{"id":5118,"date":"2026-04-21T13:17:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:17:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yuki-onna\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:31:32","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:31:32","slug":"yuki-onna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/yuki-onna\/","title":{"rendered":"Yuki-onna"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5118\" class=\"elementor elementor-5118 elementor-1329\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuki-onna, Spirit of the Japanese Tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuki-onna is a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which an effect upon the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> of the Japanese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p>Snow-spirit woman of the Japanese mountain regions, white breath, freezing gaze.<\/p><h2 id=\"dif-yukionna\">Yuki-onna&#8217;s Mountain-Pass <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">Iconography<\/span><\/h2><p>Yuki-onna (\u201esnow woman\u201c) is a <strong>yokai figure of the Japanese mountain regions<\/strong>, mainly of the northern Japanese prefectures of Aomori, Akita and Niigata.<\/p><p>She appears in <strong>snowstorms<\/strong> over lonely <strong>mountain passes<\/strong> at night, in a white kimono with long black hair, often barefoot upon the snow. Her <strong>freezing breath<\/strong> kills wanderers who have fallen asleep.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>The principal literary source is the tale in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Irish-American writer (1850-1904); collector of Japanese ghost stories in Kwaidan (1904).\" tabindex=\"0\">Lafcadio Hearn<\/span>&#8216;s <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lafcadio Hearn's collection of Japanese ghost stories from 1904; it shaped the Western perception of Yuki-onna and yuurei.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kwaidan<\/span><\/em> (1904), which is based on a folk tale from the land of Musashi: the woodcutter Minokichi survives an encounter with a Yuki-onna because she binds him to silence; years later he breaks his silence and realises that his wife Oyuki was the snow woman.<\/span><\/p><p>Related figures of the Japanese yokai tradition: <em>Yuki-warashi<\/em> (snow child), <em>Yuki-jor\u014d<\/em> (snow harlot), <em>Tsurara-onna<\/em> (icicle woman).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Spirit: an incorporeal or semi-corporeal entity, the deceased, nature beings, household spirits or guardians of thresholds. Acts within everyday life, often bound to places or families.\">Spirit<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/japan\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Japanese Shinto kami and Buddhist yokai worlds.\">Japan<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuki-onna-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5119\" alt=\"Yuki Onna - spirits from the Japanese tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuki-onna-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuki-onna-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuki-onna-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuki-onna.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuki-onna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuki-onna (\u96ea\u5973, \u201esnow woman\u201c) is the prominent snow-spirit figure of Japanese mountain tradition. She appears in heavy snowstorms as a young, beautiful woman in a white kimono, with long black hair, pale skin and often hovering above the snow.<\/p><p>Her touch or her breath cause the person before her to freeze stiff and perish from the cold.<\/p><p>The Yuki-onna combines traits of the y\u014dkai with motifs of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An incorporeal being to which effects in the world are attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ghost<\/span> of the dead; she is at once a nature being and a figure of vengeance. A central narrative tradition is the love of a Yuki-onna for a human, who must keep to an unspoken vow of silence.<\/p><div><h3>Lafcadio Hearn&#8217;s Canonisation in Kwaidan<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>The European and Western perception of the <em>Yuki-onna<\/em> was decisively shaped by Lafcadio Hearn&#8217;s collection <em>Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things<\/em> (1904). Hearn, an Irish-Greek journalist and folklorist who settled in Japan, transcribed and gave literary form to Japanese folk tales, among them the core narrative of the snow woman.<\/span><\/p><p>His version in <em>Kwaidan<\/em> established the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring element of content in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> of the white, supernatural woman who seduces and kills travellers in snowstorms. Hearn&#8217;s scholarly approach combined with narrative density made the Yuki-onna accessible to Western readers and considerably influenced subsequent Japanological and occult receptions.<\/p><p>His fidelity to the oral tradition as a source was incomplete, yet his aestheticisation laid down the iconographic basis on which later interpretations built.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quick Overview: Yuki<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Type:<\/strong> mountain being, snow spirit<br>Origin: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious ideas and customs that are widespread in everyday life.\" tabindex=\"0\">folk belief<\/span> of the snow regions of northern and central Japan<br>Texts: S\u014dgi Shokoku Monogatari (15th c.), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Irish-American writer (1850-1904); collector of Japanese ghost stories in Kwaidan (1904).\">Lafcadio Hearn<\/span> \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lafcadio Hearn's collection of Japanese ghost stories from 1904; it shaped the Western perception of Yuki-onna and yuurei.\">Kwaidan<\/span>\u201c (1904)<br>Region: T\u014dhoku, Hokuriku, Echigo, Hokkaid\u014d<br>Danger: freezing to death, delusion, incurable longing<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777529069 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777529069\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777529069 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777529069\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>Distinction from the Oni:<\/strong> Unlike the <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/oni\/\">Oni<\/a>, the Buddhist hell-fiend with horns and club, the Yuki-onna is a pure <strong>nature spirit<\/strong> of the northern Japanese high mountains, not a creature of hell but a personification of the deadly snowstorms.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the Texts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Yuki-onna does not belong to the oldest y\u014dkai attested in writing. The first clearly identifiable episodes are found in the <em>S\u014dgi Shokoku Monogatari<\/em> of the poet S\u014dgi from the late 15th century, which describes an encounter in the snow mountains of Echigo. Broader recording and systematisation took place in the Edo period.<\/p><p>The figure became internationally known through Lafcadio Hearn&#8217;s version in the volume \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lafcadio Hearn's collection of Japanese ghost stories from 1904; it shaped the Western perception of Yuki-onna and yuurei.\">Kwaidan<\/span>\u201c (1904), which tells the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring element of content in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> of the vow of silence between a young woodcutter and the Yuki-onna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of Distribution<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Yuki-onna is bound to the snow regions: the T\u014dhoku region (in particular Aomori, Iwate, Akita), the Hokuriku coast (Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa) and Hokkaid\u014d. In warmer regions she is barely represented, whereas in the snow mountains she is firmly anchored.<\/p><p>Local variants bear regional names; in some villages she appears as Tsurara-onna (icicle woman), in others as Yuki-musume (\u201esnow daughter\u201c) or Yuki-jor\u014d (\u201esnow woman\u201c).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">State of the Sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Important sources: S\u014dgi Shokoku Monogatari (late 15th c.); <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Japanese folklorist (1875-1962); founder of modern Japanese folklore studies.\">Yanagita Kunio<\/span>, T\u014dno Monogatari and later collections of folk tales; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Irish-American writer (1850-1904); collector of Japanese ghost stories in Kwaidan (1904).\">Lafcadio Hearn<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lafcadio Hearn's collection of Japanese ghost stories from 1904; it shaped the Western perception of Yuki-onna and yuurei.\">Kwaidan<\/span> (1904). Modern research in Komatsu Kazuhiko and Michael Dylan Foster.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>The figure lives on in film (Kobayashi Masaki, \u201eKwaidan\u201c, 1964) and in countless anime and manga adaptations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name \u96ea\u5973 is composed of \u96ea (\u201esnow\u201c) and \u5973 (\u201ewoman\u201c).<\/p><ul><li><strong>Yuki-musume<\/strong>, \u201esnow daughter\u201c; in some regions a designation for a younger variant.<\/li><li>Yuki-jor\u014d, \u201esnow woman\u201c in the broader sense.<\/li><li>Tsurara-onna, \u201eicicle woman\u201c; a female figure that emerged from an icicle.<\/li><li>Yuki-hime, \u201esnow princess\u201c; a literary, at times courtly-embellished form.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Appearance.<\/strong> A young, tall woman, mostly appearing between 17 and 25 years of age; pale, almost translucent skin; long black hair; a white kimono, often with a snow-crystal pattern. In many depictions she hovers above the ground without leaving traces, and has no feet.<\/p><p>Behaviour. She appears in snowstorms, often in the evening. Approaching those who have lost their way or woodcutters in the forest, she breathes upon them or demands to be carried. Her touch freezes the blood; the one she breathes upon stiffens into ice.<\/p><p>Ambivalence. In some tales she spares young men, but demands silence about the encounter. If the man breaks the silence, she returns.<\/p><div><h3>Regional Hokkaido and Tohoku Variants<\/h3><p>The Yuki-onna tradition divides regionally into distinct subtypes. In the Hokkaido region, aggressive snow <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span> with flesh-eating tendencies are documented, while Tohoku variants favour more melancholy narratives in which the Yuki-onna seeks human affection on cold nights.<\/p><p>Yanagita Kunio&#8217;s school of Japanese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmitted folk culture with its customs, tales and songs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span> research identified these regional clusters early on (in the 1920s) as variations of an older Suijin water-spirit complex that differentiated into snow apparitions under extreme winter conditions.<\/p><p>Hokkaido variants also show stronger contaminations with <em>kitsune<\/em> motifs, while Tohoku moves the Yuki-onna closer to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> concepts of femininity. These regional gradients are documented in modern ethnographic collections.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Yuki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Yuki-onna at a glance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Folk belief of the Japanese snow regions; motifs of the nature being and of the vengeful spirit merged.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relating to<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Woodcutters, hunters, travellers, traders who are out in the snowstorm; young men in mountain villages.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A young, pale woman in a white kimono, long black hair, often hovering; white breath, cold gaze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Function<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Freezing to death through touch or breath, loss of orientation in the storm, death in lonely huts; in love stories: loss and parting.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Seek shelter at once in a storm, do not travel alone through snow-covered passes, keep promises made to mountain beings; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A small sacred place of safekeeping or devotion.\" tabindex=\"0\">shrine<\/span> visits at the local mountain <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuaries<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Counterparts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Slavic <em>Morana<\/em> \/ <em>Marzanna<\/em>, the Norse <em>Skadi<\/em>, Tibetan mountain-woman figures, the Russian <em>Snegurochka<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective Practice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Travel rules.<\/strong> In snow regions clear rules applied: not alone through passes, never into the storm after nightfall, and if need be seek out a hut and wait.<\/p><p>The silence taboo. In tales with a love motif, the keeping of a vow of silence stands at the centre; the Yuki-onna remains bound to the human as long as he keeps silent.<\/p><p>Mountain shrines. Small sanctuaries along the mountain paths are visited before passing through; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span> of rice, sake and fruit are meant to secure the goodwill of the mountain beings.<\/p><p>Community rituals. In some villages of the T\u014dhoku region, annual winter rites used to take place at which the family kept watch together for a whole night to ward off ill-boding visits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuki, Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Slavic.<\/strong> Morana \/ Marzanna as the embodiment of winter shares traits of the deadly-beautiful snow figure.<\/p><p>Norse. The giantess Skadi is typologically related, a winter figure with an ambivalent relationship to men and to pacts.<\/p><p>Tibet and the Himalayas. Individual mountain deities of female kind appear in a similar function, but are less firmly fixed in narrative.<\/p><p>Russia. Snegurochka (\u201esnowflake\u201c) is a related figure, in literature and in the children&#8217;s sphere; she shares the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring element of content in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> of the melting snow woman with the Yuki-onna.<\/p><div><h3>Ukiyo-e <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial contents and their meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> of the Edo period<\/h3><p>The visual art tradition of the Edo period (1603-1868) established visual conventions for the Yuki-onna that remain effective to this day. Artists such as Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1839-1892) created woodblock prints in his series <em>New Forms of Thirty-Six Ghosts<\/em> that visualised the snow woman as an elegant, pale figure with blue-toned colour zones.<\/p><p>This aesthetic of cold colouring became the signifier of the Yuki-onna in popular <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial contents and their meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span>. Earlier Edo illustrators had already marked female supernaturalness in kaidan collections through asymmetries in posture and unnatural colour relationships. This visual coding shaped subsequent theatre productions and kabuki adaptations, in which costume and colour design directly referenced ukiyo-e models.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp13573d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp13573d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7348187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7348187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lafcadio Hearn and the Canonical Tale<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp86c34ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp86c34ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c8fd4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c8fd4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>The version of the Yuki-onna story best known today comes from <em>Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things<\/em>, a collection that Lafcadio Hearn published in 1904. Hearn, an author born in Greece who settled in Japan and took the name Koizumi Yakumo, stated that he had heard the tale from a farmer in the region of Musashi.<\/span><\/p><p>In Hearn&#8217;s version, two woodcutters, the old Mosaku and the young Minokichi, encounter a white-clad woman in a hut on a snowy night. She breathes the old man to death but spares Minokichi on the condition that he must never speak of the experience.<\/p><p>Years later Minokichi marries a woman named O-Yuki. When he tells her one evening about the snowy night, she reveals herself as the Yuki-onna and disappears, yet spares him for the sake of their shared children.<\/p><p>This tale became so influential that today it is often equated with &#8220;the&#8221; Yuki-onna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An edifying tale, mostly about the lives of saints.\" tabindex=\"0\">legend<\/span>. This must be qualified from the standpoint of source criticism.<\/p><p>Hearn wrote for a Western audience and gave his sources literary form. Scholarship debates how accurately he rendered the transmitted narrative material and where his own hand left its mark.<\/p><p>What is certain is that the Yuki-onna as a figure is older than Hearn and existed in various regional forms. Hearn&#8217;s merit, and at the same time his distorting effect, lies in having raised a single, particularly framed version to an international standard.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22d4d51 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp22d4d51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe519d7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe519d7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Regional Variants: Many Snow Women, Not One<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp50bfe76 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp50bfe76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp80cdf2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp80cdf2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Japanese folk tradition knows the snow woman in numerous local forms, which sometimes differ considerably. The collections of Japanese <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies everyday culture, customs and inherited beliefs.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore studies<\/span>, in particular the works in the circle of Yanagita Kunio, document a broad spectrum.<\/p><p>In some regions of the snowy north and of the mountain areas, the Yuki-onna is a deadly figure who lets travellers freeze to death or draws the breath of life from them.<\/p><p>In other areas she appears more gently. There are tales in which she knocks at doors and asks for admittance or for hot water, and in which her behaviour depends on the people&#8217;s reaction.<\/p><p>In yet other versions she appears with a child in her arms and asks passers-by to hold it, whereupon the child grows ever heavier, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring element of content in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> that connects the Yuki-onna with other Japanese spirit beings such as the <em>ubume<\/em>.<\/p><p>The names likewise vary: <em>yuki-onna<\/em>, <em>yuki-musume<\/em> (&#8220;snow girl&#8221;), <em>yuki-jor\u014d<\/em>, <em>yukinba<\/em> (&#8220;snow crone&#8221;) and further regional designations. This diversity is significant for the history of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>.<\/p><p>It shows that the snow woman is not a uniform &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted tale about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>&#8221; with fixed content, but a narrative type that adapted to the respective landscape and lived world.<\/p><p>In areas where winter could indeed be deadly, the figure turned out more threatening. The Yuki-onna is thus also a piece of narrated engagement with a real danger of nature.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6787ad e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf6787ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4cd9876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4cd9876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Yuki-onna in Theatre, Print and Film<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45968d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp45968d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf27457b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf27457b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The snow woman has a rich history of reception in the Japanese arts. In the field of <em>ukiyo-e<\/em>, the art of the woodblock print, artists of the 19th century took up the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring element of content in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>.<\/p><p>Particularly well known are the ghostly depictions that belong to the genre of <em>y\u016brei-zu<\/em>, the ghost pictures, and that show the Yuki-onna as a pale, footless figure or one blurring into the snow.<\/p><p>The theatre also took her up. There are plays for the <em>kabuki<\/em> and for the puppet theatre that work with snow-woman material. The cool, statuesque appearance of the Yuki-onna lent itself to the stylised stage aesthetic, in which a slow, hovering entrance and white garments mark the supernatural.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>In the 20th century, film gave her new renown. Masaki Kobayashi&#8217;s episode film <em>Kwaidan<\/em> of 1964, which is based on Hearn&#8217;s collection, contains a much-noticed Yuki-onna episode with a strongly stylised, painted studio landscape.<\/span><\/p><p>Since then the snow woman has appeared regularly in anime, manga, video games and horror films, often with the fixed attributes of white kimono, black hair and cold beauty.<\/p><p>This modern popular culture has spread the image of the Yuki-onna internationally, but in doing so has tended to standardise it. What in folk tradition was a multiform regional narrative type has, in mass culture, become a recognisable standard figure.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">study of religion<\/span> keeps both layers apart: the local oral tradition and its modern media condensation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further Links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Recommended internal links:<\/p><ul><li>Culture page <strong>Japan<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Further individual profiles of Japan: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/oni\/\">Oni<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/tengu\/\">Tengu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/kappa\/\">Kappa<\/a>, Y\u016brei.<\/li><li>Parallels: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/slavic\/\">Slavic<\/a> (Morana), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/tibet\/\">Tibet<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources and Literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>A compact selection of central works on Yuki-onna:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Hearn, Lafcadio: <em>Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things.<\/em> Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1904.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Michael Dylan: <em>M0<\/em> University of California Press, Berkeley 2015.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Komatsu Kazuhiko: <em>M1<\/em> Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture, Tokyo 2017.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Japanese folklorist (1875-1962); founder of modern Japanese folklore studies.\">Yanagita Kunio<\/span>: <em>M2<\/em> Trans. Ronald A. Morse. Lexington Books, Lanham 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Toriyama Sekien: <em>Japandemonium Illustrated.<\/em> Trans. Hiroko Yoda &#038; Matt Alt. Dover, Mineola 2016.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yukionn-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-yukionn-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-yuki-onna\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yukionn-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-yukionn-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">The protective practice described here is a religious-studies classification of historical traditions. iWell Guard ties in with this cultural-historical line of wearable protective objects and represents a contemporary form of it. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/about-iwell-guard-the-protective-pendant-in-detail\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">More about the iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yuki-onna, Spirit of the Japanese Tradition Yuki-onna is a spirit of the Japanese tradition. Snow-spirit woman of the Japanese mountain regions, white breath, freezing gaze. Yuki-onna&#8217;s Mountain-Pass Iconography Yuki-onna (\u201esnow woman\u201c) is a yokai figure of the Japanese mountain regions, mainly of the northern Japanese prefectures of Aomori, Akita and Niigata. She appears in snowstorms [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5119,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yuki-onna Snow Woman Yokai","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yuki-onna: Spirit of the Japanese Tradition | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yuki-onna, the Japanese snow-spirit woman of the mountain regions. White breath, freezing gaze: folklore from Niigata","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,92,82,93],"class_list":["post-5118","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-japan","category-night-beings","category-spirits"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yuki-onna: Spirit of the Japanese Tradition | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yuki-onna, the Japanese snow-spirit woman of the mountain regions. 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