/","title":{"rendered":"Samantabhadra"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5388\" class=\"elementor elementor-5388 elementor-2123 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samantabhadra, a god of the Buddhist tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samantabhadra is a god of the Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their own liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> of universal virtue, mounted on the golden elephant.<\/strong> Samantabhadra is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their own liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> of virtue and of practical action, not wisdom like Manjushri, not compassion like Avalokiteshvara, but the perfection of all good deeds.<\/p><p>Riding a huge white or golden elephant with six or eight tusks, Samantabhadra symbolizes commitment to the welfare of all beings. In the *Avatamsaka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>* his name becomes a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritually repeated syllable or word formula with transformative effect; central in Indian traditions, adapted in the West as decree practice.\">Mantra<\/span> of universal virtue. A lesser-known yet profound force, the &#8220;yes&#8221; to enlightenment through good action.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ goddess: personified supreme power within the pantheon of a culture, with clear domains, forces of nature, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/buddhism\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Buddhist tradition with bodhisattvas, protective deities, hungry ghosts and guardians of hell.\">Buddhism<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_samantabhadra-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5389\" alt=\"Samantabhadra - gods from the Buddhist tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_samantabhadra-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_samantabhadra-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_samantabhadra-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_samantabhadra.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samantabhadra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a glance: Samantabhadra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Great vehicle'; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal and elaborate philosophical reflection.\">Mahayana<\/span> Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span>, embodiment of Buddhist practice and of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn religious promise made to a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">vows<\/span><br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Great vehicle'; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal and elaborate philosophical reflection.\">Mahayana<\/span> and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Diamond vehicle'; tantric form of Mahayana Buddhism, primarily in Tibet, centered on yidam practice and mantra technique.\">Vajrayana<\/span> Buddhism<br>Function: practice and action (as opposed to Manjushri&#8217;s wisdom), the spread of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism, duty and cosmic order; in Buddhism, the teaching of the Buddha.\">Dharma<\/span>, protector of those who carry the Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><br>Main attributes: white elephant with six tusks as mount, lotus blossom, wish-fulfilling jewel<br>Main <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> sites: Mt. Emei (Sichuan, one of the four <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> mountains of Chinese Buddhism), Tsurphu (Tibet)<br>Tibetan identification: <em>Kuntuzangpo<\/em> (Adi-Buddha in the Nyingma system)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the texts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samantabhadra is attested from the early Mahayana sutras (1st to 2nd century CE), appearing in the <em>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> (chapter 28) as protector of those who follow the Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>. The main flourishing of the veneration of Samantabhadra was in Chinese Buddhism, centered on Mt. Emei (from the Tang dynasty, 7th to 10th century).<\/p><p>In the Tibetan Nyingma tradition, <em>Kuntuzangpo<\/em> is the cosmic form of Samantabhadra, the <em>Adi-Buddha<\/em>, the primordial Buddha from whom all others arise. This is a central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> position that distinguishes the Nyingma from Gelug Buddhism.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of distribution<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Main cult sites: <strong>Mt. Emei<\/strong> (Sichuan, China, one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains of China, with the gigantic Samantabhadra statue on the Golden Summit), <strong>Tsurphu Monastery<\/strong> (Tibet, seat of the Karmapa reincarnation, connected in the Nyingma context with Samantabhadra\/Kuntuzangpo), <strong>Mindrolling<\/strong> and <strong>Dorje Drak<\/strong> (Tibet, principal Nyingma monasteries).<\/p><p>In Japan venerated as <em>Fugen Bosatsu<\/em> in many <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span>; in Korea as <em>Bohyeon Bosal<\/em>. Internationally present in every Mahayana Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> with a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> tradition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source situation<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Central sources: <em>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> (ch. 28, Samantabhadra&#8217;s ten great vows), <em>Avata\u1e43saka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em> (Hua-yan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>, with the famous <em>Bhadracar\u012b-pra\u1e47idh\u0101na<\/em>, the ten vows of practice of Samantabhadra in the concluding chapter), <em>Samantabhadra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spiritual practice of exercise in Hinduism and Buddhism with mantra, visualization and rite.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sadhana<\/span><\/em> texts.<\/p><p>Tibetan: <em>K\u00f6nchog Chidu<\/em> (Nyingma practice collection), <em>Kunzang Lama&#8217;i Sh\u00e4lung<\/em>. Secondary literature: Williams, <em>Mahayana Buddhism<\/em>; Cleary, <em>The Flower <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A decorative, often repeated patterned element.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ornament<\/span> Scripture<\/em>; Lopez, <em>Religions of Tibet in Practice<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samantabhadra is depicted as a beautiful, youthful <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span>, often clothed in green or gold, on a huge elephant with radiant white or golden hide. The elephant frequently has six or eight long tusks.<\/p><p>Samantabhadra sits in a royal posture, often with the hands in a gesture of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The verbal turning of a person toward a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">prayer<\/span> or <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A ritual gesture made with the hands that embodies particular forms of energy in tantric and Buddhist practices.\">Mudra<\/span>. The elephant is not wild, but gentle and dignified, strength under control, virtue in action.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samantabhadra is the commitment to practice. His most famous vows from the Avatamsaka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> are the &#8220;Ten great vows of Samantabhadra,&#8221; in which the practitioner promises not merely to seek enlightenment for themselves, but to save <em>all<\/em> beings.<\/p><p>These vows are recited daily by millions of Buddhists. Samantabhadra is therefore not a distant god, but an inner principle, the commitment to virtuous action for all.<\/p><p><strong>Appearance and symbolism<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Samantabhadra<\/em> is depicted as a white or golden <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span>, often in a meditative posture. His most characteristic attribute is the white elephant with six tusks, a mount of enormous strength and gentleness at once. He wears a monastic robe and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones their liberation for the sake of teaching other beings.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> ornaments.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Samantabhadra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Samantabhadra at a glance. The following fields summarize origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols and cultural parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradition<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samantabhadra (&#8220;the all-beneficial one&#8221;) arises in the early Mahayana sutras as the embodiment of Buddhist practice. Together with <em>Manjushri<\/em> (wisdom) and <em>Avalokiteshvara<\/em> (compassion) he forms the triad of the central bodhisattvas.<\/p><p>In the Tibetan Nyingma tradition, as <em>Kuntuzangpo<\/em>, he is the cosmic Adi-Buddha form: uncreated, depicted in naked union with his consort <em>Samantabhadri<\/em>, both radiant blue, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of the primordial unity of method and wisdom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Object of effect<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Embodiment of Buddhist <em>practice<\/em> (carya) as opposed to Manjushri&#8217;s pure wisdom. The <em>Ten great vows of Samantabhadra<\/em> from the Avata\u1e43saka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> are a central liturgical text of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Great vehicle; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal.\">Mahayana<\/span> tradition, recited daily in many <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Great vehicle; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal.\">Mahayana<\/span> temples.<\/p><p>In the Tibetan tradition, as Kuntuzangpo, he is the highest, uncreated Buddha-nature from which all other Buddhas and bodhisattvas arise. Patron of spiritual discipline in practice and of the study of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samantabhadra's appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">classical<\/span> Indian Mahayana form: a young bodhisattva with golden skin color, in lotus posture, with a <em>white elephant with six tusks<\/em> as mount (the most famous Samantabhadra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>, the six tusks representing the six paramitas).<\/p><p>He wears a crown, a precious robe, and holds in his hands a lotus blossom or a wish-fulfilling jewel. In the Tibetan Nyingma tradition, as <strong>Kuntuzangpo<\/strong>: a naked, radiant-blue Buddha form in union with his equally blue consort Samantabhadri (Yab-Yum), no crown, no jewelry, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of primordiality.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activity<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Area of effect:<\/strong> Samantabhadra is venerated in every <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Great vehicle; one of the three main traditions of Buddhism, with the bodhisattva ideal.\">Mahayana<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span>, often together with Manjushri and Avalokiteshvara as a bodhisattva triad. Daily recitation of the <em>Ten great vows<\/em> takes place in many Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese monasteries.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Mt. Emei in Sichuan is one of the most important Chinese Buddhist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religiously motivated journey to a sacred site.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrimage<\/span> destinations; on the Golden Summit stands the monumental 48-meter Samantabhadra statue (completed in 2006). In Tibetan Nyingma practice, Kuntuzangpo is the principal meditation <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of the Dzogchen tradition: Atiyoga practitioners meditate on identification with Kuntuzangpo as the original Buddha-nature of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which effects in the world are attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mind<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samantabhadra's defense<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>White elephant with six tusks (main attribute), lotus blossom, wish-fulfilling jewel (Cintamani), crown, bodhisattva robe. In the Tibetan Kuntuzangpo form: Yab-Yum union with Samantabhadri, blue skin color, nakedness (a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of being uncreated). Sacred plants: lotus. Sacred animals: white elephant. Sacred numbers: 6 (tusks of the elephant = six paramitas), 10 (ten vows).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related beings<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Manjushri<\/em> (Buddhism, bodhisattva of wisdom, triad partner), <em>Avalokiteshvara<\/em> (Buddhism, bodhisattva of compassion, triad partner), <em>Vajrapani<\/em> (Buddhism, bodhisattva of power), <em>Adi-Buddha<\/em> concepts of various traditions (Vairocana, Vajradhara, Kuntuzangpo).<\/p><p>Functionally, Samantabhadra\/Kuntuzangpo is unique among the world religions: an Adi-Buddha as uncreated Buddha-nature is a specifically Tibetan Nyingma tradition. In a broader comparison: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism the absolute, formless, attributeless being; reflected in the Upanishads as the ground of all appearances.\" tabindex=\"0\">Brahman<\/span><\/em> (Hinduism, uncreated reality), <em>Ayn Sof<\/em> (Jewish <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defense in everyday life<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituals of defense<\/strong><\/p><p>A further article with additional sources is being prepared and will appear here shortly.<\/p><p><strong>Invocations<\/strong><\/p><p>This section will be expanded with further material from the history of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amulets<\/span> and protective symbols<\/strong><\/p><p>Since Samantabhadra is regarded in the Mahayana as a benevolent bodhisattva of practice, the tradition knows no defense against him but rather a practice with him. The Avatamsaka Sutra centers on his ten great vows, which encompass veneration, confession, and the dedication of merit and are recited in East Asian monasteries to this day. Whoever calls upon him seeks to steady his own conduct, not protection from a threatening power.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cult<\/span> and veneration<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Samantabhadra<\/em> is intensively venerated in Tibetan Buddhism, with particular significance in Dzogchen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious-ritual tradition in Hinduism and Buddhism with a doctrine of energy polarities.\" tabindex=\"0\">tantra<\/span>. In Chinese Buddhism he is venerated at the mountain <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> on Mount Emei. Prayers focus on the purification of karmic obstacles through correct action.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samantabhadra, parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samantabhadra resembles the Mars or Ares of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiquity<\/span>, both being active forces, yet while these are warlike, Samantabhadra is peaceful and ethical.<\/p><p>With the Saturn of classical astrology he shares the theme of &#8220;seriousness and commitment.&#8221; In the Western <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoteric<\/span> tradition, Samantabhadra could be compared with the &#8220;Magus&#8221; card of the Tarot, the one who translates will into action. The elephant <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> is universal for strength, gentleness and longevity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3fc7c01 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3fc7c01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8fc1da1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8fc1da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The ten great vows of Samantabhadra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpff120c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpff120c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c442c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8c442c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In East Asian Mahayana Buddhism, Samantabhadra, Chinese Puxian, Japanese Fugen, is known above all through a single, highly influential text: the ten great <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn religious promise made to a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">vows<\/span>. They form the conclusion of the <em>Gandavyuha <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>, which in the Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The collection of the sacred scriptures of a religion recognized as binding.\" tabindex=\"0\">canon<\/span> constitutes the final part of the extensive <em>Avatamsaka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>, the Flower Garland <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>.<\/p><p>In this concluding section, Samantabhadra instructs the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A person who undertakes a religiously motivated journey to a sacred place.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrim<\/span> Sudhana and sets out the practice that constitutes a bodhisattva.<\/p><p>The ten <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn religious promise made to a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">vows<\/span> include, among others, venerating all Buddhas, praising them, presenting <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span> to them, repenting one&#8217;s own transgressions, rejoicing in the merits of others, asking the Buddhas to expound the teaching, asking them to remain in the world, always following the teaching, constantly adapting oneself to the welfare of all living beings, and finally transferring all acquired merit to the awakening of all beings.<\/p><p>Decisive is the reach of these <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn religious promise made to a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">vows<\/span>. They are not limited to a single lifespan or a single realm of the world, but are understood as boundless, extending across countless worlds and ages. Samantabhadra thus embodies the principle of unlimited, tireless beneficial action.<\/p><p>The section with the ten vows is recited in East Asian monasteries to this day and is among the most widely read Mahayana texts of all.<\/p><p>It is a central testimony to the fact that Samantabhadra is understood not primarily as a figure of veneration, but as the epitome of an attitude in practice: the bodhisattva is less a person whom one encounters than a model of action that one follows.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp38d1939 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp38d1939\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp747a96b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp747a96b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iconography: the white elephant with six tusks<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp08a7112 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp08a7112\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf97c790 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf97c790\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the visual arts, Samantabhadra is marked by a clearly recognizable attribute: he rides a white elephant which, in the elaborated form, bears six tusks.<\/p><p>This mount distinguishes him from Manjushri, who appears on a lion, and together with Manjushri he forms the classical pair of the two attendant bodhisattvas of the Buddha Shakyamuni in the East Asian triad.<\/p><p>The six tusks are interpreted in the tradition. A widespread explanation links them with the overcoming of the six sense fields or with the six perfections, the <em>paramitas<\/em>, which a bodhisattva practices: generosity, ethical conduct, patience, energy, concentration and wisdom.<\/p><p>The white elephant itself is regarded as an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A vivid image that stands for an abstract idea.\" tabindex=\"0\">emblem<\/span> of strength that is applied carefully and without haste, an image of patient, steady practice.<\/p><p>In Japan, a particular pictorial type acquired great significance: Fugen as protector of those who recite the <em>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>. From the Heian period, outstanding hanging scrolls survive that show the bodhisattva sitting calmly on the elephant, with hands folded in prayer. Such images were venerated in the practice of sutra study.<\/p><p>A distinct form is Fugen Enmei, Samantabhadra as the prolonger of life, who was <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> in certain esoteric rituals and is at times depicted with multiple arms. This variant shows how a bodhisattva in the esoteric tradition could be connected with concrete <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> concerns without losing his core character.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1de9267 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1de9267\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3b58245 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3b58245\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samantabhadra as the primordial Buddha in the Nyingma tradition<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9b7f711 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9b7f711\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf305973 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf305973\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Tibetan Buddhism, especially in the oldest school, the Nyingma, Samantabhadra, Tibetan Kuntu Sangpo, holds a significance that goes far beyond that of a bodhisattva. Here he is regarded as the <em>Adibuddha<\/em>, the primordial Buddha, the beginningless principle of enlightenment itself.<\/p><p>In this conception, Samantabhadra is not one figure among others, but the expression of the <em>Dharmakaya<\/em>, the truth body, the original, pure nature of the mind that has never been obscured.<\/p><p>In the art of this tradition he is mostly depicted naked and without ornament, of a deep blue color, which is meant to suggest the unconditioned, attributeless nature of the Dharmakaya. He frequently appears in union with his white companion Samantabhadri; this pair symbolizes the inseparability of emptiness and clarity, of space and awareness.<\/p><p>In the teachings of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection, Samantabhadra is regarded as the starting point of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">transmission<\/span> lineage. Enlightenment is understood here not as something to be produced, but as that which is given from the very beginning and which only needs to be recognized again; Samantabhadra is the image of this original state.<\/p><p>It is important to see that this is an independent interpretation that differs clearly from the East Asian conception of the practice-oriented bodhisattva. The name is the same, the religious function a different one.<\/p><p>Scholarship on the religious history of Tibet treats both traditions separately and warns against equating the East Asian and the Tibetan conceptions of Samantabhadra without examination.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/manjushri\/\">Manjushri, the wisdom bodhisattva partner<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/avalokiteshvara\/\">Avalokiteshvara, the compassion bodhisattva partner<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/vajrapani\/\">Vajrapani, the power bodhisattva<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/mahakala\/\">Mahakala, related protective Buddha (if a page exists)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/buddhism\/\">Buddhism, pantheon overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/high-deities\/\">High deities, subcategory<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, class overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Cleary, Thomas: <em>The Flower <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A decorative, often repeated patterned element.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ornament<\/span> Scripture. A Translation of the Avatamsaka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>. Boston 1993.<\/span><\/li><li>Lotus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>, chapter 28 (numerous translations).<\/li><li>Patrul Rinpoche: <em>Kunzang Lama&#8217;i Sh\u00e4lung<\/em> (Eng. <em>The Words of My Perfect Teacher<\/em>).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (entry &#8220;Samantabhadra&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca081fd e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ca081fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2244220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2244220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently asked questions about Samantabhadra<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who is Samantabhadra in Buddhism?<\/h3><p>Samantabhadra (Sanskrit, the perfectly good one, Tibetan Kuntu Zangpo) is the bodhisattva of Buddhist practice and of active conduct. While Manjushri stands for wisdom and Avalokiteshvara for compassion, Samantabhadra embodies the translation of the teaching into action.<\/p><p>He is frequently depicted on a white elephant with six tusks. In the Avatamsaka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In Hinduism and Buddhism, a teaching text in concise form.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> he pronounces the famous ten great <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn religious promise made to a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">vows<\/span>, which are regarded as a guide to bodhisattva practice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>What does Samantabhadra mean in Tibetan Dzogchen?<\/h3><p>In Dzogchen, the highest teaching of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, Samantabhadra holds a special position: there Kuntu Zangpo is not merely a bodhisattva, but the primordial Buddha (Adibuddha), the original, beginningless embodiment of the enlightened mind itself.<\/p><p>He is depicted naked and in a deep blue color, often in union with his female counterpart Samantabhadri. This depiction symbolizes the unveiled natural state of the mind, free of concepts, prior to all duality.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who is Samantabhadra in Buddhism?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Samantabhadra (Sanskrit, the perfectly good one, Tibetan Kuntu Zangpo) is the bodhisattva of Buddhist practice and of active conduct. While Manjushri stands for wisdom and Avalokiteshvara for compassion, Samantabhadra embodies the translation of the teaching into action. He is frequently depicted on a white elephant with six tusks. 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