{"id":4264,"date":"2026-04-27T10:36:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/artemis\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:25:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:25:41","slug":"artemis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/artemis\/","title":{"rendered":"Artemis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4264\" class=\"elementor elementor-4264 elementor-2035 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis, goddess of the Greek tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis is a goddess of the Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p>Goddess of the hunt, the moon, and the wilderness, the unmarried mistress of nature. Artemis is the twin sister of Apollo and one of the few Olympian goddesses who preserves her virginity and asserts her independence from men.<\/p><p>With bow and arrows she watches over stags, deer, and all wild animals. She is a protector of women, especially in childbirth and in friendships among women.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: Personified supreme power within the pantheon of a culture, with clearly defined domains: natural forces, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices, and temple institutions.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"\/en\/greece\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religion and mythology of ancient Greece from the Mycenaean period to late antiquity.\">Greece<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4265\" alt=\"Artemis - gods from the Greek tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_artemis.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quick Overview: Artemis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Greek principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, goddess of the hunt and the moon, patroness of virgins<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Greece (one of the twelve Olympians), adopted in Rome as Diana<br>Function: hunting, wild nature, the course of the moon, protection of women in labour, virginity<br>Principal attributes: bow with golden arrows, crescent moon, hind, short huntress&#8217;s garment<br>Principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> sites: Ephesus (the Artemision, a wonder of the world), Brauron (Attica), Sparta (Artemis Orthia), Delos (birthplace)<br>Roman counterpart: Diana<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the Texts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis has been central to Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> since Homer (8th century BC). Her principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span>, the <em>Artemision<\/em> in Ephesus, was one of the <em>Seven Wonders of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to AD 600.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiquity<\/span><\/em> (built from the 6th century BC, burned down by Herostratus in 356 BC, rebuilt, and finally destroyed in the 3rd century AD).<\/p><p>In Ephesus, however, Artemis is already a synthesis of the Greek Artemis and the pre-Hellenistic Anatolian mother goddess (Cybele\/Kubaba); the famous many-breasted statues belong to this Asia Minor form.<\/p><p>In the Hellenistic period there was further syncretization with Hecate (Artemis-Hecate) and Selene (the moon). The New Testament records the famous episode of the silversmiths in Ephesus in Acts 19.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of Distribution<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principal cult sites: <strong>Ephesus<\/strong> (the Artemision, the most famous; with the many-breasted Anatolian-Greek hybrid form), <strong>Brauron<\/strong> (Attica, with the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ritual transition through which someone is admitted into a new status or community.\" tabindex=\"0\">initiation<\/span> of girls, the <em>Arkteia<\/em>, in which young girls played the part of &#8220;she-bears&#8221; before marriage), <strong>Sparta<\/strong> (Artemis Orthia, with the famous scourging of boys, an initiation <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A fixed, recurring religious act.\" tabindex=\"0\">rite<\/span>), <strong>Delos<\/strong> (mythical birthplace, where she was venerated together with Apollo), Aulis (the Iphigenia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>).<\/p><p>In Sicily, Syracuse maintained the cult of Artemis at the spring of Arethusa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">State of the Sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Central sources: Hesiod (<em>Theogony<\/em>), Homer&#8217;s Iliad and Odyssey, the <em>Homeric Hymn to Artemis<\/em> (short, the 27th hymn), Callimachus&#8217; <em>Hymn to Artemis<\/em> (Alexandrian, extensive), Apollodorus&#8217; <em>Library<\/em>, Pausanias&#8217; <em>Description of Greece<\/em>.<\/p><p>Plays: Euripides&#8217; <em>Iphigenia in Aulis<\/em> and <em>Iphigenia among the Taurians<\/em> (central to the Artemis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>), Euripides&#8217; <em>Hippolytus<\/em>. Secondary literature: Burkert, <em>Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religion<\/span><\/em>; Vernant, <em>Mortals and Immortals<\/em>; Cole, <em>Landscapes, Gender, and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Space<\/em>; LIMC sub voce <em>Artemis<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis is depicted as a muscular, swift huntress, often in hunting dress (a short chiton), with bow and quiver. Her symbols are the stag or the gazelle, the silver crescent moon (which she guides across the sky), the torch, and sometimes dogs (her hunting hounds).<\/p><p>She is frequently shown with her attendant nymphs in woodland scenes. Her beauty is wild and untamed, not courtly as in the case of Aphrodite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> as the protecting goddess of the hunt, of the wilderness, and of women, especially during pregnancy and childbirth. She protects women from harassment and violence. Her oath is inviolable; she aids those who invoke her.<\/p><p>Women <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">dedicated<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span> to her before their wedding. Paradoxically, Artemis is also the goddess of pestilence among wild animals. Her festival, the <em>Thesmophoria<\/em> (in part), is celebrated annually in numerous <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuaries<\/span>. She is the ideal of independence and of friendship among women.<\/p><p><strong>Appearance and Symbolism<\/strong><\/p><p>Artemis is portrayed as a young, muscular virgin in a short chiton, armed with bow and a quiver full of arrows, the archetype of the goddess of the hunt.<\/p><p>The stag and the deer were her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> animals, as was the hound. The moon itself became her sphere, though this was fully established only in later periods; earlier she was more the radiant goddess of the night.<\/p><p>The cypress and the fir were sacred to her. With her crescent moon as a diadem and her silvery radiance, she embodied purity and virginity, and at the same time the ambivalent power of female wildness and independence that refused to be subject to any man.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Artemis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Artemis at a glance. The following fields summarize her origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols, and cultural parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis' Origin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis is the daughter of Zeus and the Titaness <em>Leto<\/em>, twin sister of <em>Apollo<\/em>. She was born on the island of Delos (or, according to an old tradition, on Ortygia near Delos), where Leto (pursued by Hera) found refuge.<\/p><p>Artemis is born first and then helps her mother during the birth of Apollo, hence her patronage of childbirth.<\/p><p>A deliberate virgin (parthenos), she swore as a child to her father Zeus never to marry, and asked for a bow, a retinue of huntresses, and the mountains as her realm.<\/p><p>She appears as a figure of vengeance in the cases of Actaeon (transformed into a stag and torn apart by his own hounds because he saw her naked) and Niobe (whose children Artemis and Apollo shot with arrows).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis' Audience<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A dual function is characteristic of Artemis: <em>huntress<\/em> with a merciless bow, but also <em>protector<\/em> of wild animals and their young (Potnia Theron, &#8220;Mistress of the wild animals&#8221;). She is the patroness of young girls before marriage; in Brauron, Attic girls honoured the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> as &#8220;she-bears&#8221; before their wedding.<\/p><p>She is a helper in the pains of childbirth (together with Eileithyia), yet her <em>silver arrows<\/em> also brought women a sudden death (in contrast to Apollo&#8217;s arrows for men). She is the patroness of the course of the moon (later syncretized with Selene).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis' Appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A young, beautiful, tall woman in a garment reaching above the knees (the <em>chitoniskos<\/em>, a typical huntress&#8217;s costume). Her hair is bound up high or worn as a short crown of curls.<\/p><p>A <em>bow with golden arrows<\/em> and a quiver hang over her shoulder. A <em>crescent moon<\/em> sits on her brow (later through <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"The fusion of elements from different religions or cults into new hybrid forms, as in Haitian Vodou (the Lwa and Catholic saints).\">syncretism<\/span> with Selene).<\/p><p>She is captured in mid-stride, often with one leg raised. A <em>hind<\/em> or the <em>golden deer of Ceryneia<\/em> appears as her companion animal. She wears a <em>pointed cap<\/em> (pilos) and sandals.<\/p><p>In Ephesus she takes the unusual form: enthroned, with several rows of projecting breasts or bull&#8217;s scrota (a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of a conception or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of the fertility of the pre-Greek Anatolian mother).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis' Effect<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of influence:<\/strong> Artemis was especially popular among women and young girls, before marriage, in the pains of childbirth, and during acute illness.<\/p><p>Before their wedding, girls dedicated toys, veils, and locks of hair to her; in Brauron they performed the <em>Arkteia<\/em> initiation rite as she-bears. In Sparta, boys carried out the <em>Diamastigosis<\/em> at the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An elevated place or table for offerings and religious acts.\" tabindex=\"0\">altar<\/span> of Artemis Orthia (a ritual scourging as a test of manhood).<\/p><p>Hunters and travellers invoked her before every departure into the wilderness. In Ephesus, thousands of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A person who undertakes a religiously motivated journey to a sacred place.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrims<\/span> came to her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> festival, which took place every four years.<\/p><p>In the Iphigenia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> she averts the demanded <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express thanks, request, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifice<\/span> of the girl at the last moment by means of a hind, and sends Iphigenia to Tauris as a priestess.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis' Defence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bow with golden arrows (silver arrows in Homer), quiver, short huntress&#8217;s garment, crescent moon (later), hind, golden deer, she-bear (Brauron), spear, torch (Artemis Phosphoros, &#8220;Bringer of Light&#8221;), sandals.<\/p><p>Sacred plants: laurel (with Apollo), cypress, palm (Delos). Sacred animals: hind, bear, deer, boar (the Calydonian Boar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>), quail (Ortygia), dog. Sacred number: 3 (the triplicity with Hecate and Selene).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis' Parallels<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Diana<\/em> (Rome, an almost identical adoption with its own cult of Diana at Aricia near Rome), <em>Selene<\/em> (Greece, the moon, later syncretized with Artemis), <em>Hecate<\/em> (Greece, crossroads, often in triplicity with Artemis and Selene), <em>Cybele\/Kubaba<\/em> (Anatolia, the original root of the Ephesian Artemis), <em>Britomartis<\/em> (Crete, a local huntress), <em>Bastet<\/em> (Egypt, syncretized in the Hellenistic period as Artemis Bubastia), <em>Freyja<\/em> (Germanic, goddess of the hunt and of love), <em>Durga<\/em> (Hinduism, a warrior goddess riding a tiger), <em>Ishtar<\/em> (Mesopotamia, bow and arrows).<\/p><p>In the broader context: Artemis is the most famous representative of the <em>Potnia Theron<\/em> tradition (Mistress of the wild animals), which occurs in many archaic cultures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective Practice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Veneration in Everyday Life<\/strong><\/p><div><p><strong>Rituals and Invocations<\/strong><br>Among the best-known rites were the Brauronia, with the &#8220;bear dance&#8221; (Arkteia) of young girls. Artemis was invoked as a helper in childbirth, and the Ephesian Artemision festival was among the great festivals of Asia Minor.<\/p><\/div><p><strong>Conjurations and Invocations<\/strong><\/p><div><p><strong>Textual <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">Transmission<\/span> and Formulas<\/strong><br>The Homeric hymn to Artemis and the hymn of Callimachus depict the virgin huntress and mistress of the animals. Cult inscriptions from Ephesus and from the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> of Brauron transmit the local rites.<\/p><\/div><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amulets<\/span> and Protective Symbols<\/strong><\/p><div><p><strong>Material <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Plural of apotropaion: objects and signs intended to ward off misfortune.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaia<\/span> and archaeological evidence<\/strong><br>Women dedicated clothing and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Relating to a religious vow; a votive offering is consecrated to a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">votive<\/span> offerings to Artemis in order to ask for protection during childbirth. The many-breasted statue type of the Artemis of Ephesus and depictions of bears from Brauron are widely attested archaeologically.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis, Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Goddesses of the hunt and of the moon are found everywhere: Diana (Rome), Atalanta (heroic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative, often with a historical core and marvellous features.\" tabindex=\"0\">legend<\/span>), Skadi (Scandinavia), Chang&#8217;e (China). The emphasis of Artemis on femininity without sexuality or subjection to men is distinctive for her time.<\/p><p>She shares the lunar aspect with Selene and Hecate, but her focus on the hunt sets her apart. Her role as protector of women and children connects her with Eileithyia and other protective deities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp731d437 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp731d437\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4ade15d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4ade15d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis of Ephesus: The Enigmatic Statue<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4fa6fe7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4fa6fe7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp153c9f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp153c9f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most idiosyncratic figures in the history of ancient religion is the Artemis of Ephesus. Her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span>, the Artemision, was counted among the Seven Wonders of the World.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A pictorial representation of a deity venerated in a temple or shrine.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult image<\/span> of this goddess differs fundamentally from the youthful huntress of Greek art. It shows a rigid, column-like figure whose upper body is covered with numerous rounded protrusions and whose lower body is enclosed in a tight garment adorned with reliefs of animals.<\/p><p>What these protrusions represent has been disputed since antiquity. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to AD 600.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ancient<\/span> authors spoke of many breasts, from which earlier scholarship made a many-breasted fertility goddess. Other interpretations see in them eggs, bull&#8217;s testicles attached as offerings, or pieces of amber jewellery.<\/p><p>There is no certain answer; scholarship continues to debate the question. What is clear is that the Ephesian Artemis was deeply rooted in Asia Minor traditions and merged with a local mother goddess.<\/p><p>This goddess was famous in antiquity, and her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> extended far beyond Ephesus. Copies of the cult image spread throughout the Mediterranean world.<\/p><p>The Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament reports an uproar of the Ephesian silversmiths, who sold models of the sanctuary and saw their business threatened by Christian preaching, with the cry that great was the Artemis of the Ephesians.<\/p><p>From the standpoint of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>, the Ephesian Artemis is an important example of how a Greek divine name could encompass very different local deities. The huntress and the enthroned mistress of Ephesus share little more than the name.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf99a3a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf99a3a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp74ca9a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp74ca9a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mistress of the Wild Animals and the Etymology of the Name<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4160a97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4160a97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp17bcebd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp17bcebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An old <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A fixed epithet that characterizes a deity or figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">epithet<\/span> of Artemis is <em>potnia th\u0113r\u014dn<\/em>, Mistress of the wild animals. She is already called this in the Homeric <em>Iliad<\/em>.<\/p><p>In early Greek art there is a widespread pictorial type showing a winged or standing goddess who grasps two animals, often lions, stags, or birds, by the neck or the legs. Whether each of these depictions refers to Artemis is an open question, but the type accords with her nature.<\/p><p>Artemis is the goddess of untamed nature, of mountains, forests, and marshes, of wild animals and of young creatures not yet integrated into the order of the city. She is a huntress and at the same time a protector of the animals; for ancient thought these two roles are not mutually exclusive.<\/p><p>The hunter respects the order of the wild, and the goddess punishes offences against it. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of Actaeon, whom she turns into a stag because he saw her bathing, and who is torn apart by his own hounds, belongs to this context.<\/p><p>The etymology of the name Artemis remains unresolved despite many attempts. The name already appears on Mycenaean Linear B tablets in a form read as <em>a-te-mi-to<\/em>, which attests its great age.<\/p><p>Connections have been proposed to words for unharmed, for bear, or for sharp, but none of these derivations has prevailed. Scholarship reckons that the name may be pre-Greek. This uncertainty is typical of very ancient deities and an indication that Artemis belongs to the oldest strata of the Greek pantheon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcdadc1c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcdadc1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp15aaf2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp15aaf2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Brauron and the She-Bears: Female Initiation in the Cult of Artemis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp587e2ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp587e2ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp330b5f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp330b5f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most illuminating cults of Artemis took place at Brauron on the east coast of Attica. There Artemis Brauronia was venerated, and the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> was closely connected with the transition of young girls into adulthood.<\/p><p>Athenian girls spent a period in the service of the goddess and in this function were called <em>arktoi<\/em>, she-bears. They took part in rites that evidently included dances and a race.<\/p><p>The mythical background relates to a slain sacred she-bear of Artemis, for which the girls had, as it were, to make amends.<\/p><p>Scholarship understands the Brauron <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> as a rite of initiation: the girls passed through a temporally limited phase, set apart from the customary order, within the wild domain of the goddess, before returning to the community of the city as women of marriageable age.<\/p><p>Finds from the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span>, including votive offerings and inscriptions, as well as vase paintings with running girls, support this interpretation.<\/p><p>Beyond Brauron, Artemis was the goddess who accompanied girls and young women, from childhood through childbirth to the dangers of the lying-in period. As <em>Lochia<\/em> she assisted at the delivery.<\/p><p>At the same time she was the one whose arrows could bring women a sudden, gentle death, just as those of her brother Apollo brought it to men.<\/p><p>This responsibility for the critical thresholds of female life, being born, growing up, giving birth, dying, makes Artemis, despite her status as an eternal virgin, a central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> precisely for the lifeworld of women.<\/p><p>Scholars of religion such as <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"German scholar of religious studies (1931 to 2015); principal work Greek Religion (1977).\" tabindex=\"0\">Walter Burkert<\/span> have seen in this no contradiction, but rather the expression of a goddess who governs all transitions at the boundary of wilderness and culture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6dc59a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6dc59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5bb0e5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5bb0e5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Artemis, Apollo, and the Children of Niobe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa84bdf6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa84bdf6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4cbcfed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4cbcfed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Artemis is the twin sister of Apollo. Both are children of Zeus and Leto, born on the island of Delos, because the pregnant Leto was driven across the earth by the jealous Hera and could find nowhere a place to give birth.<\/p><p>According to a widespread version of the story, Artemis came into the world first and at once helped her mother with the birth of her brother, which is why she is also regarded as a helper in childbirth.<\/p><p>The siblings act together in several myths, often as executors of punishment for offences against their mother or against the order of the gods. The best known of these myths is that of Niobe, the queen of Thebes.<\/p><p>Niobe boasted that she had more children than Leto, who possessed only two, and claimed divine veneration for herself. As a punishment, Apollo and Artemis killed her children, Apollo the sons, Artemis the daughters. Niobe was turned to stone in her grief, a rock from which water continued to flow like ceaseless tears.<\/p><p>The Niobe <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> served in antiquity as an example of hubris, the self-exaltation of a human being above the gods, and of its inevitable punishment.<\/p><p>It is also important in the history of religion because it shows the close bond of the siblings to their mother Leto; several of their joint deeds can be read as a defence of their mother&#8217;s honour.<\/p><p>In the visual arts, the group of the dying Niobids was a frequent subject.<\/p><p>The pairing of Artemis and Apollo as a punishing brother and sister makes clear that, despite their different domains, hers being hunting and the wilderness, his being the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A site or institution where a divine answer is sought.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracle<\/span>, music, and healing, both had a shared function as guardians of the divine order.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further Links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/apollo\/\">Apollo, twin brother<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/hecate\/\">Hecate, sister in triplicity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/bastet\/\">Bastet, syncretized Egyptian sister (Artemis Bubastia)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/aphrodite\/\">Aphrodite, contrasting sister of love<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/durga\/\">Durga, Hindu warrior parallel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/greece\/\">Greece, pantheon overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/high-deities\/\">High deities, subcategory<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, class overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources and Literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Vernant, Jean-Pierre: <em>Mortals and Immortals. Collected Essays<\/em>. Princeton 1991.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cole, Susan Guettel: <em>Landscapes, Gender, and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A regulated sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Space. The Ancient Greek Experience<\/em>. Berkeley 2004.<\/span><\/li><li>Callimachus: <em>Hymn to Artemis<\/em>.<\/li><li>Euripides: <em>Iphigenia in Aulis<\/em>; <em>Iphigenia among the Taurians<\/em>; <em>Hippolytus<\/em>.<\/li><li>Pausanias: <em>Description of Greece<\/em>, Book I (Brauron).<\/li><li>LIMC <em>Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae<\/em>, vol. II (Artemis).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (entry &#8220;Artemis&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d2ccd2 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7d2ccd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77a949a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77a949a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently Asked Questions about Artemis<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who is Artemis in Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Artemis is one of the twelve Olympian gods, daughter of Zeus and Leto, twin sister of Apollo. She is the goddess of the hunt, of the wilderness, of untouched nature, and the protector of young women before the age of marriage.<\/p><p>Unlike most other goddesses, she is a virgin goddess (Parthenos) who has sworn never to marry. She roams the forests and mountains with her nymphs, armed with bow and arrows. Her Roman counterpart is Diana. In the Hellenistic period she merged with the Ephesian Artemis, a quite different, many-breasted mother goddess of Asia Minor.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>What is the story of Actaeon and Artemis?<\/h3><p>Actaeon was a hunter and grandson of Apollo who happened to see Artemis bathing in a woodland spring. Because of this unintentional breach of the forbidden zone, Artemis turned him into a stag, whereupon he was torn apart by his own hunting hounds.<\/p><p>The story is one of the most famous myths of transformation; Ovid devotes a central book of the Metamorphoses to it. It illustrates the relentless severity of Artemis: no intention, no fault, whoever crosses the boundary is destroyed.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who is Artemis in Greek mythology?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Artemis is one of the twelve Olympian gods: daughter of Zeus and Leto, twin sister of Apollo. She is the goddess of the hunt, of the wilderness, of untouched nature, and the protector of young women before the age of marriage. Unlike most other goddesses, she is a virgin goddess (Parthenos) who has sworn never to marry. She roams the forests and mountains with her nymphs, armed with bow and arrows. Her Roman counterpart is Diana. 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Goddess of the hunt, the moon, and the wilderness, the unmarried mistress of nature. Artemis is the twin sister of Apollo and one of the few Olympian goddesses who preserves her virginity and asserts her independence from men. With bow and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4265,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Artemis","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Artemis: Goddess of the Hunt and the Moon in Greece","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Goddess of the hunt, the moon, the wilderness, and protector of women. Independent twin sister of Apollo, with bow and stag.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,86,88],"class_list":["post-4264","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-gods","category-greece"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Artemis: Goddess of the Hunt and the Moon in Greece<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Goddess of the hunt, the moon, the wilderness, and protector of women. 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