{"id":5203,"date":"2026-04-27T10:35:37","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/samael\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:32:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:32:14","slug":"samael","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/samael\/","title":{"rendered":"Samael"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5203\" class=\"elementor elementor-5203 elementor-1978 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael, God of the Jewish Tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael is the archangel figure of the Jewish <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>, an ambivalent force between punishment and protection. His significance for <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span> lies in his embodiment of divine severity (Gevurah), in the demonic half of the Sefirot-tree <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious current centred on the direct experience of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">mysticism<\/span>, and in the complex <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly teaching about God and about the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> of wrath as a spiritual instrument.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ goddess: personified highest power in the pantheon of a culture, with clear areas of responsibility: forces of nature, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/judaism\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Jewish faith tradition from the Tanakh to the Kabbalah and modern mysticism.\">Judaism<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Archangel, highest class of angels in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions.\">Archangel<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5204\" alt=\"Samael - gods from the Jewish tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_judentum_samael.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael functions as a punishing <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> and sometimes as a prince of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demons<\/span>. His attributes include punishment and wrath, but also justice.<\/p><p>Central myths are: Samael&#8217;s seduction of Eve (pseudepigraphic Haggadot), his role as accuser at the throne (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Principal work of medieval Jewish mysticism (Spain, 13th c.); kabbalistic Torah interpretation.\" tabindex=\"0\">Zohar<\/span>), the mystical journey through the Hekhalot (Hekhalot literature), and his ambivalent status both as a divine <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> and as a king of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demons<\/span> (Samael as king of the demons, Zohar I:19a).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quick Overview: Samael<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael derives from Jewish <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Standing outside the recognized canon.\" tabindex=\"0\">apocryphal<\/span> and kabbalistic sources: the Sefer ha-Razim (3rd to 4th century), the Hekhalot literature (5th to 6th century, Hebrew), and especially the Zohar (13th century).<\/p><p>The broad attribution falls into <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late antiquity<\/span>, with reinforcement in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>. The state of research (Scholem, Karppe, Wolfson) shows Samael as a syncretistic figure, shaped by dualistic Gnosticism and Zoroastrian influence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the Texts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The continuity of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> across these long spans of time is remarkable and shows a deep, stable cultural rootedness. In modern times too, the memory and sometimes also active veneration remain alive, sometimes transformed but still recognizable in their basic features.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of Diffusion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael was not confined to a particular region or set of locations, but was universally known throughout the Jewish world and venerated or respectfully feared.<\/p><p>Samael was a figure of learned Jewish literature rather than of popular <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A brief, personal or communal religious contemplation.\" tabindex=\"0\">devotion<\/span>. He appears in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The principal work of rabbinic Judaism, with interpretation of the religious tradition.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> and the midrashim, texts studied by rabbinic scholars, and later in the Zohar and the writings of the kabbalists, who assigned him a defined place in their system of the Sitra Achra. There is no evidence of a folk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> around him; ordinary worshippers encountered him at most indirectly, through prayers and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the customs handed down within a community.\" tabindex=\"0\">customs<\/span> concerning the angel of death that rabbinic authorities had shaped and approved. His profile was thus formed and maintained by scholars across the communities of the diaspora.<\/p><p>Samael was not a locally confined <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious ideas and customs that are widespread in everyday life.\" tabindex=\"0\">folk belief<\/span> but part of the learned literature of Judaism, which was read in all the communities of the diaspora. With the Talmud, the midrash, and later the Zohar, the ideas about the accuser and angel of death traveled from Babylonia and the Land of Israel to Spain, Provence, Italy, and Eastern Europe. Because the communities relied on the same texts, the image of Samael remained remarkably consistent across great distances.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source Situation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Primary sources are the Sefer ha-Razim (Hebrew, 3rd to 4th century), the Hekhalot Rabbati (Hebrew, 5th to 6th century), the Zohar I:19a, b, 55a (Aramaic, 13th century, Isaac Luria redaction), and Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer 13 (10th century). On the secondary side, Scholem (Jewish Mysticism, 1941; Kabbalah, 1974), Karppe (Esoterisme et Cabale, French, 1909), Wolfson (Through a Speculum That Shines, 1994) and Abrams (Kabbalistic Imagery) analyzed Samael&#8217;s syncretic origins in Gnosticism, Zoroastrianism and early Jewish demonology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Variants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Across the various sources and artistic traditions, Samael is depicted with certain recurring iconographic elements that remain relatively constant over decades and across different geographic areas. These elements are not purely decorative or chosen at random, but are deeply encoded symbolically and carry great meaning.<\/p><p>Samael is described in the sources less through images than through functions, since Jewish tradition has hardly any figural representations. His identifying marks are offices and motifs: the accuser before the heavenly court, the angel of death with the sword from whose tip hangs the drop of gall, the rider of the serpent in the midrash on the Fall, and in Kabbalah the prince of the Sitra Achra and companion of Lilith. Anyone familiar with rabbinic and kabbalistic literature can determine Samael&#8217;s rank and area of responsibility precisely from these attributions.<\/p><p>The overall system works like a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> text or a coded image: it allows initiates or the culturally educated to grasp and correctly understand the essential, deeper meaning. Colours, sacred objects or weapons, physical attributes, specific accessories: everything is significant and handed down by tradition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael was central to religious practice, everyday rituals and the daily understanding of Judaism. People turned to this entity in critical or particular life situations, or at certain <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> times of year, with structured, often elaborate rituals, prayers or <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span>.<\/p><p>In Jewish tradition, dealing with Samael was a matter for scholars, not for <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religiosity as lived in everyday life, often alongside official doctrine.\" tabindex=\"0\">popular piety<\/span>. The Talmud and the midrash treat him within a regulated tradition of interpretation, and the kabbalists assigned him a place in their system of the Sitra Achra, the other side. The protective practices against the angel of death, such as certain prayers and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Warding off evil: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences away.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span> formulas, likewise followed transmitted rules and were passed on and reviewed by rabbinic authorities.<\/p><p>The continuity of these practices over many generations clearly shows that the practice was regarded as effective and necessary. The functions were varied: some were preventive (warding off potential calamity), some healing-oriented (alleviating illness or suffering), some transformative (accompanying transitions between stages of life).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Samael<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Profile captures Samael across six dimensions: his complex origin in Gnosticism and the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>, his target group among mystical kabbalists with an interest in demonic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of things through special acts or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>, his iconographic depiction as a punishing <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> or king of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demons<\/span>, his functional ambivalence between punishment and teaching, comparisons with other demonic archangels (Uriel, Raguel), and his contemplative role in Hekhalot <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious current centred on the direct experience of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">mysticism<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael's Origin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael originates in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late antiquity<\/span> (3rd to 4th century, Sefer ha-Razim), with a kabbalistic fixation in the 13th century (Zohar). The geographic origin lies in Judea and in the later centres of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> (Provence, Spain, Safed).<\/p><p>The dating of the first mention is the Sefer ha-Razim (3rd to 4th century). The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> framing as king of the demons appears only in the Zohar (13th century), a late effect of Gnostic-dualistic thinking.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael's Target Group<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael addressed primarily mystically advanced kabbalists. The target group consists of mystics with an interest in demonic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of things through special acts or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A linguistic ritual meant to summon or bind a power.\" tabindex=\"0\">conjuration<\/span> and Gnostic insight.<\/p><p>The occasions are mystical visions (Hekhalot journeys), acts of penance (penitence as contact with Samael), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magical<\/span> practices (Yichudim) and the confrontation with inner demons. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or conjuring address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> takes place in private <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious current centred on the direct experience of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">mysticism<\/span> rather than in public <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael's Appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael iconographically: a male or androgynous figure with black or red wings and a stern or wrathful physiognomy. His attributes are a sword or spear (punishment), fire, and sometimes a serpent (seducer aspect).<\/p><p>In the Zohar and in Luria: Samael wears a crown of the shell (Qelippa, the evil sphere) and is dreadful to behold. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> varies between punishing <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> and king of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demons<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael's Effect<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of effect:<\/strong> Samael (\u05e1\u05de\u05d0\u05dc, &#8220;poison of God&#8221;) appears in rabbinic and kabbalistic writings as the archangel of death, as the embodiment of punishing divine justice (Middat ha-Din), and in later reception as the leader of the fallen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angels<\/span>.<\/p><p>In the <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The principal work of rabbinic Judaism, with the interpretation of religious tradition.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> Yerushalmi<\/em> (Sanhedrin 24a) he is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An angel to whom the protection of an individual person is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">guardian angel<\/span> of Esau; in the <em>Targum Pseudo-Jonathan<\/em> on Gen 3 he acts as the serpent in paradise.<\/p><p>The <em>Zohar<\/em> (II, 35a) systematizes him as the consort of Lilith and head of the Sitra Achra (the &#8220;other side&#8221;, the demonic counterpole to the world of the ten Sefirot).<\/p><p>His activity encompasses illness, temptation and death; he is the executor of divine judgment, not a rebel like the Christian Satan, but a commissioned enforcer. In the Lurianic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>, his fall is connected with the &#8220;breaking of the vessels&#8221; (Shevirat ha-Kelim).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Warding off Samael<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael was regarded as dangerous and ambivalent, not purely evil or good. The practices of invocation were rare and highly risky. In Hekhalot texts, conjurations were carried out under strict ritual safeguards.<\/p><p>Protective practices included purification, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or conjuring address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> of God, and the use of protective <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object to which a fortune- or success-bringing effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">talismans<\/span> bearing <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">holy<\/span> names. Respect for Samael was expressed as fear and caution, not veneration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael's Parallels<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comparable figures: Uriel (the fire <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> of punishment, but not demonic), Raguel (cosmic justice), Chamuel (God&#8217;s severity, often a Samael equivalent). Outside Judaism: Ahriman (the Zoroastrian adversary, dualism), Azazel (a prince of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demons<\/span>, but not an archangel). The ambivalence of punishment and protection is Samael&#8217;s distinctive trait.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Warding off in Everyday Life<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apotropaic Rituals<\/strong><\/p><p>Jewish <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious current centred on the direct experience of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">mysticism<\/span> traditionally knows no direct veneration of Samael, but rather his warding off. The eve of the Sabbath (<em>Erev Shabbat<\/em>) is regarded as a time of particular vulnerability: lighting the Sabbath candles, covering the table with a white cloth and keeping silence before the Kiddush are apotropaic acts.<\/p><p>The <em>Zohar<\/em> recommends reciting Psalm 91 before sleep as protection against the &#8220;plagues of the night&#8221;.<\/p><p><strong>Conjurations and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magical or ecclesiastical exclusion; also the binding of a power through a formula.\" tabindex=\"0\">ban<\/span> Formulas<\/strong><\/p><p>Medieval Ashkenazi manuscripts (such as the <em>Sefer Raziel ha-Malakh<\/em>) transmit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magical or ecclesiastical exclusion; also the binding of a power through a formula.\" tabindex=\"0\">ban<\/span> formulas against Samael, which mostly operate with the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or conjuring address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The four Hebrew letters of the divine name YHWH, used in a magical-mantric manner in Jewish mysticism.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tetragrammaton<\/span> and of the archangels Michael, Gabriel, Uriel and Raphael.<\/p><p>The kabbalistic <em>Pulsa de-Nura<\/em> was later repurposed in a ritual context against him. The formula &#8220;Mi ka-El, mi ka-Adonai&#8221; (Who is like God?) is regarded as a direct <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or conjuring address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> of Michael against Samael.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amulets<\/span> and Protective Symbols<\/strong><\/p><p>The <em>Mezuzah<\/em> on the doorpost (Deut 6:9, 11:20) is traditionally interpreted as a bulwark against Samael and his host (cf. <em>Menachot<\/em> 33b). Protective amulets with the six-pointed star (<em>Magen David<\/em>) or the 72-letter name of God (Shem ha-Mephorash) are found in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> practica.<\/p><p>The daily wearing of the Tefillin (Ex 13:16) is regarded as continuous protection; in Yemenite communities the winding text is applied specifically against the <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael, Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><p><strong>Jewish tradition:<\/strong> Samael stands in competition with Uriel and Chamuel (both also punishing <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angels<\/span>). The difference: Samael is demonized, whereas Uriel and Chamuel remain ambivalent but not demonic. The Zohar texts present Samael as the other side of punishment, fallen into dualism. Azazel (the scapegoat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>) is a parallel figure without archangel status.<\/p><p><strong>Greco-Roman world:<\/strong> No direct parallels. Distantly related: Helios or Apollo as judge, or the Erinyes and Eumenides as punishing demons. The demonic function of judgment connects them. Hades (king of the underworld) also bears demonic traits.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> The Mesopotamian counterpart: Nergal (god of war and plague, ruler of the underworld, ambivalent). Samael and Nergal share the combination of divine authority and demonic character. Kingu (a chaos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>, adversary of Marduk) also has a similar demonic function.<\/p><p><strong>India and Asia:<\/strong> The Indian counterpart: Rudra (god of wrath, destruction, but also protection, Hindu). Samael and Rudra share their ambivalent nature. A Buddhist parallel: Mahakala (a dark protective god). Both are stern and dangerous, but not purely demonic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe83adf5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe83adf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4e5bfd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4e5bfd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael in Rabbinic Literature and in the Midrash<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee52509 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpee52509\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe3b4347 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe3b4347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samael (Hebrew roughly <em>Sammael<\/em>) is one of the most important demonic and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angelic<\/span> figures of the Jewish tradition, yet he does not appear in the Hebrew Bible itself, but only in post-biblical literature. His detailed elaboration is found in the Midrash, in the aggadic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> and in apocryphal writings of the post-Christian centuries.<\/p><p>In this literature, Samael is a many-layered figure. He is frequently described as a high-ranking <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span>, but at the same time as an accuser and adversary who merges with the role of the heavenly accuser, <em>Satan<\/em>.<\/p><p>In several Midrashim, Samael is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> who steers the story of the Fall in the background; one tradition makes him the actual author of the temptation in the Garden of Eden, who makes use of the serpent or is bound up with it. Other texts connect Samael with the attempt to prevent or thwart Abraham&#8217;s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express thanks, request, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifice<\/span> of Isaac, or with the testing of Job.<\/p><p>One particularly well-known <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> makes Samael the angel of death, the being that takes the soul from human beings. In this function he is not simply evil, but an executor within the order established by God.<\/p><p>From the perspective of religious studies, this ambiguity is characteristic: in rabbinic thought, Samael is not a counter-god directed against God, but a dangerous, accusing, death-bringing being that nonetheless remains part of the heavenly hierarchy. The sharp separation between <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> and devil, as known to later conceptions, has not yet been carried out here.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcd05cd9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcd05cd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp59c59e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp59c59e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Name and the Question of Its Meaning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6a96f0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6a96f0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe876ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfe876ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The etymology of the name Samael has long been a subject of interpretation, without any fully secure explanation being available.<\/p><p>The second component, <em>-el<\/em>, is unambiguous: it is the Hebrew word for God, which appears in numerous angel names such as Michael or Gabriel. It marks Samael as a being that originally belonged to the angelic sphere.<\/p><p>The first component, <em>sam-<\/em>, is interpreted in different ways. A widespread explanation connects it with the Hebrew word <em>sam<\/em>, meaning poison; according to this, Samael would be the poison of God or the poisonous one of God, which would fit well with his role as angel of death and seducer.<\/p><p>This interpretation is old and is represented in the tradition itself.<\/p><p>Other proposals assume a root meaning blindness, in which case Samael would be the blind one of God or the one who makes blind; this interpretation was taken up in the kabbalistic literature and connected with the idea that evil is a kind of blinding.<\/p><p>Scholarship emphasizes that such interpretations of names are often later readings that say more about the understanding of the figure in a particular epoch than about the actual linguistic origin. Only the reference to God in the ending is certain.<\/p><p>The uncertainty about the first syllable is itself revealing: it shows that the Jewish tradition already felt the name to be in need of interpretation and connected it with whatever were, in each case, the central characteristics of Samael: poison, death, blinding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp80c149a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp80c149a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9718754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9718754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael in the Kabbalah and as Consort of Lilith<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7a0e1a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7a0e1a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp194ea76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp194ea76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the medieval <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>, especially in the literature around the <em>Zohar<\/em> and in the later kabbalistic systems, Samael receives a systematic place within the teaching about evil.<\/p><p>Here he is the head of the <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>, the other side, that is, the counter-divine sphere conceived as the dark counterpart to the world of the divine emanations. In this system Samael stands at the top of the impure powers, just as on the holy side a highest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> stands.<\/p><p>Closely connected with this is the conception of Samael as the consort of <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/lilith\/\">Lilith<\/a>. The pair Samael and Lilith forms, in kabbalistic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of a culture's transmitted narratives about its gods.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>, the dark counterpart to a holy pair and is regarded as the origin of further demonic beings.<\/p><p>Their union is interpreted as the source of the spread of evil in the world. This conception of the pair is a specifically kabbalistic elaboration that is not yet present in this form in the older rabbinic literature.<\/p><p>From the perspective of religious studies, the kabbalistic Samael doctrine is an impressive example of the systematization of evil within a monotheistic framework.<\/p><p>The <em>Sitra Achra<\/em> is not an independent counter-god, but remains dependent on the divine order and is ultimately conceived as subordinate to it. In this system Samael embodies the possibility of evil without abandoning <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The belief in a single God.\" tabindex=\"0\">monotheism<\/span>.<\/p><p>Later <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoteric<\/span> and occultist currents of the modern era detached Samael from this theological context and in part made him into an independent figure, which, however, misses the kabbalistic point that the other side too is part of a single whole determined by God.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp69c20b3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp69c20b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02f3474 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp02f3474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samael, the Guardian Angel of Esau and Rome<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6801553 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6801553\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpce51878 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpce51878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A separate strand of tradition connects Samael with the conception of the heavenly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An angel to which the protection of an individual person is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">guardian angels<\/span> of the peoples. According to a view widespread in rabbinic literature, every people has a heavenly prince or <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> who represents it and intercedes for it. Within this framework Samael becomes the heavenly prince of Esau and thus of Rome.<\/p><p>This attribution is to be understood historically. Esau is regarded in Jewish interpretation as the ancestor of Edom, and Edom became, in post-biblical times, the cipher for Rome and later for Christian power, that is, for the great power under whose rule the Jewish people lived and suffered.<\/p><p>By making Samael, the accuser and adversary, the heavenly representative of this hostile power, the historical experience of foreign rule and oppression receives a cosmic interpretation. The struggle between Jacob and Esau, between Israel and Edom, is mirrored in the heavenly conflict between the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An angel to whom the protection of an individual person is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">guardian angel<\/span> of Israel and Samael.<\/p><p>A well-known aggadic narrative even interprets Jacob&#8217;s nocturnal wrestling match at the river Jabbok, which the Book of Genesis reports, as Jacob&#8217;s struggle with Samael, the angelic prince of Esau. From the perspective of religious studies, this strand of tradition shows how a demonic figure could become the bearer of a historical-theological interpretation.<\/p><p>Here Samael is not only the seducer in the Garden of Eden or the angel of death, but the personified hostile power of history. This linking of demonology and the interpretation of history is an important feature of Jewish thought and distinguishes the Samael figure from a merely individual tempter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further Links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/lilith\/\">Lilith, consort of Samael in the Lurianic Kabbalah<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/azazel\/\">Azazel, related fallen angel in 1 Enoch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/mikail\/\">Michael, principal opponent of Samael in the angelic hierarchy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/azrael\/\">Azrael, related angel of death in the Islamic tradition<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/shedim\/\">Shedim, demonic host under Samael&#8217;s command<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/judaism\/\">Judaism, religious context<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (Selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Scholem, Gershom: <em>Die j\u00fcdische <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religious current centred on the direct experience of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mystik<\/span> in ihren Hauptstr\u00f6mungen<\/em>. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M. 1980.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Scholem, Gershom: <em>Von der mystischen Gestalt der <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">Gottheit<\/span><\/em>. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M. 1973.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Idel, Moshe: <em>Kabbalah: New Perspectives<\/em>. Yale University Press, New Haven 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Mach, Michael: <em>Entwicklungsstadien des j\u00fcdischen Engelglaubens in vorrabbinischer Zeit<\/em>. Mohr Siebeck, T\u00fcbingen 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Davidson, Gustav: <em>A Dictionary of Angels<\/em>. The Free Press, New York 1967.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Patai, Raphael: <em>The Hebrew Goddess<\/em>. Wayne State UP, Detroit 1990.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Samael, God of the Jewish Tradition Samael is the archangel figure of the Jewish Kabbalah tradition, an ambivalent force between punishment and protection. His significance for religious studies lies in his embodiment of divine severity (Gevurah), in the demonic half of the Sefirot-tree mysticism, and in the complex theology of wrath as a spiritual instrument. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5204,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Samael","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Samael: God of the Jewish Tradition","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Samael, the dark archangel of Jewish lore: accuser, angel of death and adversary, poised between divine servant and demon.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,86,98,84],"class_list":["post-5203","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-gods","category-hell-beings","category-judaism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Samael: God of the Jewish 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