{"id":5358,"date":"2026-04-27T10:36:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/marena\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:33:16","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:33:16","slug":"marena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/marena\/","title":{"rendered":"Marena"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5358\" class=\"elementor elementor-5358 elementor-2099 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena, Goddess of the Slavic Tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena (\u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430, also Morana or Marzanna) is the Slavic goddess of winter, death, and rebirth. She embodies the dark season and death as part of the natural cycle and is venerated in rituals that connect life and dying.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: Personified supreme power within the pantheon of a culture, with clear domains, forces of nature, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices, and temple institutions.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/slavic\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Slavic mythology and folk religion, overlaid by Christianity from the 10th century onward.\">Slavic<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/death-deities\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gods of the underworld and of death, rulers of the beyond, judges of the dead, guides of souls.\">Death Deity<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5359\" alt=\"Marena - gods from the Slavic tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena is portrayed as a dark, beautiful woman, often with symbols of winter (snow, ice, bare trees) and of death (bones, skulls, fire). Unlike evil <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demons<\/span>, Marena is a cosmic goddess who embodies necessary yet feared forces.<\/p><p>She rules over the winter months and is venerated as the cause of snow, frost, and crop ruin. Her counterpart is Vesna (goddess of spring). Marena is ambivalent: destructive, but also regenerative, for winter kills so that spring may awaken anew.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quick Overview: Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena is documented in ethnographic collections of Slavic folk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span> (Afanasyev, Rybnikov, S\u00e9chan), though less so in early written sources. The primary texts are <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmitted folk culture with its customs, narratives, and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> records of the 19th and 20th centuries and ethnographic studies.<\/p><p>Her distribution is pan-Slavic: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Serbia. Scholars of religion such as Nora Chadwick and Mathieu-Colas document Marena cults in seasonal rituals. The figure is reconstructed within modern neopaganism.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the Texts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The goddess of winter and death. Marena governs snow, ice, and cold. The written <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> reaches back several centuries, with older oral traditions beneath it. The Slavs preserved and passed on this entity over long periods, which points to its central religious significance.<\/p><p>The continuity is remarkable and shows deep cultural rootedness. Even in modern times the memory is alive, often transformed but recognizable in its basic features. The overall constellation shows stability and continuous significance across generations and centuries, which underscores the archetypal depth of this figure.<\/p><h3>Mythological Context<\/h3><p>Marena is a goddess of winter cold and dying in Slavic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted divine narratives of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>. She embodies the dark half of the year and the boundary zones between life and death. She is not an evil goddess but a necessary force within the cycle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of Distribution<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena was not confined to particular regions but was universally known and venerated throughout the Slavic world. Whether in urban centers or rural areas, among the elite or ordinary people, her spiritual significance was consistently recognized and respected.<\/p><p>This shows a central role in cultural self-understanding. Trade, migration, and cultural exchanges spread and stabilized the veneration, which led to a remarkably uniform depiction across large geographic and temporal spaces.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source Situation<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena is documented in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmitted folk culture with its customs, narratives, and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> primary sources, especially in Slavic fairy tales and folk songs (Sbornik russkikh narodnykh pesen, collections of Russian folk songs). Direct literary primary sources are late and unsystematic.<\/p><p>Secondary literature: Nora Chadwick (The Slavic Peoples), Mathieu-Colas (Dictionnaire de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted divine narratives of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> Slave), Linda J. Ivanits (Russian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious ideas and customs that are widespread in everyday life.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folk Belief<\/span>), Vladimir Toporov and Vyacheslav Ivanov (the Toporov-Ivanov school of Indo-European <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted divine narratives of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> reconstruction). The concept of Marena is reconstructed from folk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the customs handed down within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">customs<\/span> and planting rituals, not from <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the authoritatively recognized body of scriptures of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">canonical<\/span> texts like those of the Chinese gods.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Designation and Spellings<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena is portrayed with particular iconographic elements that are symbolically encoded and carry deep meaning. These elements convey, in a central way, the functions, sources of power, domain, and cosmic role of this entity.<\/p><p>The visual system allows the initiated and the culturally educated to grasp the deeper meaning. Colors, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> objects or weapons, bodily attributes, specific accessories, all are significant and traditionally transmitted. The system remains stable and recognizable across generations, which points to fundamental archetypal structures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena was central to the religious practice and everyday understanding of the Slavs. People turned to this entity in critical situations or at particular <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> times of the year, with structured rituals, prayers, or <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span>. The practice was precisely transmitted and often led by priests or specialists.<\/p><p>The continuity of these practices over many generations shows that they were regarded as effective and necessary. The functions were diverse: preventive (warding off misfortune), healing (easing suffering), transformative (accompaniment through transitions), and protective (continuous watching over).<\/p><h3>Appearance and Symbolism<\/h3><p>Marena appears as a gaunt, old woman, dressed in white or in funeral shrouds. She is associated with frost and snow. In some depictions she carries a scythe. White and gray are her colors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Profile treats Marena from six perspectives: her cosmological origin as a goddess of winter and death, the groups of her ritual veneration (peasants, seasonal), her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> and somber appearance, her role in funeral rites and in affirming the cycle, as well as parallels in related cultures.<\/p><p>These dimensions show her central role in the Slavic system of the year&#8217;s wheel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena's Origin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena is connected geographically and cosmologically with winter and the north. Her cultural origin is proto-Slavic, probably prehistoric, since winter gods occur in many Indo-European cultures. Written evidence is late and often Christianly distorted.<\/p><p>In terms of the history of religion, Marena is understood as a specialization of a general goddess of death and rebirth, whose function consolidated with the seasonal agricultural cycles. Her name may derive from the Slavic-Indo-European *mer (to die).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related To<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena was venerated primarily by peasants and herders in winter rituals, especially in transitional phases (first snowfall, winter solstice, the end of winter). Festivals and rituals such as Maslenitsa (the butter festival, a farewell-to-winter <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>) were occasions for Marena.<\/p><p>Women had special roles in Marena rituals: lighting bonfires or making Marena figures (dolls), which were then burned or thrown into rivers (driving Marena away). The veneration was seasonal and cyclical, not year-round like that of the Domovoi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena is portrayed as a beautiful but somber woman, often in dark clothing with white or graying hair. Her attributes are snow, ice, bones, a sickle (a reaper like the Parcae), or a fire <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>. She is sometimes shown winged, to suggest her swiftness and inevitability.<\/p><p>In folk art she is depicted as frightening and fascinating at once. Her colors are white (snow), black (darkness), and red (life and fire). The iconography is startling but not exaggeratedly evil, rather melancholic and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activity<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of Influence:<\/strong> Marena (also Morena, Mara) symbolizes winter, death, and the boundary between life and the beyond. She is the goddess of decay and rebirth, and each year her doll is burned (the burning ritual) to drive away winter and call in spring.<\/p><p>She rides on white horses over snow and ice. She is not malicious but necessary, the force that lets everything age and renew itself.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena's Defense<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena is a cosmic goddess, neither good nor evil but necessary. Veneration takes place through seasonal rituals that acknowledge her power and ask for a mild winter or a swift spring.<\/p><p>The Marena doll <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> (the Shrovetide festival) was a blend of veneration and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands representatively for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolic<\/span> expulsion: the doll (Marena) was burned or thrown into the water to end winter and summon spring.<\/p><p>Protective rituals consisted of fire symbols and prayers. The veneration was cosmic and cyclical and acknowledged Marena as a necessary force in the course of the year, not as a hostile entity to be fought.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related Beings<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comparable are other gods of winter and death: Hades or Persephone in the Greco-Roman tradition (gods of death), the Norse Hel (goddess of the underworld), Hecate in Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted divine narratives of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> (goddess of thresholds and of death), and Kali in Hinduism (goddess of destruction and rebirth).<\/p><p>Common to all is the ambivalent nature between destruction and regeneration, as well as the aspect of the cycle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena, Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena stands in the line of seasonal goddesses of death and renewal and compositionally parallels the Hellenistic Persephone and the Egyptian grieving Isis.<\/p><p>Her winter-spring cycle is concretely enacted as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to a fixed religious sequence of actions.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> in Slavic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted customs of a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> through the burning or drowning of a straw doll, a practice that in this form has no direct counterpart in the Mediterranean region.<\/p><p><strong>Jewish Tradition:<\/strong> In Judaism there is no direct goddess of winter or death like Marena. The God YHWH controls the seasons and death, but is not anthropomorphized as a female goddess. However, the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> knows Binah as &#8220;mother&#8221; and cosmic adversary (Gevurah\/Rigor as the destructive side), which offers a distant conceptual parallel.<\/p><p><strong>Greco-Roman World:<\/strong> Persephone as queen of the underworld and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of winter (half the year beneath the earth) resembles Marena. Hecate too is a goddess of darkness and thresholds.<\/p><p>The difference: Persephone and Hecate are more mythological figures in stable roles than cosmic cycle goddesses like Marena. Hecate is a sorceress and guardian, not a goddess of the seasons.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> The goddess Ereshkigal rules over the underworld (Kur), similar to Marena&#8217;s rule over winter. But Ereshkigal is not seasonal; she is static within her underworld domain. There is no seasonal cycle aspect as with Marena.<\/p><p><strong>India\/Asia:<\/strong> Kali or Durga in Hinduism embody a destructive and regenerative femininity similar to Marena. In Taoism there is Yin (dark, cool) as a principle that corresponds to winter, but not as a personified goddess.<\/p><p>In Japanese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious system in which specialists communicate with the world of spirits.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamanism<\/span> there are underworld gods such as Izanami, who are connected with death. Common to all these traditions is the femininity of death and the cyclical regeneration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd5d54a1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd5d54a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe274c99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe274c99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Problem of the Sources on the Slavic World of Gods<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d012d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7d012d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0032283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0032283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anyone approaching Marena, also called Morana, Mara, or Marzanna, must first consider the difficult source situation regarding Slavic religion.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Synonymous with heathen; belonging to a pre-Christian religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">pagan<\/span> Slavs left behind no religious texts of their own, Christianization took place over several centuries, and what we know about their gods derives predominantly from three kinds of sources: from the reports of Christian chroniclers, from later ecclesiastical prohibitory writings against pagan customs, and from the folkloric <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> of the modern era.<\/p><p>For Marena the medieval attestation is thin. Unlike, for instance, the East Slavic Perun, she scarcely appears in the early chronicles as a venerated <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>.<\/p><p>What is known about her rests above all on late sources from the West Slavic area, especially from Poland, the Czech lands, and Slovakia, as well as on the customs of the beginning of spring that survived into the modern era.<\/p><p>An important, often cited source is the Polish chronicler Jan Dlugosz of the fifteenth century, who in his history of Poland attempted to equate the old Slavic gods with Roman deities. Such learned constructions are to be treated with caution, since they interpret the Slavic material through an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> lens.<\/p><p>The consequence for the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">study of religion<\/span> is clear. A secure, unified picture of a goddess Marena from pagan times cannot be drawn. What is securely tangible is above all the ritualized figure of the spring custom, a straw doll called Marzanna or Morena, which is carried out and destroyed.<\/p><p>Whether and in what form a genuinely venerated <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of the pagan Slavs stands behind it is contested in research. This uncertainty belongs to an honest depiction of the figure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd610a66 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd610a66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75c7cd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp75c7cd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Carrying Out of the Marzanna as a Spring Ritual<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5897b73 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5897b73\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb48ef19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb48ef19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena is most securely tangible in the widespread West Slavic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted action regularly repeated within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> of the beginning of spring, which is observed in Poland, the Czech lands, Slovakia, and neighboring areas to the present day.<\/p><p>At its center stands a doll made of straw, often wrapped in women&#8217;s clothes, called Marzanna, Morena, or by similar names. She embodies winter, death, and the rigidity of the cold season.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted action regularly repeated within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> is traditionally observed around the astronomical beginning of spring or on the fourth Sunday of Lent. The community, frequently children and young people, carries the doll in a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A solemn religious procession.\" tabindex=\"0\">procession<\/span> through the village and then out of it, often singing.<\/p><p>At the end the Marzanna is destroyed, she is burned, thrown into a flowing body of water, or both in succession. In many places it is considered dangerous to touch the doll as it goes down or to look back at her while one is going back.<\/p><p>Often the carrying out of the Marzanna is contrasted with a second, opposing act, the bringing in of spring or summer, symbolized by a green branch, a decorated little tree, or another doll.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted action regularly repeated within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> is thereby a two-part <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural significance.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>, death and cold winter are driven away, life and the warm season are brought in.<\/p><p>In folkloristic terms this <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted action regularly repeated within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> is interpreted as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A fixed, recurring religious act.\" tabindex=\"0\">rite<\/span> of transition and purification that accompanies the change of seasons and assists it as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to a fixed religious sequence of actions.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>.<\/p><p>The medieval church fought against the carrying out of such dolls, which shows that the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted action regularly repeated within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> was felt to be <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"From a Christian viewpoint: belonging to a pre-Christian or non-Christian religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">pagan<\/span>, and precisely this ecclesiastical resistance is one of the most important sources for its age.<\/p><p>Whether the doll originally represented a goddess or was from the beginning an embodiment of winter cannot be decided from the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted action regularly repeated within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> alone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp212838e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp212838e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6060732 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6060732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena as Goddess of Death and the Winter Season<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0bac407 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0bac407\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc986f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc986f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From the spring custom and from linguistic indications, research has inferred the picture of a Slavic goddess of death, winter, and rigidity, although the hypothetical character of this reconstruction must always be emphasized.<\/p><p>The name itself gives a clue, it belongs to a word family around an Indo-European root with the meaning to die, to which also belong the Latin <em>mors<\/em>, death, and words for murder and the dead in various languages.<\/p><p>The connection to the nocturnal pressing being, the Slavic <em>mara<\/em> and the Germanic Mahr, is also discussed.<\/p><p>From this follows an interpretation of Marena as the embodiment of the forces hostile to life, of cold, of darkness, of the standstill of vegetation, and of death. In this reading she is the wintry counterpart to the forces of spring and fertility.<\/p><p>Some researchers, especially in the Polish and Czech tradition, have interpreted her as an ambivalent goddess who not only brings terror but also belongs to the necessary cycle, for without winter no spring, without death no renewal.<\/p><p>Later, especially popular-scientific and neo-pagan depictions have built Marena up into an elaborate goddess of death with a fixed biography, kinship, and function. These pictures are appealing but are not secured by source criticism, they often carry more into the figure from the modern imagination than from the medieval <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p>The serious position within the study of religion remains cautious. There are good grounds for assuming that behind the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted action regularly repeated within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">custom<\/span> and the name stands a conception of a personified wintry and deadly power.<\/p><p>A goddess Marena venerated in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> with an elaborate <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> cannot, however, be securely demonstrated from the surviving sources. Marena is thereby a model case for the limits of our knowledge of Slavic religion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further Links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/slavic\/\">Slavic Cultures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/perun\/\">Perun, Thunder and New Beginning<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hel\/\">Hel, Germanic Goddess of the Underworld<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hades\/\">Hades, Greek God of the Underworld<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Ivanits, Linda: <em>Russian Folk Belief<\/em>. M.E. Sharpe, 1989.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hubbs, Joanna: <em>Mother Russia. The Feminine Myth in Russian Culture<\/em>. Indiana University Press, 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gimbutas, Marija: <em>The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe<\/em>. Thames and Hudson, 1982.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Roux, Valentina: em>Ancient Slavic Religion<\/em>. Routledge, 1999.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marena, Goddess of the Slavic Tradition Marena (\u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430, also Morana or Marzanna) is the Slavic goddess of winter, death, and rebirth. She embodies the dark season and death as part of the natural cycle and is venerated in rituals that connect life and dying. GoddessSlavicDeath Deity Table of Contents Marena Marena is portrayed as a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5359,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Marena","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Marena, Deity of the Slavic Tradition","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Marena, Slavic goddess of winter and death. Her melting ritual for spring, her burning as a Maslenitsa custom, and her kinship with Morana.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,86,109],"class_list":["post-5358","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-gods","category-slavic"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Marena, Deity of the Slavic Tradition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Marena, Slavic goddess of winter and death. 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