{"id":5370,"date":"2026-04-27T10:37:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:37:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/chang-e\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:33:21","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:33:21","slug":"chang-e","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/chang-e\/","title":{"rendered":"Chang-e"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5370\" class=\"elementor elementor-5370 elementor-2111 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chang-e, goddess of the Chinese tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chang-e is a goddess of the Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Goddess of the moon, immortal recluse, the moon-hare tale.<\/strong> Chang-e is one of the oldest names in Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of a culture's transmitted divine narratives.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>: the moon goddess, keeper of the elixir of immortality, condemned to solitude on the moon. The legendary version: she was the wife of the archer Yi, who shot down the ten suns and became immortal.<\/p><p>Yet instead of sharing immortality, the Jade Rabbit of Yi (or hare) took the elixir and flew to the moon, where she has lived ever since, lonely, young and radiant in the lunar distance.<\/p><p>In the underlying moon <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> there is a jade rabbit or moon hare that lives with her and pounds the elixir, the reason the moon has craters.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ goddess: a personified supreme power in the pantheon of a culture, with clear responsibilities such as natural forces, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices and temple institutions.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/china\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Chinese religion of gods, spirits and folk practice, Daoist, Buddhist and Confucian.\">China<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_chang-e-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5371\" alt=\"Chang-e - gods from the Chinese tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_chang-e-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_chang-e-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_chang-e-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_chang-e.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chang-e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a glance: Chang-e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Chinese principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, moon goddess and heroine of immortality<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chinese religious-philosophical tradition oriented toward the Dao, the Way.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoism<\/span>, Chinese folk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span><br>Function: moon, immortality, love and separation, Moon Festival<br>Main attributes: lunar disc, hare (Yutu, the Jade Hare), pill of immortality<br>Main <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> sites: Moon Festival celebrations in every Chinese household, Moon <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or several deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">Temple<\/span> in Beijing<br>Consort: Hou Yi (the archer who shot down nine suns)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the texts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chang-e (Chinese <em>Ch\u00e1ng&rsquo;\u00e9<\/em>) has been attested in literature since the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korean concept of deep-seated, accumulated grief and unresolved injustice; classically drives the Cheonyeo-gwishin motif.\">Han<\/span> dynasty (2nd century BCE onward).<\/p><p>Main myth: her consort Hou Yi receives the pill of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West; Chang-e swallows it secretly (in some versions out of fear of a thief, in others out of willfulness), floats up to the moon and becomes the moon goddess there.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>She lives alone in the Moon Palace with the Jade Hare (Yutu), who pounds the pill of immortality. The principal flowering of her folk tradition: Tang to Qing dynasty. Today she is known worldwide through the Chinese Moon Festival (Zhongqiu Jie); in 2007 the first Chinese lunar probe was named after her (Chang&rsquo;e-1).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of distribution<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chang-e has no special <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or several deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span>, but she is present in every Chinese household during the Moon Festival. <strong>Moon <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or several deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">Temple<\/span><\/strong> (<em>Yu\u00e8 T\u00e1n<\/em>) in Beijing: one of the four imperial sacrificial temples, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">consecrated<\/span> to the moon (today a park).<\/p><p>In Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Korea and Japan her Moon Festival is celebrated internationally. In the modern Chinese spaceflight tradition she is central, the Chinese lunar programme bears her name.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source situation<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Central sources: <em>Huainanzi<\/em> (2nd century BCE, one of the oldest versions of the Chang-e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>), <em>Shanhaijing<\/em> (Classic of Mountains and Seas), Tang poetry (Li Bai, Li Shangyin), Yuan and Ming narratives.<\/p><p>Secondary literature: Werner, <em>Myths and Legends of China<\/em>; Kohn, <em>Daoism Handbook<\/em>; Birrell, <em>Chinese Mythology. An Introduction<\/em>; Yang\/An, <em>Handbook of Chinese Mythology<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chang-e is depicted as a wondrously beautiful maiden in white or silver silk robes, surrounded by moonlight. Her face is sorrowfully beautiful, neither wrathful like Raijin nor delicate like Guanyin, but melancholy and even-featured. She is often shown with a moon mirror or with the moon itself behind her.<\/p><p>Beside her is the Jade Rabbit (<em>yutu<\/em>), a sweet white creature with long ears that pounds the elixir of immortality in a mortar. Sometimes Chang-e is shown gazing down from the moon to the earth with a nostalgic look.<\/p><p>The white colours are central: the moon is white, the silk is white, the rabbit is white. Artistically Chang-e is often romanticised, not <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the sacred or the religious sphere, in contrast to the profane.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> like Yuhuang or wild like Zhong Kui, but poetic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chang-e is not an administrator like Yanluo or Yuhuang, but a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>, the goddess of longing, of solitude, of immortal beauty. She is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> less for practical aid than for sympathy; poets and lovers invoke her.<\/p><p>The Moon Festival (the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month) is China&#8217;s festival comparable to Thanksgiving, at which Chang-e is venerated. Families gather, eat mooncakes (<em>yuebings<\/em>, sweet cakes with an egg-yolk moon <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>), and contemplate the moon.<\/p><p>The act is less religious than nostalgic and sentimental: Chang-e on the moon, lonely like people who are far from family. Unlike other deities (who are prayed to for <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The assurance of salvation and protection, often in fixed linguistic form.\" tabindex=\"0\">blessing<\/span>), people pray to Chang-e for understanding of longing.<\/p><p>In modern times Chang-e is a cultural icon: the Chinese lunar probe was called <em>Chang-e<\/em>, and design firms use her name. She is primarily literary and emotional, not religiously functional.<\/p><h3>Appearance and symbolism<\/h3><p><em>Chang-e<\/em> is depicted as a beautiful woman with pale skin, often dressed in a white or silver robe. She is shown on the moon with a rabbit (or a toad, depending on the version). Sometimes she holds a moon comb or a moon mirror. Her colour is silver or white, the colours of the moon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Chang-e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Chang-e at a glance. The following fields summarise origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols and cultural parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradition<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chang-e is the consort of the heroic archer <em>Hou Yi<\/em>, who shot down nine of the ten suns that were scorching the land. As a reward, Hou Yi receives the <em>pill of immortality<\/em> from the Queen Mother of the West (Xiwangmu).<\/p><p>Chang-e swallows the pill secretly (the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> versions vary in the motivation: fear of a thief, willfulness, an attempt by both lovers at immortality); she floats up to the moon and cannot return.<\/p><p>Since then she has lived alone in the Moon Palace (<em>Yu\u00e8 G\u00f4ng<\/em>), accompanied by the Jade Hare Yutu and, in one tradition, by the woodcutter Wu Gang (cursed to fell a moon tree that grows back each time).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Associated with<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Moon goddess and patroness of lunar lovers. She is centrally invoked at the Moon Festival (Zhongqiu Jie, the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese calendar, September\/October); families gather, eat mooncakes (Yuebing) and pray to the moon.<\/p><p>In traditional love poetry she is a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of love in separation (Chang-e and Hou Yi never see each other again). Patron of women&#8217;s longing. In modern Chinese spaceflight a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands representatively for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolic<\/span> banner.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A beautiful young woman in a flowing light-blue or white court robe, with long black hair and a melancholy expression. Frequently floating up to the moon among clouds, or enthroned in the Moon Palace.<\/p><p>Accompanied by the <em>Jade Hare<\/em> (Yutu), who pounds the pill of immortality. In some depictions with the moon tree or the woodcutter Wu Gang in the background. A favoured subject of traditional Chinese painting in Moon Festival imagery.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chang-e's effect<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of effect:<\/strong> Chang-e is universally venerated at the Moon Festival, one of the greatest Chinese folk festivals. Families eat mooncakes, pray to the moon and hang up lanterns. In personal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious ideas and customs that are widespread in everyday life.\" tabindex=\"0\">folk belief<\/span> she is the patroness of separated lovers, with <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> in times of love-distress.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>In modern China she is a central figure of identification (also as a feminist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>, a woman who ascended to the moon alone). The Chinese lunar probe Chang&rsquo;e-1 (2007), Chang&rsquo;e-3 (lunar lander 2013) and Chang&rsquo;e-4 (far-side lunar lander 2019) bear her name.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lunar disc, Jade Hare (Yutu), pill of immortality, Moon Palace, moon tree, light-blue court robe. Sacred plants: moon tree (mythical), cassia tree. Sacred animals: Jade Hare, toad (in some versions). Sacred food: mooncakes (Yuebing).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related beings<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Selene<\/em> (Greece, female moon goddess), <em>Luna<\/em> (Rome), <em>Artemis<\/em> (Greece, lunar aspect later), <em>Tsukuyomi<\/em> (Japan, moon god, male, unlike Chang-e), <em>Chandra<\/em> (Hinduism, male), <em>Khons<\/em> (Egypt, male).<\/p><p>The Chinese tradition reflects a remarkable diversity in the gender of moon deities worldwide. Chang-e is one of the few female moon goddesses of East Asia (Japan and the Hindu world have male moon gods).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practical defence<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Invocations<\/strong><\/p><p>A further article with additional sources is being prepared here.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amulets<\/span> and protective symbols<\/strong><\/p><p>Chang-e, the goddess carried away to the moon, is closely linked with the Moon Festival, at which round mooncakes symbolise completeness and family unity. Moon-shaped pendants and jade jewellery were traditionally worn as signs of purity and constancy; jade was regarded in China as a life-preserving stone.<\/p><p>The Jade Hare, Chang-e&#8217;s companion who pounds the elixir, appears on amulets and New Year pictures as a sign of good fortune and fertility.<\/p><p>Since Chang-e is connected with the elixir of immortality, her figure also stood for the longing for long life, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> that continues to resonate in folk jewellery and pictorial art to this day.<\/p><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or holy figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cult<\/span> and veneration<\/h3><p><em>Chang-e<\/em> is the goddess of the Moon Festival (Zhongqiu Jie), one of the most important Chinese festivals. Women venerate her especially for fertility and family. Incense sticks and sweet mooncakes are brought to her as an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A gift to a deity to express thanks, petition or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offering<\/span>. The Moon Festival is a folk festival celebrated across Confucian and Daoist boundaries alike.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chang-e, parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chang-e resembles the Greek Selene (moon goddess), the Roman Luna, the Japanese Tsukuyomi (moon god) and the Babylonian Sin. Unlike Selene (primarily astronomical) or Tsukuyomi (cosmic and absent), Chang-e is emotional and narrative; her tragic story is central. With the European Lady of Shalott she shares isolation and melancholy beauty.<\/p><p>With the Hindu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of Soma (lunar nectar) she shares aspects of immortality. With Persephone (abducted by Hades) she shares spatial separation, but Chang-e herself chose flight.<\/p><p>Unique is the literary romanticisation: she became popular not through <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic acts with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or holy figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>, but through poems and stories. The moon hare is a sweet distinguishing feature; hardly any other moon goddess has an animal companion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1e1c3f6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1e1c3f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5a7b410 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5a7b410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The variants of the moon-flight myth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpad4c590 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpad4c590\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp44a55f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp44a55f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The tale of Chang-e, the woman who ascended to the moon, has been transmitted in several, in part strongly diverging versions.<\/p><p>Common to them all is the core: Chang-e takes an elixir of immortality and floats up to the moon, where she dwells from then on. In the details and in the moral interpretation, however, the versions diverge widely.<\/p><p>In an old version that resonates in early texts such as the <em>Huainanzi<\/em> from the second century BCE, Chang-e steals the elixir that her husband, the archer Hou Yi, had received, and flees with it to the moon.<\/p><p>Here she appears in a rather negative light, as the one who takes the common possession for herself alone. One version even reports that as punishment she was transformed into a toad on the moon, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> that explains the connection of the moon with the toad in early Chinese thought.<\/p><p>Later versions soften this image or reverse it. In one widespread version Chang-e takes the elixir in order to prevent a greedy disciple or intruder from stealing it from Hou Yi; her ascent is then a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A gift to a deity to express thanks, petition or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifice<\/span>, not a betrayal. In yet other tales the ascent happens unintentionally or as a tragic misunderstanding.<\/p><p>Scholarship sees in this diversity a long process of reinterpretation, in which an ambivalent or guilty figure gradually became a sympathetic, wistful one. Which version is the original cannot be said with certainty, but the negative variant is regarded as the older layer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc79f7fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc79f7fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a37477 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9a37477\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chang-e and the Moon Festival<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5fe30cc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5fe30cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a1ca77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9a1ca77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chang-e is inseparably bound up with one of the most important festivals of the Chinese calendar, the Moon Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival, which is held on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, when the full moon is considered especially round and bright.<\/p><p>On this evening families gather, contemplate the moon and eat the round mooncakes whose shape recalls the lunar disc.<\/p><p>Chang-e is regarded as the dweller of the moon, to which this festival pays special attention. In some regions <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span> were brought to her, above all by women who asked for beauty, for happiness in marriage or for offspring.<\/p><p>The connection of moon, femininity and fertility is old in the Chinese world of ideas and gives Chang-e, within the framework of the festival, a cultic function that goes beyond the mere narrative figure.<\/p><p>Connected with Chang-e are further lunar dwellers who belong to the fixed stock of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>: the Jade Hare, who pounds an elixir or healing herbs under a tree, and in some versions the woodcutter Wu Gang, who is condemned to fell a tree forever that always closes up again.<\/p><p>The Moon Festival makes these tales present anew each year. It is an example of how a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> is transmitted not only as text but kept alive through an annual <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted action repeated regularly within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span>. The combination of sky-watching, family gathering and storytelling secures Chang-e a firm place in lived <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/china\/\">Chinese culture<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3e79429 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3e79429\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp55c59c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp55c59c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iconography, poetry and the visual arts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f4f1f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3f4f1f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa4f889b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa4f889b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the visual arts Chang-e usually appears as a graceful woman in flowing robes, often floating, with fluttering ribbons, before the disc of the full moon. She is frequently accompanied by the Jade Hare.<\/p><p>This depiction developed over the centuries and is widespread on hanging scrolls, fans, porcelain and in woodcuts. The figure stands for a particular aesthetic idea: a cool, lonely beauty, distant and unattainable like the moon itself.<\/p><p>In <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">classical<\/span> Chinese poetry Chang-e is a recurring <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>. Poets of the Tang period, among them Li Shangyin, took up her figure to express solitude, regret and unquenchable longing.<\/p><p>In a famous poem it is said in substance that Chang-e must regret the long allure of her decision, now that she keeps watch night after night, alone, over the nocturnal sea and the empty sky.<\/p><p>Poetry thus shifted the emphasis from outward action to inner experience and made of Chang-e an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A vivid image that stands for an abstract idea.\" tabindex=\"0\">emblem<\/span> for the shadow side of a fulfilled wish.<\/p><p>This literary tradition shaped the image of Chang-e lastingly. From the thief of the early texts and the festival goddess of folk religion, learned culture made an elegiac figure whose immortality is at the same time her punishment.<\/p><p>The ambiguity that results from this is one reason for the enduring artistic appeal of the subject. Chang-e can be read as a figure of good fortune, as an admonition and as a tragic heroine, and Chinese art has drawn on all these readings at different times.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4a921c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4a921c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb7f745 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdb7f745\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chang-e in the present and in the name of spaceflight<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbba5764 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpbba5764\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp543c3a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp543c3a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The connection of Chang-e with the moon has given her an unusual topicality in the present. The Chinese lunar programme officially bears her name.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>The series of unmanned lunar probes launched since 2007 is called <em>Chang-e<\/em>, and the lunar rover of one of these missions was likewise named after the Jade Hare, the mythical companion of the moon&#8217;s dweller. Thus an old <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> has become the namesake of a highly technical research undertaking.<\/span><\/p><p>This choice of name is instructive for the history of religion. It shows that a mythological subject does not necessarily come into conflict with modern science, but can be carried forward as a cultural <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> supplies the images, and science fills them with new content. For a broad Chinese public the name links lunar research with a familiar tale and makes an abstract technical enterprise culturally accessible.<\/p><p>In present-day film, animation and literature, too, Chang-e is present, both in China and in the Chinese diaspora worldwide. Modern tales take up the ambiguity of the subject and interpret Chang-e, as needed, as a romantic heroine, as an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A vivid image that stands for an abstract idea.\" tabindex=\"0\">emblem<\/span> of separation from family, or as a figure torn between duty and her own wish.<\/p><p>From the standpoint of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> it remains to be noted that Chang-e is a rare example of how a figure has remained continuously alive, from the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> Chinese text through folk religion and classical poetry into the spaceflight and popular culture of the twenty-first century.<\/p><p>Anyone seeking related celestial and lunar figures will find further points of connection in the field of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/china\/\">Chinese mythology<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further links<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/mazu\/\">Mazu, a related Chinese folk goddess<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/tsukuyomi\/\">Tsukuyomi, the Japanese moon god (comparison)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/china\/\">China, pantheon overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, class overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Birrell, Anne: <em>Chinese Mythology. An Introduction<\/em>. Baltimore 1993.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kohn, Livia (ed.): <em>Daoism Handbook<\/em>. Leiden 2000.<\/span><\/li><li><em>Huainanzi<\/em> (numerous translations).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (entry &bdquo;Chang&rsquo;e&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0191275 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0191275\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a71d71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a71d71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently asked questions about Chang-e<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who is Chang-e in Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of a culture's transmitted divine narratives.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Chang-e is the goddess of the moon in Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of a culture's transmitted divine narratives.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>. The best-known <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> relates that her husband, the archer Houyi, received an elixir of immortality after he had shot nine of ten suns from the sky.<\/p><p>Chang-e took the elixir, for varying reasons according to the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>, and ascended to the moon, where she has dwelt ever since. There she is accompanied by a Jade Hare who pounds an elixir.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>How is Chang-e connected with the Chinese Moon Festival?<\/h3><p>Chang-e stands at the centre of the Moon Festival (Mid-Autumn Festival), one of the most important festivals of the Chinese calendar, celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.<\/p><p>On this evening, when the full moon shines brightest, families commemorate the moon goddess, eat round mooncakes and bring offerings. The round form of the moon and the mooncakes symbolises the reunion of the family. The Chinese lunar exploration programme was named in honour of the goddess Chang-e.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who is Chang-e in Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of a culture's transmitted divine narratives.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Chang-e is the goddess of the moon in Chinese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of a culture's transmitted divine narratives.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>. The best-known <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> relates that her husband, the archer Houyi, received an elixir of immortality after he had shot nine of ten suns from the sky. Chang-e took the elixir, for varying reasons according to the tradition, and ascended to the moon, where she has dwelt ever since. There she is accompanied by a Jade Hare who pounds an elixir.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How is Chang-e connected with the Chinese Moon Festival?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Chang-e stands at the centre of the Moon Festival (Mid-Autumn Festival), one of the most important festivals of the Chinese calendar, celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. On this evening, when the full moon shines brightest, families commemorate the moon goddess, eat round mooncakes and bring offerings. The round form of the moon and the mooncakes symbolises the reunion of the family. The Chinese lunar exploration programme was named in honour of the goddess Chang-e.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chang-e, goddess of the Chinese tradition Chang-e is a goddess of the Chinese tradition. Goddess of the moon, immortal recluse, the moon-hare tale. Chang-e is one of the oldest names in Chinese mythology: the moon goddess, keeper of the elixir of immortality, condemned to solitude on the moon. The legendary version: she was the wife [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5371,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Chang-e moon goddess","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Chang-e, China's Moon Goddess and Jade Rabbit","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Elixir of immortality, lunar solitude and the Jade Rabbit: the myth and the Moon Festival in Chinese culture.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[112,79,86],"class_list":["post-5370","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china","category-cultures","category-gods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chang-e, 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